CALLUS CULTURE

NAME – JAHNABI M KASHYAP

BBT/040/2021
CONTENTS

 Introduction
 Understanding Callus Culture
 Callus Culture Procedure
 Factors Affecting
 Applications
 Conclusions
INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the comprehensive exploration of

Callus Culture. This presentation will delve
into the potential of callus culture in various
industries, from agriculture to pharmaceuticals.
Plant biotechnology has revolutionized
agriculture by harnessing the potential of callus
culture technique. This presentation explores
the applications and advancements in plant
biotechnology, shedding light on the promising
future of callus culture.
UNDERSTANDING CALLUS CULTURE

Callus culture is the in vitro

cultivation of undifferentiated
plant cells. This technique has
significant implications in
biotechnology and crop
improvement.
CALLUS CULTURE PROCEDURE

A. SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF EXPLANT

 For the preparation of callus culture, organ or culture is selected such as segments of root or stem, leaf
primordia, flower structure or fruit, etc.
 Excised parts of the plant organ are first washed with tap water, and then sterilized with 0.1% of
mercuric chloride (HgCl2) or 2% w/v, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution for 15 minute.
 Wash the sterilized explants with sterile distilled water and cut aseptically into small segments (2 – 5
mm).
 B. SELECTION OF CULTURE
MEDIUM

• The organ is to be cultured in well defined nutrient medium containing inorganic and
organic nutrients and vitamins.
• Growth hormones (Auxin and Cytokinin) are adjusted in the medium according to the
objective of the culture.
• For example, auxins, IBA and NAA are widely used in medium for rooting and in
combination with Cytokinin for shoot proliferation.

C. TRANSFER OF
TRANSPLANT

• Surface sterilized explant from stem, root or tuber or leaf, etc., are transferred aseptically
into the vessel containing semisolid culture medium.
 D. INCUBATION OF CULTURE

• The inoculated vessels are transferred into BOD incubator with auto controlled device.
Incubate at 25-28°C using light and dark cycles for 12 hours duration. Nutrient
medium is supplemented with auxin to induce cell division.
FACTORS AFFECTING

1. EXPLANT

 It should be taken into account that the type of starting material (juvenile or adult) and the original position of the
explant in the plant reflects the endogenous growth regulator level which have an important influence on
processes such as cell division and organ and embryo formation.

2. GROWTH REGULATORS

• Callus formation takes place under the influence of exogenously supplied growth regulators present in the nutrient
medium. The type of growth regulator requirement and its concentration in the medium depends strongly on the
genotype and endogenous hormone content of an explant.
• Generally strong auxins like 2, 4 D or 2, 4, 5 T induce callus formation
 3. LIGHT

• The effect of light on callus formation is dependent on the plant species; light may be required in some
cases and darkness in other cases.

4. TEMPERATURE

• A temperature of 22-28°C is normally advantageous for callus formation

5. MEDIA COMPOSITION

• The Murashige and Skoog (1962) mineral medium, or modifications of this are often used.
• Sucrose or glucose (2-4%) is usually employed as the sugar source.
APPLICATIONS
1. CROP IMPROVEMENT

 Callus culture offers opportunities for crop improvement through the development of disease-resistant and high-
yielding plant varieties. It also facilitates the propagation of rare and endangered plant species. Callus culture
plays a pivotal role in Developing disease-resistant crops and enhancing yield potential. This Technique offers
a sustainable solution to global food security challenges by Enabling the creation of stress-tolerant and
nutrient-rich crops.
 2. BIOPHARMACEUTICAL POTENTIAL

• The use of callus culture in the production of medicinal compounds and pharmaceuticals has gained momentum. It
provides a sustainable source for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Callus culture is instrumental in the
production of plant-based pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. This technique enables the efficient
production of valuable compounds, including vaccines, antibodies, and medicinal proteins
• Despite its potential, callus culture faces challenges such as genetic instability and variations in growth conditions.
Overcoming these hurdles is crucial for its widespread adoption.
•
• Understanding the factors influencing callus growth, such as hormone concentration and culture medium, is essential
for optimizing the process. This can lead to enhanced productivity and quality.
•
• Scaling up callus culture for commercial production requires efficient bioreactor systems and standardized protocols.
This step is crucial for meeting the demands of various industries.
•
• The use of callus culture in biopharmaceuticals and crop improvement requires adherence to regulatory standards.
Collaboration between researchers and regulatory bodies is crucial for ensuring safety and efficacy.
3. GENETIC ENGINEERING

• The versatility of callus culture facilitates precise gene insertion and modification, enabling the development of
transgenic plants with enhanced traits. This application holds immense potential for addressing global challenges
in agriculture and human health.

4. COMMERCIALISATION AND INDUSTRY IMPACT

• The adoption of callus culture techniques has significant implications for the agricultural industry and
biotechnology sector. It has led to the commercialization of novel plant varieties and the production of high-
value agricultural products.

5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

The utilization of callus culture in plant biotechnology contributes to reduced pesticide usage and conservation of
natural resources. By creating resilient plant varieties, this technique promotes sustainable agricultural practices and
minimizes environmental impact.
CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the comprehensive exploration of

callus culture has highlighted its multifaceted
potential in agriculture, biotechnology, and
pharmaceuticals. With continued research and
innovation, callus culture can contribute to
sustainable development and global well-being. The
callus culture technique represents a cornerstone of
plant biotechnology, offering diverse applications in
crop improvement, biopharmaceutical production,
and genetic engineering. As research continues to
unveil its potential, callus culture stands as a
promising tool for advancing sustainable
agriculture and addressing global challenges.
THANKYOU.