UNIT - 5

UNIT - 5
PHP DATABASE CONNECTIVITY

PHP MySQL Database
With PHP, you can connect to and manipulate databases.
MySQL is the most popular database system used with PHP.
What is MySQL?
 MySQL is a database system used on the web
 MySQL is a database system that runs on a server
 MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications
 MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use
 MySQL uses standard SQL
 MySQL compiles on a number of platforms
 MySQL is free to download and use
 MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle
Corporation
 MySQL is named after co-founder Monty Widenius's daughter: My
The data in a MySQL database are stored in tables. A table is a collection

of related data, and it consists of columns and rows.
Databases are useful for storing information categorically. A company may

have a database with the following tables:
 Employees
 Products
 Customers
 Orders
PHP + MySQL Database System

 PHP combined with MySQL are cross-platform (you can develop in
Windows and serve on a Unix platform)
Database Queries
A query is a question or a request.
We can query a database for specific information and have a recordset

returned.
Look at the following query (using standard SQL):
SELECT LastName FROM Employees

The query above selects all the data in the "LastName" column from the
"Employees" table
PHP MySQL Connect

Since PHP 5.5, mysql_connect() extension is deprecated. Now it is
recommended to use one of the 2 alternatives.
o mysqli_connect()
o PDO::__construct()
PHP mysqli_connect()
PHP mysqli_connect() function is used to connect with MySQL database. It
returns resource if connection is established or null.
Syntax
1. resource mysqli_connect (server, username, password)
PHP mysqli_close()
PHP mysqli_close() function is used to disconnect with MySQL database. It
returns true if connection is closed or false.
Syntax
1. bool mysqli_close(resource $resource_link)
Syntax
$mysqli = new mysqli($host, $username, $passwd, $dbName, $port, $socket);
Sr.No. Parameter & Description
1
$host
Optional − The host name running the database server. If not specified, then
the default value will be localhost:3306.
2
$username
Optional − The username accessing the database. If not specified, then the
default will be the name of the user that owns the server process.
3
$passwd
Optional − The password of the user accessing the database. If not specified,
then the default will be an empty password.
4
$dbName
Optional − database name on which query is to be performed.
5
$port
Optional − the port number to attempt to connect to the MySQL server..
6
$socket
Optional − socket or named pipe that should be used.
You can disconnect from the MySQL database anytime using another PHP
function close().
Syntax
$mysqli->close();
Example
Try the following example to connect to a MySQL server −
Copy and paste the following example as mysql_example.php −
<html>
<head>
<title>Connecting MySQL Server</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'root@123';
$mysqli = new mysqli($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if($mysqli->connect_errno ) {
printf("Connect failed: %s ", $mysqli->connect_error);
exit();
}
printf('Connected successfully. ');
$mysqli->close();
?>
</body></html>
Output
Access the mysql_example.php deployed on apache web server and verify
the output.
Connected successfully.
PHP Create a MySQL

Database
A database consists of one or more tables.
You will need special CREATE privileges to create or to delete a

MySQL database.
Create a MySQL Database Using

MySQLi
The CREATE DATABASE statement is used to create a database in MySQL.
The following examples create a database named "myDB":
Example (MySQLi Procedural)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
// Create database
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE myDB";
if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
echo "Database created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating database: " . mysqli_error($conn);
}
mysqli_close($conn);
?>
PHP MySQL Create Table

A database table has its own unique name and consists of columns
and rows.
Create a MySQL Table Using MySQLi

The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a table in MySQL.
We will create a table named "MyGuests", with five columns: "id",

"firstname", "lastname", "email" and "reg_date":
CREATE TABLE MyGuests (

id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50),
reg_date TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)
Notes on the table above:
The data type specifies what type of data the column can hold. For a
complete reference of all the available data types, go to our Data Types
reference.
After the data type, you can specify other optional attributes for each
column:
 NOT NULL - Each row must contain a value for that column, null
values are not allowed
 DEFAULT value - Set a default value that is added when no other
value is passed
 UNSIGNED - Used for number types, limits the stored data to
positive numbers and zero
 AUTO INCREMENT - MySQL automatically increases the value of the
field by 1 each time a new record is added
 PRIMARY KEY - Used to uniquely identify the rows in a table. The
column with PRIMARY KEY setting is often an ID number, and is
often used with AUTO_INCREMENT
Each table should have a primary key column (in this case: the "id"
column). Its value must be unique for each record in the table.
The following examples shows how to create the table in PHP:
<?php
$dbname = "myDB";
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
}
// sql to create table

$sql = "CREATE TABLE MyGuests (
id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50),
reg_date TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)";
echo "Table MyGuests created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating table: " . mysqli_error($conn);
}
?>
PHP & MySQL - Select Database Example
PHP uses mysqli_select_db function to select the database on which queries are to be
performed. This function takes two parameters and returns TRUE on success or
FALSE on failure.
Syntax
mysqli_select_db ( mysqli $link , string $dbname ) : bool
Sr.No. Parameter & Description
1
$link
Required - A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect() or mysqli_init().
2
$dbname
Required - Name of the database to be connected.
Example
Try the following example to select a database −
Copy and paste the following example as mysql_example.php −
<html>
<head>
<title>Selecting MySQL Database</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'root@123';
$conn = mysqli_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn ) {
die('Could not connect: ' . mysqli_error($conn));
}
echo 'Connected successfully ';
$retval = mysqli_select_db( $conn, 'TUTORIALS' );
if(! $retval ) {
die('Could not select database: ' . mysqli_error($conn));
}
echo "Database TUTORIALS selected successfully\n";
?>
</body></html>
Output
Access the mysql_example.php deployed on apache web server and verify
the output.
PHP MySQL Insert Data

Insert Data Into MySQL Using
MySQLi
After a database and a table have been created, we can start adding data
in them.
Here are some syntax rules to follow:
 The SQL query must be quoted in PHP

 String values inside the SQL query must be quoted
 Numeric values must not be quoted
 The word NULL must not be quoted
The INSERT INTO statement is used to add new records to a MySQL table:
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)

VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)
To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.
In the previous chapter we created an empty table named "MyGuests"

with five columns: "id", "firstname", "lastname", "email" and "reg_date".
Now, let us fill the table with data.
Note: If a column is AUTO_INCREMENT (like the "id" column) or TIMESTAMP with

default update of current_timesamp (like the "reg_date" column), it is no need to
be specified in the SQL query; MySQL will automatically add the value.
The following examples add a new record to the "MyGuests" table:

<?php
$dbname = "myDB";
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
}
$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)

VALUES ('John', 'Doe', 'john@example.com')";
echo "New record created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . " " . mysqli_error($conn);
}
?>
PHP MySQL Delete Data

Delete Data From a MySQL Table
Using MySQLi
The DELETE statement is used to delete records from a table:
DELETE FROM table_name

WHERE some_column = some_value
Notice the WHERE clause in the DELETE syntax: The WHERE clause specifies
which record or records that should be deleted. If you omit the WHERE clause, all
records will be deleted!
Let's look at the "MyGuests" table:

id firstname lastname email reg_date
1 John Doe john@example.com 2014-10-22 14:26:15
2 Mary Moe mary@example.com 2014-10-23 10:22:30
3 Julie Dooley julie@example.com 2014-10-26 10:48:23
The following examples delete the record with id=3 in the "MyGuests"
table:
<?php
$dbname = "myDB";
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
}
// sql to delete a record

$sql = "DELETE FROM MyGuests WHERE id=3";
echo "Record deleted successfully";
} else {
echo "Error deleting record: " . mysqli_error($conn);
}
?>
After the record is deleted, the table will look like this:

PHP MySQL Update Data
Update Data In a MySQL Table
Using MySQLi
The UPDATE statement is used to update existing records in a table:
UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value, column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column=some_value
Notice the WHERE clause in the UPDATE syntax: The WHERE clause specifies
which record or records that should be updated. If you omit the WHERE clause, all
records will be updated!
Let's look at the "MyGuests" table:
The following examples update the record with id=2 in the "MyGuests"
table:
<?php
$dbname = "myDB";
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
}
$sql = "UPDATE MyGuests SET lastname='Doe' WHERE id=2";
echo "Record updated successfully";
} else {
echo "Error updating record: " . mysqli_error($conn);
}
?>
After the record is updated, the table will look like this:
2 Mary Doe mary@example.com 2014-10-23 10:22:30
PHP MySQL Select Data

Select Data From a MySQL Database
The SELECT statement is used to select data from one or more tables:
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name
or we can use the * character to select ALL columns from a table:
SELECT * FROM table_name
Select Data With MySQLi

The following example selects the id, firstname and lastname columns
from the MyGuests table and displays it on the page:
The following example shows the same as the example above, in the
MySQLi procedural way:
<?php
$dbname = "myDB";
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
}
$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests";

$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);
if (mysqli_num_rows($result) > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " .
$row["lastname"]. " ";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}
?>
SQL Joins
A JOIN clause is used to combine rows from two or more tables, based on
a related column between them.
Let's look at a selection from the "Orders" table:
OrderID CustomerID OrderDate
10308 2 1996-09-18
10309 37 1996-09-19
10310 77 1996-09-20
Then, look at a selection from the "Customers" table:
CustomerID CustomerName ContactName
1 Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders
2 Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo
3 Antonio Moreno Taquería Antonio Moren
Notice that the "CustomerID" column in the "Orders" table refers to the
"CustomerID" in the "Customers" table. The relationship between the two
tables above is the "CustomerID" column.
Then, we can create the following SQL statement (that contains an INNER
JOIN), that selects records that have matching values in both tables:
Example
SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderDate

FROM Orders
INNER JOIN Customers ON Orders.CustomerID=Customers.CustomerID;
and it will produce something like this:
OrderID CustomerName OrderDate
10308 Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados 9/18/1996
10365 Antonio Moreno Taquería 11/27/1996
10383 Around the Horn 12/16/1996
10355 Around the Horn 11/15/1996
10278 Berglunds snabbköp 8/12/1996
Different Types of SQL JOINs

Here are the different types of the JOINs in SQL:
 (INNER) JOIN: Returns records that have matching values in both

tables
 LEFT (OUTER) JOIN: Returns all records from the left table, and the
matched records from the right table
 RIGHT (OUTER) JOIN: Returns all records from the right table, and
the matched records from the left table
 FULL (OUTER) JOIN: Returns all records when there is a match in
either left or right table

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UNIT - 5

PHP DATABASE CONNECTIVITY

MySQL is the most popular database system used with PHP.

The data in a MySQL database are stored in tables. A table is a collection

Databases are useful for storing information categorically. A company may

PHP + MySQL Database System

We can query a database for specific information and have a recordset

Look at the following query (using standard SQL):

SELECT LastName FROM Employees

PHP MySQL Connect

PHP Create a MySQL

You will need special CREATE privileges to create or to delete a

Create a MySQL Database Using

The following examples create a database named "myDB":

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

PHP MySQL Create Table

Create a MySQL Table Using MySQLi

We will create a table named "MyGuests", with five columns: "id",

CREATE TABLE MyGuests (

Notes on the table above:

The following examples shows how to create the table in PHP:

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

// sql to create table

Sr.No. Parameter & Description

PHP MySQL Insert Data

Here are some syntax rules to follow:

 The SQL query must be quoted in PHP

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)

To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.

In the previous chapter we created an empty table named "MyGuests"

Note: If a column is AUTO_INCREMENT (like the "id" column) or TIMESTAMP with

The following examples add a new record to the "MyGuests" table:

$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)

PHP MySQL Delete Data

DELETE FROM table_name

Let's look at the "MyGuests" table:

1 John Doe john@example.com 2014-10-22 14:26:15

2 Mary Moe mary@example.com 2014-10-23 10:22:30

3 Julie Dooley julie@example.com 2014-10-26 10:48:23

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

// sql to delete a record

id firstname lastname email reg_date

1 John Doe john@example.com 2014-10-22 14:26:15

2 Mary Moe mary@example.com 2014-10-23 10:22:30

Let's look at the "MyGuests" table:

id firstname lastname email reg_date

1 John Doe john@example.com 2014-10-22 14:26:15

2 Mary Moe mary@example.com 2014-10-23 10:22:30

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

$sql = "UPDATE MyGuests SET lastname='Doe' WHERE id=2";

id firstname lastname email reg_date

1 John Doe john@example.com 2014-10-22 14:26:15

2 Mary Doe mary@example.com 2014-10-23 10:22:30

PHP MySQL Select Data

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name

or we can use the * character to select ALL columns from a table:

SELECT * FROM table_name

Select Data With MySQLi

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests";

Let's look at a selection from the "Orders" table:

OrderID CustomerID OrderDate

Then, look at a selection from the "Customers" table:

CustomerID CustomerName ContactName