Smart Parking Management System with Multi-

Camera Vehicle Detection

1st Dr. Tathagata Bhattacharya
Department of Computer Science
Auburn University at Montgomery
Montgomery , USA
tzb0063@aum.edu
2nd Sanjeevlu Buggargani
Department of Computer Science
Auburn University at Montgomery
Montgomery , USA
sbuggarg@aum.edu
3rd Yashwanth Reddy Kondakindi
Department of Computer Science
Auburn University at Montgomery
Montgomery , USA
ykondaki@aum.edu

4th Krishna Vamsi Damarla

Department of Computer Science
Auburn University at Montgomery
Montgomery , USA
kdamarla@aum.edu

Abstract— This paper introduces a multi-camera system

designed for the mapping of parking spaces within a parking area
and the recognition of vehicles. It addresses limitations in current
methodologies, which often excel in controlled conditions but lack
testing in real-world scenarios involving factors like weather and
lighting fluctuations. Many existing systems only offer partial
solutions, primarily focusing on detectors. To test the proposed
system, an experiment was conducted in the parking area of the
Random, replicating real-life conditions, including various
obstacles, lighting changes, and different weather patterns. A new
dataset was created for planning and validation purposes. The
system incorporates several post-processing steps and utilizes
object finders. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this
approach in challenging testing environments, including
situations with obstacles, varying light conditions, and different
atmospheric factors.
Keywords— Parking Management System, Vehicle Detection,
Parking Space Mapping and Automatic Spot Mapping
1. INTRODUCTION:
A significant annual investment is made on parking lots, a
service that is extensively used. These parking lots need costly
and often complicated administration, particularly those with
several locations like airports or large business districts.
Utilizing PC vision to deal with this issue rather than intrusive
sensors like acceptance circles or other weight moving sensors
enjoys many benefits [1]. Various worth added
administrations, such video surveillance and parking location
ideas, may likewise be presented by a vision-based system [2].
These advances help in the decongestion of crowded parking
garages by diverting cars to regions with lower inhabitance
and a speedier course.
Fig.1: Example figure
Most parking garages have easy-to-reach at surveillance
cameras, so often, the main thing that should be done is to
appropriately examine the information from the cameras that
are as of now there or finish the sending that the system can
work by adding more cams to make sure that everyone is
included.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
An algorithm for parking lot occupation detection:
An unsupervised vision-based system for parking lot
occupancy detection is presented in this study. The suggested
approach only uses a few frames per minute and has little
computational complexity. The method is based on three basic
steps for processing. The camera system takes a raw picture,
that is preprocessed in the first step. The shadows in the
picture have been considerably extended or separated. After
that, accounts will not anymore be hack. The next step is to
search out find best choice competition between individual or
more established cameras and parking spots that may be
visualized. During this process, occlusions are captured into a
report. Finally, the condition of the parking spot is checked. It
is possible to feed acquired parking lot occupancy data to an
intelligent transportation system, for example. Results from
experiments in both synthetic and natural environments are
encouraging, even under very difficult circumstances.
However, there is room for improvement in the technique that
is being offered.

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 A hierarchical Bayesian generation framework for
vacant parking space detection
This study advises a three-layer Bayesian hierarchical
framework (BHF) for exactly seeing void parking spots
according to the perspective of scene investigation. In real-
world scenarios, significant fluctuations in brightness,
shadows, perspective distortion, and vehicle inter-occlusion
pose difficulties for inferring free parking spaces. By putting
a secret marking layer between a perception layer and a scene
layer, the BHF gives an organized technique for figuring out
these distinctions. The proposed BHF really buckles down of
demonstrating the impediment design, viewpoint deformity,
and shadow impact through the associations between the
scene layer and the marking layer. The issue of changes in
luminance is treated as an assortment gathering issue and
settled through a request cycle that goes from the observation
layer to the marking layer. If you utilize the BHF strategy,
risking open parking spots and recognizing the state of the
scene are both seen as a solitary Bayesian optimization issue
that can be influenced by models for object affirmation,
shadowing, and shadow creation. The correctness of the
system was assessed via the use of morning-to-evening
recordings taken in the outdoor parking lot. According to
experimental findings, the suggested framework can
accurately discover the shaded parts, easily identify ground
and vehicle regions, compute the unoccupied space number in
a methodical manner, and successfully address the issue of
brightness changes.
A vehicle parking detection method using image
segmentation.
For routing of arriving automobiles to empty cells in a
parking lot and other similar applications, a technique of
individual vehicle identification utilizing grayscale
photographs taken from a high location is provided. The
suggested approach divides each picture region corresponding
to a cell into segments based on density (gray level), and then
determines if a vehicle is present by examining the segment
area distribution. Since reference photos from when the lot
was empty are not required, parking lots that are always
occupied may readily use this strategy. Since shape
characteristics are not used, detection happens regardless of
the shape of the automobile. Over the course of four days, in
a variety of weather situations, from dawn to sunset, the
suggested strategy was tested in an actual outdoor parking lot.
With a detection rate of over 98.7%, the findings validated the
effectiveness of the suggested approach.
An automatic monitoring approach for unsupervised
parking lots in outdoors
This article has created a video-based monitoring solution
for outdoor parking lots. Since parking lots are open, large
areas, it is difficult to discern details and distinguish moving
things in captured photos for purposes such as object
identification, object behavior analysis, or warning unlawful
events. An apparatus with two cameras was created and
adjusted by hand. It is possible to capture many high-quality
target photos from large open areas by using the calibrated
settings. When more than one item enters the monitoring area,
switching from tracking one target to another is simple. They
are all kept in DVR systems' video-based databases.
Furthermore, the object photos undergo processing in order to
facilitate subsequent retrieval. We presented some
experimental data to demonstrate the applicability of our
suggested methodologies.
A vision-based parking lot management system
A parking lot management system's objectives are to
measure the number of cars parked, keep track of how those
cars change over time, and locate open slots. An integrated
vision-based system is a viable option to save manufacturing
costs. We show a vision-based parking management system
that watches out for an open-air parking extent through four
cameras backed on the tops of neighboring forms. The cams
send information to an ITS middle data set over the internet.
This fact combines nonstop show news. This method makes it
plain for motorists to find open parking spaces or watch out
for the parking spots where they left their cars by utilizing a
remote specialized device. Initially, color management is
applied to every input picture to ensure color uniformity and
boost accuracy. Next, a backdrop model of an adaptable
parking lot is created. A camera takes a series of color
pictures, and mathematical methods are used to figure out
what color each parking spot should be. With this color
information, the foreground can be found. Based on the light
study, shadow recognition will change the result even more.
A vision-based parking management system just needs several
cameras to handle a large region. The camera's location may
be readily adjusted to make this technique workable in many
situations. In addition, the straightforward equipment of this
system makes it robust and simple to install.
3. METHODOLOGY
Since most parking areas have promptly accessible
surveillance cameras, the arrangement is frequently basically
as straightforward as processing the information from the
cameras that have proactively been introduced properly or
finishing the sending by adding more cameras to have a full
inclusion that permits the system to operate. With the
progression of item distinguishing proof calculations as of
late, autonomous parking management system usefulness may
now be gotten from these calculations' detections. The
previous strategies are generally founded on AI (SVMs, NN)
over spot fixes or picture segmentation.
Disadvantages:
1. Modern systems are getting better at that, and they've
been tried in controlled settings with a set number of
steps and never, all things considered, where things
are more troublesome. (like varieties in lighting and
meteorological circumstances).
2. Be that as it may, most of them basically give parts
of entire frameworks, frequently locators.
The Random parking garage was picked as the
experiment for the recommended system since it has
ongoing security cameras that could be utilized. This
implies that no additional cameras or other sensor setups
are required. The proposed format was made by
considering genuine occasions, like various kinds of
deterrents, lighting, and climate. A fresh batch of
multicamera accounts has been made for approval and
configuration purposes. The existing object identifiers
and the proposed postprocessing stages (the result of two
of them is shown) structure the premise of the framework.
 Advantages: use 1*1 convolution to compress the channels to 256 and
upscale this mask for inference on the input picture.
1. The outcomes unequivocally show that the proposed
technique works well in difficult situations, like 5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
practically whole impediments, varieties in light, and
different meteorological circumstances.
2. The flexibility against changing foundations is the
essential advantage of the proposed approach over
picture division-based arrangements.
3. The capacity of recognition-based frameworks to
endure "object occlusions" is another advantage. In
spite of the way that few current systems

Fig.3: Home screen

Fig.2: System architecture

MODULES:
We have used the accompanying modules to complete the
previously mentioned project.
➢ Importing the packages: This will get our desired
packs from our program. Fig.4: Registration

➢ the MaskRCNN class function: This will set up the

Cover RCNN bundle.
➢ Capability for Boxes: This will channel through the
Cover R-CNN tracking down information to just
show the trucks and vehicles that have proactively
been found.
➢ Loading the Model: This will make the model begin.
➢ Loading the video for analysis: The video is going to
begin.
➢ Prediction: With this module and Flask Framework's Fig.5: Login
assistance, the eventual outcome is displayed toward
the front.
4. IMPLEMENTATION
We are involving the accompanying calculation in our
venture:
MASKRCNN:
Mask R-CNN is a cutting-edge model, for instance, that
was built on top of Speedier R-CNN. A locale-based
convolutional neural network called Quicker R-CNN gives
each item in its group a surety number and a line box. Using
the photos that have been proactively analyzed and verified,
the Mask R-CNN Classifier is designed and tested. According Fig.6: Main screen
to our experimental results, harm may be evaluated with
95.13% accuracy on a dataset that is specially customized and
96.87% accuracy on photos that are randomly selected. To
anticipate the mask, Mask R-CNN makes use of a fully linked
network. This ConvNet produces the m*m mask
representation after receiving a ROI as input. Additionally, we

Fig.7: Detection
Fig.8: Parking
6. CONCLUSION
This study discusses a system with different cameras that
can deal with void parking spots in a parking area by
perceiving vehicles and directing them into accessible spots.
Current security cameras in parking areas could be utilized
with the recommended framework with a couple of changes.
This would dispose of the need to introduce every new
camera. More complicated circumstances than those dealt
with by state-of-the-art frameworks delay or prevent the
framework from working appropriately. These remember
practically absolute checks and changes for climate (overcast,
stormy, cold, and so on.). Due to the very changeable
backdrop in this situation, it is not feasible to precisely extract
the background or define the area of each location since some
parked cars totally block the view of the locations behind
them. Furthermore, a multicamera situation is considered,
which hasn't been documented for these kinds of systems as
far as we know. A fresh dataset has been synced and recorded.
The ground truth files, captured frames, and created parked
vehicle models make up the publicly accessible dataset. The
suggested system will be improved via several upcoming
development streams. Since we have opted for a
straightforward method of combination utilizing normalized
sigmoid functions, it is possible to investigate other functions
to maximize the fusion or combination of the various
information sources. Additionally, a fresh dataset with
additional cameras and other spatial arrangements might be
captured to observe the system's behavior in such
circumstances. To push the vehicle identifications along for a
brief time frame, a tracker could be added to the grouping
location to assemble the information accumulated over the
succession outlines. Besides that, since the screen is the initial
segment of the system, involving the most recent patterns in
object acknowledgment in this context might be conceivable.
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