See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/341592192

Development of Non-Electric Washing Machine

Article · May 2020

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3786210

CITATIONS READS

0 2,833

3 authors:

Sharanabasappa C Sajjan Vinayak Ganiger

KLE Institute of Technology Heriot-Watt University
26 PUBLICATIONS 22 CITATIONS 1 PUBLICATION 0 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Hanumesha Pujar
Visvesvaraya Technological University
9 PUBLICATIONS 3 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Sharanabasappa C Sajjan on 17 June 2020.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Research and Reviews: Journal of Mechanics and Machines
Volume 2 Issue 1
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3786210

Development of Non-Electric Washing Machine

Shreyans S.Chordia, Prajwal S.Kalyankar, Siddharth R.Paschapur,
Vinayak M.Ganiger, S.C.Sajjan* Hanumesh Pujar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.L.E .Institute of Technology, Hubli, India
*Corresponding Author
E-Mail Id: sajjansc@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Power can be produced from human foot pedaling using sprocket and chain or gear system.
Peddling by human power is commonly used in bicycles since many years. This concept is
rarely used in agriculture and to generate electricity to mention few are pedal powered water
well, grinder, etc. Here the basic concept is pedaling is converted to rotary motion. In day-
today life cloth washing is one of the main routine works of the human community. This
routine work is more painful because it involves water environment with human effort, time
and cost. In the present study an attempt is made to develop a Non-Electric Washing
Machine (NEWM) to meet requirements of most of the population of any country. Working
principle of this is almost similar to that mechanism of machine. The main objective of
present work to develop low initial cost and operating cost machine and in the areas where
electricity is not available is achieved.

Keywords: Pedal power, foot pedal, gear system, electricity, non-electric washing machine,
mechanism, turbulent flow

INTRODUCTION TYPES OF WASHING MACHINES

Concept of peddling by human power is
commonly used in bicycles since many
decades. Developments of pedal powered
tools were become common to save fuel,
electricity and also in remote place where
there is no power available. The peddling
concept with oscillating mechanism is
used in the present Non-Electric Washing
Machine. By pedaling normal human can
generate four times more power compared
to hand crank. Peddling varies from person
to person; also age factor is an important
criterion.
Compared to hand/manual washing peddle
power operated washing machine allow
human to wash clothes in a faster way with
less effort and strain. The energy may be
utilized to do other profitable or some
other rewarding work [1]. It is a
reasonable, environmentally-friendly
substitute to devices powered by electricity
or fossil fuels. Also it is an exercise to the
human which helps to keep fit.[4-8]
Mainly washing machines are accessible in
two principle setups. The arrangement
relies upon the manner in which the
clothing are presented and the axis of
rotation. The two primary configurations
are top loaded and front- loaded.
Top Loaded
These types of washing machines are fitted
with an agitator that transfers mechanical
energy through agitation from motor to the
clothes. The mechanical agitation,
combined with detergent, removes dirt and
keeps it in suspension. Cylinder at the
centre will be of steel coated with enamel.
As cycle completes, water extracts from
fabric through the perforated cylinder.
Fig. 1: Top Loaded Washing Machine.
(www.google.co.zw)

HBRP Publication Page 1-7 2020. All Rights Reserved Page 1

 Research and Reviews: Journal of Mechanics and Machines
Clothes are inserted in a vertical fiber
basket which contains perforations and this
fiber basket inserted within the tub which
prevents the water. Vertical fin like pillar
is provided in the center of the fiber
basket. Clothes are loaded at the top of the
machine through a hinged door. Figure 1
shows the top loaded machine.
Front Loaded
In this type of machine the washing drum
rotates in the horizontal direction. Clothes
are loaded through the glass door at the
front side of the machine as shown in
figure 2. This type of machine consumes
less water and detergent.
Fig. 2: Front Loaded Washing Machine.
(www.google.co.zw)
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
In the design of washing machine the most
important aspect is its ability to make the
washing of clothes easier and faster. The
present pedal operated machine is required
to wash the clothes without using more
water and less damage to the clothes. At
the same time it must be portable such that
families shall be able to share the machine
and also portable so that it can be
transported close to water source for
usage. The machine must be compact to
place in limited space. The quantity of
clothes varies from between families;
initial size was selected based on the
present available washing machines, and
designs allowing for easy scale up or
down, depending on the requirements. [1-
3].
HBRP Publication Page 1-7 2020. All Rights Reserved
Volume 2 Issue 1
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3786210
Following points mentions the
specifications: Cleanliness of the clothes,
rate of washing, capacity, economical,
durable, easy maintenance, easy
availability of spares, etc.
TYPES OF WASHING CHAMBERS
Vertical Axis Chamber
The standard washing machine found in
American homes comprises of two vertical
axis concentric tubs. The inward tube
which holds the garments has densely
separated holes which permit the water to
run in and out without any problem.
Cleanser and water are kept inside the
external tub during the wash cycle. A
central agitator rotating directions initiates
friction between the garments to precisely
evacuate dirt and stains as appeared
underneath in Figure 3.
Fig. 3: Vertical Axis Chamber. [9]
Horizontal Axis Chamber
Horizontal washer uses the fins in line
with inner barrel which lift the clothes on
the side of the drum as shown in Figure 4.
This results in less usage of water.
Fig. 4: Horizontal Axis Chamber. [9]
Page 2
 Research and Reviews: Journal of Mechanics and Machines
Volume 2 Issue 1
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3786210

Tilted Axis Chamber MECHANISM (BASIC LAYOUT AND

Tilted axis shown in Figure 5, works ASSEMBLY)
similar to a cement mixer. This design CAD model of driving mechanism is
allow for easier addition of water and shown in Figure 8.
clothes. Manufacturing of this type is bit Mechanism consists of following parts:
difficult compared to horizontal one. 1. Base.
2. Oscillating Shaft.
3. Intermediate Shaft.
4. Drive Shaft.
5. Arms.
6. Tube

Fig. 5: Tilted Axis Chamber. [9]

Drum as a Washing Chamber

It is only a chamber in which water is
loaded up with cleanser further garment is
put inside it for wash. In this kind of
machine, there are two drum are utilized:
Inner and Outer.

Inner drum
This drum as appeared in Figure 6
comprises of garments and it is less in
diameter when contrasted with external
drum. Inner drum is blanked all through its
body. It turns with the assistance of
compound gear and chain game plan in the
ideal speed as for the reason.
Fig. 8: Mechanism Parts Made in CATIA
Software.
Figure 9 (a) shows the assembled view of
the mechanism. and actual model of
mechanism is shown in Figure 9 (b).

Fig. 6: Inner Drum.

Fig. 9 (a): Driving Mechanism of NEWM.
Outer drum
Outer drum is utilized to stock water used
for washing the clothes as shown below in
Figure 7.

Fig. 7: Outer Drum.

Fig. 9 (b): Actual Model of NEWM.

HBRP Publication Page 1-7 2020. All Rights Reserved Page 3

 Research and Reviews: Journal of Mechanics and Machines
WORKING OF NEW MACHINE
Process of washing clothes in any washing
machine uses water for cleaning. The
washing involves immersing, dipping and
rubbing or scrubbing of clothes using
water by applying detergent and or with
stain removing agent. In simple semi-
automatic machines there will be two tubs
used for cleaning and drying. But in case
of automatic machines both the operations
will happen in the same drum. Most of the
machines remove water from the clothes
after cleaning, but not completely dry
them. In the present study rotation of the
drum is possible through wheel rotation.
Wheel is rotated by chain drive. As human
being start peddling, gear connected to
sprocket by chain start to transmit power.
Present project works on the mechanism
shown in Figure 9 (a) and (b).
Wash Cycles
An independent spin dryer utilized for
extricating water from clothing. The most
punctual clothes washers basically did a
washing activity when stacked with
garments and cleanser, loaded up with hot
water, and began. Over time machines
turned out to be increasingly automated,
first with complex electromechanical
controllers, at that point completely
electronic controllers; clients put garments
into the machine, select a reasonable
program by means of a switch, start the
machine, and respond to take out clean and
somewhat moist clothes at the end of the
cycle. The controller starts and stops a
wide range of procedures including pumps
and valves to fill and void the drum with
water, warming, and rotating at various
rates, with various mixes of settings for
various textures.
Washing
Front loading washing machines usually
have electric heating coils to heat (up to
boiling if required) the water used for
washing. Different detergents including
stain removers and perfumed liquid may
be used for better output. Obviously higher
HBRP Publication Page 1-7 2020. All Rights Reserved
Volume 2 Issue 1
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3786210
temperature washing uses more power
consumption at the same time many soft
fabrics are damage and get more wrinkles
by using higher temperatures. Numerous
machines are cold-fill, associated with
cold water just, which they warmth to
working temperature. Where water can be
warmed all the more economically or with
less carbon dioxide emission than by
power, cold-fill activity is inefficient.
Front loaders need to utilize low-sudsing
cleansers that the tumbling activity of the
drum folds air into the garments load that
can cause over-sudsing and overflows. Be
that as it may, because of effective
utilization of water and cleanser, the
sudsing issue with front-loaders can be
constrained by basically utilizing less
cleanser, without diminishing cleaning
activity.
CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS
Normal human being can produce power
over a wide range of pedaling speeds. By
peddling with certain rate a person can
produce more power for a much longer
time. The peddling rate varies from person
to person and also the physical condition
of a person. In general most people deliver
a power continuously for one hour or more
will range between 50 to 70 revolutions
per minute (rpm). For simplicity 60 rpm is
used, as an easy reference value for
estimates. The washing process requires
different peddling rates as tabulated in
Table 1below.
Table 1: Operating Specifications of a
Conventional Washing Machine.
Process Time Taken RPM Required
Washing 30min 20 rpm
Rinsing 5min 500 rpm
Above table shows time required for entire
process is 35 minutes. But when pedaling
at 60 rpm a healthy person produces 125
watts of power which is as shown in Fig.
10. Maximum power developed by a
healthy man is up to 200 watts. Three
different processes are shown in table2.
Page 4
 Research and Reviews: Journal of Mechanics and Machines
Volume 2 Issue 1
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3786210

Table 2: Required Power and Torque.  Fill the drum with water with enough
Sr. Process Required Available Required measure of cleanser powder.
No Type speed Torque Power
(rpm) (Nm) (Watts)  Add the garments in the inner drum
1 Washing 20 59.68 2.5 and close the spread.
2 Rinsing 500 2.38 62.5  Start pedaling and watch the
presentation of the machine.
Measure time utilizing stopwatch at
various speeds and loads at various
working loads. For washing cycle the
outcomes are classified and plotted as in
Table 3 demonstrated as follows

Table 3: Tabulation Shown for Washing

Cycle.
Speed Load Time
Sr.No.
(rpm) (kg) (min)
1 60 1 20
2 60 1.5 30
3 60 2 40

Fig. 10: Max. Sustainable Power V/s

Duration i.e. Human Power Available as
Depending on the Time of the Exercise.
[1]

CALCULATIONS
Power,
P=2𝜋NT/60
Torque available at the tub for washing,
Fig. 11: Graph Representing Load V/s
T = (60×125)/(2𝜋x20) = 59.68𝑁m Time.
Now calculating the actual power available
for washing,
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
P = (2𝜋×20×59.68)/60 = 2.5𝑊 Human tendency is always reduce power
Torque available at the tub for rinsing, consumption and get work done by using
T = (60×125)/(2𝜋×500) = 2.38𝑁 human power especially in a country with
Now calculating the actual power available lot of human resources. Power generation
for rinsing, by pedaling will be obviously more
P = (2𝜋×20×59.68)/60 = 62.5𝑊 compared with cranking.
Capacity of the machine is decided based
on the minimum torque required for all the
processes. Considering factor of safety it
taken as 1.2 kg.

CONDUCTION OF EXPERIMENT
AND TABULATION OF RESULTS
Following steps were done to conduct the
experiment and the results were observed
and plotted as shown in the Figure 11. Fig. 12: Pedaling Rate V/s Desired Power
O/p [1].

HBRP Publication Page 1-7 2020. All Rights Reserved Page 5

 Research and Reviews: Journal of Mechanics and Machines
Figure 12 shows the power output for
different pedaling rate.
Fig.13: Fabricated Washing Machine.
MERITS, DEMERITS AND
APPLICATIONS
Merits
The machine has low manufacturing cost.
It is highly economical and affordable to
all class of people.
Electric supply is not required for the
machine to work, so it is ideal for the
people in the electricity deficient Indian
villages.
Comparing with conventional hand
washing less effort is required, leads to
increasing the productivity of the human.
Probability of failure compared with
electronic machine.
Mechanical system is used in the machine,
less chances of failure.
HBRP Publication Page 1-7 2020. All Rights Reserved
Volume 2 Issue 1
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3786210
Fabricated washing machine is shown in
Figure13.
Simple in design therefore reliability is
more.
Lubricating the different parts is more than
enough to maintain the machine.
DEMERITS
It is heavy in weight.
Very thick and long clothes cannot be
washed (eg: Carpets, Blankets, Bed sheets
etc.)
Children below age of 12 cannot use this.
At a time more number of clothes cannot
be washed.
APPLICATIONS
Rural areas can be used these machines.
The developed machine may also be used
as an exercise device.
Page 6
 Research and Reviews: Journal of Mechanics and Machines
Volume 2 Issue 1
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3786210

It is used in the areas where there is no Research and Development (IJERD).

electricity at all. 2012, 1(5), 22-26p.
4. Linxu, Weinan Bai, Jingyu Ru, Qiang
CONCLUSIONS Li. Design and Implementation of the
The developed nonelectric washing Reciprocating Pedal Powered
machine will help people to wash clothes Electricity Generating Device.
faster with less strain compared to hand Advanced Materials Research. 2011,
wash. Students staying in hostels may be 8(4), 735-738p.
used to save money and time. It is also 5. Rowland W.F., Gordon W.D.
helpful for maintaining fitness. We hope Bicycling Science. 2nd ed. Cambridge,
through our research and analysis we have Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1983.
designed or at least help clarify the design 6. Gehlot V., Nigam A., Marmat K.
- concept of a pedal-powered non-electric Design and Fabrication of Pedal
washing machine. Hopefully in the near Operated Air Compressor.
future, such helpful tools become a International Journal of Science and
common addition to villages in all the Research (IJSR). 2015 4(1), 637-639p.
countries. 7. Chetana T.V, Ramesh D.
Development of Pedal Operated
REFERENCES Grain Cleaner. International
1. Ranjan A., Sharan K., Mazumdar S. Multidisciplinary Recognized
Pedal Powered Washing Machine Research Journal. 2014, 3(12), 43-
(PPWM). International Journal of 45p.
Scientific & Technology research. 8. www.wikipedia.org
November 2014, 3(11). 9. Images from www.google.co.zw
2. Kirthikumar D.C. A Research on
Multi-Purpose Machine. International Cite as this article : Shreyans S.Chordia, Prajwal
Journal for Technological Research in S.Kalyankar, Siddharth R.Paschapur, Vinayak
M.Ganiger, S.C.Sajjan, & Hanumesh Pujar. (2020).
Engineering. 2013, 1(1), 16-18p. Development of Non-Electric Washing Machine.
3. Bahaley S.G., Awate A.U., Saharkar Research and Reviews: Journal of Mechanics and
Machines, 2(1), 1–7.
S.V. Performance Analysis of Pedal http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3786210
Powered Multipurpose Machine.
International Journal of Engineering

HBRP Publication Page 1-7 2020. All Rights Reserved Page 7

View publication stats