[@Neetxnoah]Ecology Ex

TG: @NEETxNOAH
PRE-MEDICAL
BOTANY
ENTHUSIAST | LEADER | ACHIEVER
EXERCISE
Ecology
ENGLISH MEDIUM

Biology : Ecology ®
TG: @NEETxNOAH Pre-Medical
EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) Build Up Your Understanding

ORGANISM TO SOME TERMINOLOGY 7. Group of two or more than two plant
1. Endemic plants - species is called as :-
(1) Cosmopolitan
(1) Plant community
(2) Occur in a particular area
(3) Occur at high altitudes (2) Animal ecosystem
(4) Occur on north pole (3) Plant ecosystem
BC0001 (4) Ecological niche
2. Increase of population under optimum OP0010
condition is termed.
8. Competition for food, light and space is
(1) Reproductive ability
(2) Secondary production most severe in -
(3) Biotic potential (1) Closely related species growing in the
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(4) Biomass same area (in the same niche)
DG0002 (2) Closely related species growing in
3. Occurence of endemic species in South different habitat
America and Australia due to :-
(3) Distantly related species growing in the
(1) These species has been extinct from
same habitat
other regions
(2) Continental separation (4) Distantly related species growing in
(3) There is no terrestrial route to these different habitat
places OP0013
(4) Retrogressive evolution 9. Most successful parasites are those which
BC0003 do not
4. In a population unrestricted reproductive
(1) Grow free
capacity is called as :
(2) Kill their host
(1) Biotic potential
(2) Fertility (3) Reproduce sexually
(3) Carrying capacity (4) Survive in soil
(4) Birth rate OP0014
DG0004 10. The basic unit of ecological study is :-
5. What is true for individuals of same (1) species
species :-
(2) organism
(1) Live in same niche
(2) Live in same habitat (3) community
(3) Interbreeding (4) biosphere
(4) Live in different habitat OP0015
OP0005 11. Mycorrhizae relationship between fungi
6. When the two ecosystems overlap each and roots of higher plants is ?
other the area is called.
(1) Parasitic relationship
(1) Ecotone
(2) Niche (2) Saprophytic relationship
(3) Edge effect (3) Symbiotic relationship
(4) Ecotypes (4) Epiphytic relationship
OP0006 OP0016
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® Biology : Ecology
Pre-Medical TG: @NEETxNOAH
12. Parasites adversely affect :- ECOLOGY - ECOSYSTEM TO PRODUCTIVITY
(1) Survival of host. 17. In an ecosystem :
(2) Growth of host. (1) Primary producers are more than
(3) Reproduction potential of host. primary consumers
(4) All of the above (2) Primary consumers are larger than
OP0017 primary producers
13. Identify the correct match :- (3) Secondary consumers are larger than
Column – I Column – II primary producers
(i) Species (a) Great influence on (4) Primary consumers are least depend on
diversity community stability primary producers
(ii) Species (b) Zonation according
ES0024
dominance to the need of light
18. Ecosystem term coined by -
(iii) Stratification (c) Different types of
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species in a (1) Odum (2) Mishra
community (3) Reiter (4) Tansley
(iv) Keystone (d) Highest no. of one ES0025
species type of species 19. Large ecosystems are called -
(1) i–c, ii–b, iii–a, iv–d (1) Biomes (2) Ecotone
(2) i–c, ii–d, iii–b, iv–a
(3) Ecads (4) Biocoenosis
(3) i–b, ii–a, iii–d, iv–c
ES0026
(4) i–b, ii–d, iii–a, iv–c
20. Which one is not a functional aspect of
OP0018
ecosytem ?
14. The group of organisms of different species
(1) Energy flow
forms a :-
(1) Community (2) Population (2) Productivity
(3) Ecosystem (4) Biome (3) Decomposition
OP0020 (4) Stratification
15. Which of the following is an epiphyte ? ES0027
(1) Orchid (2) Lianas 21. Vultures in an ecosystem are -
(3) Santalum (4) Mango (1) Predators (2) Scavangers
OP0022 (3) Consumers (4) Top carnivores
16. The correct statement for parasites is/are :- ES0028
(a) Host specific parasites & hosts tend to 22. The maximum energy is stored at which of
co-evolve the following trophic level in any
(b) Parasites have highly developed sense ecosystem -
organs
(1) Producers (2) Herbivores
(c) Parasites may reduce population
(3) Carnivores (4) Top carnivores
density of host
ES0029
(d) Parasites have highly developed
23. The source of energy in an ecosystem is -
digestive system
(1) Sunlight (2) DNA
(1) a and b (2) b and c
(3) ATP (4) RNA
(3) a and c (4) a and d
ES0030
OP0023
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24. Ecosystem may be defined as - 30. A pond is a :-
(1) A localized association of several plants (1) Biome
and animals (2) Natural ecosystem
(2) Different communities of plants, (3) Artificial ecosystem
animals and microbes together with (4) Community of plants & animals
their physico-chemical environment.
ES0037
(3) Different communities of plants
31. Nepenthes (Insectivorous pitcher plant) is -
microbes plus their physico-chemical
(1) Producer (2) Consumer
environment
(4) None of the above (3) Both 1 & 2 (4) None of these
ES0031 ES0038
25. The importance of ecosystem lies in - 32. Which one is omnivorous -
(1) Flow of energy (1) Frog (2) Lion (3) Deer (4) Man
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(2) Cycling of materials ES0039
(3) Both the above 33. Which biotic components mainly help in
(4) None of the above recycling of minerals -
ES0032 (1) Producers (2) Consumers
26. Ecosystem is – (3) Decomposers (4) All the above
(1) Any functional unit that includes the ES0040
whole community in a given area 34. Trophic levels are formed by -
interacting with the abiotic factors
(1) Only plants
(2) A group of green plants
(2) Only carnivores
(3) A group of animals interacting with
(3) Only animals
environment
(4) Organisms linked in food chain
(4) Man and pets living together
ES0033 ES0041
27. Who proposed that ecosystem is symbol of 35. In a forest ecosystem green plants are -
structure & function of nature - (1) Primary producers
(1) Gardner (2) Odum (2) Consumers
(3) Tansley (4) Reiter (3) Primary consumers
ES0034 (4) Decomposers
28. Largest ecosystem of the world are ES0042
(1) Forests (2) Grasslands 36. In an ecosystem the function of the
(3) Great lakes (4) Oceans producers is to
ES0035
(1) Convert organic compounds into
29. Which of the following is a man made
inorganic compounds
artificial ecosystem
(2) Trap solar energy and convert it into
(1) Grassland ecosystem
(2) Forest ecosystem chemical energy
(3) Ecosystem of artificial lakes & dams (3) Utilize chemical energy
(4) None of these (4) Release energy
ES0036 ES0043
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37. With regard to ecological food chain, man 42. Path of energy flow in an ecosystem is :
is a - (1) Herbivorous → producer → carnivorous
(1) Consumer → decomposer
(2) Producer (2) Herbivorous → carnivorous → producer
(3) Both consumer & producer → decomposer
(4) decomposer (3) Producer → carnivorous → herbivorous
ES0044 → decomposer
38. A plant, being eaten by a herbivore which (4) Producer → herbivorous → carnivorous
in turn is eaten by a carnivore makes - → decomposer
(1) Food chain ES0049
(2) Web of Food 43. Pyramids of energy are -
(3) Omnivores (1) Always upright (2) Always Inverted
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(4) Interdependence (3) Mostly upright (4) Mostly inverted
ES0045 ES0050
39. When peacock, eats snake which eats 44. The ecological pyramid of numbers in pond
insects depends on green plants, the ecosystem is -
peacock is - (1) Upright
(1) a primary consumer (2) Inverted
(2) a primary decomposer (3) May upright or Inverted
(4) First upright then inverted
(3) a final decomposer of plants
ES0051
(4) the apex of the food pyramid
45. An ecosystem resists change because it is in
ES0046
a state of-
40. If we completely remove decomposers
(1) Homeostasis
from an ecosystem, the ecosystem
(2) Regular Illumination
functioning will be adversely affected
(3) Static Imbalance
because -
(4) Food accumulation
(1) Mineral movement will be blocked
ES0052
(2) Herbivores will not receive solar energy
46. What is true about any ecosystem -
(3) Energy flow will be blocked
(1) It is self regulatory
(4) Rate of decomposition of other
(2) It is self sustained
components will be very high
(3) Top carnivores have climax trophic level
ES0047
position
41. Bamboo plant is growing in a far forest
(4) All
then what will be the trophic level of it :-
ES0053
(1) First trophic level (T1) 47. The Pyramid of numbers in grassland
(2) Second trophic level (T2) ecosystem will be -
(3) Third trophic level (T3) (1) Upright (2) Inverted
(4) Fourth trophic level (T4) (3) Irregular (4) Linear
ES0048 ES0054
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48. Which ecosystem has maximum number of 54. The soil near the surface is usually darker
producers in an unit area - then the soil about one meter down. This
(1) Pond (2) Grassland is because the top soil is
(3) Forest (4) Tundra (1) Young & wet
ES0055 (2) Richer in organic matter
49. The storage of energy at consumer level is (3) Richer in Ca & Mg
known as- (4) Dry
(1) Grass primary production ES0065
(2) Secondary productivity 55. A soil is said to be fertile when
(3) Net primary productivity (1) It is rich in organic matter
(4) Net productivity (2) It has capacity to hold water
ES0056 (3) It has a capacity to hold nutrients
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50. Gross primary productivity is - (4) It holds water & all essential nutrients in
(1) Rate at which organic molecules are a definite proportion
formed in an autotroph ES0066
(2) Rate at which organic molecules are 56. What is the best pH of the soil for
used up by an autotroph cultivation of plants:-
(3) Storage of organic molecules in the (1) 3.4 – 5.4 (2) 6.5 – 7.5
body of an autotroph (3) 4.5 – 8.5 (4) 5.5 – 6.5
(4) Rate at which organic molecules are ES0067
transferred to next higher trophic level 57. Forests near equator region are called -
ES0057 (1) Deciduous
ECOLOGY-ABIOTIC FACTOR TO BIOSPHERE (2) Tropical rain forests
51. Which is best for plant growth - (3) Coniferous forests
(1) Loamy soil (4) Temperate forests
(2) Silt ES0068
(3) Sandy soil 58. Grasslands with scattered trees are called -
(4) Clay soil (1) Pampas (2) Steppes
ES0061 (3) Prairies (4) Savanna
ES0069
52. The science dealing with soil is called -
59. Temperate evergreen forests in India found
(1) Pedology (2) Acarology
in -
(3) Geology (4) Paleontology
(1) Himalaya (2) W. Bengal
ES0063
(3) Andman (4) Rajasthan
53. A good soil is that which -
ES0070
(1) holds whole of the water entering into it
60. Which biome refers to arctic desert -
(2) Allows limited amount of water into it
(1) Tundra
(3) Allows the water to percolate slowly
into it (2) Taiga
(4) Allows the water to pass very quickly (3) Savanna
from it (4) Thar desert
ES0064 ES0071
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61. Which biome is most rich in fauna and flora - 67. Which is not a renewable source -
(1) Deciduous forests (1) Forest
(2) Chaparral (2) Coal
(3) Tropical rain forests (3) Water
(4) Taiga
(4) Forest organism
ES0072
EI0124
62. Autumn colouration of leaves appear only
68. Biosphere refers to
in -
(1) Tropical regions (1) Plants of the world
(2) evergreen plants (2) Special plants
(3) temperate deciduous plants (3) Area occupied by living beings
(4) deserts (4) Plants of a particular area
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ES0073 OP0125
63. All the living organisms and non-living 69. Which of the following is the non
factors of the earth constitute - conventional source of energy
(1) Biosphere (2) Community (1) Coal
(3) Biome (4) Association
(2) Petroleum
ES0076
(3) Electricity from nuclear power plants
64. The term biosphere is used for the zone of
(4) Solar radiations
the earth where life exists -
(1) On the lithosphere EI0126
(2) In the hydrosphere 70. Petroleum resource is
(3) In the lithosphere and hydrosphere (1) Renewable
(4) In the lithosphere, hydrosphere and (2) Non renewable
atmosphere (3) Synthetic
ES0077 (4) Infinite & nonconventional
65. A biosphere is composed of EI0127
(1) Living organisms
71. Red data book is famous for -
(2) Living organisms + Lithosphere
(1) Extinct plants and animals
(3) Living organisms + lithosphere +
(2) Extinct plants only
atmosphere
(4) Living organisms + lithosphere + (3) Endangered plants and animals
atmosphere + hydrosphere (4) Extinct animals only
ES0078 BC0128
ECOLOGY-NATURAL RESOURCES 72. Green book contains :-
66. Phytotron is a device by which - (1) The list of endangered plants
(1) electrons are bombarbed (2) The list of extinct plants
(2) protons are liberated (3) The list of rare plants grown in botanical
(3) plants are grown in controlled
gardens
environment
(4) Flora of certain area
(4) Mutations are produced in plants
EI0123 BC0129
134
73. The method by which endangered plant 76. Wildlife Protection Act was enacted in India
species are conserved in a botanical garden in
or in some controlled circumstances - (1) 1947 (2) 1962 (3) 1972 (4) 1992
(1) Afforestation BC0134
(2) In-situ conservation 77. Number of wildlife is continuously

decreasing. What is the main reason of this :-
(3) Ex-situ conservation
(1) Predation
(4) None of the above
(2) Cutting down of forest
BC0130
(3) Destruction of habitat
74. Which one of the following may be the (4) Hunting
reason for extinction of plant species due
BC0135
to human activities -
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78. One of the following is associated with the
(1) Earthquakes (2) Pollution conservation of forests
(3) Diseases (4) Evolution (1) Kaziranga
BC0131 (2) Ghana
75. The main aim of plant conservation is - (3) Silent valley
(1) To conserve the necessary ecological (4) Gir
activities and life supporting systems BC0136
(2) To conserve species diversity and range
of genetic material
(3) Both the above
BC0132
EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) ANSWER KEY

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 2 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 2 1 1
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. 3 1 4 1 4 2 1 1 2 3 1 3 4 3 2
Que. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Ans. 3 4 3 4 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 1
Que. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 1 1
Que. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
Ans. 3 3 1 4 4 3 2 3 4 2 3 3 3 2 3
Que. 76 77 78
Ans. 3 3 3
135
EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET
AIPMT 2014 C D
1. An example of ex situ conservation is :- B
(1) National Park A
(2) Seed Bank

(3) Wildlife Sanctuary
Options :
(4) Sacred Grove A B C D
BC0253 Other
2. A location with luxuriant growth of lichens (1) Insects Crustaceans animal Molluscs
groups
on the trees indicates that the :-
Other
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(1) Trees are very healthy (2) Crustaceans Insects Molluscs animal
groups
(2) Trees are heavily infested
Other animal
(3) Location is highly polluted (3) Molluscs Crustaceans Insects
groups
(4) Location is not polluted Other
EI0254 (4) Insects Molluscs Crustaceans animal
groups
3. A species facing extremely high risk of
BC0261
extinction in the immediate future is 6. If 20 J of energy is trapped at producer
called:- level, then how much energy will be
(1) Vulnerable available to peacock as food in the
(2) Endemic following chain?
(3) Critically Endangered plant → mice → snake → peacock
(4) Extinct (1) 0.02 J (2) 0.002 J
BC0255 (3) 0.2 J (4) 0.0002 J
4. The organization which publishes the Red ES0263
List of species is :-
AIPMT 2015
(1) ICFRE 7. Cryopreservation of gametes of threatened
(2) IUCN species in viable and fertile condition can
(3) UNEP be referred to as:-
(4) WWF (1) Advanced ex-situ conservation of
BC0257 biodiversity
5. Given below is the representation of the
(2) In situ conservation by sacred groves
extent of global diversity of invertebrates.
(3) In situ cryo-conservation of biodiversity
What groups the four portions (A-D)
(4) In situ conservation of biodiversity
represent respectively :-
BC0268
136
8. The UN Conference of Parties on climate 13. In an ecosystem the rate of production of
change in the year 2011 was held in :- organic matter during photosynthesis is
(1) South Africa (2) Peru termed as:
(3) Qatar (4) Poland (1) Gross primary productivity
EI0270
(2) Secondary productivity
9. Most animals are tree dwellers in a:-
(3) Net productivity
(1) Thorn woodland
(4) Net primary productivity
(2) Temperate deciduous forest
ES0276
(3) Tropical rain forest
14. The following graph depicts changes in two
(4) Coniferous forest
populations (A and B) of herbivores in a
ES0272
®
grassy field A possible reason for these
10. In which of the following both pairs have
changes is that :
correct combination :-
(1) In situ conservation : Cryopreservation
B
Number of
Organisms
Ex situ conservation : Wildlife Sanctuary
(2) In situ conservation : Seed Bank
A
Ex situ conservation : National Park
Time
(3) In situ conservation : Tissue culture
(1) Population B competed more
Ex situ conservation : Sacred groves
successfully for food than population A
(4) In situ conservation : National Park
(2) Population A produced more offspring
Ex situ conservation : Botanical Garden
than population B
BC0273
(3) Population A consumed the members of
11. Vertical distribution of different species
occupying different levels in a biotic population B
community is known as: (4) Both plant populations in this habitat
(1) Stratification (2) Zonation decreased
(3) Pyramid (4) Divergence OP0278
OP0274 Re-AIPMT 2015
15. Most animals that live in deep oceanic
12. The mass of living material at a trophic
level at a particular time is called : waters are:
(1) Detritivores
(1) Standing state
(2) Primary consumers
(3) Secondary consumers
(3) Standing crop
(4) Tertiary consumers
(4) Gross primary productivity
ES0279
ES0275
137
16. An association of individuals of different NEET-I 2016
species living in the same habitat and 21. Gause's principle of competitive exclusion
having functional interactions is : states that :
(1) Population (1) More abundant species will exclude the
(2) Ecological niche less abundant species through
(3) Biotic community competition.
(4) Ecosystem (2) Competition for the same resources

excludes species having different food
OP0280
preferences.
17. In which of the following interactions both
(3) No two species can occupy the same
partners are adversely affected ?
niche indefinitely for the same limiting
(1) Mutualism
resources.
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(2) Competition (4) Larger organisms exclude smaller ones
(3) Predation through competition.
(4) Parasitism OP0293
OP0282 22. A system of rotating crops with legume or
18. The species confined to a particular region grass pasture to improve soil structure and
fertility is called:-
and not found elsewhere is termed as :
(1) Ley farming
(1) Rare (2) Keystone
(2) Contour farming
(3) Alien (4) Endemic
(3) Strip farming
BC0283 (4) Shifting agriculture
19. Which the following are most suitable ES0294
indicators of SO2 pollution in the 23. Which is the National Aquatic Animal of
environment ? India ?
(1) Fungi (1) Gangetic shark
(2) Lichens (2) River dolphin
(3) Conifers (3) Blue whale
(4) Algae (4) Sea-horse
EI0288 BC0295
24. Which of the following is the most
20. The UN conference of Parties on climate
important cause of animals and plants
change in the year 2012 was held at :
being driven to extinction ?
(1) Warsaw
(1) Over - exploitation
(2) Durban
(2) Alien species invasion
(3) Doha (3) Habitat loss and fragmentation
(4) Lima (4) Co-extinctions
EI0289 BC0296
138
25. Which of the following is a characteristic 31. Which of the following is correct for
feature of cropland ecosystem ? r-selected species ?
(1) Absence of soil organisms (1) Small number of progeny with small size
(2) Least genetic diversity (2) Small number of progeny with large size
(3) Absence of weeds (3) Large number of progeny with small size
(4) Ecological succession
(4) Large number of progeny with large size
ES0297
DG0304
26. Joint Forest Management Concept was
introduced in India during : 32. Red list contains data or information on :
(1) 1960 s (2) 1970 s (1) threatened species
(3) 1980 s (4) 1990 s (2) marine vertebrates only
EI0298 (3) all economically important plants
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27. The term ecosystem was coined by :- (4) plants whose products are in
(1) E.P. Odum (2) A.G. Tansley international trade
(3) E. Haeckel (4) E. Warming BC0305
ES0299 33. The principle of competitive exclusion was
28. When does the growth rate of a population stated by :-
following the logistic model equal zero ? (1) MacArthur (2) Verhulst and Pearl
The logistic model is given as dN/dt = rN (3) C. Darwin (4) G.F. Gause
(1–N/K) :- OP0307
(1) when N/K is exactly one. 34. Which of the following National Parks is
(2) when N nears the carrying capacity of home to the famous musk deer or hangul?
the habitat.
(1) Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal
(3) when N/K equals zero. Pradesh
(4) when death rate is greater than birth (2) Dachigam National Park, Jammu &
rate. Kashmir
DG0014 (3) Keibul Lamjao National Park, Manipur
NEET-II 2016 (4) Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya
29. How many hot spots of biodiversity in the
Pradesh
world have been identified till date by
BC0308
Norman Myers ?
NEET(UG) 2017
(1) 34 (2) 43 (3) 17 (4) 25
35. Which one of the following is related to Ex-
BC0302
situ conservation of threatened animals
30. The primary producers of the deep-sea
and plants ?
hydrothermal vent ecosystem are :
(1) Blue-green algae (1) Biodiversity hot spots
(2) Coral reefs (2) Amazon rainforest
(3) Green algae (3) Himalayan region
(4) Chemosynthetic bacteria (4) Wildlife safari parks
ES0303 EC0315
139
36. Which ecosystem has the maximum 41. In a hypothetical population of 100
biomass ? individual having ‘r' = 0.5/female/year,
(1) Grassland ecosystem what will be the population size in 6 years
(2) Pond ecosystem (with e = 2.72) showing exponential rate of
(3) Lake ecosystem growth?
(4) Forest ecosystem
(1) 1218 (2) 739
ES0317
(3) 2012 (4) 448
37. Presence of plants arranged into well
DG0324
defined vertical layers depending on their
height can be seen best in: 42. Which scientist proposed 'Rivet popper
(1) Tropical Rain Forest hypothesis' related to biodiversity and
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(2) Grassland Ecosystems?
(3) Temperate Forest (1) Alexander von Humboldt
(4) Tropical Savannah (2) Paul Ehrlich
ES0318 (3) David Tilman
38. Alexander Von Humbolt described for the (4) Tansley
first time:
BC0330
(1) Laws of limiting factor
43. Which of the following statements is not
(2) Species area relationships
true ?
(3) Population Growth equation
(4) Ecological Biodiversity (1) A single organism can feed at several
BC0319 trophic levels

39. Mycorrhizae are the example of: (2) Detritivores feed at all trophic levels
(1) Amensalism except the producer level
(2) Antibiosis (3) Primary consumers are herbivores
(3) Mutualism (4) Energy pyramids of an ecosystem tend
(4) Fungistasis to diminish at higher trophic levels
OP0320
ES0331
40. The region of Biosphere Reserve which is
44. Asymptote in a logistic growth curve is
legally protected and where no human
obtained when :
activity is allowed is known as:
(1) Buffer zone (1) K = N
(2) Transition zone (2) K > N

(3) Restoration zone (3) K < N
(4) Core zone (4) The value of 'r' approaches zero
BC0322 DG0015
140
NEET(UG) 2018 50. Which one of the following population
45. Niche is interactions is widely used in medical
(1) all the biological factors in the organism science for the production of antibiotics ?
environment (1) Commensalism
(2) the physical space where an organism
(2) Mutualism
live
(3) Parasitism
(3) the range of temperature that the
organism needs to live (4) Amensalism
(4) the functional role played by the OP0340
organism where it lives 51. Which of the following flowers only once in
OP0334 its life-time ?
46. What type of ecological pyramid would (1) Bamboo species (2) Jackfruit
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obtained with the following data ? (3) Mango (4) Papaya
Secondary consumer : 120 g DG0016
Primary consumer : 60 g 52. Natality refers to
Primary producer : 10 g (1) Death rate
(1) Inverted pyramid of biomass (2) Birth rate
(2) Pyramid of energy
(3) Number of individuals leaving the habitat
(3) Upright pyramid of numbers
(4) Number of individuals entering a habitat
(4) Upright pyramid of biomass
DG0017
ES0335
53. In a growing population of a country
47. World Ozone Day is celebrated on
(1) pre-reproductive individuals are more
(1) 5th June (2) 21st April
than the reproductive individuals.
(3) 16th September (4) 22nd April
(2) reproductive individuals are less than
EI0336
the post-reproductive individuals.
48. Which one of the following plants shows a
(3) reproductive and pre-reproductive
very close relationship with a species of
moth, where none of the two can complete individuals are equal in number.
its life cycle without the other? (4) pre-reproductive individuals are less
(1) Hydrilla (2) Yucca than the reproductive individuals.
(3) Banana (4) Viola DG0018
ES0337 NEET(UG) 2019
49. All of the following are included in 'Ex-situ 54. Which one of the following is not a method
conservation' except of in situ conservation of biodiversity?
(1) Wildlife safari parks (1) Biosphere Reserve
(2) Sacred groves (2) Wildlife Sanctuary
(3) Botanical gardens (3) Botanical Garden
(4) Seed banks (4) Sacred Grove
BC0338 BC0502
141
55. Which of the following protocols did aim NEET(UG) 2019 (Odisha)
for reducing emission of 59. Carnivorous animals - lions and leopards,
chloroflurocarbons into the atmosphere? occupy the same niche but lions predate
(1) Montreal protocol mostly larger animals and leopards take
smaller ones. This mechanism of
(2) Kyoto protocol
competition is referred to as :-
(3) Gothenburg Protocol
(1) Character displacement
(4) Geneva Protocol
(2) Altruism
EI0505
(3) Resource partitioning
56. The Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in
(4) Competitive exclusion
1992 was called : OP0510
®
(1) to reduce CO2 emissions and global 60. Decline in the population of indian native
warming. fishes due to introduction of Clarias
(2) for conservation of biodiversity and gariepinus in river Yamuna can be
sustainable utilization of its benefits. categoriesd as :-
(3) to assess threat posed to native species (1) Co-extinction
by invasive weed species. (2) Habitat fragmentation
(4) for immediate steps to discontinue use (3) Over exploitation
of CFCs that were damaging the ozone (4) Alien species invasion
BC0511
layer.
61. Western Ghats have a large number of
EI0507
plant and animal species that are not found
57. Which of the following ecological pyramids
anywhere else. Which of the following
is generally inverted ?
terms will you use to notify such species?
(1) Pyramid of numbers in grassland
(1) Endemic
(2) Pyramid of energy (2) Vulnerable
(3) Pyramid of biomass in a forest (3) Threatened
(4) Pyramid of biomass in a sea (4) Keystone
ES0508 BC0512
58. Which of the following is the most 62. Between which among the following, the
important causes for animals and plants relationship is not an example of
being driven to extinction? commensalism?
(1) Habitat loss and fragmentation (1) Orchid and the tree on which it grows
(2) Drought and floods (2) Cattle Egret and grazing cattle
(3) Economic exploitation (3) Sea Anemone and Clown fish
(4) Alien species invasion (4) Female wasp and fig species
BC0509 OP0514
142
63. Exploration of molecular, genetic and 67. Which of the following regions of the globe
species level diversity for novel products of exhibits highest species diversity?
economic importance is known as:
(1) Amazon forests
(1) Biopiracy (2) Bioenergetics
(2) Western Ghats of India
(3) Bioremediation (4) Bioprospecting
(3) Madagascar
BC0517
(4) Himalayas
NEET(UG) 2020
64. According to Robert May, the global BC0523
species diversity is about : 68. Montreal protocol was signed in 1987 for
(1) 7 million (2) 1.5 million control of :
(3) 20 million (4) 50 million
(1) Disposal of e-wastes
BC0518
®
(2) Transport of Genetically modified
65. Match the trophic levels with their correct
organisms from one country to another
species examples in grassland ecosystem.
(a) Fourth trophic level (i) Crow (3) Emission of ozone depleting substances
(b) Second trophic level (ii) Vulture (4) Release of Green House gases
(c) First trophic level (iii) Rabbit EI0524
(d) Third trophic level (iv) Grass 69. Which of the following is not an attribute
Select the correct option :
of a population?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) Species interaction
(1) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(2) Sex ratio
(2) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(3) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) (3) Natality
(4) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) (4) Mortality
ES0519 DG0019
66. In relation to Gross primary productivity NEET(UG) 2020 (Covid-19)
and Net primary productivity of an 70. Which of the following statements is
ecosystem, which one of the following incorrect?
statements is correct ?
(1) Biomass decreases from first to fourth
(1) There is no relationship between Gross
trophic level
primary productivity and Net primary
productivity. (2) Energy content gradually increases from
(2) Gross primary productivity is always first to fourth trophic level
less than net primary productivity. (3) Number of individuals decreases from
(3) Gross primary productivity is always first trophic level to fourth trophic level
more than net primary productivity.
(4) Energy content gradually decreases
(4) Gross primary productivity and Net
from first to fourth trophic level
primary productivity are one and same.
ES0520 ES0525
143
71. A species which was introduced for 75. According to Alexander von Humboldt :
ornamentation but has become a trouble- (1) Species richness decreases with
some weed in India : increasing area of exploration
(1) Parthenium hysterophorus (2) Species richness increases with
(2) Eichhornia crassipes increasing area, but only up to limit
(3) Prosopis juliflora (3) There is no relationship between
(4) Trapa spinosa species richness and area explored.
EI0526 (4) Species richness goes on increasing with
72. In the following in each set a conservation increasing area of exploration
approach and an example of method of BC0533
conservation are given 76. The impact of immigration on population
(a) In situ conservation - Biosphere Reserve density is :-
®
(b) Ex situ conservation - Sacred groves (1) Negative
(c) In situ conservation - Seed bank (2) Both positive and negative
(d) Ex situ conservation - Cryopreservation (3) Neutralized by natality
Select the option with correct match of (4) Positive
approach and method : DG0020
(1) (a) and (c) (2) (a) and (d) NEET(UG) 2021
(3) (b) and (d) (4) (a) and (b) 77. Inspite of interspecific competition in
BC0527 nature, which mechanism the competing
73. The rate of decomposition is faster in the species might have evolved for their
ecosystem due to following factors EXCEPT: survival ?
(1) Detritus rich in sugars (1) Resource partitioning
(2) Warm and moist environment (2) Competitive release
(3) Presence of aerobic soil microbes (3) Mutualism
(4) Detritus richer in lignin and chitin (4) Predation
ES0530 OP0534
74. Match the items in Column-I with those in 78. Amensalism can be represented as :
Column-II : (1) Species A (–); Species B (0)
Column I Column II
(2) Species A (+); Species B (+)
(a) Herbivores-Plants (i) Commensalism
(3) Species A (–); Species B (–)
(b) Mycorrhiza-Plants (ii) Mutualism
(4) Species A (+); Species B (0)
(c) Sheep-Cattle (iii) Predation
OP0535
(d) Orchid-Tree (iv) Competition
79. The amount of nutrients, such as carbon,
Select the correct option from following :
(1) (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii) nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium present
(2) (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i) in the soil at any given time, is referred as :
(3) (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv) (1) Climax (2)Climax community
(4) (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii) (3) Standing state (4) Standing crop
OP0532 ES0536
144
80. Which of the following statements is not 85. Match the columns I and II, and choose the
correct? correct combination from the options
(1) Pyramid of biomass in sea is generally
given.
inverted.
(2) Pyramid of biomass in sea is generally Column I Column II
upright. a. Pond i. Man made ecosystem
(3) Pyramid of energy is always upright. b. Estuary ii Closed ecosystem
(4) Pyramid of numbers in a grassland
ecosystem is upright. c. Forest iii. Aquatic ecosystem
ES0537 d. Crop field iv. Terrestrial ecosystem
81. In the equation GPP–R = NPP (1) a–iii, b–ii, c–iv, d–i
R represents :
(2) a–iv, b–i, c–ii, d–iii
(1) Radiant energy
®
(2) Retardation factor (3) a–iii, b–iii, c–iv, d–i
(3) Environment factor (4) a–ii, b–iii, c–iv, d–i
(4) Respiration losses ES0547
ES0538
86. Loss of biodiversity in a region may lead to
82. In the exponential growth equation
Nt = N0ert, e represents: (1) Decline in plant production
(1) The base of number logarithms (2) Lowered resistance to drought
(2) The base of exponential logarithms (3) Increased variability in disease cycles
(3) The base of natural logarithms
(4) The base of geometric logarithms (4) All of the above
DG0021 BC0548
NEET(UG) 2021 (Paper-2) 87. A plant receives 1000 J of energy from sun.
83. Find the wrongly matched pair.
The amount of energy will be present at
(1) Clarias gariepinus – African catfish
(2) Himalaya – Hotspot the second trophic level is
(3) Aravalli hills – Sacred groves (1) 1 J (2) 10 J
(4) Earth Summit – South Africa
(3) 100 J (4) 0.1 J
BC0543
84. The following graph shows ES0549
z
S=CA 88. If a pond has 40 lotus plants last year and
Log S= log C + z log A through reproduction 8 new plants are
added, taking the current population to 48,
what will be the birth rate?
(1) 0.6 offspring per lotus per year
(1) Plant–animal relationship (2) 0.5 offspring per lotus per year
(2) Algae–fungi relationship (3) 0.2 offspring per lotus per year
(3) Species–volume relationship
(4) 0.1 offspring per lotus per year
(4) Species-area relationship
BC0544 DG0032
145
NEET(UG) 2022 (1) Both Statement I and Statement II are
89. Habitat loss and fragmentation, over incorrect
exploitation, alien species invasion and (2) Statement I is correct but Statement II
co-extinction are causes for: is incorrect
(1) Competition (3) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II
(2) Biodiversity loss is correct
(3) Natality (4) Both Statement I and Statement II are
(4) Population explosion correct
BC0551 ES0555
93. While explaining interspecific interaction of
90. Which one of the following statements
population, (+) sign is assigned for
cannot be connected to Predation ?
beneficial interaction, (–) sign is assigned
®
(1) It might lead to extinction of a species
for detrimental interaction and (0) for
(2) Both the interacting species are
neutral interaction. Which of the following
negatively impacted
interactions can be assigned (+) for one
(3) It is necessitated by nature to maintain species and (–) for another species involved
the ecological balance in the interaction ?
(4) It helps in maintaining species diversity (1) Amensalism (2) Commensalism
in a community (3) Competition (4) Predation
OP0553 OP0558
91. Which of the following is not a method of 94. Detritivores breakdown detritus into
ex situ conservation ? smaller particles. This process is called :
(1) National Parks (1) Fragmentation (2) Humification
(2) Micropropagation (3) Decomposition (4) Catabolism
(3) Cryopreservation ES0559
(4) In vitro fertilization 95. In-situ conservation refers to:
(1) Conserve only high risk species
BC0554
(2) Conserve only endangered species
92. Given below are two statements:
(3) Conserve only extinct species
Statement I:
(4) Protect and conserve the whole
Decomposition is a process in which the
ecosystem
detritus is degraded into simpler
BC0560
substances by microbes. 96. If '8' Drosophila in a laboratory population
Statement II: of '80' died during a week, the death rate in
Decomposition is faster if the detritus is the population is ___________ individuals
rich in lignin and chitin per Drosophila per week.
In the light of the above statements, (1) 10 (2) 1.0
choose the correct answer from the (3) zero (4) 0.1
options given below: DG0033
146
NEET(UG) 2022 (OVERSEAS) 100. Which of the following are not correct
regarding decomposition of wastes?
97. Which of the following come under the
(a) Low temperature inhibits
"Evil Quartet"?
decomposition.
(a) Habitat loss and fragmentation (b) Warm and moist environment favours the
(b) Over-exploitation process.
(c) Alien species invasion (c) The process is anaerobic.
(d) Mortality (d) It is slower if detritus is rich in proteins
and carbohydrates.
(e) Competition
(e) Detritus is degraded into simpler
Choose the correct answer from the
inorganic substances by fungal and
options given below : bacterial enzymes.
(1) (b), (c) and (d) (2) (a), (b) and (c) Choose the correct answer from the
®
(3) (a), (b) and (d) (4) (a), (c) and (d) options given below :
BC0563 (1) (c), (a) and (d) only
(2) (c) and (d) only
98. Identify the correct set of statements with
(3) (c), (d) and (e) only
regard to properties of humus. (4) (b) and (c) only
(a) Highly resistant to microbial action. ES0567
(b) Dark coloured amorphous substance. 101. Endemism refers to :
(c) End product of detritus food chain. (1) Species evenness
(d) Reservoir of nutrients. (2) Species confined to that region
(3) Species diversity
(e) Undergoes decomposition very fast.
(4) Species richness
Choose the correct answer from the OP0568
options given below : 102. Given below are two statements :
(1) (a), (b) and (e) only Statement-I : Pyramid of energy is always
(2) (a) and (b) only upright and is the most efficient.
(3) (a), (b) and (c) only Statement-II : Pyramid of biomass in sea is
generally inverted.
(4) (a), (b) and (d) only
In the light of the above statements,
ES0564
choose the most appropriate answer from
99. Species Area relationship is described by the options given below :
the following equation. (1) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-
log S=log C+Z log A II is correct
where Z is : (2) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
correct
(3) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
(2) Slope of the line
incorrect
(3) Y-intercept (4) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II
(4) Area is incorrect
BC0565 ES0569
147
103. The process of individuals of the same 106. Match List-I with List-II :
species that have come into the habitat List-I List-II
from elsewhere during the time period (a) Sacred groves (i) Alien species
under consideration is referred as :
(b) Zoological park (ii) Release of large
(1) Emigration
quantity of oxygen
(2) Competition
(c) Nile perch (iii) Ex-situ
(3) Immigration
(4) Association conservation
DG0034 (d) Amazon forest (iv) Khasi Hills in
Re-NEET(UG) 2022 Meghalaya
104. Give the correct descending order of Choose the correct answer from the
options given below :
®
organisms with reference to their
estimated number found in Amazon forest. (1) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)
(a) Plants (2) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)
(b) Invertebrates (3) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iii)
(c) Fishes (4) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)
(d) Mammals BC0576
(e) Birds 107. Frugivorous birds are found in large
Choose the correct answer from the numbers in tropical forests mainly because
options given below : of :
(1) (a) > (b) > (e) > (d) > (c)
(1) lack of niche specialisation
(2) (a) > (c) > (d) > (b) > (e)
(2) higher annual rainfall
(3) (b) > (a) > (e) > (d) > (c)
(3) availability of fruits throughout the year
(4) (b) > (a) > (c) > (e) > (d)
(4) temperature conducive for their
BC0572
breeding
105. The World Summit on sustainable
BC0577
development held in 2002 in Johannesburg,
South Africa pledged for: 108. Two butterfly species are competing for
(1) A significant reduction in the current the same nectar of a flower in a garden. To
rate of biodiversity loss. survive and coexist together, they may
(2) Declaration of more biodiversity avoid competition in the same garden by:
hotspots. (1) feeding at the same time
(3) Increase in agricultural production (2) choosing different foraging patterns
(4) Collection and preservation of seeds of (3) increasing time spent on attacking each
different genetic strains of commercially other
important plants. (4) predating on each other
BC0575 OP00579
148
109. The amount of biomass or organic matter NEET(UG) 2023
produced per unit area over a time period 112. Identify the correct statements :
by plants during photosynthesis is called: A. Detrivores perform fragmentation.
(1) Secondary production B. The humus is further degraded by some

microbes during mineralization.
(2) Primary production
C. Water soluble inorganic nutrients go
(3) Gross primary production
down into the soil and get precipitated
(4) Net primary production
by a process called leaching.
ES0580
D. The detritus food chain begins with
110. Western Ghats have a large number of
living organisms.
®
plants and animal species that are not
E. Earthworms break down detritus into
found any where else. Which of the
smaller particles by a process called
following term is used to notify such
catabolism.
species?
(1) Threatened species option given below :
(2) Keystone species (1) B, C, D only (2) C, D, E only
(3) Endemic species (3) D, E, A only (4) A, B, C only
(4) Vulnerable species ES0581
BC0581 113. Match List I with List II :
111. A population with finite resources shows a List I List II
logistic growth curve where the correct (Interaction) (Species A and B)
sequence of events will be : A. Mutualism I. +(A), O(B)
(1) Acceleration phase → Deceleration → B. Commensalism II. –(A), O(B)

C. Amensalism III. +(A), –(B)
Asymptote
D. Parasitism IV. +(A), +(B)
(2) Acceleration phase → Lag phase →
Stationary phase
options given below:
(3) Lag phase → Acceleration phase →
(1) A–IV, B–I, C–II, D–III
Deceleration → Asymptote
(2) A–IV, B–III, C–I, D–II
(4) Stationary phase → Acceleration phase (3) A–III, B–I, C–IV, D–II
→ Lag phase → Asymptote (4) A–IV, B–II, C–I, D–III
DG0035 ES0582
149
114. Among ‘The Evil Quartet’, which one is Statement II : In general, carnivores are
considered the most important cause more adversely affected by competition
driving extinction of species ? than herbivores.
(1) Over exploitation for economic gain In the light of the above statements,
(2) Alien species invasions choose the correct answer from the
(3) Co-extinctions options given below:

(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are
(4) Habitat loss and fragmentation
false.
BC0583
(2) Statement I is correct but Statement II
115. In the equation
is false.
GPP – R = NPP
®
(3) Statement I is incorrect but Statement
GPP is Gross Primary Productivity II is true.
NPP is Net Primary Productivity (4) Both Statement I and Statement II are
R here is ____. true.
OP0587
(1) Respiratory quotient
118. Match List I with List II.
(2) Respiratory loss
List I List II
(3) Reproductive allocation
(Interacting species) (Name of Interaction)
(4) Photosynthetically active radiation A. A Leopard and I. Competition
ES0585 a Lion in a
116. The historic Convention on Biological forest/grassland
Diversity, 'The Earth Summit' was held in B. A Cuckoo laying II. Brood parasitism
Rio de Janeiro in the year: egg in a Crow's nest

C. Fungi and root of a III. Mutualism
(1) 1992 (2) 1986
higher plant in
(3) 2002 (4) 1985
Mycorrhizae
BC0586
D. A cattle egret and IV. Commensalism
117. Given below are two statements : a Cattle in a field
Statement I : Gause's 'Competitive Choose the correct answer from the
Exclusion Principle' states that two closely options given below :
related species competing for the same (1) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
resources cannot co-exist indefinitely and (2) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
(3) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
competitively inferior one will be
(4) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
eliminated eventually.
OP0588
150
119. Match List I with List II. 122. The species of plants that plays a vital role
List I List II in controlling the relative abundance of
A. Logistic growth I. Unlimited resource other species in a community is called
availability condition _____ .
B. Exponential II. Limited resource (1) alien species
growth availability condition (2) endemic species
C. Expanding age III. The percent (3) exotic species
pyramid individuals of pre- (4) keystone species
reproductive age is OP0592
largest followed by 123. Which of the following is/are cause(s) of
reproductive and post biodiversity losses ?
reproductive age (1) Over-exploitation, habitat loss and
®
groups fragmentation.
D. Stable age IV. The percent (2) Climate change only
pyramid individuals of pre- (3) Over-Exploitation only
reproductives and (4) Habitat loss and fragmentation only
reproductive age BC0593
group are same 124. Given below are two statements : one is
Choose the correct answer from the labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is
options given below : labelled as Reason (R).
(1) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV Assertion (A) :
(2) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III A person goes to high altitude and
(3) A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I experiences "Altitude Sickness" with
(4) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV symptoms like breathing difficulty and
BC0589 heart palpitations.
Reason (R) :
NEET(UG) 2023 (MANIPUR)
Due to low atmospheric pressure at high
120. In 'rivet popper hypothesis', Paul Ehrlich altitude, the body does not get sufficient
compared the rivets in an airplane to :
oxygen.
(1) species within a genus
In the light of the above statements,
(2) genetic diversity
choose the correct answer from the
(3) ecosystem
options given below :
(4) genera within a family
ES0590 (1) (A) is true but (R) is false
121. Plants offer rewards to animals in the form (2) (A) is false but (R) is true
of pollen and nectar and the animals (3) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
facilitate the pollination process. This is an correct explanation of (A).
example of : (4) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not
(1) Amensalism (2) Competition the correct explanation of (A).
(3) Commensalism (4) Mutualism
ES0594
OP0591
151
125. The amount of nutrients such as carbon,
nitrogen, potassium and calcium present in
the soil at any given time is referred to as :
(1) Standing state (2) Standing crop
(3) Humus (4) Detritus
ES0595
EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions)
Que. 1
Ans. 2
2
4
3
3
4
2
5
4
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
3
10 11 12 13 14 15
4 1
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
3 1
®
ANSWER KEY
1 1
Ans. 3 2 4 2 3 3 1 2 3 2 3 2 1 1 4
Que. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Ans. 3 1 4 2 4 4 1 2 3 4 3 2 2 1 4
Que. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. 1 3 2 2 4 1 2 1 3 1 2 4 1 3 4
Que. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
Ans. 1 4 4 1 2 3 1 3 1 2 2 2 4 2 2
Que. 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
Ans. 4 1 1 3 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 3 2 2
Que. 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
Ans. 1 2 4 1 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 3 4 1
Que. 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
Ans. 1 3 2 2 3 3 4 1 4 2 1 2 4 4 1
Que. 121 122 123 124 125
Ans. 4 4 1 3 1
Hint : Q. 42
Nt = N0ert = 100 × 2.720.5 × 6 = 100 × 2.723 = 2012
152
EXERCISE-III Check Your Understanding
EXERCISE-III(A) (NCERT BASED QUESTIONS) 6. An orchid plant growing on the branch of

1. Select the statement which explains best mango tree, what is the interaction
parasitism :- between orchid & mango ?
(1) One organism is benefited (1) Parasitism
(2) Both the organism are benefited (2) Commensalism
(3) One organism is benefited, other is not (3) Protocooperation
affected (4) Mutualism
(4) One organism is benefited, other is OP0361
affected
7. Mark the important defence mechanism in
OP0355
plants against herbivory :-
®
2. The role of an organism in the ecological
(1) Spines (2) Toxic Chemical
system is known as
(3) Both 1 & 2 (4) None of these
(1) Habitat (2) Herbivory
OP0362
(3) Niche (4) Interaction
OP0356 8. Species A (–) & Species B(o) shows the
3. Select the statement which best explains following Interaction :-

commensalism :- (1) Amensalism (2) Predation
(1) One organism is benefited (3) Mutualism (4) Competition
(2) Both the organisms are benefited OP0363
(3) One organism is benefitted, other is not 9. Which one of the following has the largest
affected population in a food chain ?
(4) One organism is benefitted, other is (1) Producers
affected. (2) Primary consumers
OP0358 (3) Secondary consumers
4. Community is defined as aggregation of :- (4) Decomposers
(1) Individuals of the same kind ES0364
(2) Individuals of same species 10. The second trophic level in a lake is :-
(3) Individuals of a population (1) Phytoplanktons (2) Zooplanktons
(4) Populations of different species. (3) Benthos (4) Fishes
OP0359 ES0365
5. Parasite can be explained as an organism 11. Secondary producers are :-
which depends on others :-
(1) Herbivores
(1) For food
(2) Producers
(2) For shelter
(3) Carnivores
(3) For both food and shelter
(4) For Reproduction
ES0366
OP0360
153
12. What is the percentage of photosynthetically 19. Extensive planting of trees to increase
active radiation (PAR) in the incident solar forest cover is called
radiations ? (1) Afforestation (2) Agroforestry
(1) 100 % (2) 50 % (3) Deforestation (4) Social forestry
(3) 1–5 % (4) 2 – 10 %
EI0379
ES0367
20. The earth summit held at Rio de Janeiro in
13. Which of the following processes helps in
1992 resulted in to :-
Nutrient conservation ?
(1) Mineralisation (2) Immobilisation (1) Compilation of Red list
(3) Leaching (4) Nitrification (2) Establishment of Biosphere Reserves
ES0369 (3) Convention of Biodiversity
14. Soil erosion can be prevented by :- (4) IUCN
®
(1) Overgrazing BC0381
(2) Removal of vegetation EXERCISE-III(B) (ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
(3) Afforestation 21. Total amount of energy trapped by green
(4) Deforestation plants in food is called :-
ES0372 (1) Gross primary production
15. Mild grazing in grassland by herbivores :- (2) Net primary production
(1) Retards growth of grasses
(3) Standing crop
(2) Arrest growth of grasses
(4) Standing state
(3) Stimulates growth of grasses
ES0394
(4) Destroy Vegetation
22. Reason for elimination of wild life is :-
ES0373
(1) Deforestation (2) Forest fire
16. Deforestation generally decreases :-
(3) Floods (4) Less Rain fall
(1) Rain fall (2) Soil erosion
(3) Drought (4) Global warming BC0396
ES0374 23. In which biome a new plant may adapt
17. Which one of the following represents a soon:-
renewable source of energy ? (1) Tropical rain forest (2) Desert
(1) Petroleum (2) Coal (3) Mangrove (4) Sea island
(3) Nuclear fuel (4) Trees ES0398
BC0376 24. Best economic method to harvest the solar
18. Which of the following represents the energy:-
regulative function of forest ? (1) Solar cell
(1) Storage and release of gases (2) Energy plantation
(2) Production of wood (3) Cultivation of sugar cane then energy
(3) Production of essential oils obtain by burning it.
(4) Erosion of soil (4) Solar cooker.
EI0377 BC0401
154
25. Best method to preserve the wild relatives 31. Insectivorous plants grow in the soil which
of plants:- is deficient in :-
(1) By growing them in natural habitats (1) Mg (2) Ca
(2) Gene library (3) P (4) N
(3) By storing seeds ES0414
(4) Cryopreservation 32. What will happen if the number of
BC0403 organism increased at a place:-
26. Percentage energy transferred to higher (1) Inter species competition
trophic level in food chain is :- (2) Intra species competition
(1) 1% (2) 10% (3) Both
(3) 90% (4) 100% (4) None
®
ES0406 OP0419
27. Lichens can be used as :- 33. What shall be the effect of destruction of
(1) Bio-indicator for air pollution wild life :–
(2) Initial vegetation for waste lands. (1) Wild gene of disease resistance will not
(3) Source of wood. be obtained
(4) To check the air pollution. (2) Soil erosion
OP0407 (3) Floods
28. Biotic and abiotic components form :- (4) Green house effect
(1) Community BC0422
(2) Ecosystem 34. Exploring molecular, genetic and species
(3) Population level diversity for products of economic
(4) Species importance is called
ES0408 (1) Biodiversity
29. The plant having the largest flower is :- (2) Biopiracy
(1) Total stem parasite (3) Bioprospecting
(2) Epiphyte (4) Bioremediation
(3) Total root parasite OP0425
(4) Partial stem parasite 35. Two different species can not live for long
OP0409 duration in the same niche or habitat. This
30. Species diversity is maximum in :- law is:
(1) Tropical rain forest. (1) Allen's law
(2) Temperate forest. (2) Bergman's rule
(3) Deserts (3) Competitive exclusion principal
(4) Hill slops (4) Weiseman's theory
ES0411
OP0426
155
36. What is a keystone species ? 40. An ecosystem which can be easily damaged
(1) A common species that has plenty of but can recover after some time if
biomass, yet has a fairly low impact on damaging effect stops will having :-
the community's organization (1) High stability and low resilience
(2) A rare species that has minimal impact (2) Low stability and low resilience
on the biomass and on other species in (3) High stability and high resilience
the community (4) Low stability and high resilience
(3) A dominant species that constitutes a ES0434
large proportion of the biomass and
41. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)
which affects many other species
represents the following range of wave
(4) A species which makes up only a small
length.
proportion of the total biomass of a
®
community, yet has a huge impact on (1) 400 – 700 nm
the community's organization and (2) 500 – 600 nm
survival (3) 450 – 950 nm
EI0428 (4) 340 – 450 nm
37. Lichens are well known combinaton of an EI0436
alga and a fungus where fungus has : 42. Identify the correctly matched pair –
(1) An epiphytic relationship with the alga (1) Kyoto Protocol – Climatic change
(2) A parasitic relationship with the alga (2) Montreal Protocol – Global warming
(3) A symbiotic relationship with the alga
(3) Basal Convention – Biodiversity
(4) A saprophytic relationship with the alga
Conservation
ES0430
(4) Ramsar Convention – Ground water
38. Which of the following is expected to have
pollution
the highest value (g/m2/yr) in a grassland
ecosystem :- ES0441
(1) Tertiary production 43. Biodiversity Act of India was passed by the
(2) Gross production (GP) Parliament in the year –
(3) Net production (NP) (1) 2002 (2) 1992
(4) Secondary production (3) 1996 (4) 2000
BC0431 ES0442
39. In your opinion, which is the most effective 44. More than 70% of world's fresh water is
way to conserve the plant diversity of an contained in –
area :-
(1) Antarctica
(1) By creating biosphere reserve
(2) By creating botanical garden (2) Polar ice
(3) By developing seed bank (3) Glaciers and Mountains
(4) By tissue culture method (4) Greenland
EI0432 BC0443
156
45. Which one of the following pairs 50. July 11 is observed as :-
mismatched – (1) World Population Day
(1) Savanna– acacia trees (2) No Tobacco Day
(2) Coniferous forest – evergreen trees (3) World Environment Day
(3) Tundra–permafrost (4) World Health Day
(4) Prairies–epiphytes OP0452
BC0444 51. Which one of the following is a matching
46. Prolonged liberal irrigation of agricultural pair of certain organism(s) and the kind of
fields is likely to create the problem of : association
(1) Acidity (2) Aridity (1) Shark and sucker fish-proto cooperation
(3) Salinity (4) Metal toxicity (2) Algae and fungi in lichens-mutualism
OP0447 (3) Orchids growing on trees-parasitism
®
47. Which of the following is not true for a (4) Cuscuta (dodder) growing on other
species? flowering plants-epiphytism
(1) Members of a species can interbreed BC0454
(2) Gene flow does not occur between the 52. The map given below indicates the former
populations of a species and the present distribution of an animal.
(3) Each species is reproductively isolated Which animal could it be :–
from every other species
(4) Variations occur among members of a
species
ES0449 INDIA
48. One of the most important functions of
Former distribution
botanical gardens is that : Present distribution
(1) they provide a beautiful area for (1) Wild ass (2) Nilgai
recreation. (3) Black buck (4) Lion
(2) one can observe tropical plants there. BC0456
(3) they allow ex-situ conservation of germ 53. The Great Barrier Reef along the east coast
plasm of Australia can be categorized as
(4) they provide the natural habitat for wild (1) Population (2) Community
life. (3) Ecosystem (4) Biome
EI0450 BC0457
49. Mr. X is eating curd/yoghurt. For this food 54. If the Bengal Tiger becomes extinct
intake in a food chain he should be (1) Hyenas and wolves will become scarce
considered as occupying (2) The wild areas will be safe for man and
(1) First trophic level domestic animals
(2) Second trophic level (3) Its gene pool will be lost for ever
(3) Third trophic level (4) The populations of beautiful animals
(4) Fourth trophic level like deers will get stabilized.
EI0451 BC0459
157
55. If high altitude birds become rare or 59. A country with a high rate of population
extinct, the plants which may disappear
growth took measures to reduce it. The
along with them are:
figure below shows age-sex pyramids of
(1) Pine
(2) Oak populations A and B twenty years apart.
(3) Orchids Select the correct interpretation about

(4) Rhododendron them :
BC0463
Age
56. Which one of the following pairs of 70 +
Males Females
geographical areas show maximum 60–69
50–59
biodiversity in our country:-
Age (in years)

®
'A' 40–49
(1) Sunderbans and Rann of Kutch 30–39
(2) Eastern Ghats and West Bengal 20–29
10–19
(3) Eastern Himalaya and Western Ghats
0–9
(4) Kerala and Punjab
15 12 9 6 3 0 3 6 9 12 15
BC0464
57. One of the ex situ conservation methods Age
70 +
for endangered species is :- Males Females
60–69
(1) Wildlife Sanctuaries 50–59
Age (in years)

(2) Biosphere Reserves 'B' 40–49
30–39
(3) Cryopreservation
20–29
(4) National Parks 10–19
BC0465 0–9
58. Given below is one of the types of 15 12 9 6 3 0 3 6 9 12 15
ecological pyramids. This type represents

(1) "A" is the earlier pyramid and no
change has occurred in the growth rate
(2) "A" is more recent and shows slight
reduction in the growth rate
(3) "B" is the earlier pyramid and shows
stabilised growth rate

(1) Pyramid of numbers in a grassland
(2) Pyramid of biomass in a fallow land (4) "B" is more recent showing that
(3) Pyramid of biomass in a lake population is very young
(4) Energy pyramid in a spring
DG0008
ES0468
158
60. What type of human population is 64. Which one of the following is not used for
represented by the following age pyramid ? construction of ecological pyramids ?
Post-reproductive
(1) Rate of energy flow
Reproductive
(2) Fresh weight
Pre-reproductive
(3) Dry weight
(1) Vanishing population
(4) Number of individuals
(2) Stable population
ES0141
(3) declining population
65. Which one of the following is not included
(4) Expanding population
under in-situ conservation ?
DG0009
®
61. The logistic population growth is expressed (1) Biosphere reserve
by the equation : (2) National park
 N−K  (3) Sanctuary
(1) dN/dt = rN  
 N 
(4) Botanical garden
 K −N 
(2) dt/dN=Nr  
 K  BC0144
 K −N  66. Which one of the following is the correctly

(3) dN/dt = rN  
 K  matched pair of an endangered animal and
(4) dN/dt = rN
a National Park?
DG0010
(1) Wild ass — Dudhwa National Park
62. Montreal Protocol which calls for
appropriate action to protect the ozone (2) Great Indian — Keoladeo National Park
layer from human activities was passed in Bustard

the year (3) Lion — Corbett National Park
(1) 1988 (2)1985
(4) Rhinoceros —Kaziranga National Park
(3) 1986 (4) 1987
BC0145
EI0139
63. Niche overlap indicates 67. Which of the following is considered a hot-
(1) sharing of one or more resources spot of biodiversity in India ?
between the two species (1) Eastern Ghats
(2) mutualism between two species
(2) Aravalli Hills
(3) active cooperation between two species
(3) Western Ghats
(4) two different parasites on the same
host (4) Indo-Gangetic Plain
OP0140 BC0146
159
68. Two plants can be conclusively said to 73. Which one of the following pairs of
belong to the same species if they : organisms are exotic species introduced in
(1) Have same number of chromosomes India ?
(2) Can reproduce freely with each other (1) Nile perch, Ficus religiosa
and form seeds (2) Ficus religiosa, Lantana camara
(3) Have more than 90 percent similar (3) Lantana camara, Water hyacinth
genes (4) Water hyacinth, Prosopis cinereria
(4) Look similar and possess identical BC0157
secondary metabolites.
74. Which one of the following is not observed
OP0150
in biodiversity hotspots ?
69. Identify the odd combination of the habitat
(1) Lesser inter–specific competition
®
and the particular animal concerned :
(1) Rann of Kutch – Wild Ass
(2) Dachigam National – Snow Leopard (3) Endemism
Park (4) Accelerated species loss
(3) Sunderbans – Bengal Tiger BC0158
(4) Periyar – Elephant 75. World summit on sustainable Development
BC0151 (2002) was held in:-
70. Which one of the following ecosystem (1) Argentina
types has the highest annual net primary
(2) South Africa
productivity
(3) Brazil
(1) Temperate deciduous forest
(4) Sweden
(2) Tropical rain forest
(3) Tropical deciduous forest BC0160
(4) Temperate evergreen forest 76. About 70% of total global carbon is found
ES0152 in :-
71. A high density of elephant population in an (1) Oceans
area can result in :- (2) Forests
(1) Predation on one another
(3) Grassland
(2) Mutualism
(4) Artificial ecosystem
(3) Intra specific competition
ES0161
(4) Inter specific competition
OP0155 77. Quercus species are the dominant
72. Geometric representation of age structure component in:-
is a characteristic of :- (1) Scrub forests
(1) Ecosystem (2) Tropical rain forests
(2) Biotic community (3) Temperate deciduous forests
(3) Population (4) Alpine forests
(4) Landscape
ES0162
DG0156
160
78. Consider the following statements 82. Global agreement in specific control
concerning food chains :- strategies to reduce the release of ozone
(a) Removal of 80% tigers from an area depleting substances, was adopted by :-
resulted in greatly increased growth of (1) The Vienna Convention
vegetation (2) Rio janeiro Conference
(b) Removal of most of the carnivores (3) The Montreal Protocol
resulted in an increased population of
(4) The Koyoto Protocol
deers
EI0176
(c) The length of food chains is generally
83. Tiger is not a resident in which one of the
limited to 3-4 trophic levels due to
following national park ?
energy loss.
(1) Jim Corbett
®
(d) The length of food chains may very from
(2) Ranthambore
2 to 8 trophic levels.
Which two of the above statements are (3) Sunderbans
correct ? (4) Gir
(1) a, d (2) a, b (3) b, c (4) c, d BC0177
ES0165 84. The biomass available for consumption by
79. The slow rate of decomposition of fallen the herbivores and the decomposers is
logs in nature is due to their :- called :
(1) Anaerobic environment around them (1) Gross primary productivity
(2) Low cellulose content (2) Net primary productivity
(3) Low moisture content (3) Secondary productivity
(4) Poor nitrogen content
(4) Standing crop
EI0167
ES0178
80. Which one of the following types of 85. Which one of the following is one of the
organisms occupy more than one trophic characteristics of a biological community ?
level in a pond ecosystem ? (1) Sex-ratio (2) Stratification
(1) Frog (2) Phytoplankton (3) Natality (4) Mortality
(3) Fish (4) Zooplankton
OP0179
ES0169
86. Which one of the following is an example
81. Montreal Protocol aims at :-
of ex-situ conservation ?
(1) Control of CO2 emission
(1) National park
(2) Reduction of ozone depleting
(2) Wildlife sanctuary
substances
(3) Biodiversity conservation (3) Seed bank
(4) Control of water pollution (4) Sacred groves

EI0170 BC0180
161
87. A renewable exhaustible natural resource 92. Which one of the following have the
is : highest number of species in nature ?
(1) Forest (2) Coal (1) Fungi
(3) Petroleum (4) Minerals (2) Insects
BC0181 (3) Birds
88. Which one of the following is most (4) Angiosperms
appropriately defined ? ES0201
(1) Amensalism is a relationship in which 93. Large Woody Vines are more commonly
one species is benefited where as the
found in
other is unaffected.
(1) Temperate forests
(2) Predator is an organism that catches
(2) Mangroves
®
and kills other organism for food.
(3) Tropical rainforests
(3) Parasite is an organism which always
(4) Alpine forests
lives inside the body of other organism
ES0202
and may kill it.
94. Which one of the following is categorised
(4) Host is an organism which provides
as a parasite in true sense ?
food to another organism.
BC0191 (1) The female Anopheles bites and sucks
89. The Indian Rhinoceros is a natural blood from humans.
inhabitant of which one of the Indian states ? (2) Human foetus developing inside the
(1) Uttar Pradesh uterus draws nourishment from the
(2) Himachal Pradesh mother.
(3) Assam (3) Head louse living on the human scalp as
(4) Uttarakhand well as laying eggs on human hair.
EI0192 (4) The cuckoo (koel) lays its eggs in crow's
90. Mass of living matter at a trophic level in an nest.
area at any time is called :- OP0205
(1) Standing crop
95. Which one of the following statements for
(2) Detritus
pyramid of energy is incorrect, whereas the
(3) Humus
remaining three are correct ?
(4) Standing state
(1) Its base is broad
EI0195
(2) It shows energy content of different
91. Of the total incident solar radiation the
trophic level organisms
proportion of PAR is :-
(1) About 70% (2) About 60% (3) It is inverted in shape
(3) Less than 50% (4) More than 80% (4) It is upright in shape
EI0197 ES0206
162
96. Which one of the following shows 101. Which one of the following is not a
maximum genetic diversity in India ? functional unit of an ecosystem :-
(1) Groundnut
(1) Productivity
(2) Rice
(3) Maize (2) Stratification
(4) Mango (3) Energy flow
BC0208
(4) Decomposition
97. Which one of the following animals may
occupy more than one trophic levels in the ES0221
same ecosystem at the same time ? 102. The highest number of species in the world
(1) Frog (2) Sparrow is represented by :-
(3) Lion (4) Goat
®
ES0210 (1) Algae
98. The breakdown of detritus into smaller (2) Lichens
particles by earthworm is a process called :
(3) Fungi
(1) Catabolism
(2) Humification (4) Mosses
(3) Fragmentation BC0225
(4) Mineralisation
103. Given below is an imaginary pyramid of
ES0211
numbers. What could be one of the
99. Biodiversity of a geographical region
possibilities about certain organisms at
represents :
some of the different levels?
(1) Species endemic to the region
TC 10
(2) Endangered species found in the region
SC 50
(3) The diversity in the organisms living in
PC 500
the region.
PP 1
(4) Genetic diversity present in the
dominant species of the region. (1) Level one PP is "Peepal trees" and the
BC0214 level SC is "sheep"
100. Which one of the following areas in India, is
(2) Level PC is "rats" and level SC is "cats"
a hot spot of biodiversity ?
(3) Level PC is "insects" and level SC is
(1) Sunderbans
(2) Western Ghats "small insectivorous birds
(3) Eastern Ghats (4) Level PP is "Phytoplanktons" in sea and

(4) Gangetic plain "Whale" on top level TC.
BC0220
ES0226
163
104. Identify the possible link "A" in the 108. Sacred groves are specially useful in :-
following food chain : (1) year around flow of water in rivers
Plant → Insect → Frog → "A" → Eagle (2) conserving rare and threatened species
(1) Cobra (2) Parrot (3) generating environmental awareness
(3) Rabbit (4) Wolf (4) preventing soil erosion
BC0235
ES0227
109. The rate of formation of new organic
105. People who have migrated from the planes
matter by rabbit in a grassland, is called :-
to an area adjoining Rohtang pass about six
months back: (2) Gross primary productivity
(1) suffer from altitude sickness with (3) Net productivity
symptoms like nausea, fatigue, etc. (4) Secondary productivity
ES0236
®
(2) have the usual RBC count but their
haemoglobin has very high binding 110. A sedentary sea anemone gets attached to
affinity to O2 the shell lining of hermit crab. The
association is :
(3) have more RBCs and their haemoglobin
(1) Amensalism (2) Ectoparasitism
has a lower binding affinity to O2
(3) Symbiosis (4) Commensalism
(4) are not physically fit to play games like OP0241
football. 111. Kyoto Protocol was endorsed at :
ES0229 (1) CoP - 4 (2) CoP - 3
106. Identify the likely organisms (a), (b), (c) and (3) CoP - 5 (4) CoP - 6
(d) in the food web shown below : EI0242
lion 112. Secondary productivity is rate of formation
hawks of new organic matter by :
owls foxes snakes
garden (1) Decomposer (2) Producer
lizard (3) Parasite (4) Consumer
(c)
grass
(a) mice (b) hopper (d) ES0243
sparrow 113. Which one of the following processes during
Vegetation/seeds decomposition is correctly described?
(1) Leaching – Water soluble inorganic
Options :
nutrients rise to the top layers of soil
(a) (b) (c) (d) (2) Fragmentation – Carried out by
(1) rat dog tortoise crow organisms such as earthworm
(2) squirrel cat rat pigeon (3) Humification – Leads to the
(3) deer rabbit frog rat accumulation of a dark coloured
(4) dog squirrel bat deer substance humus which undergoes
ES0231 microbial action at a very fast rate
107. Cuscuta is an example of :- (4) Catabolism – Last step in the
(1) Predation (2) Endoparasitism decomposition under fully anaerobic
(3) Ectoparasitism (4) Brood parasitism condition
OP0234 ES0244
164
114. Which of the following represents 115. Which one of the following is not used for
maximum number of species among global ex situ plant conservation?
biodiversity ? (1) Botanical Gardens
(1) Mosses and Ferns (2) Field gene banks
(2) Algae (3) Seed banks
(3) Lichens (4) Shifting cultivation
(4) Fungi BC0248
BC0245
®
EXERCISE-III ANSWER KEY
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 4 3 3 4 3 2 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 3
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 1
Que. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Ans. 4 3 1 3 3 4 3 2 1 4 1 1 1 2 4
Que. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. 3 2 3 3 1 2 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 3
Que. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
Ans. 3 4 1 2 4 4 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 2
Que. 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
Ans. 1 3 3 3 3 2 3 4 2 2 3 1 2 3 1
Que. 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
Ans. 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 1 3
Que. 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115
Ans. 3 3 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 4
165

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EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) Build Up Your Understanding

(2) In-situ conservation 77. Number of wildlife is continuously

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) ANSWER KEY

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

(1) National Park A

(2) Seed Bank

(4) Ecosystem (2) Competition for the same resources

(1) Tropical Rain Forest hypothesis' related to biodiversity and

BC0319 trophic levels

(2) Transition zone (2) K > N

rate of biodiversity loss. survive and coexist together, they may

by plants during photosynthesis is called: A. Detrivores perform fragmentation.

(1) Secondary production B. The humus is further degraded by some

sequence of events will be : A. Mutualism I. +(A), O(B)

(1) Acceleration phase → Deceleration → B. Commensalism II. –(A), O(B)

(3) Co-extinctions options given below:

Rio de Janeiro in the year: egg in a Crow's nest

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions)

EXERCISE-III(A) (NCERT BASED QUESTIONS) 6. An orchid plant growing on the branch of

3. Select the statement which best explains following Interaction :-

(3) Orchids Select the correct interpretation about

Age (in years)

Age (in years)

58. Given below is one of the types of 15 12 9 6 3 0 3 6 9 12 15

ecological pyramids. This type represents

change has occurred in the growth rate

(2) "A" is more recent and shows slight

reduction in the growth rate

(3) "B" is the earlier pyramid and shows

stabilised growth rate

 K −N  66. Which one of the following is the correctly

layer from human activities was passed in Bustard

(4) Control of water pollution (4) Sacred groves

(3) Eastern Ghats (4) Level PP is "Phytoplanktons" in sea and

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