3Perform-Mensuration-and-Calculation

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
Region I
NCD DRIVING SCHOOL, OPC
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MODULE
Welcome to the Module in Perform mensuration and calculation.

This module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Performing mensuration and calculation”
contains knowledge skills and attitudes required for Driving NC II. It is one of
the specialized modules at National Certificate level (NC II).
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to
complete each outcome of the module. In each learning outcome are
Information Sheets, Job Sheets. Follow these activities on your own and
answer the self check, perform the procedural checklist at the end of each
learning outcome. You may remove a blank answer sheet at the end of each
module (or get one from your facilitator/trainer) to write your answer for each
self-check. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for
assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some of the most of the knowledge and skills
covered in this learner’s guide because you have:
 been working for some time
 Already completed training in this area
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are already competent
in a particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally
recognized so you don’t have to do the same training again. If you have a
qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous training, show it to
your trainer. If the skill you acquired is still current and relevant to the unit/s of
competency they may become part of the evidence you may present to RPL.
If you are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss with your trainer.
At the end of this module is a Learner’s Diary. Use this diary to record
important date, jobs undertaken and other workplace events that will assist
you in providing further details to your trainer or assessor. A Record of
Achievement is also provided for your trainer to complete once you complete
the module.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency, in performing mensuration and calculation. This will be the
source of information for you to acquire knowledge and skill into this particular
trade independently and at your own pace, with minimum supervision or help
from your instructor.
 Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the
Training of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is
divided into sections, which cover all the skills and knowledge
you need to successfully complete this module.
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in
each section. Read information sheets and job sheets and
complete the self check and perform the procedural checklist.
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Suggested references are included to supplement the materials

in this module.
 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or
manager. He/she is there to support you and show you the
correct way to do things.
 Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important
that you listen and take notes.
 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and
practice on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills
during regular work shifts. This way you will improve both your
speed and memory and also your confidence.
 Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.
 Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test
your own progress.
 When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the
activities outline in this module.
 As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on
your progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/pre assessment
reports for this reason. When you have successfully completed
each element, ask your trainer to mark on the reports that you
are ready for assessment.
When you have completed this module (or several modules), and feel
confident that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer will arrange an
appointment with registered assessor to assess you. The result of your
assessment will be recorded in your Competency Achievement Record.
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MODULE CONTENT
DRIVING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM MENSURATION AND

CALCULATION
MODULE TITLE : PERFORMING MENSURATION AND

CALCULATION
MODULE DESCRIPTION : This module covers calculations and

mathematical problems related to automotive
works including tolerances and measurement,
including conversion of two systems of
measurements, selecting measuring
instrument, carry out measurements and
maintaining measuring instruments.
NOMINAL DURATION : 2 hours
CERTIFICATE LEVEL : NC II
PREREQUISITE : none
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the module, the trainees/students should be able

to:
LO 1. Select measuring instrument.
LO 2. Carry out measurement and calculation.
LO 3. Maintain measuring instruments.

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DRIVING NCII
118 Hours
COMMON COMPETENCIES
Contents of this Competency – Based Learning Materials
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
Apply appropriate Applying appropriate

1 ALT723201
sealant/adhesive sealant/adhesive
Move and position Moving and position

2 ALT723202
vehicle vehicle
Performing
Perform mensuration
3 mensuration and ALT311202
and calculation
calculation
Read, interpret and Reading, interpreting and
4 apply specifications and applying specifications ALT723203
manuals and manuals
Use and apply Using and applying

5 ALT723204
lubricant/coolant lubricant/coolant
Perform shop Performing shop

6 ALT723205
maintenance maintenance
LO 1. SELECT MEASURING INSTRUMENT

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Assessment/ Contents Conditions Methodologies Assessment

Criteria Methods
1. Object or 1. Types of 1. 1. Lecture 1. Written and

component to be measuring Equipment/tools oral
measured are instruments and instruments examination
identified its uses.  Precise
measuring
instrument
 Calculator
 Calipers-
Vernier,
micrometer,
bore gauge,
feeler gauge
Steel rule, push
rule
2. Correct 2. Supplies 2. Self-paced 2. Direct
specifications are materials learning observation
obtained from  Pencil
relevant source  Paper
Models of engine
parts/ components
3. Appropriate 3. Instructional 3. Demonstration
measuring Materials
instrument is  Reference
selected as per job books
requirement.  Learning
guides
 Modules
4. Exercises
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Learning Experiences / Activities

Learning Outcome # 1
SELECT MEASURING INSTRUMENT
Learning Activities Special Instructions
 Read Information sheet 1.1 -1 This Learning Outcome deals with the
Types of measuring development of the Institutional
instruments and its uses. Competency Evaluation Tool which
 Answer Self-Check 1. 1 -1 trainers use in evaluating their trainees
after finishing a competency of the
Types of measuring instruments
qualification.
and its uses.
 Compare answer to Answer Go through the learning activities
key 1.1 -1 outlined for you on the left column to
Types of measuring instruments gain the necessary information or
and its uses. knowledge before doing the tasks to
practice on performing the requirements
of the evaluation tool.
The output of this LO is a complete

Institutional Competency Evaluation
Package for one Competency of
DRIVING NCII. Your output shall serve
as one of your portfolio for your
Institutional Competency Evaluation for
Carry out minor vehicle maintenance
and servicing
Feel free to show your outputs to your
trainer as you accomplish them for
guidance and evaluation.
After doing all the activities for this LO1:

Clean vehicle unit, you are ready to
proceed to the next LO2: Maintain and
service the vehicle unit.
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INFORMATION SHEET 3.1-1

Select Measuring Instrument
Learning objective: After reading this Information Sheet, you must be able to
identify different types of Measuring Instruments and know its uses.
Types of Measuring instruments and its uses
1. A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM (Volt-Ohm meter

or Volt-Ohm-milliammeter ), is an electronic measuring instrument that
combines several measurement functions in one unit. A typical
multimeter would include basic features such as the ability to measure
voltage, current, and resistance.
TYPES OF MULTITESTER
Analog multimeters use a microammeter whose pointer moves over a scale

calibrated for all the different measurements that can be made.
Analog multimeters use a microammeter whose pointer moves over a scale
calibrated for all the different measurements that can be made.
Digital multimeters (DMM, DVOM) display the measured value in numerals,

and may also display a bar of a length proportional to the quantity being
measured. Digital multimeters are now far more common but analog
multimeters are still preferable in some cases, for example when monitoring a
rapidly varying value.
Digital multimeters (DMM, DVOM) display the measured value in numerals,
and may also display a bar of a length proportional to the quantity being
measured. Digital multimeters are now far more common but analog
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multimeters are still preferable in some cases, for example when monitoring a
rapidly varying value.
2. A micrometer, sometimes known as a micrometer screw gauge, is a
device incorporating a calibrated screw widely used for accurate
measurement of components[1] in mechanical engineering and
machining as well as most mechanical trades, along with other
metrological instruments such as dial, vernier, and digital calipers.
Micrometers are usually, but not always, in the form of calipers
(opposing ends joined by a frame). The spindle is a very accurately
machined screw and the object to be measured is placed between the
spindle and the anvil. The spindle is moved by turning the ratchet knob
or thimble until the object to be measured is lightly touched by both the
spindle and the anvil.
Modern micrometer with

a reading of 1.640 ± 0.005 mm. Assuming no zero error, this is also the
measurement.
Micrometers are also used in telescopes or microscopes to measure the
apparent diameter of celestial bodies or microscopic objects. The micrometer
used with a telescope was invented about 1638 by William Gascoigne, an
English astronomer.
3. A vernier scale (Vernier Caliper) is a visual aid to take an accurate

measurement reading between two graduation markings on a linear
scale by using mechanical interpolation; thereby increasing resolution
and reducing measurement uncertainty by using Vernier acuity to
reduce human estimation error.
The vernier is a subsidiary scale replacing a single measured-value pointer,

and has for instance ten divisions equal in distance to nine divisions on the
main scale. The interpolated reading is obtained by observing which of the
vernier scale graduations is co-incident with a graduation on the main scale,
which is easier to perceive than visual estimation between two points. Such
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an arrangement can go to higher resolution by using higher scale ratios,

known as the vernier constant. A vernier may be used on circular or straight
scales where a simple linear mechanism is adequate. Examples are calipers
and micrometers to measure to fine tolerances, on sextants for navigation, on
theodolites in surveying, and generally on scientific instruments. The Vernier
principle of interpolation is also used for electronic displacement sensors such
as absolute encoders to measure linear or rotational movement, as part of an
electronic measuring system.
Vernier caliper scales; main at top, vernier at bottom. It reads 3.58 ± 0.02 mm
by adding 3.00 mm (left red mark) on the fixed main scale to vernier 0.58 mm
(right red mark). The main scale reading is that to the left of the zero on the
vernier scale. The vernier reading is found by locating the best aligned lines
between the two scales. The 0.02 mm engraving indicates the caliper's
readability and is the "Vernier constant" for this scale.
4. Dial gauge consisting of a circular graduated dial and a pointer

actuated by a member that contacts with the part being calibrated.
Dial gauges are used for checking flatness of surfaces; parallelism of bar and
rods; and detecting small differences if any in linear measurement of identical
objects. A dial gauge is also used for measuring concentricity of round
objects. ... The commonly used metric dial gauge has an accuracy of 0.01
mm.
https://www.sciencedirect.com › topics
Dial Gauge - an overview | ScienceDirect
How does a dial gauge work?

Working Principle of Gear and Pinion Mechanism in Dial indicator. The
Principle of this gear and pinion is that the movement of the Plunger(spindle)
will be multiplied thru the series of gears and pinions and indicated on the
main scale on the dial by the indicator (Needle).
https://extrudesign.com › dial-indica...
Dial Indicator | Dial Gauge | Types Of Dial
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Plastic gauge
5. Plastic Gauge provides a simple but precise method for the

measurement of clearance between fitted surfaces. It is particularly
useful for measuring clearance in split bearings or in situations where a
feeler gauge cannot be inserted.
· https://www.ms-motorservice.com › ...
Kolbenschmidt Plastic Gauge
How to use plastic gauge to measure clearances?

BY CONTRIBUTOR
Plastic gauge is a proprietary system for measuring clearances between fitted
surfaces of machine parts, such as crankshaft or camshaft bearings. Made
from a special extruded plastic thread with accurately controlled crush
properties, Plastic gauge provides a fast and accurate way to check bearing
clearances.
Step 1
If you are going to measure a crankshaft, assemble the engine together with
the crankshaft installed with the new bearing inserts in the block and main
caps. Make sure all the caps are numbered, in order and installed properly
with the arrows pointing forward. Torque all fasteners and bolts to
specification.
Step 2
Loosen the bolts of the bearing cap that you want to check clearance on.
Remove the bolts and the cap. Wipe the assembly oil off the surface of the
crankshaft where you want to check for clearance, using a clean, lint-free
paper towel or cloth.
Step 3
Tear off a piece of plastigage. Open the paper to remove the plastigage, and
place the plastigage across the surface of crankshaft. Position the plastigage
in the center of the journal surface. Install the bearing cap and torque the bolts
to specification. Remove the bolts and the bearing cap. You will see the
crushed plastigage on the journal.
Using the paper that came with the plastigage, use the scale on the side of
the wrapper to measure the crushed plastigage. Compare your measurement
to the clearance specification. If you are within the specified clearance range,
then you are OK to assemble.
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Tips
You don't need to clean off the plastigage as it will dissolve with engine oil.
Make sure you are using the right range of plastigage for your application
Warning
Too much clearance will mean that your engine will probably be low on oil
pressure. Typical bearing oil clearance is 0.001 to 0.0015, and that's not very
much space.
Items you will need
Torque wrench
6. A straightedge or straight edge is a tool used for drawing straight lines,

or checking their straightness. If it has equally spaced markings along
its length, it is usually called a ruler.
Straightedges are used in the automotive service and machining industry to

check the flatness of machined mating surfaces.
True straightness can in some cases be checked by using a laser line level as
an optical straightedge: it can illuminate an accurately straight line on a flat
surface such as the edge of a plank or shelf.
All About Thickness Gauges - Definition, Sizes, and Uses
Ed Edwards Share:
A material thickness gauge with a digital display
A digital (electronic) material thickness gauge
Image credit: nattanan726image/Shutterstock.com
7. Thickness gauges are measuring instruments that can be used to

determine the thickness or gauge of a material. There are actually
several different types of thickness gauges, each that function in a
slightly different manner depending on the intended application for the
gauge. This article will discuss the common types of thickness gauges
and their uses and will present information about the specifications that
are associated with these types of devices.
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Types of Thickness Gauges
The term thickness gauges has several potential meanings and may refer to
one of these primary types:
a. Material thickness gauges
b. Coating thickness gauges
c. Wire and sheet metal thickness gauges
The first of these gauges measures material thickness by mechanical means

– a calibrated instrument is closed around the sample until contact is made
with both sides of the material – a process akin to that of a micrometer. For
purposes of this article, these gauges will be referred to as material thickness
gauges.
The second type of thickness gauge is designed to measure the thickness of

coatings applied to a surface – these are known as coating thickness gauges.
The third type of thickness gauge is a simpler mechanical device that is used
for measuring wire and sheet metal thickness.
Some characterizations of thickness gauges may include tools such as feeler

gauges or clearance gauges in the mix. These devices are more associated
with measuring the clearance or gap between two surfaces rather than the
thickness of a material or applied coating.
Ref. thomasnet.com
8. A Torque Gauge is measuring instrument used across all industries to

measure the torque or torsion during a test. Applications exist in
research and development, laboratory, quality, production and field
environment. There are two kind of force gauges today: mechanical
and digital torque gauges.
digital torque gauge is basically a handheld instrument that contains a torque

sensor or transducer, electronic part, software and a display. A torque sensor
is an electronic device that is used to convert a torque into an electrical signal.
Through a mechanical arrangement, the torque being sensed deforms a strain
gauge. The strain gauge converts the deformation (strain) to electrical signals.
The software and electronics of the torque gauge converts the voltage of the
torque transducer into a torque value that is displayed on the instrument.
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Test units of torque measurements are most commonly newton. Meter (Nm)
or pounds. Inch(lbin). The peak torque is the most common result in torque
testing applications. It is used to determine if a part is good or not. Some
examples of torque measurement: screw torque, cap, motor... but most
complicated tests can be performed like dynamic torque, ...
Ref. andilog.com
9. SMALL HOLE GAUGE

- A small-hole gauge is a measuring tool with a round expandable head
that is used together with an outside micrometer to measure the inside
of small holes. Parts, such as valve guides, have very small holes.
These holes are too small to use an inside micrometer or
telescoping gauge.
- A small-hole gauge is a measuring tool with a round expandable head
that is used together with an outside micrometer to measure the inside
of small holes. Parts, such as valve guides, have very small holes.
These holes are too small to use an inside
micrometer or telescoping gauge.
10. TELESCOPIC GAUGE

- A telescopic gauge is a hand-held measuring device which has
retractable rods to provide a precise measurement. It is used by
mechanics to measure the size of a bore in an engine. A bore refers to
the diameter measurement of the cylinder where the pistons are
positioned.
- Telescopic gauges are used to measure the internal diameter of a
bore, hole or groove up to 150mm (6″) in diameter, for example
camshaft bearings or connecting rod bore bearings. They are
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primarily used by mechanics measuring the bore size of a crankcase

in an engine where the pistons move up and down.
Telescopic Gauge Parts
11. TRY SQUARE

- A try- square is a woodworking tool used for marking and measuring a
square piece of wood. The square refers to the tool's primary use of
measuring the accuracy of a right angle; to try a surface is to check its
straightness or correspondence to an adjoining surface.
- The square refers to the tool's primary use of measuring the accuracy
of a right angle (90-degree angle); to try a surface is to check its
straightness or correspondence to an adjoining surface. "Try square"
is so called because it is used to "try" the squareness. ... Some blades
also have graduations for measurement.
There are two main types of machinist squares: the precision steel square,
which resembles the try square in the Figure but is not graduated, and the
combination square set.
1. A combination square is a tool used for multiple purposes in
woodworking, stonemasonry and metalworking. It is composed of a
ruler and one or more interchangeable heads that may be affixed to it.
The most common head is the standard or square head which is used
to lay out or check right and 45° angles.
2. The steel square is often called the carpenter's square or
framing square. The steel square is used in measuring boards, testing
corners, and setting the bevel of boards and tools to various angles. It
is made of steel, having two flat blades at right angles to each other
and having measuring scales on every edge.
12. PROTRACTOR
- a measuring instrument, typically made of transparent plastic or glass,
for measuring angles. Most protractors measure angles in degrees.
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Radian-scale protractors measure angles in radians. Most protractors

are divided into 180 equal parts.
- Protractor works in conjunction with Selenium to provide an
automated test infrastructure that can simulate a user's interaction with
an Angular application running in a browser or mobile device.
13. COMBINATION GAUGE

- The combination gauge is used to mark parallel lines lightly on the
surface of wood. The twin pin side can be used to mark out the width
and position for a mortise and tenon joint. ... The combination
gauge is very important in creating accurate joint
The combination gauge is a mixture of 2 traditional gauge types:
 The Marking Gauge (this has one pin for marking a single distance line
parallel to an edge)
 The Mortise Gauge (this has two pins used to layout two parallel lines
at once. One of the pins is fixed in the stem while the second pin is
adjustable)
Parts of the Combination Gauge
14. STEEL RULE

- A steel rule is the simplest and most common measuring tool. The
flat steel rule is usually 6 or 12 inches long, but longer sizes are
available. Steel rules can be flexible or nonflexible, thin or wide. The
thinner the rule, the more accurately it measures, because the division
marks are closer to the work.
Steel rule Measurement

With the technical advances being made, most people are inclined to think
that complex electrical measuring equipment is needed to inspect parts
made by the machinist or toolmaker. Although this is true in some cases,
the majority of the parts that are made do not require this sophisticated
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equipment.
One tool that is very common in the
machine shop area that is not a high
precision measuring tool is the steel
Figure 1
rule (Figure 1).
The rigid six-inch rule is a common measuring tool found in the machine
shop. The rule is a strip of metal graduated in inches and fractions of an
inch to give actual measurements.
When tolerances of fractional dimensions are required, the steel rule is
used. The most commonly used steel rule is the 6" rule. Although rules
come in 6-inch increments (Example: 6", 12", 18", 24", and 36" lengths), the
6-inch rule is the most popular because it fits into the apron pocket easily. It
also comes in various widths and thicknesses to meet varying requirements,
as will be seen in the slide series.
Rules vs. Scales

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represents another imaginary (smaller or

larger) linear distance. For example, on an
architect's scale (Figure 2), one inch of
The next set
measured of graduations
distance may represent one foot of
is the linear
actual 1/32"distance.
scale, which
When this principle is
divides a 1-inch length
in operation, a "key" should into indicate the ratio
32 divisions. A 1/32 division
of measured distance to actual distance or
is equal
"scale" thattois 2/64
beingdivisions
used. Figure 2: Architectural Scale
(Figure 4).
Figure 4
Increment divisions
There are four basic divisions that are found on a fractional inch rule. These
are: 1/64, 1/32, 1/16 and 1/8 of an inch.
The 1/16" scale divides a 1-
inch length into 16 divisions
and is a total of 4/64 or
2/32 graduations (Figure 5).
Figure 5
The
These1/8"are
scale
the divides
smallesta graduations
1- on the rule, therefore making the
inch length into 8 equal
accuracy of a steel rule 1/64". This is sometimes argued by some of the
divisions and who
metal workers is asay
total ofcan measure to within ±.003 with the rule. They
they
8/64, 4/32, or 2/16
are right for they have worked with it a long time and have become masters
graduations
at reading the(Figure 6).
graduations. However, the rule is only intended to measure to
Figure 6
1/64" accuracy, and other instruments are used to measure to closer
tolerances.
As you can see, a combination of two or more of the various graduations

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will make up a larger graduation. The same holds true with graduations
larger than 1/8". Any combination of the four different sized graduations will
give a reading up to the 1-inch length. Figure 7 is a decimal equivalent chart
that shows all the various fractions possible in one inch.
Figure 7
As can be seen on the chart, 3/8" is only given as 3/8". It is not 24/64",
6/16", or 12/32". Any of these fractions does equal 3/8", but it is reduced to
its lowest terms. Another example would be 7/16". This could be given as
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To get the full accuracy

out of a rule, it is
important to use it
correctly. Never use the
end of the rule to align
with the edge of the work
Figure 8
for a measurement
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When measuring a length, the rule must be kept in a straight line parallel to
the centerline of the work. If it is tilted, the measurement will be longer than
the actual part. See Figure 10.
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is an observation error from the person measuring or holding at the part in

relation to the part being held.
Incorrect Correct
(Rule Lying Flat) (Rule Standing on Edge)
Figure 11
In Figure 11, the drawing on the left shows an incorrect way of measuring,
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Self check
Multiple choice
Direction: Encircle the correct answer.
1. It also known as a VOM (Volt-Ohm meter or Volt-Ohm-milliammeter ),

is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several
measurement functions in one unit?
a. Multi-tester
b. Multi-limiter
c. Multi-speedmeter
d. Multi-multi
2. It use a microammeter whose pointer moves over a scale calibrated for
all the different measurements that can be made?
a. Muti-tester
b. Analog multi-tester
c. Digital multi-tester
d. testlamp
3. its display the measured value in numerals, and may also display a bar
of a length proportional to the quantity being measured. Digital
multimeters are now far more common but analog multimeters are still
preferable in some cases, for example when monitoring a rapidly
varying value?
a. Muti-tester
d. testlamp
4. Is a tool used for multiple purposes in woodworking, stonemasonry and
metalworking. It is composed of a ruler and one or more
interchangeable heads that may be affixed to it?
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a. Muti-tester
d. Combination square
5. is the simplest and most common measuring tool?
a. Muti-tester
d. Steel rule
ANSWER KEY
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. D
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LO 2. Carry out measurement and calculation.

Assessment/ Contents Conditions Methodologies Assessment
Criteria Methods
1. Measuring tools 1. Basic 1. Equipment / 1. Self-paced 1. Written
are selected in line mathematics tools instruments learning and oral
with job  Calculator examination
requirements.  Steel rule,
push rule
Precise measuring
instrument -Vernier
Caliper,
micrometer, bore
gauge, feeler
gauge
2. Accurate 2. Conversion of 2. Supplies 2. Demonstration 2. Direct
measurements are units of materials observation
obtained measurement  Pencil
from English-  Paper
metric and vice Engine parts/
versa components
3. Appropriate 3. Calibrating and 3. Instructional 3. Exercises
measuring using testing Materials
instrument is instruments.  Reference
selected as per job books
requirement.  Learning
guides
 Modules
4. Calculations 4. Solving
needed to complete problems using
work/task are formulas.
performed using the
four-fundamental
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operation of
mathematics.
5. Finding areas of
different
geometrical figures

Carry out measurement and calculation.
 Read Information sheet 3.2-1 This Learning Outcome deals with the
Basic mathematics development of the Institutional
 Answer Self-Check 3. 2 -1 Competency Evaluation Tool which
Basic mathematics trainers use in evaluating their trainees
 Compare answer to Answer
qualification.
key 3.2 -1
Basic mathematics Go through the learning activities
 Read Information Sheet 3.2 -2 outlined for you on the left column to
Conversion of units of gain the necessary information or
measurement from English- knowledge before doing the tasks to
metric and vice versa practice on performing the requirements
 Answer Self-Check 3.2 -2 of the evaluation tool.
 Conversion of units of
The output of this LO is a complete
measurement from English-
Institutional Competency Evaluation
metric and vice versa
Package for one Competency of
 Compare answer to Answer DRIVING NCII. Your output shall serve
Key 3.2 -2 as one of your portfolio for your
Conversion of units of Institutional Competency Evaluation for
Carry out minor vehicle maintenance
measurement from English-metric
and servicing
and vice versa Feel free to show your outputs to your
 Read Information sheet 3.2 -3 trainer as you accomplish them for
Calibrating and using testing guidance and evaluation.
instruments.
 Answer Self-check 3.2 -3 After doing all the activities for this LO1:
Calibrating and using testing Clean vehicle unit, you are ready to
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instruments. proceed to the next LO2: Maintain and

 Compare answer to Answer service the vehicle unit.
Key 3,2 -3
Calibrating and using testing
instruments.
 Read Information Sheet 3.2 -4
Solving problems using
formulas.
 Answer Self-Check 3.2 -4
formulas.
Key 3.2 -4
formulas.
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Basic Mathematics
Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the student/

trainee should be able to;
1. Define what mathematics is.
2. Identify the different arithmetic operations.
3. Perform basic mathematical problems.
MATHEMATICS
It is the systematic study of magnitude, quantities, and their
relationships as expressed symbolically in the form of numerals and forms.
Comparison of mathematics in the workplace with mathematics in the

classroom reveals a disjuncture that is disconcerting to anyone who believes
that a primary purpose of school is to prepare students for work. School
mathematics lives in decontextualized ether, employing data that are without
blemish and language that is devoid of ambiguity. In contrast, real problems
are embedded in concrete tasks, use data that are often ill-defined or
inaccurate, and rely on language that is often imprecise and misleading. In the
world of work, mathematics is collaborative rather than individualistic;
accuracy is defined by the situation rather than given by the textbook; and
mathematical processes are used rather than studied. The new challenge is
to seek common ground among these very different traditions--of
mathematics for and from the workplace and of mathematics as preparation
for further study.
One resolution of the dilemma of tracking would be a common mathematics
program that could serve equally well as preparation both for college and for
skilled work. All students could benefit from the broadening effects of such a
high school preparation, yet there are currently few good models of curricula
that serve both agendas. Another approach would be to develop a new form
of vocational and technical education, with status equal to the academic track,
that would simultaneously prepare students for the world of work and for
further study in post-secondary institutions. U.S. educators who are
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concerned about vocational education debate both the desirability and

feasibility of such a "separate but equal" track.
Arithmetic
Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the Greek word ἀριθμός = number) is the
oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics, used by almost
everyone, for tasks ranging from simple day-to-day counting to advanced
science and business calculations. It involves the study of quantity, especially
as the result of combining numbers.
Arithmetic operations
The basic arithmetic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division. Any set of objects upon which all four arithmetic operations (except
division by zero) can be performed, and where these four operations obey the
usual laws, is called a field.
Addition (+)
Addition is the basic operation of arithmetic. In its simplest form, addition
combines two numbers, the addends or terms, into a single number, the sum
of the numbers.
1+3=4
Adding more than two numbers can be viewed as repeated addition; this
procedure is known as summation and includes ways to add infinitely many
numbers in an infinite series; repeated addition of the number one is the most
basic form of counting.
Subtraction (−)
Subtraction is the opposite of addition. Subtraction finds the difference
between two numbers, the minuend minus the subtrahend. If the minuend is
larger than the subtrahend, the difference is positive; if the minuend is smaller
than the subtrahend, the difference is negative; if they are equal, the
difference is zero.
17 – 9 = 6
Subtraction is neither commutative nor associative. For that reason, it is often
helpful to look at subtraction as addition of the minuend and the opposite of
the subtrahend, that is a − b = a + (−b). When written as a sum, all the
properties of addition hold.
Multiplication (× or ·)
Multiplication is the second basic operation of arithmetic. Multiplication also
combines two numbers into a single number, the product. The two original
numbers are called the multiplier and the multiplicand, sometimes both simply
called factors.
4 × 4 = 16
Multiplication is best viewed as a scaling operation. If the real numbers are
imagined as lying in a line, multiplication by a number, say x, greater than 1 is
the same as stretching everything away from zero uniformly, in such a way
that the number 1 itself is stretched to where x was. Similarly, multiplying by a
number less than 1 can be imagined as squeezing towards zero. (Again, in
such a way that 1 goes to the multiplicand.)
Multiplication is commutative and associative; further it is distributive over
addition and subtraction. The multiplicative identity is 1, that is, multiplying any
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number by 1 yields that same number. Also, the multiplicative inverse is the
reciprocal of any number (except zero; zero is the only number without a
multiplicative inverse), that is, multiplying the reciprocal of any number by the
number itself yields the multiplicative identity.
The product of a and b is written as a × b or a • b. When a or b are
expressions not written simply with digits, it is also written by simple
juxtaposition: ab. In computer programming languages and software
packages in which one can only use characters normally found on a
keyboard, it is often written with an asterisk: a * b.
Division (÷ or /)
Division is essentially the opposite of multiplication. Division finds the quotient
of two numbers, the dividend divided by the divisor. Any dividend divided by
zero is undefined. For positive numbers, if the dividend is larger than the
divisor, the quotient is greater than one, otherwise it is less than one (a similar
rule applies for negative numbers). The quotient multiplied by the divisor
always yields the dividend.
Division is neither commutative nor associative. As it is helpful to look at
subtraction as addition, it is helpful to look at division as multiplication of the
dividend times the reciprocal of the divisor, that is a ÷ b = a × 1/b. When written
as a product, it obeys all the properties of multiplication.
Rounding
When we round decimals to a certain number of decimal places we are
replacing the figure we have with the one that is closest to it with that number
of decimal places.
An example: Round 1.25687 to 2 decimal places
1. Firstly look at the decimal place after the one you want to round to (in our
example this would be the third decimal place)
2. If the number in the next decimal place is a 6,7,8 or 9, then you will be
rounding up, so you add 1 to the number in the place you are interested in
and you have rounded. In our example the number in the third place is a 6 so
we round up. We change the 5 in the second place to a 6 and our rounded
number is 1.26
3. If the number in the place after the one we are interested in is a 0,1,2,3 or 4
we round down, i.e. we just write the number out as it is to the required
number of places.
4. If the number in the place after the one we are interested in is a 5, then we
need to look at what follows it. Cover the number from the beginning to the
place you are interested in, for example, suppose we are rounding 2.47568 to
three decimal places we look at just the 568 and we ask is that closer to 500
or
600. Since it’s closer to 600 we get a rounded number of 2.476
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5. If only a 5 follows the place we are interested in then di fferent disciplines

have different conventions for the rounding. You can either round up or down
since 5 is exactly half way between 0 and 10.
Percentages
Percentages are fractions with a denominator of 100. Often there will not be
100 things or 100 people out of which to express a fraction or a percentage.
When this is the case you will need to find an equivalent fraction out of 100 by
multiplying by 100% which is the same as multiplying by 1.
SELF-CHECK 1.3-1
Test 1. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the correct answer from the
given choices:
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_______1. It is the systematic study of magnitude, quantities, and their

relationships as expressed symbolically in the form of numerals and forms.
a. Arithmetic
b. Mathematics
c. Subtraction
_______2. It is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics, used

by almost everyone, for tasks ranging from simple day-to-day counting to
advanced science and business calculations.
a. Arithmetic
b. Mathematics
c. Subtraction
_______3. Is a fraction with a denominator of 100?

a. Arithmetic
b. Mathematics
c. Percentage
_______4. It is essentially the opposite of multiplication. It finds the quotient of

two numbers, the dividend divided by the divisor.
a. Addition
b. Division
c. Subtraction
_______5. It is the second basic operation of arithmetic. It also combines two

numbers into a single number, which is called the product.
a. Multiplication
b. Division
c. Subtraction
6. It is the opposite of addition. It finds the difference between two numbers,

the minuend minus the subtrahend.
a. Multiplication
b. Division
c. Subtraction
7. It is the basic operation of arithmetic. It combines two numbers, the
addends or terms, into a single number, the sum of the numbers.
a. Multiplication
b. Addition
c. Subtraction
8. 2,462 is the sum of?
a. 1,021 + 1,441
b. 1,022 + 1,442
c. 1,021 + 1,442
9. Round 19,574 to the nearest ten.
a. 19, 580
b. 19, 570
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c. 19, 560
10. Round 29, 574 to the nearest thousand.
a. 29,000
b. 30,000
c. 29,500
SELF CHECK ANSWER KEY 1.3-1
1. b
2. a
3. c
4. b
5. a
6. c
7. b
8. a
9. b
10. b
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INFORMATION SHEET 3.2-2a

Conversion of units of measurement from English-metric and vice versa
Learning Objective:
Metric system
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
The International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sèvres, France. The

home of the international metric system.
The metric system is a system of measurement with length based on
the meter, with mass or weight on the gram, and with capacity (volume) based
on the liter.[1] This system is used around the world. It was developed
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in France and first introduced there in 1791, 2 years before the beheading
of King Louis XVI. The metric units are based on decimal groups (multiples
of ten). At first the metric system was based on two quantities: length and
weight. The basic units were called the metre and the gramme.
In 1866 the United States started to use the metric system, but it still is not the
main US system of measurement.[2] By 1875 many countries in Europe and
in Latin America had changed to using the metric system. In 1875 seventeen
countries signed the Metre Convention agreeing to share responsibility for
defining and managing the metre and kilogram standards.[a] The
prototype[b] copies of the metre and of the kilogram were called the
"international prototype metre" and "international prototype kilogram". A new
organization called the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM)
was set up. The international prototype metre and kilogram were kept at the
BIPM headquarters. In 1960 the rules for the metric system were revised. The
revised system was called the "International System of Units" (which is often
written "SI" for short). The definition of SI also included rules for writing
SI quantities. These rules are the same for all languages. In the 1970s many
people in the United Kingdom and the rest of the Commonwealth started
using the metric system at their places of work.
Conversion Table (Millimeters to Inches)

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Conversion Table (Inches to Centimeters)

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Conversion Table (Meters to Feet)
INFORMATION SHEET 3.2-2b

CALCULATION
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Volume: the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is

enclosed within a container, especially when great. The volume of a shape is
the measure of how much three-dimensional space that shape takes up.
[1] You can also think of the volume of a shape as how much water (or air, or
sand, etc.) the shape could hold if it was filled completely. Common units of
volume include cubic centimeters (cm3), cubic meters (m3), cubic inches (in3),
and cubic feet (ft3).
Area: the extent or measurement of a surface or piece of land. As for the

formula in getting the area, lets take this for example, To find the area of a
rectangle, multiply the length by the width. The formula is:
A = L * W where A is the area, L is the length, W is the width, and * means

multiply. To find the area of a square, multiply the length of one side by itself.
The formula is:
square or area_square_form2.gif where A is the area, s is the length of a side,

and · means multiply.
Displacement: the amount by which a thing is moved from its normal
position.
Displacement is an object's change in position, only measuring from its
starting position to the final position. For measuring the displacement,
The official formula is as follows:
s = sf – si
s = displacement
si = initial position
sf = final position
Inside Diameter: The inside diameter (ID) of a hollow circular object, like a
pipe, is a measurement of the distance of a straight line from one point on the
inner wall of the object, through its center, to an opposite point also on the
inside. The inside diameter is dependent on the outside diameter of the object
and its wall thickness.
Inside diameter is also known as inner diameter or internal diameter.
Circumference:the enclosing boundary of a curved geometric figure,

especially a circle.
The formula is simply this: C = πd. In this equation, "C" represents the
circumference of the circle, and "d" represents its diameter. That is to say, you
can find the circumference of a circle just by multiplying the diameter by pi.
Plugging π into your calculator will give you its numerical value, which is a
closer approximation of 3.14 or 22/7.[1]
Practice Problem: Find the area and circumference of a circle with a diameter
of 4 inches.
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Solution: One of the first rules of solving these types of problems involving
circles is to carefully note whether we are dealing with the radius or the
diameter. In this problem, the circle is described using the diameter, which is
4 inches. The radius is thus 2 inches. Let's now calculate the area A and
circumference C using the formulas given above.
A = πr2 = π(2 in)2 ≈ (3.14)(4 in2) =12.56 in2
C = πd = π(4 in) ≈ (3.14) (4 in) = 12.56 in
Coincidentally, the area and circumference have the same numerical values
(but not the same units!). This is not generally the case, of course.
Let's take a look at the characteristics of other parts of a circle. For instance,
now that we know how to calculate the circumference of a circle, we can also
calculate the length of an arc (which is simply a portion of the circumference).
An angle α defined by two radii subtends an arc. Let's take a look at several
examples, from which we can identify a pattern. The arc K in each case is
shown as a bold curve. The circumference of the circle is C.
The expressions under each example can

be derived by inspection. We know that if the angle α is 90° (one-quarter of
the full 360° of the circle), then the subtended arc is one-quarter of the
circumference. The same reasoning applies to determining the arc
length K for the other two cases as well. Thus, we can see that the arc length
is related to the circumference as the angle α is related to 360°. But this is
simply a ratio that we can write as follows.
By cross multiplying, we obtain the formula above for the arc length K in terms
of the circumference C and the subtending angle α. We can use the same
type of reasoning to determine the area of a sector S. Again, note the
examples shown below, where S is a shaded area, and the circle has area A.
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Thus, the area of sector S is related to the

area A according to the ratio of α to 360°. We can once again derive a
formula.
Length: the measurement or extent of something from end to end; the greater
of two or the greatest of three dimensions of a body.
Thickness: the distance between opposite sides of something

-a broad or deep part of a specified thing.
-the state or quality of being thick
Outside Diameter: The outer diameter (OD) of a hollow circular object, such
as a pipe, is a measurement of the distance of a straight line from one point
on the outer wall of the object, through its center, to an opposite point also on
the outside. The outer diameter of a pipe, together with its wall thickness, are
essential to inside diameter calculations.
Outer diameter is also known as outside diameter or external diameter.
Taper:diminish or reduce in thickness toward one end.
Out of roundness: Deviation of the circumference from a circle.

This can be an ovalization, i.e. an elliptic cross-section, or a local out-of-
roundness, e.g. flattening. The numerical definition of out-of-roundness and
ovalization is the same
It is the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters of the bar
or tube, measured in the same crosssection, and not including surface finish
tolerances outlined in 8.1.4.
Oil clearance:Space between the main bearing and crankshaft journal,

usually 0.0001 to 0.003 inch (0.025 to 0.076 mm), for lubricating oil to
circulate.
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End play/thrust clearance:The end play allows room for the formation of an
oil film, misalignment, and thermal expansion of the bearing components. End
play is the total distance the shaft can move between the two thrust bearings
and is sometimes called float, thrust bearing clearance or axial clearance.
Solving Problems Using Formula
Solving A Perimeter Problem

1. The perimeter of a rectangular outdoor patio is 54 ft. The length is 3 ft.
greater than the width. What are the dimensions of the patio?
Solutions:
The perimeter formula is standard: P=2L+2W. We have two unknown

quantities, length and width. However, we can write the length in terms of the
width as L=W+3. Substitute the perimeter value and the expression for length
into the formula.
It is often helpful to make a sketch and label the sides as shown below.
Now we can solve for the width and then calculate the length.
P = 2L+2W
54 = 2(W+3)+2W
54 = 2W+6+2W
54 = 4W+6
48 = 4W
12 = W
(12+3) = L
15 = L
The dimensions are L=15 ft and W=12 ft.
Solving an Area Problem

2. The perimeter of a tablet of graph paper is 48 in2. The length is 66 in.
more than the width. Find the area of the graph paper.
Solutions:
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The standard formula for area is A=LW; however, we will solve the problem
using the perimeter formula. The reason we use the perimeter formula is
because we know enough information about the perimeter that the formula
will allow us to solve for one of the unknowns. As both perimeter and area use
length and width as dimensions, they are often used together to solve a
problem such as this one.
We know that the length is 6 in. more than the width, so we can write length
as L=W+6. Substitute the value of the perimeter and the expression for length
into the perimeter formula and find the length.
P=2L+2W
48=2(W+6)+2W
48=2W+12+2W
48=4W+12
36=4W
9=W
(9+6)=L
15=L
Now, we find the area given the dimensions of L=15 in. and W=9 in.
in2A=LWA=15(9)=135 in2
The area is 135 in2.
SELF CHECK
Multiple Choice

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1. It is the measurement or extent of something from end to end; the

greater of two or the greatest of three dimensions of a body?
a. Length
b. Wide
c. Height
d. Volume
2. It is the distance between opposite sides of something?
a. Thickness
b. Wide
c. Height
d. Volume
3. It diminish or reduce in thickness toward one end?
a. Taper
b. Thickness
c. Wide
d. Volume
4. Deviation of the circumference from a circle?
a. Out of roundness
b. Thickness
c. Volume
d. Wide
5. It is the enclosing boundary of a curved geometric figure, especially a
circle?
a. Circumference
b. Out of roundness
c. Volume
d. Wide
ANSWER KEY
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
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5. A
LO 3. MAINTAIN MEASURING INSTRUMENT
Assessment/ Contents Conditions Methodologie Assessment

Criteria s Methods
1. Measuring 1.Handling and 1. Equipment/tools 1. Lectures 1. Written
instruments are caring of instruments examination
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cleaned before and measuring  Computer

after using. instruments.  VHS player
 OHP
 Vernier Caliper,
micrometer, bore
gauge, feeler
gauge
 Steel rule, push
rule
2. Measuring 2. Calibrating 2. Supplies materials 2. Self-paced 2. Direct

instruments are kept measuring  Pencil learning observation
in safe dry place. instrument.  Paper
Engine parts
3. Proper 3. Safe handling 3. Instructional 3. 3. Oral
techniques in using and procedures in Materials Demonstration Examination
precise instrument using measuring  Reference
according to instruments. books
manufacturer’s  Learning guides
standards  Modules
 CD’s VHS
tapes,
Transparencies
4. Proper handlings 4. Storing of 4. Simulation

of measuring measuring
instruments are instruments.
observed in
accordance with
industry standards

MAINTAIN MEASURING INSTRUMENT
 Read Information sheet 3.3 -1 This Learning Outcome deals with the
development of the Institutional
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Handling and caring of measuring Competency Evaluation Tool which

instruments. trainers use in evaluating their trainees
 Answer Self-Check 3. 3 -1 qualification.
 Handling and caring of
measuring instruments. Go through the learning activities
outlined for you on the left column to
gain the necessary information or
key 3.3 -1 knowledge before doing the tasks to
 Handling and caring of practice on performing the requirements
measuring instruments. of the evaluation tool.
 Calibrating measuring The output of this LO is a complete
instrument. Institutional Competency Evaluation
 Answer Self-Check 3.3 -2 Package for one Competency of
DRIVING NCII. Your output shall serve
 Calibrating measuring
as one of your portfolio for your
instrument. Institutional Competency Evaluation for
 Compare answer to Answer Carry out minor vehicle maintenance
Key 3.3 -2 and servicing
 Calibrating measuring Feel free to show your outputs to your
instrument. trainer as you accomplish them for
 Read Information sheet 3.3 -3 guidance and evaluation.
 Safe handling and procedures
in using measuring instruments.
After doing all the activities for this LO1:
 Answer Self-check 3.3 -3
Clean vehicle unit, you are ready to
 Safe handling and procedures proceed to the next LO2: Maintain and
in using measuring instruments. service the vehicle unit.
Key 3,3 -3
 Safe handling and procedures
in using measuring instruments.
 Storing of measuring
instruments.
 Answer Self-Check 3.3 -4
Storing of measuring
instruments.
Key 3.3 -4
Storing of measuring
instruments.
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Caring and Handling Measuring Instruments
Learning Objective: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you will be

able to learn on how to properly
maintain different Measuring Instruments.
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Measuring instrument should always be in a good condition in order to

maintain its accuracy of results. Either it is small or big, old or new, and cheap
or expensive.
PROPER HANDLING OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

Every measuring tools and devices has its own proper maintenance and
handling guidelines as provided in its user manual. The content of measuring
equipment guidelines should always be followed to have an accurate result.
The following items are the basic safe handling methods for measuring
instruments:
 Always clean the measuring equipment before and after its usage.
 Perform calibration regularly to confirm if its result is still within the
international standard.
 Provide designated area for all measuring equipment wherein visual
control is observed.
 Always follow the guidelines on how to use measuring equipment
properly.
 Provide working instruction on how to check it on a daily basis. Use
check sheets.
 Use only appropriate measuring equipment for the specific parts to be
measured.
 Segregate and dispose defective measuring instruments to avoid
wrong usage.
 Contact the maker of measuring equipment if major problem was
occurred on the said instrument.
 Always follow and implement 5S in the working area.
It is very important to maintain the accuracy of measuring instrument in order
to obtain reliable results and avoid possible rejects as well as to prevent
accidents.
CALIBRATING MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

- The main reasons for calibration are to ensure the reliability of
the instrument, that it can be trusted. To determine the accuracy of
the instrument and to ensure the readings are consistent with other
measurements.
What is calibration?
- Calibration is a comparison between a known measurement (the

standard) and the measurement using your instrument. Typically, the
accuracy of the standard should be ten times the accuracy of the
measuring device being tested. However, accuracy ratio of 3:1 is
acceptable by most standards organizations.
- Calibration of your measuring instruments has two objectives. It checks
the accuracy of the instrument and it determines the traceability of the
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measurement. In practice, calibration also includes repair of the device

if it is out of calibration. A report is provided by the calibration expert,
which shows the error in measurements with the measuring device
before and after the calibration.
To explain how calibration is performed
- we can use an external micrometer as an example. Here, accuracy of
the scale is the main parameter for calibration. In addition, these
instruments are also calibrated for zero error in the fully closed position
and flatness and parallelism of the measuring surfaces. For the
calibration of the scale, a calibrated slip gauge is used. A calibrated
optical flat is used to check the flatness and parallelism.
Reliability is a unifying feature of all good science. Reliable science ensures

accuracy, reproducibility, and consistency across different conditions. At the
most basic level, your science is only as good as the tools you use. Your
measuring instruments are the key to creating the highest quality products,
analyses, or results. Therefore, keeping your measuring instruments in good
condition is crucial. Measuring instruments should be cleaned, maintained,
and regularly calibrated.
When calibration goes unchecked for long periods of time, you can burden
yourself with hidden costs from inaccurate or unreliable readings. Here, we
outline some useful calibration procedures for measuring instruments to keep
your lab and the instruments in it functioning at their best.
Identify measuring instruments that should be calibrated

A measuring instrument is any tool that weighs, counts, or measures
quantitative characteristics of a sample. This can range from balances and
scales to pipettors or pH meters. These tools must be regularly assessed with
calibration to make sure they’re measuring accurately. How do you know if
your measuring tool should be calibrated?
 Check the recommendations from the manufacturer. Most
manufacturers recommend regular calibration either by a trained user
or by their own technical assistance professionals.
 Always calibrate measuring instruments after any kind of
mechanical shock or damage. Make sure such shocks are reported
promptly, even if there is no visible evidence of damage, so you can
identify any inaccuracies before they become a problem. Calibration
will help identify when a repair is needed.
 Set a regular, periodical calibration schedule for all of your
instruments to keep them functioning at their best.
Decide how to calibrate your instruments

As mentioned above, a trained user in your lab can calibrate some measuring
instruments, while others require a visit from the manufacturer’s technical
assistance professionals. Read manuals and manufacturer recommendations
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and decide on the right calibration procedures for each measuring instrument
in your lab.
If you choose to calibrate in-house, be sure that you have the right standards
for an accurate calibration. Often times, the standard used to calibrate should
be 3- to 10-fold more accurate than instrument being tested. For example,
balances will need standardized weights and pH meters need
standardized buffer solutions. If you have any questions about calibration
procedures, always refer to the manual rather than troubleshooting on your
own.
Understand the importance of ‘traceability’
Traceability is the most important goal of measurements in a lab. Traceability
of measurements is about being able to translate results across equipment,
people, and areas. It means being able to repeat a measurement of the same
sample in different labs using different equipment and getting the same result.
Traceability of your measurements can be ensured in your lab through with
these three considerations:
 Have a clear and appropriate procedure for how the unit is
measured. This procedure should be recognized and conform to
industry standards.
 Employ a well-trained staff that use and understand the
instrument. They should appreciate the importance of accuracy to
produce quality results. In particular, if your staff will be the ones
performing in-house calibrations, their ability to interpret results is
critical.
 Use calibrated instruments. The accuracy of all measuring
instruments degrade over time. This is can be caused by a number of
factors including hazardous manufacturing environment and everyday
wear and tear. The bottom line is that, calibration greatly improves the
accuracy of the measuring instrument.
Generation of traceable measurements ensures that the output of your lab is
in line with industry standards.
Understand what calibration can do for you
A calibrated instrument will not only help you produce high quality, reliable,
traceable results, but will also save you money. Regular calibration can
identify when an instrument is in need of adjustment or repair.
There are many hidden costs associated instruments that are un-calibrated or
poorly calibrated. An un-calibrated instrument can continue giving quantitative
readouts for months, or longer, that are inaccurate. If you run an analytical
lab, for example, that could translate to inaccurate results for
thousands of clients.
This could theoretically cost you time and effort for re-runs, as well as the
clients’ trust if they see inconsistencies in your data. This whole hassle can be
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avoided with relatively quick and affordable maintenance calibrations of your

instruments.
In Summary
Calibration is absolutely critical for any lab that relies on accurate
measurements. It is important to be familiar with calibration procedures for
measuring instruments, as well as how proper calibration will benefit your lab.
Moreover, it can save you the hassle of having to re-analyze measurements
taken on a faulty instrument by identifying problems early on. Always know
your instruments’ requirements and, above all, use a trusted supplier to
provide you with quality instruments and technical expertise.
https://labproinc.com/blog/laboratory-equipment-7/post/calibration-procedure-
guidelines-for-measuring-instruments-54
Why calibration is important?
- The accuracy of all measuring devices degrade over time. This is

typically caused by normal wear and tear. However, changes in
accuracy can also be caused by electric or mechanical shock or a
hazardous manufacturing environment (e.x., oils, metal chips etc.).
Depending on the type of the instrument and the environment in which
it is being used, it may degrade very quickly or over a long period of
time. The bottom line is that, calibration improves the accuracy of the
measuring device. Accurate measuring devices improve product
quality.
When should you calibrate your measuring device?
A measuring device should be calibrated:
 According to recommendation of the manufacturer.

 After any mechanical or electrical shock.
 Periodically (annually, quarterly, monthly)
Hidden costs and risks associated with the un-calibrated measuring device
could be much higher than the cost of calibration. Therefore, it is
recommended that the measuring instruments are calibrated regularly by a
reputable company to ensure that errors associated with the measurements
are in the acceptable range.
Self-Check
IDENTIFICATION
Identify the steps in PROPER HANDLING OF MEASURING

INSTRUMENTS
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
ANSWER KEY
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 Provide designated area for all measuring equipment wherein visual
properly.
check sheets.
measured.
wrong usage.
Calibrating measuring instrument

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1 Calibration: the basis for quality

Quality can be defined as "the degree to which a product or service meets the
requirements of the customer". In order to determine whether a product meets
the customer requirements, measurements are often performed. To ensure
that these measurements are reliable, they must be traceable to the results.
The only way to ensure traceable results, is to use calibrated measurement
instruments. It is therefore that many quality systems as the ISO/IEC 9000
series and ISO/IEC 17025 require that instruments are regularly calibrated, in
other words has to be included in a calibration system.
2 Calibration System
A well-functioning calibration system includes much more than the regular
calibration of measuring instruments. In this context DARE!! Calibrations
offers a full range of services for optimum management of your valuable
instruments.
3 Facilities
Calibrations are performed in our ultra modern laboratories in Woerden (The
Netherlands). DARE!! Calibrations has a fully temperature-and humidity
controlled room and anechoic room available. In addition DARE!! Calibrations
also possesses an Open Area Test Site (OATS) / antenna test area and an
electromagnetic field sensor calibration space.
4 International Equivalence of Accreditation

DARE!! Calibrations is ISO/IEC17025 accredited by the Dutch Council for
Accreditation (RvA) under number K063 (please see our quality page for the
latest version of the scope). Therefore DARE!! Calibrations is the laboratory to
perform your accredited calibration. The Dutch Council for Accreditation (RvA)
is a member of the European Accreditation (EA) so the calibration results
(reports/certificates) are accepted internationally. Regulation 765/2008 sets
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out the requirements for accreditation within the Eurpean Union. Furthermore
the RvA is a signatory member of IAF and ILAC anf thus the reports and
certificates issues by DARE!! Services are accepted worldwide.
The European Accreditation comprises mutual recognition between
Accreditation Bodies. See here how to verify the equivalence with other
accreditation bodies.
The five steps to check the reiability of our certificates or reports:
1. Find the RvA accreditation marks on our certificates and reports (RvA
and ILAC)
2. Find the RvA at the EA site: EA members
3. Find our Calibration scope under reference K063 at the RvA site
4. Check the quotation, report and DARE!! scope - DARE!! calibrates
against international standards as far as available
5. If there is still doubt, check you local accreditation body
5 Traceability
The reference standards which are used by DARE!! Calibrations are
calibrated periodically by the National Standards Laboratory, which
guarantees a direct traceability to the (inter)national standards.
6 Certificates
The calibration certificates contain an extensive report of the measured
results inclusive measuring uncertainty with, where appropriate, illustrations of
the measured curves. The total measurement uncertainty of the calibration
certificate is firmly set in accordance with the EA document EA-4/02 (rev. 00)
of December 1999 "Expressions of the Uncertainty of Measurement in
Calibration" (including Supplement 1 to EA-4/02- ) (before this EAL-R2)).
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7 Complete and fast service

It is important that a customer has calibrated measuring equipment at one's
disposal at all times. DARE!! Calibrations can take care of the timely call and
schedule of measuring equipment. The turnaround time of calibrations is 5
working days so that you won't have to miss your instruments for a very long
time. Also for the transportation of your valuable instruments DARE!!
Calibrations has a solution. If you arrange that the instruments are ready, this
may even be without packaging, we ensure safe and insured transportation
with our own transport service. If you have more measuring equipment which
needs to be calibrated regularly we offer interesting terms. These are based
on a calibration agreement, for example discount scales on our calibration
rates.
Calibration is the process of evaluating and adjusting the precision and

accuracy of measurement equipment. Proper calibration of an instrument
allows people to have a safe working environment and produce valid data for
future reference.
Purpose of instrument calibration
Calibration refers to the act of evaluating and adjusting the precision and
accuracy of measurement equipment. Instrument calibration is intended to
eliminate or reduce bias in an instrument's readings over a range for all
continuous values.
 Precision is the degree to which repeated measurements under

unchanged conditions show the same result
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 Accuracy is the degree of closeness of measurements of a quantity to

its actual true value.
For this purpose, reference standards with known values for selected points
covering the range of interest are measured with the instrument in question.
Then a functional relationship is established between the values of the
standards and the corresponding measurements. There are two basic
situations:
 Instruments which require correction for bias: The instrument

reads in the same units as the reference standards. The purpose of the
calibration is to identify and eliminate any bias in the instrument relative
to the defined unit of measurement. For example, optical imaging
systems that measure the width of lines on semiconductors read in
micrometers, the unit of interest. Nonetheless, these instruments must
be calibrated to values of reference standards if line width
measurements across the industry are to agree with each other.
 Instruments whose measurements act as surrogates for other
measurements: The instrument reads in different units than the
reference standards. The purpose of the calibration is to convert the
instrument readings to the units of interest. An example is densitometer
measurements that act as surrogates for measurements of radiation
dosage. For this purpose, reference standards are irradiated at several
dosage levels and then measured by radiometry. The same reference
standards are measured by densitometer. The calibrated results of
future densitometer readings on medical devices are the basis for
deciding if the devices have been sterilized at the proper radiation
level.
Basic steps for correcting the instrument for bias
The calibration method is the same for both situations stated above and
requires the following basic steps:
1. Selection of reference standards with known values to cover the range

of interest.
2. Measurements on the reference standards with the instrument to be
calibrated.
3. Functional relationship between the measured and known values of the
reference standards (usually a least-squares fit to the data) called
a calibration curve.
4. Correction of all measurements by the inverse of the calibration curve.
Some people mix up field check and calibration. Field check is when two
instruments have the same reading; this does not mean they are calibrated; it
may be that both instruments are wrong. Let's use thermometer as an
example; if a thermometer always read .25 degree higher, this error can not
be eliminated by taking averages, because this error is constant. The easiest
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way to determine if it is accurate and fix it is to send the thermometer to a

calibration laboratory. Another way to reveal constant errors is to have one or
more similar thermometers. One thermometer is used and then replaced by
another thermometer. If readings are divided among two or more
thermometers, inconsistencies among the thermometers will ultimately be
revealed.
When do instruments need to be calibrated?

 Before major critical measurements
o Before any measurements that requires highly accurate data, send the
instruments out for calibration and remain unused before the test.
 After major critical measurements
o Send the instrument for calibration after the test helps user decide
whether the data obtained were reliable or not. Also, when using an
instrument for a long time, the instrument's conditions will change.
 After an event
o The event here refers to any event that happens to the instrument. For
example, when something hits the instrument or any kinds of accidents
that might impact the instrument's accuracy. A safety check is also
recommended.
 When observations appear questionable
o When you suspect the data's accuracy that is due to instrumental
errors, send the instrument to calibrate.
 Per requirements
o Some experiments require calibration certificates. Check the
requirements first before starting the experiment.
 Indicated by manufacturer
o Every instrument will need to be calibrated periodically to make sure it
can function properly and safely. Manufacturers will indicate how often
the instrument will need to be calibrated.
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SELF-CHECK
IDENTIFICATION
Identify the steps you do When instruments need to be calibrated

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Region I
ANSWER KEY
 Before major critical measurements

o Before any measurements that requires highly accurate data, send the
instruments out for calibration and remain unused before the test.
 After major critical measurements
o Send the instrument for calibration after the test helps user decide
whether the data obtained were reliable or not. Also, when using an
instrument for a long time, the instrument's conditions will change.
 After an event
o The event here refers to any event that happens to the instrument. For
example, when something hits the instrument or any kinds of accidents
that might impact the instrument's accuracy. A safety check is also
recommended.
 When observations appear questionable
o When you suspect the data's accuracy that is due to instrumental
errors, send the instrument to calibrate.
 Per requirements
o Some experiments require calibration certificates. Check the
requirements first before starting the experiment.
 Indicated by manufacturer
o Every instrument will need to be calibrated periodically to make sure it
can function properly and safely. Manufacturers will indicate how often
the instrument will need to be calibrated.
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Safe handling and procedures in using measuring instruments
Proper Handling of Measuring Instrument

Measuring instrument should always be in a good condition in order to
maintain its accuracy of results. Every measuring tools and devices has its
own proper maintenance and handling guidelines as provided in its user
manual. The content of measuring equipment guidelines should always be
followed to have an accurate result.
The following items are the basic safe handling methods for measuring
instruments:
 Provide designated area for all measuring equipments wherein visual
properly.
check sheets.
measured.
wrong usage.
It is very important to maintain the accuracy of measuring instrument in order

to obtain reliable results and avoid possible rejects as well as to prevent
accidents.
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SELF-CHECK
IDENTIFICATION
Identify the basic safe handling methods for measuring instruments

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Region I
ANSWER KEY
 Provide designated area for all measuring equipments wherein visual
properly.
check sheets.
measured.
wrong usage.
Region I
Storing of measuring instruments
How to Properly Care for and Handle Precision Measuring Instruments

The world's best measuring instruments are all but worthless if they can't be
relied on to provide accurate, reliable results. One key to ensuring that
measuring instruments, such as micrometers, calipers and dial gauges,
maintain a high level of reliability and accuracy is by taking proper care of
them. Below is what you should know about the care and maintenance of
these special precision tools.
Lubricate Instruments Appropriately to Prevent Corrosion
Proper lubrication of measuring instruments will prevent damage due to

corrosion and oxidation. Precision measuring instruments should be lightly
oiled after each use, and any excess oil should be removed from metal
surfaces with a clean, dry cloth. A visibly "wet" instrument can attract and hold
minute particles that can cause internal wear of precisely fabricated parts,
especially those that move against one another.
In addition, do not use penetrating oils or other compounds designed for

purposes other than light lubrication. For example, avoid spraying your
instruments with WD-40, as it may leave a film that can alter the calibration of
the instrument. Even the thinnest layer of a foreign substance can throw off
the accuracy of some measuring instruments, such as calipers and
micrometers.
Store Instruments in an Appropriate Environment
Whenever you place an instrument in its storage location, be sure the location
is well-protected from destructive elements. Do not store precision
instruments where they can jostle against one another in a drawer; instead,
separate instruments from one another using dividers or place them in
padded cases. Avoid stacking instruments on top of each other, unless they
are well-protected in cases.
If your work is in an environment where vibration is a problem, keep

measuring instruments stored in an area as far away as possible from
vibration and movement. Over time, these forces can slowly cause your
instruments to fall out of calibration.
In addition, if the storage location is subject to dampness, be sure to use

moisture-removal methods that can help lower the humidity. Silica gel packets
placed in drawers or keeping a storage room air conditioned can also greatly
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lessen ambient moisture. If air conditioning isn't possible, then consider

investing in a dehumidifier that can dry the air to appropriate levels.
Know How to Properly Handle Instruments During Use
Once you have a precise measuring instrument in your hand, it becomes that
much more important to protect that tool from harm or providing false
readings. There are a few things you should do that will help prevent damage
or miscalibration during use, including avoiding sudden shocks or rough
treatment. Do not drop, throw, or bang measuring instruments against hard
surfaces.
If you use precision instruments often at a workbench, then consider investing

in a rubber mat that can rest on the floor beneath the edge of the bench. This
will help protect your instruments from damage should they be dropped. In
addition, it should go without saying to never use a measuring instrument to
pry or hammer another object.
In addition, keep instruments from experiencing temperature extremes. If you

are handling a measuring instrument, it is important to avoid permitting it to
either heat up or cool down. Expansion and contraction can alter the
calibration of the instrument, and that is why you should endeavor to keep it
within a normal room temperature range. Avoid holding instruments in your
hands for an extended period of time, for example, and don't rest them on
surfaces that are either too hot or cold.
Obtain Professional Recalibration Assistance
Some measuring instruments require occasional recalibration to ensure they

continue to function as designed, and that is why it is important to have a
professional relationship with a precision instrument manufacturer or supplier.
They can keep your instruments in top-notch condition so they'll provide years
of reliable service.
Proper Care and Maintenance for a Measuring Tool

By Micron July 22, 2019 Advice & Best Practices, Maintenance
No Comments
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Without properly functioning measuring tools, you may not be able to get the
job done right, so it’s crucial that you keep your gages in optimal condition.
Some of these kinds of tools can be very sensitive, and slight variations in
conditions can cause them to malfunction and deliver inaccurate results. It’s
essential that you follow proper care and maintenance procedures with all of
your measuring tools.
The Importance of Measuring Tool Maintenance

Why is the proper care of measuring tools so important? Some of the benefits
include the following.
 Increase accuracy: If measuring tools don’t receive proper care and
maintenance, they’re more likely to take inaccurate readings. Some of
these tools take exact measurements, so even small changes can impact
the accuracy of measurements. Damaged instruments may also be off by
relatively large amounts. If you don’t realize your measurements are off,
these inaccuracies could get in the way of the success of a job. A wide
variety of factors can impact the accuracy of a measuring tool, from
improper storage temperature to excessive vibrations to physical damage
due to dropping it. Because damage or improper maintenance can affect
accuracy, it’s crucial that you’re careful to maintain them properly.
Measuring tools also fall out of calibration naturally over time, so
regular gage calibration is essential.
 Extend life: Caring for precision tools properly also helps extend their
life. With proper care, many measuring instruments can serve you well for
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a long time. Without adequate maintenance, however, your tools will

break sooner, and you’ll have to replace them earlier. Improper care
increases the risk of a tool failing in the middle of a job or gradually
becoming less effective, reducing the efficiency and accuracy of your
work.
 Lower costs: Following the right care and maintenance procedures can
help you reduce your costs over the long term. It can help you avoid
costly breakdowns, more extensive repairs and downtime. It also means
you’ll have to replace your tools less often, meaning you get more out of
your investments in quality instruments.
Tips for Maintaining Precision Tools

Every measuring tool has different maintenance needs, and you should
receive guidelines in the user manual for each device you purchase. It’s
crucial to follow these recommendations to keep your tools in optimal
condition. In the following sections, we’ll look at some overarching
recommendations for the care of measuring tools, as well as some more
specific examples.
Storage
Storage is a critical element of measuring tool care, as these devices can
spend significant amounts of time in cupboards or cabinets where they may
get damaged. Be sure to follow the recommendations for how to store each
tool you use. Different types of gages and tools made of different materials
often have different storage requirements.
Many measurement devices come in cases, and it’s often a best practice to
store your tools in these cases. If your tool didn’t come with a case, purchase
one that meets the storage requirements of your instrument. Make sure it’s
the right material, size and shape and that it has the right features. Often,
these containers will have padding. For some types of gages, you may want
to place them on a clean, dry cloth inside a case. Keeping your tools in a case
helps to protect them from airborne contaminants and accidental physical
damage.
Another crucial measure to take to prevent physical damage is to separate
your devices so that they don’t bump into and damage each other. You can
separate them using dividers or cases. Don’t stack devices on top of each
other unless they’re in cases that will protect them from damaging each other.
It can also be helpful to take time to organize your devices in a cart, tray,
inspection station or other location. Doing so can help make it easier to follow
proper storage procedures and enable you to access your tools more
efficiently.
You also need to ensure that you store your devices in the proper
temperature and humidity and that other conditions are suitable for your tools
as well. In general, you want to keep gages in a cool, dry place, but some
devices may also come with more specific recommendations.
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Be sure to keep the storage area at an appropriate temperature and keep

your devices away from sources of heat, including sunlight. If your gages get
exposed to sunlight or other sources that produce too much heat, they may
expand as they heat up and then contract as they cool, potentially damaging
them and decreasing their accuracy.
You also need to take steps to keep the humidity of the storage space at a
suitable level and to take care of any moisture issues that may arise. Doing so
is crucial, since excessive moisture can lead to corrosion. Air conditioning or a
dehumidifier can help you control humidity and reduce ambient moisture.
Placing silica gel packets in the drawers where you store your tools can help
take care of any other excess moisture.
Over time, vibration can cause measuring tools to fall out of calibration, so
store your instruments away from any equipment that may cause vibration or
movement.
Cleaning
Another essential aspect of gage maintenance is keeping your instruments
clean. Like with measuring tool storage, there are different cleaning
recommendations for different types of gages and materials. Be sure to follow
the guidelines for your specific tools to ensure you thoroughly clean them and
avoid damaging them. Conscientiously cleaning your devices is crucial, as
any residue that remains on your device may impact the accuracy of your
measurements.
The material your device is made of plays a significant role in the cleaning
method you should use. If an instrument is mostly aluminum, for example,
avoid using alcohol, as it can cause aluminum to deteriorate. For brass, it’s
best not to use anything except for a clean cloth that you’ve dampened with
distilled water.
Some general cleaning tips include:
 Not leaving your instruments in contact with dirt or oil for long periods, as
oils can cause corrosion
 Avoiding touching gages with your bare hands, as skin oils can be
damaging
 Using a soft, non-abrasive cloth to clean your instruments and ensuring
the cloth is clean before using it
Scheduled Cleaning
As part of your routine gage maintenance, you should have a regular cleaning
schedule in place for your devices. Various factors influence how often you
should plan to clean your instruments.
 The environment in which you use it: Some situations may cause
measuring tools to require cleaning more often. If you use your tools in a
dusty manufacturing environment, for example, you may need to clean
them more often than if you work in a relatively controlled lab
environment.
 The task for which you use it: The job you use the tool for can also
impact how often it requires cleaning. For example, pressure gage
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maintenance may involve cleaning it more often if you use it with liquids,
as opposed to solid items. Also, if the measurements are so precise that
small amounts of dirt or residue could throw them off, you’ll need to clean
your instruments more frequently.
 Legal requirements: In certain industries, rules and regulations may
require you to clean tools more often. For example, food-related
businesses must adhere to higher cleanliness standards than many other
industries.
It’s a smart rule of thumb to inspect and, if needed, clean instruments before
each use. Before using a device, look for foreign matter on it, as this material
could affect the readings.
Spot Cleaning
At times, you may need to do some maintenance beyond your typical
scheduled gage cleaning. This type of upkeep is spot cleaning, and is a more
vigorous method you use when your routine maintenance doesn’t remove all
foreign matter. Spot cleaning may involve using stronger cleaners, repeating
cleaning processes until you remove all contaminants or other techniques.
Handling
Another critical element of precision instrument care is handling measuring
instruments correctly during use. Taking care to avoid accidental damage and
use your tools correctly can help to extend their life and ensure accurate
readings.
When using a measuring tool, it doesn’t have the protection of its case or
storage space, so it’s especially crucial to handle it carefully. Take care to
avoid sudden shocks or rough treatment such as dropping, throwing or
banging the device against hard surfaces. Placing rubber mats in workspaces
can help protect tools from damage should someone accidentally drop them.
It’s also essential that you only use your instruments for their intended
purposes. Never use measuring tools as hammers or to pry open other
objects. Calipers, for instance, have ID jaws that come to sharp points. They
appear to be ideal for cutting open boxes, but using calipers in this way cause
burrs to form on the jaws. Even though these burrs may be too small to see
with the naked eye, they can still affect the accuracy of the instrument.
As mentioned earlier, you may also want to avoid touching instruments that
are especially sensitive with your bare hands, as the oils on your skin can
cause corrosion. For some tools, minimizing the time you spend holding it or
only touching it at certain points may be enough. For the most sensitive
instruments or those you need to handle more frequently, you can use lint-
free gloves or accessories, such as tweezers, lifters and forks, made
specifically to handle sensitive instruments.
Another reason to avoid handling measuring tools for long periods is the heat
your body produces. Holding an instrument for an extended period can cause
it to heat up, potentially throwing off the accuracy of the unit. You should also
avoid setting it on hot or cold sources and keep it away from sources of cold
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air or heat. Throughout the entire process of using the instrument, be careful
to keep it at the proper temperature.
Training is vital for ensuring the proper handling of measuring equipment at all
times. Employees should receive sufficient training for each type of instrument
they will use, so they know how to take accurate measurements without
damaging the tools.
Maintenance
You will also need to periodically conduct preventive gage maintenance,
including regular lubrication and calibration. It’s helpful to create a schedule
for when you will perform maintenance so you can ensure the necessary
tasks get done. You may also want to create a system for keeping track of
what maintenance tasks you complete at which times and the conditions of
your various instruments. You may want to do some upkeep yourself and
outsource other assignments to third parties.
One essential aspect of gage maintenance is lubrication, as it will prevent
damage caused by corrosion and oxidation. It’s crucial that you lubricate each
device as frequently as is recommended for each device and that you use the
right lubricants in the right amounts. For many types of precision measuring
tools, lightly oil them after each use. Be sure to remove any excess oil from
the surfaces of the instrument using a clean, dry cloth. If a device is visibly
wet with oil, it may attract particles that can cause internal wear of certain
parts.
Be sure to use the right types of oils, and don’t use penetrating oils or other
substances made for purposes besides light lubrication. WD-40, for example,
may leave a film on your instrument that can affect its calibration. Even a thin
layer can throw off the accuracy of some sensitive instruments.
Calibration is another crucial part of proper gage maintenance. Many types of
measuring devices require regular calibration to ensure they perform correctly
and take accurate measurements. Calibration involves comparing a
measurement made by your instrument with the value of the same
measurement, as defined by an accepted standard. This comparison serves
to check the accuracy of the tool. If the device’s measurement differs from the
standard to a significant degree, you will need to repair the instrument so it is
accurate. For some devices, you may want to work with a professional
calibration company that can ensure your devices have the correct calibration.
You should calibrate your instruments according to the schedule
recommended for each device. All measurement devices drift out of
calibration over time, so it’s vital to recalibrate them regularly. In addition to
your scheduled recalibrations, you may also need to recalibrate your
instruments in certain other situations, such as:
 When it’s undergone a shock such as a fall
 When it’s experienced harsh conditions
 When it’s producing readings that seem incorrect
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SELF-CHECK
Multiple Choice
1. In certain industries, rules and regulations may require you to

clean tools more often. For example, food-related businesses
must adhere to higher cleanliness standards than many other
industries.
a. Legal requirements
b. The task for which you use it
c. The environment in which you use it
d. Maintenance
2. The job you use the tool for can also impact how often it
requires cleaning. For example, pressure gage maintenance
may involve cleaning it more often if you use it with liquids, as
opposed to solid items.
d. Maintenance
3. Some situations may cause measuring tools to require cleaning
more often
d. Maintenance
4. Following the right care and maintenance procedures can help
you reduce your costs over the long term. It can help you avoid
costly breakdowns, more extensive repairs and downtime
d. Lower costs
5. Caring for precision tools properly also helps extend their life. With
proper care, many measuring instruments can serve you well for a long
time. Without adequate maintenance, however, your tools will break
sooner, and you’ll have to replace them earlier
d. Extend life
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ANSWER KEY
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. D

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Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MODULE

Welcome to the Module in Perform mensuration and calculation.

Suggested references are included to supplement the materials

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM MENSURATION AND

MODULE TITLE : PERFORMING MENSURATION AND

MODULE DESCRIPTION : This module covers calculations and

NOMINAL DURATION : 2 hours

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the module, the trainees/students should be able

LO 1. Select measuring instrument.

LO 2. Carry out measurement and calculation.

LO 3. Maintain measuring instruments.

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Apply appropriate Applying appropriate

Move and position Moving and position

Read, interpret and Reading, interpreting and

4 apply specifications and applying specifications ALT723203

manuals and manuals

Use and apply Using and applying

Perform shop Performing shop

LO 1. SELECT MEASURING INSTRUMENT

Assessment/ Contents Conditions Methodologies Assessment

1. Object or 1. Types of 1. 1. Lecture 1. Written and

Learning Experiences / Activities

The output of this LO is a complete

After doing all the activities for this LO1:

INFORMATION SHEET 3.1-1

Types of Measuring instruments and its uses

1. A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM (Volt-Ohm meter

Analog multimeters use a microammeter whose pointer moves over a scale

Digital multimeters (DMM, DVOM) display the measured value in numerals,

Modern micrometer with

3. A vernier scale (Vernier Caliper) is a visual aid to take an accurate

The vernier is a subsidiary scale replacing a single measured-value pointer,

an arrangement can go to higher resolution by using higher scale ratios,

4. Dial gauge consisting of a circular graduated dial and a pointer

How does a dial gauge work?

5. Plastic Gauge provides a simple but precise method for the

How to use plastic gauge to measure clearances?

6. A straightedge or straight edge is a tool used for drawing straight lines,

Straightedges are used in the automotive service and machining industry to

All About Thickness Gauges - Definition, Sizes, and Uses

7. Thickness gauges are measuring instruments that can be used to

Types of Thickness Gauges

The first of these gauges measures material thickness by mechanical means

The second type of thickness gauge is designed to measure the thickness of

Some characterizations of thickness gauges may include tools such as feeler

8. A Torque Gauge is measuring instrument used across all industries to

digital torque gauge is basically a handheld instrument that contains a torque

9. SMALL HOLE GAUGE

10. TELESCOPIC GAUGE

primarily used by mechanics measuring the bore size of a crankcase

11. TRY SQUARE

Radian-scale protractors measure angles in radians. Most protractors

13. COMBINATION GAUGE

14. STEEL RULE

Steel rule Measurement

Rules vs. Scales