MANAGEMENT

VS.
LEADERSHIP
KS402DE02_ MANAGERIAL SKILLS AND LEADERSHIP IN HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
LECTURE: NGUYEN THIEN TRUONG
 Be Present Be On Time Be Prepared

Respect Each Other

OBJECTIVES
• Identify the differences between management and leadership roles

•Identify characteristics and applications of the three traditional management

styles

•Describe the traditional functions and roles of management

•Describe the dominant contemporary views of leadership.

•Explain why a gap exists between them and the actual behavior of managers

•Explain the traditional theory of management skills that are reflecting the work
of people in today’s hospitality organizations
"People will forget what you said,
People will forget what you did,
But people will never forget how you made
them feel"

Maya Angelou
 GROUP ACTIVITIES

Think of the Best Boss you ever

worked for or worked together...

How did your best ever boss or

leader make you feel?
E.g. Happy
 For a prince, to be loved or to
be feared?

But since it is difficult for a ruler to be both

feared and loved, it is much safer to be
feared than loved, if one of the two must be
lacking.
- Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli
 GROUP ACTIVITIES

Think of the Worst Boss you

ever worked for ...

How did your worst ever boss make you feel?

E.g. Anxious
GROUP ACTIVITIES
 MANAGEMENT

• is an authority relationship
• is responsible for carrying out the six managing functions including planning,
organizing, coordinating, staffing, directing, and controlling.
• is to accomplish organizational goals continuously
• requires position power from which to operate
• has subordinates

Courtesy of Sherri Hartzell retrieved from: http://study.com/academy/lesson/management-vs-leadership-the-difference-between-a-manager-leader.html

 MANAGEMENT

Management is the act of getting people together to accomplish

desired goals and objectives using available resources
efficiently and effectively.
CLASSIFYING MANAGERS

Top Manager

Middle Manager

First-Line
(Direct Supervisor)
 CLASSIFYING MANAGERS

E.g. G.M; CEO; Vice/President ;

Managing Director

E.g. Department head; Regional

manager; Project manager

E.g. Team Leader; Shift Leader;

Supervisor; Assistant Manager
 ROBERT L. KATZ’S TRADITIONAL

• The ability and the

knowledge to use a variety
• The skills that of equipment, & techniques
present the involved in performing a
managers’ specific task.
ability to
interact, work or
relate
• The skills that
effectively with
present in terms of
people.
the knowledge and
ability for abstract
thinking and
formulating ideas.
Robert Katz, 1955
Which skill is the
most important
to:
• Top Manager?
• Middle
Manager?
• First-line
Manager?
Skill is the most important to:
TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT STYLES
HIGH
DEMOCRATIC MOST
EFFECTIVES

PEOPLE
ORIENTED LAISSEZ-FAIRE

BUREAUCRATIC AUTOCRATIC
LO
W LO HIGH
RESULT ORIENTED
WOOD & KING, 1996 W
 TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT STYLES

AUTOCRATIC

• Little or no input from group members

• Managers make almost all of the decisions
• Managers dictate all the work methods and processes
• Members are rarely trusted with decisions or important tasks
• Work tends to be highly structured and very rigid
• Creativity and out -of-the box thinking tend to be discouraged
• Rules are important and tend to be clearly outlined and
communicated.

Source: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-autocratic-leadership-2795314/
 TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT STYLES
benefits draw backs

Can make decisions quickly, especially in Discourages group input

stress-filled situations
AUTOCRATIC

Clear chain of command, oversight Can impair morale and lead to

resentment
Good where strong, directive leadership May impair or ignore creative solutions
is needed and expertise from subordinates

application

• It can be effective in small groups where leadership is lacking;

• It can also be used well in cases where a great deal of pressure is involved;
• Manufacturing and construction work can also benefit from the autocratic style.
Source: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-autocratic-leadership-2795314/
 TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT STYLES
DEMOCRATIC

• Group members are encouraged to share ideas and opinions, even though the
leader retains the final say over decisions.

• Members of the group feel more engaged in the process.

• Creativity is encouraged and rewarded.

Source: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-autocratic-leadership-2795314/
 TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT STYLES
benefits draw backs

More ideas and creative solutions Communication failures

Democratic

Group member commitment Poor decision-making by unskilled

groups
High productivity Minority or individual opinions
overridden

application
• Democratic management works best in situations where group members are skilled and
eager to share their knowledge;
• Or in a situation that has plenty of time to allow people to contribute, develop a plan, and
then vote on the best course of action.
Source: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-autocratic-leadership-2795314/
 TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT STYLES

AISSEZ FAIRE

• Very little guidance from managers;

• Complete freedom for followers to make decisions;
• Managers provide the tools and resources needed;
• Group members are expected to solve problems on their own;
• Power is handed over to followers, yet managers still take responsibility for the groups
decisions and action.

Source: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-autocratic-leadership-2795314/
 TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT STYLES
benefits draw backs
Not good for groups lacking needed skills,
Can work for motivated teams with high
LAISSEZ FAIRE

motivation, adherence to deadlines

expertise and skills

Can result in poor performance and

Creative teams may value the
outcomes
independence
Works well when leader provides needed Leader may appear uninvolved
information and materials at start of project
Confusion over roles in the group

application
• When group members have the skills to succeed
• When group members are experts
• When independence is valued
Source: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-autocratic-leadership-2795314/
 TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT STYLES

BUREAUCRATIC

• Focuses on the control and performance or work;

• Follow rules and regulations and are therefore less creative and
innovative in their approach to leadership;
• Lead by the book and do not stray from their chosen path meaning
spontaneity and flexibility can be counter-productive to a bureaucratic
manager.

Source: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-autocratic-leadership-2795314/
 TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT STYLES
benefits draw backs
Ensures all staff know their roles and It does not encourage innovative and creative
BUREAUCRATIC

responsibility and are highly focused on the task thinking.

at hand. It can prevent progress and adaption for a
Lead to great success in task-focused work leader
situations It is less thinking outside the box and less
Attention to detail and accountability can be very collaboration with group members.
useful for an organization, particularly if health Group members are not exposed to problem
and safety, staff welfare and precise product solving and higher-order thinking
specifications are a priority It is typically outcome focused

application
• quite useful for businesses looking for consistency, most especially on a large scale.
Rules and regulations are being created. And this makes it even possible for more than
one employee to produce equal results on different tasks carried out the same way.
Source: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-autocratic-leadership-2795314/

Personal Background
your personality, knowledge,
attitudes, feelings, values and
experiences.
FA C T O R S A F F E C T I N G
MANAGEMENT STYLES
Characteristics of Structure and Culture The Situations
An employees Of the Organization
that you are in
new and inexperienced vs.
knowledgeable and
experienced employees
 TIPS TO BE A GOOD
MANAGER

#1. Expect Excellence

#2. Be Decisive
#3. Set A Good Example
#4. Be Open To New Ways Of Looking At Things
#5. Communicate Regularly By Providing Meaningful Feedbacks
In Real Time
#6. Don’t Avoid Conflict, But Deal With It Directly And Fairly
#7. Be Patient With Yourself
#8. Accept That You Still Have A Lot To Learn

Source: https://aboutleaders.com/free-resources/
 LEADERSHIP

• is an influence relationship.
• is about effectiveness through trust, inspiration and people.
• does not require a position from which to operate.
• has followers.

Courtesy of Sherri Hartzell retrieved from: http://study.com/academy/lesson/management-vs-leadership-the-difference-between-a-manager-leader.html

 LEADERSHIP

Leadership is the influencing process of leaders and followers

to achieve organizational objectives through change.

[Source:Lussier R.N. and Achua C.F. (2010). Leadership: Theory, Application and Skill] Development (4th ed.)
 EXAMPLE OF 4 LEADERSHIP
APPROACHES

Ambitious, competitive, demanding

goal-setters

Detail-oriented, rule – following,

consistent performers

Harmonious, forgiving, and

highly collaborative

Love learning, thrive under

democratic leaders

AUTHOR: MARK MURPHY

Source: https://www.leadershipiq.com/blogs/leadershipiq/36533569-quiz-whats-your-leadership-style
 THE FOCUS OF THE VISION OF
MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP
• Do things right • Do the right things
• Address HOW • Address WHY
• Profit focus • Service focus
• Enforce policies and rules • Communicate vision and values
• Improvement • Innovation
• Control results • Inspire people
• Foster stability/status quo • Engage in continue improvement
/change
 TIPS TO BE AN EFFECTIVE
LEADER

#1. Be Humble
#2. Know Your Limits
#3. Lead By Example
#4. Learn From The Past
#5. Communicate Effectively
#6. Never Stop Improving
#7. Be Emotionally Aware
#8. Empower People With Honesty And Transparency

Source: https://aboutleaders.com/free-resources/
 REVIEW QUESTIONS

oWHAT ARE THE SIX TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS?

oLIST THE THREE TYPES OF TRADITIONAL MANAGERIAL ROLES
oHOW DO TECHNICAL, HUMAN RELATIONS, AND CONCEPTUAL
SKILLS HELP MANAGERS DO THEIR JOBS?
o WHAT FACTORS AFFECT A MANAGER’S CHOICE OF MANAGEMENT
STYLES?
 HOMEWORK

Find information and examples of those following leadership

theories :
(1) Authentic
(2)Transactional
(3)Transformational
(4)Situational
(5)Charismatic
(6)Servant
(7)Pacesetting
REFERENCES
Woods R.H. and King J.Z. (2010), Leadership and Management in the
Hospitality industry (3rd ed.), American Hotel and Lodging Association.

Lussier R.N. and Achua C.F. (2010). Leadership: Theory,

Application and Skill Development (4th ed.), Thompson Corporation.
Thank you for Listening

Q&A