UNDERSTANDING CRIME

INFORMATION, REPORTING,
AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM
(CIRAS)

Presenter:
Saycon, Tantiangco,
Toledo, Torres
 INTRODUCTION TO CIRAS
III. CRIME INFORMATION, REPORTING AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM (CIRAS)
In the Philippine Setting, the Philippine National Police (PNP) is the primary law
enforcement agency in the country that is committed to attain a peaceful, safe and
progressive environment suitable for growth and development. Whereas Letter of
Instruction 02/09 Unit Crime Periodic Report (UCPER), a uniform procedure of reporting
and recording of crime incidents was established in April 22, 2009 to generate a credible
crime statistic which served as the basis in planning, policy formulation, deployment of
resources, and budgeting.

Philippine National Police (PNP) is the primary law enforcement agency in the country
April 22, 2009 - Unit Crime Periodic Report (UCPER)
Unit Crime Periodic Report (UCPER), a uniform procedure of reporting and recording of
crime incidents
 Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM) in 2013 to
2014, several disfunctions were noted specifically the high numbers of crimes
that were not accounted from the police blotter books. This rendered the
crime statistics inaccurate and not reflecting the true crime environment.
Some investigators are confused in counting and classifying crimes; crime
incidents were being referred to the barangay justice system even though
they are not within the jurisdiction of the Katarungang Pambarangay
In order to establish a uniform procedure for crime recording, the Directorate
for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM) developed the PNP
Crime Incident Recording System (CIRS) known as the e-Blotter System on
September 6, 2011. It was adopted by all units of the PNP. It mandated that all
incident reports shall be entered to the system. However, it was only a stand-
alone system.

Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM) developed

the PNP Crime Incident Recording System (CIRS)
September 6, 2011 - Crime Incident Recording System (CIRS) known as the e-
Blotter System
On May 2015, a web-based CIRS was developed. The stand-alone system
became an in-house web development system and Crime Incident Recording
System CIRS was renamed into "e-blotter system". In order to have better
analysis of the encoded crime incidents, e-blotter was further enhanced to
include graphs, crime maps, crime clock, etc. and was later called the Crime
Information, Reporting and Analysis System (CIRAS).

May 2015 - web-based CIRS was developed.

CIRS was renamed into "e-blotter system"
e-blotter was further enhanced and was later called the Crime
Information, Reporting and Analysis System (CIRAS).
The core objective of the Crime Information, Reporting and Analysis System
(CIRAS)is to serve as a scientific management tool for efficient and effective
prescription of police intervention.
serves as a crime datable and can identify crime hot spots along with
other trends and patterns;
uses of spatial and time series analysis;
generates graph/data in just a matter of minutes;
comprehensive, adequate and timely information on crimes from manual
and antiquated to computerized and integrated crime reporting system;

interfaced with the Case Information Database Management System (CIDMS),

e-Rogues Gallery and the e-Warrant System; and overlays other data sets-
localities, AORs, critical facilities and structures. It also provides a logical
basis for troop deployment and movement and builds a robust Information
Technology Infrastructure to support the entire system.
 A. CIRAS FUNCTION
The Crime Information, Reporting and Analysis System CIRAS is an electronic
database system that makes it easier to record crimes and save and retrieve
data systematically.

The system offers a swift, efficient, and reliable communication of crime

information from lower PNP offices and police units to Camp Crame, Quezon
City, the national headquarters. The Unit commanders' ability to solve problems
and make decisions is aided by accurate crime reporting. Additionally, this
project makes a significant contribution to making the community a safer place
to live, work, learn, and conduct business.
The improved e-Blotter or Crime Information and Analysis
System (CIRAS) was linked to a Geographic Information System
(GIS) to form a Qualitative Crime Analysis Management Tool.
These changes to the e-Blotter system will improve fields
commanders' ability to conduct qualitative crime analysis more
efficiently and accurately. The primary goal of CIRAS is to serve
as a scientific management for crime analysis in order to
prescribe efficient and effective police intervention. Below are
the steps to be undertaken in the uploading of data.
1. Opening the CIRAS website
2. Registering into the system
3. Registering after approval
4. Encoding incidents
5. Saving the encoded inciden
6. Crime mapping
7. Reporting generation
Aspect and Purpose of CIRAS The CIRAS will serve as a scientific
management tool for efficient and effective implementation of
police interventions. Specifically, to:

A. Serve as the modern central database system of crime

incidents. B. Provide crime trend analysis, statistical report and
crime hot spots along with other trends and patterns.
C. Overlay other data sets - localities, AORs, critical facilities and
structure, troop deployment and movement.
D. Provide status and disposition of criminal cases E. Provide
online crime data accessible to all levels in the PNP organization.
To provide well-guided procedures for reporting, identifying,
recording, and counting crime incidents that begin when a
complainant or reporting person relays information or lodges a
complaint in all PNP investigating offices/units, the terms listed
below must be operationally defined and used:

1. Crime Rate (CR). It is the number of crime incidents in a given

period of time for every 100,000 inhabitants of an area. Further,
Crime Rate per se refers to the Peace and Order Indicator. The
following are the crime rate categories and their corresponding
formula:
 Peace and Order Crime Rate (POCR):
POCR = Total POI / Population/100,000

Public Safety Crime Rate (PSCR): PSCR=Total PSI /

Population/100,000
The Average Monthly Peace and Order Indicator Crime Rate
(AMPIOCR) is used as a measure with this formula:
AMPOCR = Total POI / Population X (100,000)Constant / Nr of
Months

While the Average Monthly Public Safety Indicator Crime Rate

(AMPSICR) with this formula:
AMPSCR = Total PSI / Population X (100,000)Constant / Nr of
Months
2. Crime Solved. A crime is considered "solved" when:

a. the offender/perpetrator has been identified

b. the offender/perpetrator has been charged based on evidence;
c. the offender/ perpetrator has been taken into custody;
d. the offender/perpetrator has been charged before the
prosecutor's office or court of appropriate jurisdiction;
e. elements beyond police control prevent the arrest of the
offender, as when the victim refuses to prosecute or the death of
the offender; and
f. arrest of one offender can solve several crimes or offenders
maybe arrested in the process of solving crime.
3. Crime Cleared. A crime/case is considered cleared when:
a. at least one of the offender(s) has been identified;
b. there is sufficient evidence to charge the offender; and
c. the offender has been charged before the prosecutor's office or
any court of appropriate jurisdiction.
4. Crime Solution Efficiency (CSE) - The efficiency of the police
expressed in percentage on the number of cases solved by the
police out of the total number of crime incidents that are recorded
into the police blotter for a given period of time. The CSE shall
include only those cases handled by the police station.
There are two (2) categories for CSE:
Peace and Order Crime Solution Efficiency (POCSE)
Public Safety Crime Solution Efficiency (PSICSE)
5. Crime Clearance Efficiency (CCE) - The efficiency of the police
expressed in percentage as to the number of crimes cleared by the
police out of the total number of crime incidents that are recorded
into the police blotter for a given period of time. The CCE shall
include only those handled by the police station.
6. PUBLIC SAFETY INDICATOR (PSI) - It is an index which
categorizes incidents and culpable felonies that reflect the public
safety situation of a particular community.

7. Peace and Order Indicator (POI). - It is an index which

categorizes crime incidents that reflect the true essence of crime,
peace and order situation of a particular community.
8. Index Crime - refers to the Consummated seven (7) focus crimes
and eight ( special complex crimes as defined by the Revised
Penal Code.

a. Murder
b. Homicide
c. Physical Injuries including Less and Serious Physical Injuries
d. Rape
e. Robbery
f. Carnapping of Motor Vehicles i. Four wheeled (or up) Vehicle ii.
Motorcycle (2-3 wheeled)
g. Theft h. Eight ( Special Complex Crime (composite crimes)
9. Complex Crime Proper - One where the offender has to commit
an offense as means for the commission of another offense.
10. Composite Crime (Special Complex Crime) - It is one composed
of two or more crimes, but is specifically defined, treated and
punished under the Revised Penal Code (PRC) as single indivisible
offense. This includes:
a. Rape with Homicide (5th para of Art 266-B of RPC)
b. Kidnapping with Homicide (last para of Art 267 of RPC)
c. Kidnapping with Rape (last para of Art 267 of RPC)
d. Robbery with Homicide (Art 294 of RPC)
e. Robbery with Serious Physical Injury (Art 294 of RPC)
f. Robbery with Rape (Art 294 of RPC)
g. Robbery with Arson (Art 294 of RPC)
h. Arson with Homicide (Art 320 of RPC)
11. Compound Crime - It is one where a single act produces two or more
grave or less grave felonies

12. Non-Index Crimes - These are violation of special laws and RPC that
are not categorized as index crimes. Excluded herein are reckless
imprudence, vehicular incidents, and other Quasi-Offenses under the
provision of RPC.

13. Other Quasi-Offenses - These are culpable felonies as a product of

negligence, imprudence, lack of skill and/or lack of foresight punishable
under Art. 365 of the RPC other than vehicular incidents.
14. Total Crime Incidents (TCI) - This pertains to the number of crime
incidents committed in a given area over a period of time that are reported
and recorded in the police. It does not include crime incidents that are
reported to the barangays and other law enforcement agencies (OLEA).

TCI Total POI + Total PSI

15. Population - It refers to the density of inhabitants in a given area. The

figure to be used in the medium assumption as per the records from the
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)
VI. CRIME ANALYSIS
The following is the International Association of CrimeAnalysts' (IACA)
definition of crime analysis:
A profession and process in which a set of quantitative and qualitative
techniques are used to analyze datavaluable to police agencies and their
communities. It includes the analysis of crime and criminals, crime victims,
disorder, quality of life issues, traffic issues,and internal police operations,
and its results supportcriminal investigation and prosecution, patrol
activities,crime prevention and reduction strategies, problemsolving, and
the evaluation of police efforts. (IACA,2014b,p.2)
VII. TYPES OF CRIME ANALYSIS
A. STRATEGIC CRIME ANALYSIS Strategic crime analysis is defined as follows:
Strategic crime analysis is the analysis of data directed towards
development and evaluation of long-term strategies, policies, and
prevention techniques. Itssubjects include long-term statistical trends,hot
spots,and problems. (IACA, 2014b, p. 4)
Similar to tactical crime analysis, which uses police databases as its data
source, strategic crime ànalysis also uses a range of additional data sources,
including census data, geographic zoning data, and city data, as well as
original data gathered using both quantitative and qualitative methods.
Additionally, strategic crime analysis examines the same crime data over a
longer time span and in aggregate form.
 For instance, a strategic crime analysis would revealthat 75% of the 500 cars
were unlocked in thefts from vehiclesin the entire city last year, whereas a
tactical crime analysis would reveal that four out of every five cars were
unlocked in thefts from vehicles that occurred in a neighborhood last week.
Strategic crime analysis aims to pinpoint persistent issues and comprehend
their causes in order to focus police efforts on creating lasting solutions.

The following are some of the methods and approaches used in strategic
crime analvsis:
1. Trend Analysis. To discover trend in crime, data is often aggregated by time
period (for example, month)and geographic police station).grouping the
data into categories that make sense straight forward statistics used in this
analysis.
2. Hot Spot Analysis. This is the process of identifying Similar to trend
analysis, the conclusions and analysis will depend on how the data are
aggregated.

3.Problem Analysis. This is “an approach/method/process conducted within

the police agency in which formal criminal justice theory, research methods,
and comprehensive data collection and analysis procedures are used in a
systematic way to conduct in-depth examination of, develop informed
responses to, and evaluate crime and disorder problems”(Boba,2003,p.2). It
entails recognizing and ranking long-term issues for police to address, as
well as comprehending how, when, where, who, and why the issue is
occurring, directing the solution, and evaluating the solution'sefficacy.
B. TACTICAL CRIME ANALYSIS Tactical crime analysis is defined as follows:
Tactical crime analysis is the analysis of police data directed towards the
short-term development of patrol and investigative priorities and
deployment of resources. Its subject areas include the analysis of space,
time, offender, victim, and modus operandi for individual high-profile
crimes, repeat incidents, and crime patterns, with a specific focus on crime
series [sic].(IACA, 2014b,p.4)

Police databases contain calls for service, police crime reports, arrests, and
other information that is largely utilized for tactical crime analysis.
Identification of transient trends is the aim of tactical crime analysis.
Processes and techniques used in tactical crime analysis include the
following:
1. Repeat incident analysis. In order to focus policeresources on "repeat call"
sites, repeat incidentanalysis uses calls-for-service data to pinpoint
areaswhere similar sorts of calls have happened over a briefperiod of time.

2. Crime pattern analysis. Crime pattern analysis isthe process of identifying

groupings of crimes thatare connected to one another in order to focus
police efforts on stopping current crimes and/or finding theculprit(s). Using
data on people who have been detained and/or found guilty of a specific
crime, it is possible to connect known offenders to specific crimes or trends
that have occurred recently. This can help police focus their resources on
finding the offender again and/or clearing one or more cases through
anarrest.
3.Criminal investigative analysis. Criminal investigative analysis involves
creating "profiles" of people who have committed significant crimes against
strangers, primarily rape and/or murder. With the aim of identifying and
prioritizing suspects for the crimes, analysis of the elements of the
connected crimes infers the characteristics of the unknown perpetrator,
such as drug addiction, social habits, and job habits.
4. Geographic profiling. The scope of tactical crime analysis includes this
subgroup of criminal investigative investigation. Here, the analyst examines
the geographic locations of a criminal's crime
E. ADMINISTRATIVE CRIME ANALYSIS
is defined as follows:
is the analysis directed toward the administrative needs of the police agency, its
government, and its community. (IACA, 2014b, p. 5). This kind of crime study uses
numerous methods and items that have a variety of uses and target demographics.

Administrative crime analysis supports the internal operations of the

agency, decision making, efficiency, and accountability

Tactical and strategic crime analysis is primarily focused on supporting

the external crime reduction actions of officers, detectives, and
supervisors.

Products developed for tactical and strategic analysis are frequently

modified for use by audiences outside of the analysis community.
Administrative crime analysis is a useful sort of crime analysis even though it is not
focused on crime reduction operations since it aids the agency's decision-making and
planning, crime reduction accountability procedures, community engagement, grant
work, and other areas. The following are some examples of administrative crime analysis
procedures and techniques:

1. Analysis of crime for accountability. This involves producing original data and
consistent reports that assist a company's accountability procedures for crime reduction.
Numerous products present data and trends regarding police efforts to reduce crime and
the level of crime. Despite the possibility of overlap with strategic crime analysis, the
primary goal of this kind of analysis is to aid agency command personnel in holding
accountability sessions.
2. Analysis of districting and redistricting. Crime analysts utilize specialized techniques
and algorithms to establish the optimal district and beat boundaries within a jurisdiction.
By figuring out the ideal size and placement of these zones, this analysis aims to
maximize efficiency by shortening the time it takes officers to respond to calls and
balancing the quantity of calls and crime in each area. Because any adjustments need a
lot of resources, this kind of examination is rarely done.

3 . Patrol personnel analysis. In order to calculate workload by area and shift, this entails
looking at data from calls for service and unit histories. In other words, suggestions for the
best patrol schedule are made based on the data. In contrast to districting analysis, this is
frequently done every year to make sure that the deployment of officers throughout the
week and during the day is done as efficiently as possible. Similar to districting analysis,
analysts employ very complex techniques, statistics, and software in this procedure.
4. An examination of the community. Many of the analysis tools developed for tactical and
strategic crime analysis may also be beneficial for local residents, neighborhood
organizations, companies, and other outside police entities. The information in those
products, however, is frequently restricted from public dissemination.

5. Cost-benefit research. This is a comparison of the relative costs of a specific program or

initiative within the police force to the advantages or effects of those same programs or
initiatives. Many times, the costs are pretty simple to analyze, but the benefits are not so
apparent to predict, and the data are utilized by police decision-makers to determine if
the particular program was "worth it."
6. Support for the organization's grantmaking. Inorder to give data and support for requests
for grant funding from the congress or the senate, analysts frequently undertake
specialized trend or other forms of analysis. Additional crime analysis reports are needed
for the final grant report and the quarterly progress reports once the police department
receives the money.

7. Press Inquiries. Similar to community-focused analysis, crime analysts frequently provide

media with products that have been modified for the general audience. Normally, crime
analysts don't communicate with the media directly; instead, they give this material to the
department's public information officer.
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