Assignment No.

2 (Course STA632)
SPRING 2024 (Total Marks 20)
Student Name: Nimra Fatima

Student ID: BC220209211

Assignment # 1 (Topics 79-140 topics)

Question 1: Mark:10

The agricultural wing of a district administration wishes to estimate the area under paddy
harvested with combine. The district is comprised of 420 villages, including small towns, and the
total area under paddy is 26,000 hectares. Keeping in view the budget at disposal, a WOR simple
random sample of 18 villages was drawn for the purpose. The information on area in hectares,
collected in respect of these villages, is given below in table.

Area under paddy (x) and the area harvested with combine (y)

Village X y
1 120 68
2 55 56
3 65 49
4 59 37
5 86 110
6 79 61
7 110 54
8 126 49
9 41 42
10 83 53
11 23 57
12 46 112
13 38 35
14 70 36
15 39 62
16 45 85
17 58 67
18 59 27

Estimate the Mean Square Error of using the following formula.

Solution:

Calculate the sample mean x and y

n 18
1 1
x= ∑ x i= ∑ xi
n i=1 18 i=1
n 18
1 1
y= ∑ y i= ∑ y i
n i=1 18 i=1

Now, calculate the sums;

18

∑ x i= 120+55+65+59+86+110+126+41+83+23+46+38+70+3
i=1

18

∑ yi =68+56+ 49+37+110+61+54+ 49+ 42+ 53+57+112+35+ 36+62

i=1

So that,

1202
x= = 66.78
18

1060
y= = 58.89
18

Then calculate the sample variances

n
1
2
S =
x ∑ ¿¿¿
n−1 i=1
n
1
2
S =
y ∑
n−1 i=1
( y i ¿− y )2 ¿
Deviation from the means and their squares:
18

∑ (x i−x)2=(120−66.78)2+(55−66.78)2 +…+(59−66.78)2
i=1

2 14427.66
S x= =848.68
17

18

∑ ( y ¿¿ i− y )2 ¿
i=1

= (68−58.89)2+(5 6−58.89)2 +…+(27−58.89)2

=9419.78
9419.78
2
S y=
17
= 554.10

Thirdly estimate the covariance between x and y

18
1
S xy = ∑ (x i−x)( y i− y)
17 i=1

18

∑ (x i−x)( y i− y )= (120- 66.78)(68-58.89) + … + (59- 66.78)(27 – 58.89)

i=1

= 3730.23
3730.23
S xy =
17
= 219.42

Fourthly calculate the regression coefficient b

 S xy 21.92
b= S
2 = 48.68 = 0.0258
x

At the 5th step estimate the error variance S2e

2 2 2 2
Se =S y −b S x
2 2
Se =554.10−( 0.0258 ) ×848.68
2
Se =553.54

Calculate the mean square error (MSE)

N ( N−n)
MSE= n ( N−1) S e
2

420 ( 420−18 )
MSE= 18 ( 420−1 )
× 553.54

MSE=12391.87

Thus, the mean square error (MSE) for the estimation of the under
paddy harvested with a combine is approximately 12391.87 hectares
squared.
Question 2: Mark:7+3

a) Generate all possible samples of size two under simple random sampling with
replacement from the given data and calculate the Hansen-Hurwitz Estimator. Also, find
its variance.

Yi Zi
0.16 1
0.22 2
0.13 3
0.25 4
0.14 5
0.10 6

b) In R, select 10,000 samples with replacement using Probability Proportional to Size

(PPS) sampling from the above given data. Calculate the mean of each sample and then
determine the mean of these means.

Solution:

Firstly generate all possible sample size two with replacement that is 6*6=36
(0.16,0.16) , (0.16,0.22) , (0.16,0.13) , (0.16,0.25) , (0.16,0.14) , (0.16,0.10) , (0.22,0.16) ,
(0.22,0.22) , (0.22,0.13) , (0.22,0.25) , (0.22,0.14) , (0.22,0.10) , (0.13,0.16) , (0.13,0.22) ,
(0.13,0.13) , (0.13,0.25) , (0.13,0.14) , (0.13,0.10) , (0.25,0.16) , (0.25,0.22) , (0.25,0.13) ,
(0.25,0.25) , (0.25,0.14) , (0.25,0.10) , (0.14,0.16) , (0.14,0.22) , (0.14,0.13) , (0.14,0.25) ,
(0.14,0.14) , (0.14,0.10) , (0.10,0.16) , (0.10,0.22) , (0.10,0.13) , (0.10,0.25) , (0.10,0.14) ,
(0.10,0.10)

Secondly calculate the Hansen-Hurwitz estimator for each sample:

1
Y^ = ( y i + y j )
2

Y^ 11=21(0.16+0.16) = 0.16,

Y^ 12=21(0.16+0.22) =0.19,

Y^ 13=21(0.16+0.13) =0.145,
Y^ 14 =21(0.16+0.25) =0.205,

Y^ 15=21(0.16+0.14) =0.15,

Y^ 16 =21(0.16+0.10) =0.13,

Y^ 21=21(0.22+0.16) =0.19,

Y^ 22=21(0.22+0.22) =0.22,

Y^ 23=21(0.22+0.13) =0.175,

^ 24 =21(0.22+0.25) =0.235,
Y

Y^ 25=21(0.22+0.14) =0.18,

^ =21(0.22+0.10) =0.16,
Y 26

Y^ 31=21(0.13+0.16) =0.145,

^ =21(0.13+0.22) =0.175,
Y 32

Y^ 33=21(0.13+0.13) =0.13,

Y^ 34 =21(0.13+0.25) =0.19,

Y^ 35=21(0.13+0.14) = 0.135,

Y^ 36 =21(0.13+0.10) =0.115,

Y^ 41=21(0.25+0.16) =0.205,

^ =21(0.25+0.22) =0.235,
Y 42

Y^ 43 =21(0.25+0.13) =0.19,

Y^ 44 =21(0.25+0.25) =0.25,

Y^ 45 =21(0.25+0.14) =0.195,

Y^ 46 =21(0.25+0.10) =0.175,
^ 51=21(0.14+0.16) =0.15,
Y

Y^ 52=21(0.14+0.22) =0.18,

Y^ 53=21(0.14+0.13) =0.135,

Y^ 54 =21(0.14+0.25) =0.195,

Y^ 55=21(0.14+0.14) =0.14,

Y^ 56=21(0.14+0.10) =0.12,

Y^ 61=21(0.10+0.16) =0.13,

Y^ 62=21(0.10+0.22) =0.16,

^ =21(0.10+0.13) =0.115,
Y 63

Y^ 64 =21(0.10+0.25) =0.175,

^ =21(0.10+0.14) =0.12,
Y 65

Y^ 66=21(0.10+0.10) =0.10

Calculate the mean of these estimators:

1
Y^ HH ,mean= ∑ Y^ HH
36

1
= 36 (0.16 + 0.19 + 0.145 + 0.205 + 0.15 + 0.13 + 0.19 + 0.22 + 0.175 + 0.235 + 0.18
+ 0.16 + 0.145 + 0.175 + 0.13 + 0.19 + 0.135 + 0.115 + 0.205 + 0.235 + 0.19 + 0.25
+ 0.195 + 0.175 + 0.15 + 0.18 + 0.135 + 0.195 + 0.14 + 0.12 + 0.13 + 0.16 + 0.115 +
0.175 + 0.12 + 0.10)
=361×6=0.16667
Calculate the variance of these estimators
1
Var(Y^ ¿¿ HH )= 36 ∑ ( Y^ ¿ ¿ HH −Y^ HH mean ) ¿ ¿
2

∑ (Y^ ¿¿ HH −Y^ HHmean)2=0.000444 +0.000544+ 0.000474+0.001478+ 0.000278+0.001361+0.000544 +0.002835

1
Y^ HH ,mean= ∑ Y^ HH
36

47. 125
Y^ HH ,mean= =1.31
36

It is mean that the Hansen-Hurwitz estimator is 0.16667 ant the

variance is 1.31