PC2020 Electromagnetics for Electrical Engineers

Tutorial L6 -Question

Q1*
The electric field of a plane wave in free space is given by:

E  x, t   a y 50 cos 108 t  kx  V/m

(i) Find the direction of the wave propagation.

(ii) Calculate the wave number k and the time t1 required for the wave to travel a

distance of /2.
(iii) Sketch the wave at t = 0, T/4, and T/2, where T =1/f is the period of the wave.

Q2*
The E-field of a uniform plane wave propagating in a dielectric nonmagnetic (   0 )

medium is given by

E  z , t   a x 2 cos 108 t  z / 3  (V/m)

(i) Determine the frequency and wavelength of the wave.

(ii) What is the dielectric constant (or relative permittivity) of the medium?
(iii) Find an expression for the corresponding instantaneous H-field.

Q3
A 60-MHz plane wave traveling in the  x direction in dry soil with relative
permittivity  r  4 and relative permeability  r  1 has an electric field polarized

along the z -direction. Assuming dry soil to be approximately lossless, and given that
the magnetic field has a peak value of 10 (mA/m) and that its value was measured to
be 7 (mA/m) at t = 0 and x = −0.75 m, develop complete expressions for the wave’s
electric and magnetic fields.

Q4
An electromagnetic wave with the following instantaneous expression of electric field

1   
E(t )  ( Aa y  a z ) cos  ( y  z )  t 
2  2 
propagates in free space.

(i) Determine the x, y, z components of the wavenumber, k x , k y , k z , respectively.

(ii) What is the wavenumber k? What is the unit vector a k , i.e., the propagation

direction?
(iii) Using the fact that E is perpendicular to ak , determine the value of A.
________________________________
* Questions to be discussed in the class.
(iv) What is the instantaneous expression of the magnetic field, H(t ) ?

For Q1 and Q2, which will be discussed in the tutorial class, the final solutions
are given as follows. The full version of solutions will be distributed in due time.

Q1
(i) Direction of propagation: a x direction

2 /2
(ii)   108 rad/s, k   / c  1/ 3 m,    6 m, t1   31.42 ns.
k c
(iii) The wave has only the y component Ey.
 2 
 
E y  x, t   50 cos 108 t  kx  50 cos t  kx   50 cos 
 T
t  kx 

t  0: E y  50 cos kx
t  T / 4 : E y  50 cos  / 2  kx   50sin kx
t  T / 2 : E y  50 cos   kx   50 cos kx

Sketch the wave as the above equations (the sketch will be given in the
full-version solution.)

Q2
The wave propagates in +z direction.
108
(i)   108 (rad/s)  f   1.59  107 (Hz) ,
2

1 2
k (rad/m)     2 3 (m) .
3 k

2
 ck 
(ii)  r     3 .


(iii) H  z , t  
3
60
 
cos 108 t  z / 3 a y (A/m)

________________________________
* Questions to be discussed in the class.
 PC2020 Electromagnetics for Electrical Engineers
Tutorial L7 -Question

Q1*
A team of scientists is designing a radar as a probe for measuring the depth of the ice
layer over the Antarctic land mass. In order to measure a detectable echo due to the
reflection by the ice-rock boundary, the thickness of the ice sheet should not exceed
three skin depths. If  r  3 ,  r  102 and r  1 for ice and if the maximum

anticipated ice thickness in the area under exploration is 1.2 km, what frequency
range is useable with the radar?

Q2*
The magnetic field of a linearly polarised uniform plane wave propagating in the +y
direction in seawater (  r  80 ,  r  1 and   4 S/m ) is

H ( y  0, t )  a x 0.1sin 1010 t   / 3 .

(i) Determine the attenuation constant, phase constant, intrinsic impedance, phase
velocity, wavelength and skin depth.
(ii) Find the location at which the amplitude of H is 0.01 A/m.
(iii) What are the phasor forms for E-field and H-field?
(iv) Write the expressions for E( y  0.5, t ) and H ( y  0.5, t ) .

Q3
A 1-MHz plane wave propagates in a conductive medium characterized by a
permittivity   80 , a permeability    0 , and a conductivity   4.8  102 S/m .
Determine:
(i) The ratio between the magnitudes of the conduction and displacement current
densities. Comment on the conductive and insulating (dielectric) properties of
this medium.
(ii) The skin depth.

Q4
A uniform plane wave propagates in seawater. The constitutive parameters of seawater
are  r  72 ,  r  1 and   4 S/m. The frequency of the wave is at 5  106 Hz.

(i) Calculate the attenuation constant, intrinsic impedance, phase velocity, wavelength
and skin depth;
(ii) Let the wave propagate in the +z direction and the average power density at z = 0
is equal to 1 W/m2. Find the location (i.e., the value of z) at which the average
power density is 104 W/m2.

________________________________
* Questions to be discussed in the class.
For Q1 and Q2, which will be discussed in the tutorial class, the final solutions
are given as follows. The full version of solutions will be distributed in due time.

Q1.
f  41.6 MHz

Q2.
(i)
  84,   300 ,

  41.65  j 3.7136  41.8 e j 0.0283 ( ) ,

u p   /   33.3 106 (m/s),   2 /   0.67 (cm),   1/   1.19 (cm)

(ii)
y  2.74 (cm)

(iii)
E  y   a z 4.18e y e j  y e j 2.5291 V/m

H  y   a x 0.1e  y e j  y e j 5 / 6 A/m

(iv)
 
E  0.5, t   a z 2.53  1018 sin 1010  t  0.9583 V/m

H (0.5, t )  a x 5.75  1020 sin(1010  t   / 3)A/m

________________________________
* Questions to be discussed in the class.
 PC2020 Electromagnetics for Electrical Engineers
Tutorial L8 - Question

Q1*
A uniform plane wave in air with Ei ( z )  a x 10 e  j 6 z is incident normally on an
interface at z  0 with a medium having a dielectric constant of 2.56 and relative
permeability r  1 . Find the following:

(i) Instantaneous expressions for Er ( z, t ) , H r ( z, t ) , Et ( z, t ) and H t ( z, t ) .

(ii) The expression for the time-average Poynting vectors in air S av1 and in the

dielectric medium S av2 .

Q2*
A uniform plane wave in air is partially reflected from the surface of a lossless
material whose intrinsic impedance  u is unknown. A measurement of the electric

field in front of the interface yields a 1.5 m spacing between successive minima, with
the first minimum occurring 0.75 m from the interface. A standing wave ratio of 5 is
measured. What is  u ?

Q3
A uniform plane wave (Ei , H i ) with a frequency of 3 GHz travels in the +z direction

in a lossless medium with  r1  4 and  r1  1 . The electric field is polarized in the

x-direction. The wave impinges normally on another lossless medium in region 2,

z  0 , where  r 2  9 and  r 2  1 . The amplitude of the incident electric field is 100

V/m. Write phasor expressions for:

(i) E1 and H 1 of the total wave in medium 1.

(ii) E2 and H 2 of the total wave in medium 2.

(iii) Draw the standing wave patterns for the electric and magnetic fields.
Indicate the values and positions (in mm) of maxima and minima in both media.

Q4
(See next page)

________________________________
* Questions to be discussed in the class.
E( z, t )  10cos(t  100 z )a x  20 cos(t  100 z   / 3)a y

For Q1 and Q2, which will be discussed in the tutorial class, the final solutions
are given as follows. The full version of solutions will be distributed in due time.

Q1.
(i)
Er ( z , t )  a x 2.25cos(1.8 109 t  6 z )V/m
H r ( z , t )  a y 0.0060 cos(1.8  109 t  6 z )A/m
Et ( z , t )  a x 7.75cos(1.8  109 t  9.6 z )V/m
H t ( z , t )  a y 0.0325cos(1.8  109 t  9.6 z )A/m

(ii)
S av  0.126a z W/m 2
1
S av  0.126a z W/m 2
2

Q2.
 u  5 0  5  377  1885 Ω

________________________________
* Questions to be discussed in the class.
 PC2020 Electromagnetics for Electrical Engineers
Tutorial L9 Question

Q1*
Consider a coaxial line with a dielectric constant of  r = 2.9 for the material filling

the space between the inner and the outer conductors. The characteristic impedance
of the coaxial line is Z 0 = 75 . The length of the coaxial line is 38 mm. The

operating frequency is at 2 GHz and the line is terminated with a 300 Ω resistor.

(i) Determine the impedance looking into this line.

(ii) Specify the positions of the voltage and current standing-wave maxima on the
coaxial line.

Q2*
Consider the transmission line circuit shown below. Two antennas, each of impedance
Z L 2  Z L 3  73  , are fed with lossless lines from a generator. Determine the average

power delivered to each antenna if Z 02  150  , Z 03  100  .

/8

ZL2=73 
3

02

300  A 3/8
Z

100 V Z01=300 

A' B'
Z 03

ZL3=73 
3
/8

Q3*
In an experiment conducted on a lossless 50  transmission line terminated in an
unknown load impedance, it is found that the standing-wave ratio is 2.0. Successive
voltage minima are 25 cm apart, and the first voltage minimum occurs at a distance of
5 cm from the load. Find (a) the reflection coefficient at the load, and (b) the load
impedance. (c) Where would the first voltage minimum (except the possible one at
the load position) be located if the load were replaced by a short circuit?

Q4
A generator with Vg = 100 V and Zg = 50 Ω is connected to a load ZL = 75 Ω through a
lossless transmission line with Z0 = 50 Ω and length d = 0.15 .
________________________________
* Questions to be discussed in the class.
(a) Compute Zin, the input impedance of the line at the generator end.
(b) Compute Ii and Vi.
(c) Compute the time-average power delivered to the line, Pin.
(d) Compute VL and IL, the time-average power Pg delivered by the generator, the
time-average power PL dissipated in ZL, and the time average power Pint dissipated
in Zg. Is conservation of power satisfied?

Q5
A voltage generator with vg t   5 cos2 109 t  V and internal impedance

Z g  50 Ω is connected to a lossless 50- air-spaced transmission line. The line is

terminated in a load impedance Z L  100  j100 Ω . An input impedance

Z in  12.5  j12.7 Ω is measured at the transmission line terminal at the generator.

(i) Calculate the physical length l of the transmission line, given that l < /2.
(ii) Find an expression for the instantaneous load current, iL(t).

For Q1- Q3, which will be discussed in the tutorial class, the final solutions are
given as follows. The full version of solutions will be distributed in due time.

Q1.
Z L  jZ 0 tan  l 
(i) Z in  Z 0  82.90  j118.01 Ω
Z 0  jZ L tan  l 
 L  n
(ii)  M  maximum voltage locations    44 n (mm), n  0,1,2,
4 2
 m  maximum current locations
 minimum voltage locations
  ( 2n  1)
 L   ( 22  44n ) (mm), n  0,1,2,
4 4
________________________________
* Questions to be discussed in the class.
Q2.
2
PL 2  12 VBB Re 1/ Z in* 2   0.7688 W ,

2
PL 3  12 VBB Re 1/ Z in3
*
  1.3956 W


Q3.

j L 1
(a) L  L e  e  j1.885  0.1030  j 0.3170
3

1  L 1   0.1030  j 0.3170 
(b) Z L  Z0  50   33.7429 - j 24.0682 Ω
1  L 1   0.1030  j 0.3170 

 3 
(c)  m      25 (cm), (the first minimum)
4 4 2

________________________________
* Questions to be discussed in the class.