REVIEWER IN ORAL COMMUNICATION – SECOND QUARTER
METHODS OF ORGANIZATION
1. COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES
• Nomination is used when we want to establish a topic in
a conversation.
• Termination is used to end a conversation.
• Topic shifting is used when moving from one topic to
another.
• Restriction limits what a speaker can say to avoid ideas
that are unnecessary and irrelevant to the topic.
2. SPEECH CONTEXT
• Intrapersonal communication: Sarah faces the mirror and
talks to herself asking what clothes to wear for the day,
what food to eat and what things to do.
• Interpersonal communication: This type of speech
context requires interaction with a small number of
individuals.
• Public communication: You were part of a student
council campaign and were asked to prepare a 3-
minute rebuttal speech on the issue of cyberbullying. As
an advocate, you spoke in front of everybody during the
meeting-de-avance.
3. SPEECH STYLES
• Intimate style occurs between and among family
members.
• Casual style happens between and among friends and
acquaintances.
• Reciting an oath is an example of frozen style.
• Giving a message in a virtual moving-up ceremony is an
example of formal style.
4. SPEECH ACTS
• Locutionary act refers to the utterance of the speaker to
a specific situation for an intended discourse impact.
• Illocutionary act refers to speaker’s intention in a
specific communicative context.
• Perlocutionary act that refers to the listener’s response
to the intended meaning of the speaker.
5. SPEECH WRITING
• In writing a speech, we should consider the audience’s
age, interest, and gender.
• Do not use impressive words just to amaze the audience
• Research what your audience know about the topic.
• Do not use jargon.
• Use varied methods to make the speech more
organized.
• Consider your audience’s attention span.
• Use catchy starter to get the audience attention.
• Ask someone to proofread and comment on your
speech.
6.
• Common strategies to of a conclusion are present a
• Chronological order refers to historical or time approach summary, signal to end the speech, and repeat the
(from past to the present) that presents ideas in time central idea.
order. • The considerations for achieving communicative
• Causal order involves a discussion of both cause and competence are speech context, speech act, and
effect of an issue. communicative strategies.
• Categorical/topical order divides the topic into • Audience profiling helps the speaker limit the content,
subtopics based on the importance or interest value or identify the language to be used during the delivery,
simply because the topic requires it. and discover information in order to connect with the
• Spatial/geographical requires the speaker to go from audience.
one place to another, from one direction to another. • when a speaker tells a joke or an anecdote or a
7. SPEECH DELIVERY powerful statement, he/she gains the audience's
• Professor Lois often focuses on the clarity of his words, attention.
pronunciation, and message or articulation to • Logical organization refers to all the aspects of your
effectively teach his students. writing that help the reader move smoothly from one
• Luis Manzano demonstrates good connection or sentence to the next, and from one paragraph to
rapport with the audience members of his top-rated another.
game show. • The body of the speech provides a definition,
• Adjusting your volume to the audience’s size and the examples, or any details that can help you deliver the
venue is part of enhancing modulation. purpose and the main idea of your speech.
• Swaying back and forth, leaning on the podium, biting • Questions part of the audience analysis are: Who is the
your lips, playing with your watch or jewelry, scratching audience?, Why should they be interested?, and What
parts of your body, and others are examples of do they know about the subject?
inappropriate gestures. • Every time your group conducts a meeting, nothing is
• Looking at your audience in the eye and giving a accomplished because the time is used due to
pleasant smile are a few ways to establish your stage irrelevant and unnecessary topics that intervene in the
presence. discussion. You keep the members focused by giving
8. ADDITIONAL TOPICS instructions before the meeting starts to confine and
• Formal language is normally used when speaking with limit what they can say.
professionals.
• Jargons or technical terms specific only for a group of
people should be avoided in a written speech.
• The five functions of a good introduction to a speech
are: establish credibility, gain audience attention,
state the purpose of the speech, preview the main
idea, and gives the audience reasons to listen.
• Speech context is characterized by considering the
kinds of audience and situations or environments in
which the communication takes place.
• "Excuse me, can you please repeat the question?”
uses repair as a communicative strategy.
• "I will hear your suggestion after you listen to my plan.”
Is an example of turn-taking strategy.
• The logical arrangement of speech: 1. Introduction; 2.
Body; and 3. Conclusion
• Speech writing is a recursive process, involves
audience analysis, and takes into consideration
grammatical correctness.