BHDLA-138_Block-1

BHDLA-138
bafnjk xka/kh jk"Vªh; eqä fo'ofo|ky;

ekufodh fo|kihB
-
çks- oh-jk txUukFku izks- vkj-,l- ljkZtq
vodk'k izkIr izksQslj ,oa funs'kd izksQslj] fganh foHkkx] gSnjkckn
ekufodh fo|kihB] bXuw] ubZ fnYyh dsanzh; fo'ofo|ky;] gSnjkckn
izks- Vh-oh- dV~Vheuh izks- vkyksd xqIrk
dqyifr izkQs l
s j
dsanzh; tutkrh; fo'ofo|ky; fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dsanz
fot;uxje] vka/kzizns'k xqtjkr dsanzh; fo'ofo|ky;
izks- ,- vjfoUnk{ku xka/khuxj ¼xqtjkr½
iwoZ izfrdqyifr
egkRek xka/kh varjjk"Vªh; fganh izks- lR;kde
fo'ofo|ky; o/kkZ ¼egkjk"Vª½ ¼ikB~;Øe la;kstd½
izks- Ñ".k dqekj xksLokeh izks- 'k=q?u dqekj
vodk'k izkIr izksQslj izks- fLerk prqosZnh
dsUnzh; fganh laLFkku] vkxjk ¼m-iz-½ izks- ftrsUnz dqekj JhokLro
izks- lR;dke izks- lR;dke

ekufodh fo|kihB] bXuw] ubZ fnYyh ekufodh fo|kihB] bXuw] ubZ fnYyh
MkW- v#.k dqekj ik.Ms;

MkW- vkseizdk'k ijke'kZnkrk] fganh
MkW- nsosUnz ukSfV;ky ekufodh fo|kihB]
bXuw] ubZ fnYyh
MkW- yYyu jk;
MkW- jkec{k
MkW- jkefou; 'kekZ
MkW- e/kqjs'k
Jh fryd jkt Jh ;'kiky

lgk;d dqy lfpo ¼izdk'ku½ vuqHkkx vf/kdkjh ¼izdk'ku½
lk-fu- ,oa fo- iz- bXuw] ubZ fnYyh lk-fu- ,oa fo- iz- bXuw] ubZ fnYyh
tuojh] 2021
bafnjk xka/kh jk"Vªh; eqDr fo'ofo|ky;] 2021
ISBN-
lokZf/kdkj lqjf{kr] bl dk;Z dk dksbZ Hkh va'k bafnjk xka/kh jk"Vªh; eqDr fo'ofo|ky; dh fyf[kr
vuqefr fy, fcuk fefe;ksxzkQ vFkok fdlh vU; lk/ku ls iqu% izLrqr djus dh vuqefr ugha gSA
ekufodh fo|kihB ,oa bafnjk xka/kh jk"Vªh; eqDr fo'ofo|ky; ds ikB~;Øeksa ds ckjs esa fo'ofo|ky;
dk;kZy; eSnku x<+h ubZ fnYyh ls vf/kd tkudkjh izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA
bafnjk xka/kh jk"Vªh; eqDr fo'ofo|ky; dh vksj ls dqylfpo] lkexzh fuekZ.k ,oa forj.k izHkkx] bXuw }kjk
eqfnzr ,oa izdkf'kr
ystj Vkbi lsfVax % Vslk ehfM;k ,.M daI;wVj] C-206, A.F.Enclave-II] ubZ fnYyh
eqnzd %
vc vki ch-,- lh-ch-lh-,l- ds vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk ikB~;Øe ds varxZr ^fganh lkfgR; %
fofo/k fo/kk,¡* dk v/;;u djus tk jgs gSaA 6 ØsfMV ds bl ikB~;Øe esa dqy 12 bdkb;k¡ gSa
ftUgsa nks [kaMksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA nksuksa [kaMksa esa Øe'k% Ng-Ng bdkb;k¡ gSaA lkfgR;
dh izR;sd fo/kk nwljh fo/kkvksa ls Hkk"kk-f'kYi lajpuk vkSj fo"k;-oLrq ds /kjkry ij dqN vyx
vkS j oS f 'k"V~ ; ;q D r gksr h gS A blh vk/kkj ij ml lkfgR; :i dks ,d Lora=
fo/kk dk LFkku Hkh izkIr gksrk gSA izLrqr ikB~;Øe lkfgR; dh fofo/k fo/kkvksa ds fo/kkxr
oSf'k"V~; vkSj vU; fo/kkvksa ls muds varj dks Li"V djrs gq, Hkkf"kd iz;ksx dh fo'ks"krk,¡
crkrk gSA
[kaM 1 ds varxZr dgkuh] O;aX;] ,dkadh] fuca/k] vkRedFkk vkSj dfork dh lkfgfR;d ,oa
f'kYixr fo'ks"krk,¡ le>k;h xbZ gSaA izsepan dh dgkuh îwl dh jkr* dks vk/kkj cukdj dgkuh
ds rRoksa dk foospu fd;k x;k gSA O;aX; dk Lo:i Li"V djus ds fy, izfl) O;aX;dkj
gfj'kadj ijlkbZ ds O;aX; fuca/k ôS".ko dh fQlyu* dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSA ,dkadh
fo/kk ds rgr eksgu jkds'k ds ,dkadh ^cgqr cM+k loky* ds dF;] pfj=-fo/kku] ifjos'k]
jaxeaph;rk vkSj laokn ;kstuk bR;kfn dks le>k;k x;k gSA fuca/k fo/kk dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkus
ds fy, egknsoh oekZ ds fuca/k ^thus dh dyk* dk foospu-fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSA vkseizdk'k
okyehfd dh vkRedFkk ^twBu* ij fopkj djrs gq, ^vkRedFkk* ds fofo/k rRoksa dk ifjp; fn;k
x;k gSA dfork vkfn lkfgR; :i gSA dfork ds Lo:i vkSj fodkl ;k=k dks le>kus ds fy,
ikB~;Øe ds varxZr ge HkfDrdkyhu dfo lwjnkl vkSj rqylhnkl ds lkFk vk/kqfud dky ds
eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr lw;Zdkar f=ikBh ^fujkyk* ,oa egknsoh oekZ dh dfork,a okpu ds fy, ns jgs
gSa ftuds ek/;e ls vki lgtrk ls ^dfork* fo/kk ds Lo:i dks le> ldsaxsA
[kaM 2 Mk;jh] i=-lkfgR;] fjiksrkZt] ;k=k-o`Ùkkar] thouh vkSj laLej.k fo/kk ij dsafnzr gSA
Mk;jh fo/kk dks le>kus ds fy, geus eksgu jkds'k dh Mk;jh va'k dk p;u fd;k gS vkSj ,d
fo/kk ds :i esa Mk;jh dk vkRedFkk] laLej.k vkSj ;k=k-o`Ùkkar ls varj Hkh Li"V fd;k gSA ,d
fo/kk ds :i esa i= dk Hkh cgqr egRo gSA bu i=ksa ds ek/;e ls ge ftldks i= fy[kk x;k
gS vkSj ftlus i= fy[kk gS] nksuksa ds vkilh laca/k vkSj lkekftd&jktuhfrd ljksdkjksa dks
le>us ds lw= izkIr djrs gSaA usfepUnz tSu ds uke eqfDrcks/k ds nks i=ksa dks geus ikB~;Øe
esa 'kkfey fd;k gSA fdlh fjiksVZ dk dykRed vkSj lkfgfR;d :i gh fjiksrkZt gSA ikB~;Øe
esa geus ^,dyO; ds uksV~l* 'kh"kZd fjiksrkZt ds ek/;e ls fjiksrkZt fo/kk dh fo'ks"krk,¡ Li"V
dh gSaA ;k=k-o`Ùkkar dks le>kus ds fy, jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u ds ;k=k-o`Ùkkar va'k dk okpu fn;k
x;k gS ftldks i<+rs gq, vki ;k=k-o`Ùkkar ds rRoksa dks le> ldsaxsA ^thouh* fo/kk ds varxZr
jkefoykl 'kekZ }kjk fy[kh x;h lw;Zdkar f=ikBh ^fujkyk* dh thouh ^fujkyk dh lkfgR; lk/
kuk* j[kh xbZ gSA laLej.k fo/kk esa egknsoh oekZ dk laLej.k îFk ds lkFkh* dk lqHknzkdqekjh
pkSgku ij fy[kk x;k va'k fn;k x;k gSA bl va'k ds v/;;u ds mijkar vki laLej.k fo/kk
dks Hkh le> ldsaxAs
mi;qZDr fo/kkvksa ds varxZr iBu gsrq fn, x, va'kksa dk v/;;u dj vki bu fo/kkvksa ds rRoksa
vkSj mudh fo'ks"krkvksa dks le> ldsaxsA bu lkfgR; :iksa dks vkSj i<+us rFkk le>us ds fy,
geus fofHkUu bdkb;ksa ds var esa mi;ksxh iqLrdksa dh lwph nh gSA ftudk v/;;u dj vki
vius Kku dks vkSj foLrkj ns ldrs gSaA ikB ds varxZr fn, x, iz'uksa dk mÙkj nsdj vki
viuh izxfr vkSj vius fo"k; cks/k dks ij[k ldrs gSaA ;fn ikBksa dks le>us esa fdlh izdkj
dh leL;k vk, rks ijke'kZ l=ksa ds nkSjku vki mu ij ppkZ dj ldrs gSaA
BHDLA-138
bafnjk xka/kh jk"Vªh; eqä fo'ofo|ky;
ekufodh fo|kihB
[kaM
1
^fganh lkfgR; % fofo/k fo/kk,¡* ikB~;Øe ds bl igys [kaM esa gekjk y{; vkidks lkfgR;
dh fofHkUu fo/kkvksa ls ifjfpr djkuk gS rkfd vki lkfgR; dk vkLoknu dj ldsaA
lkfgR; esa Hkk"kk dk l`tukRed :i O;ä gksrk gSA lkfgR; dh fHkUu&fHkUu fo/kkvksa esa
Hkk"kk ds fHkUu&fHkUu :i fn[kk;h nsrs gSAa vkidks bl [kaM esa fofo/k lkfgR;&fo/kkvksa ds
ek/;e ls l`tukRed Hkk"kk ds fHkUu&fHkUu :iksa dk ifjp; feysxk] ftlls vkidks fganh
Hkk"kk dh ç—fr le>us esa vkSj enn feysxhA
bl [kaM esa ge dqy Ng bdkb;k¡ ns jgs gSAa bdkbZ 1 esa çsepan dh dgkuh îwl dh jkr*
okpu ds fy, nh tk jgh gSA bdkbZ 2 esa gfj'kadj ijlkbZ }kjk fyf[kr ,d O;aX;&
fuca/k ôS".ko dh fQlyu^ fn;k x;k gSA bdkbZ 3 esa eksgu jkds'k dk ^cgqr cM+k loky*
'kh"kZd ,dkadh okpu ds fy, fn;k x;k gSA bdkbZ 4 esa ^thus dh dyk^ 'kh"kZd egknsoh
oekZ dk ,d ukjh leL;k ls lacaf/kr fuca/k fn;k x;k gSA bdkbZ 5 esa ^twBu^ 'kh"kZd vkse
çdk'k okYehfd dh vkRedFkk dk ,d va'k fn;k x;k gSA
[kaM dh vafre bdkbZ esa lwjnkl] rqylhnkl] eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr] lw;Zdkar f=ikBh ^fujkyk*
,oa egknsoh oekZ dk dkO;] okpu ds fy, fn;k x;k gSA bl çdkj bu bdkb;ksa esa vki
dgkuh] O;aX;] ,dkadh fuca/k] vkRedFkk vkSj dfork uked fo/kkvksa dk v/;;u djsaxAs
okpu ds vfrfjä buesa bu fo/kkvksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crk;h x;h gSaA fo/kkvksa dh fof'k"Vrkvksa
ds vk/kkj ij mudk fo'ys"k.k Hkh fd;k x;k gSA ge ;gk¡ fuca/k vkSj vkRedFkk ds ^va'k*
okpu ds fy, çLrqr dj jgs gSa D;ksafd bu bdkb;ksa esa iwjh jpuk dks çLrqr djuk laHko
ugha gS] ftuls vkidks ifBr lkfgfR;d jpukvksa dh fof'k"Vrk le>us esa enn feysxhA
bu bdkb;ksa esa fn;s x;s ç'uksa ds vki }kjk fy[ks mÙkj] bdkbZ esa fn;s x;s mÙkjksa ls gwcgw
feyuk t+:jh ugha gSA vki bdkbZ ds var esa fn;s x;s mÙkj ls vius mÙkj dks feyk
yhft,A vxj vki vius mÙkj ls larq"V gSa] rks Bhd] vU;Fkk bdkbZ dks iqu% if<+,A
[kaM ds var esa ikfjHkkf"kd vkSj dfBu 'kCnksa ds vFkZ fn;s x;s gSa] vki mudh lgk;rk ys
ldrs gSaA
çR;sd bdkbZ ds ckn vkxs ds v/;;u ds fy, dqN iqLrdksa ds uke fn;s x;s gSaA vki
mudk Hkh v/;;u djsAa ;s iqLrdsa vkidh fo"k;xr le> dks vkSj foLrkj nsus esa mi;ksxh
gksaxhA
6
1-0 mn~ns';
1-1 çLrkouk
1-2 dgkuh % iwl dh jkr
1-3 dgkuh dk lkj
1-4 lanHkZ lfgr O;k[;k
1-5 dFkkoLrq
1-6 pfj=-fp=.k
1-7 ifjos'k
1-8 lajpuk f'kYi
1-9 çfrik|
1-10 lkjka'k
1-11 mi;ksxh iqLrdsa
1-12 cks/k ç'uks@
a vH;klksa ds mÙkj
çLrqr bdkbZ esa vki dgkuh ds fofHkUu i{kksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡ tkusaxsA

bl bdkbZ dks i<+us ds ckn vki :
• dgkuh dk lkj crk ldsaxs rFkk dgkuh ds egRoiw.kZ va'kksa dh O;k[;k dj
ldsax(s
• dgkuh dh dFkkoLrq dk fo'ys"k.k dj ldsax(s
• dgkuh ds çeq[k ik=ksa dk pfj=&fp=.k dj ldsax(s
• dgkuh ds ifjos'k dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crk ldsaxs(
• dgkuh dh 'kSyh] Hkk"kk vkSj laokn dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crk ldsaxs vkSj
• mi;qZä fo'ys"k.k ds ek/;e ls dgkuh ds egRo dh igpku dj ldsaxsA
bl ikB~;Øe esa vki lkfgR; dh fofHkUu fo/kkvksa dk v/;;u djsaxAs izLrqr bdkbZ
esa çsepan dh dgkuh ‘iwl dh jkr’ nh tk jgh gSA bl dgkuh dh x.kuk çsepan
dh Js"B dgkfu;ksa esa dh tkrh gSA
çsepan dk tUe okjk.klh ds ikl yegh xk¡o esa lu~ 1880 esa gqvk FkkA mUgksaus ch-
,- rd f'k{kk çkIr dhA vkjaHk esa mUgksaus mnwZ esa ys[ku fd;k] ckn esa os fganh esa Hkh
fy[kus yxsA ys[ku ds vfrfjä] çsepan f'k{kk foHkkx esa fujh{kd jgs vkSj ^gal^ 7
if=dk dk laiknu fd;kA mudk nsgkolku 1936 esa gqvkA fganh dgkuh ijaijk esa
çsepan dk ;qxkarjdkjh egRo gSA mUgksaus fganh dgkuh dks u;k eksM+ fn;k FkkA
mUgksaus dgkuh dks lkekftd ;FkkFkZ ls tksM+k vkSj mls lksn~ns';rk çnku dhA
mUgksaus viuh dgkfu;ksa esa mRihfM+r vkSj 'kksf"kr turk ds nq%[k&nnZ dks ok.kh nh]
mudh laosnuk vkSj la?k"kZ dks u;k vFkZ fn;kA vkjaHk esa mu ij vkn'kZokn dk çHkko
Fkk] ysfdu /khjs&/khjs mudk vkn'kZokn ls eksgHkax gksus yxk vkSj os 'kks"kd oxksaZ dh
vekuoh;rk ds dVq vkykspd cu x;sA çsepan us vius dFkk lkfgR; esa thou ds
çR;sd i{k ij fy[kk ysfdu fdlkuksa vkSj efgykvksa ds çfr mudh xgjh lgkuqHkwfr
FkhA êkuljksoj* ds vkB Hkkxksa esa mudh lHkh çkIr dgkfu;k¡ ladfyr gSaA mudh
dqN çfl) dgkfu;k¡ gSa: ^dQu*] îwl dh jkr^] ^'krjat ds f[kykM+h^] ^Bkdqj dk
dqvk¡^] ^ln~xfr^ vkfnA muds ç[;kr miU;klksa esa ^xksnku^] ^jaxHkwfe^] ^deZHkwfe^]
^çsekJe^] ^fueZyk^] ^lsoklnu^ dh ppkZ dh tkrh gSA ^xksnku^ dks fdlku&thou dk
egkdkO; dgk x;k gSA
îwl dh jkr^ dgkuh dk dF; fdlku&thou ls lacaf/kr gSA çsepan us bl dgkuh
ds ek/;e ls crk;k gS fd fdl rjg dBksj ifjJe ds ckotwn fdlku ges'kk
vHkkoksa ls f?kjk jgrk gS vkSj dtZ ls eqä ugha gks ikrkA yxkrkj 'kks"k.k ls
mRihfM+r fdlku dh vkLFkk fdlkuh ls Mxexk tkrh gSA dgkuh ds blh dF; dk
fo'ys"k.k bl bdkbZ esa foLrkj ls fd;k x;k gSA bdkbZ esa fn;s x;s cks/k ç'u vkSj
vH;kl ls vki ;g tku ldsaxs fd vkius dgkuh dks fdruk le>k gSA
gYdw us vkdj L=h ls dgk & lguk vk;k gSA ykvks] tks #i;s j[ks gSa] mls ns nw¡]
fdlh rjg xyk rks NwVAs
eqUuh >kM+w yxk jgh FkhA ihNs fQjdj cksyh & rhu gh rks #i;s gSa] ns nksxs rks
dEey dgk¡ ls vkosxk\ ek?k&iwl dh jkr gkj esa dSls dVsxh\ mlls dg nks]
Qly ij ns nsaxAs vHkh ughaA
gYdw ,d {k.k vfuf'pr n'kk esa [kM+k jgkA iwl flj ij vk x;k] dEey ds fcuk
gkj esa jkr dks og fdlh rjg lks ugha ldrkA exj lguk ekusxk ugha] ?kqM+fd;k¡
tekosxk] xkfy;k¡ nsxkA cyk ls tkM+ksa esa ejsaxs] cyk rks flj ls Vy tk,xh] ;g
lksprk gqvk og viuk Hkkjh Hkjde Mhy fy;s gq, ¼tks mlds uke dks >wBk fl)
djrk Fkk½ L=h ds lehi vk x;k vkSj [kq'kken djds cksyk & yk ns ns] xyk rks
NwVsA dEey ds fy, dksbZ nwljk mik; lkspw¡xkA
eqUuh mlds ikl ls nwj gV x;h vkSj vk¡[ksa rjsjrh gqbZ cksyh & dj pqds nwljk
mik;! tjk lquw¡ rks dkSu mik; djksxs\ dksbZ [kSjkr esa ns nsxk dEey\ u tkus
fdruh ckdh gS] tks fdlh rjg pqdus gh ugha vkrhA eSa dgrh gw¡] rqe D;ksa ugha
[ksrh NksM+ nsr\s ej&ej dke djks] mit gks rks ckdh ns nks] pyks Nqêh gqbZA ckdh
pqdkus ds fy, gh rks gekjk tUe gqvk gSA isV ds fy, etwjh djksA ,slh [ksrh ls
ckt vk;sA eSa #i;s u nw¡xh & u nw¡xhA
8
gYdw mnkl gksdj cksyk & rks D;k xkyh [kkÅ¡\
eqUuh us rM+idj dgk & ^xkyh D;ksa nsxk] D;k mldk jkt gS\^
exj ;g dgus ds lkFk gh mldh ruh gqbZ HkkSagas <hyh iM+ xb±A gYdw ds ml okD;
esa tks dBksj lR; Fkk] og ekuks ,d Hkh"k.k tarq dh Hkk¡fr mls ?kwj jgk FkkA
mlus tkdj vkys ij ls #i;s fudkys vkSj ykdj gYdw ds gkFk ij j[k fn;sA fQj
cksyh+ ^rqe NksM+ nks vcdh ls [ksrhA etwjh esa lq[k ls ,d jksVh [kkus dks rks
feysxhA fdlh dh /kkSal rks u jgsxhA vPNh [ksrh gS! etwjh djds ykvks] og Hkh
mlh esa >ksad nks] ml ij /kkSalA^
gYdw us #i;s fy;s vkSj bl rjg ckgj pyk] ekuks viuk ân; fudky dj nsus tk
jgk gksA mlus etwjh ls ,d&,d iSlk dkV&dkVdj rhu #i;s dEcy ds fy,
tek fd, FksA og vkt fudys tk jgs FksA ,d&,d ix ds lkFk mldk eLrd
viuh nhurk ds Hkkj ls nck tk jgk FkkA
iwl dh v¡/ksjh jkr! vkdk'k ij rkjs Hkh fBBqjrs gq, ekywe gksrs FksA gYdw vius [ksr
ds fdukjs Å[k ds iÙkksa dh ,d Nrjh ds uhps ck¡l ds [kVksys ij viuh iqjkuh
xk<+s dh pknj vks<+s iM+k dk¡i jgk FkkA [kkV ds uhps mldk laxh dqÙkk tcjk isV
esa eq¡g Mkys lnhZ ls dw¡&dw¡ dj jgk FkkA nks esa ls ,d dks Hkh uhan u vkrh FkhA
gYdw us ?kqVfu;ksa dks xjnu esa fpidkrs gq, dgk & D;ksa tcjk] tkM+k yxrk gS\
dgrk rks Fkk] ?kj esa iqvky ij ysV jg] rks ;gk¡ D;k ysus vk;s FksA vc [kkvks BaM]
eSa D;k d:¡A tkurs Fks] eSa ;gk¡ gyqok&iwjh [kkus vk jgk gw¡] nkSM+s&nkSM+s vkxs&vkxs
pys vk;sA vc jksvks ukuh ds uke dksA
tcjk us iM+s&iM+s nqe fgyk;h vkSj viuh dw¡&dw¡ dks nh?kZ cukrk gqvk ,d ckj
tEgkbZ ysdj pqi gks x;kA mldh 'oku&cqf) us 'kk;n rkM+ fy;k] ^Lokeh dks esjh
dw¡&dw¡ ls uhan ugha vk jgh gSA^
gYdw us gkFk fudkydj tcjk dh BaMh ihB lgykrs gq, dgk &^dy ls er vkuk
esjs lkFk] ugha rks BaMs gks tkvksxsA ;g jk¡M+ iNqvk u tkus dgk¡ ls cjQ fy;s vk
jgh gSA mBw¡ fQj ,d fpye Hk:¡A fdlh rjg jkr rks dVsA vkB fpye rks ih
pqdkA ;g [ksrh dk etk gS! vkSj ,d&,d Hkkxoku ,sls iM+s gSa] ftuds ikl tkM+k
tk; rks xjeh ls ?kcM+kdj HkkxsA eksVs&eksVs xís] fygkQ] dEeyA etky gS] tkM+s
dk xqtj gks tk;A rdnhj dh [kwch gSA etwjh ge djsa] etk nwljs ywVsa!^
gYdw mBk xM~<s esa ls tjk lh vkx fudkydj fpye HkjhA tcjk Hkh mB cSBkA
gYdw us fpye ihrs gq, dgk] fi,xk fpye] tkM+k rks D;k tkrk gS] gk¡ tjk] eu
cny tkrk gSA
tcjk us mlds eq¡g dh vksj çse ls Nydrh gqbZ vk¡[kksa ls ns[kkA
gYdw & vkt vkSj tkM+k [kk ys dy ls eSa ;gk¡ iqvky fcNk nwaxkA mlh esa ?kqldj
cSBuk] rc tkM+k u yxsxkA
tcjk us vxys iats mldh ?kqVfu;ksa ij j[k fn;s vkSj mlds eq¡g ds ikl viuk eq¡g
ys x;kA gYdw dks mldh xeZ lk¡l yxhA fpye ihdj gYdw fQj ysVk vkSj 9
fu'p; djds ysVk fd pkgs dqN gks vcdh lks tkÅ¡xk] ij ,d gh {k.k esa mlds
ân; esa dEiu gksus yxkA dHkh bl djoV ysVrk] dHkh ml djoV] ij tkM+k
fdlh fi'kkp dh Hkk¡fr mldh Nkrh dks nck, gq, FkkA
tc fdlh rjg u jgk x;k] mlus tcjk dks /khjs ls mBk;k vkSj mlds flj dks
FkiFkikdj mls viuh xksn esa lqyk fy;kA dqÙks dh nsg ls tkus dSls nqxaZ/k vk jgh
Fkh] ij og mls viuh xksn esa fpeVk, gq, ,sls lq[k dk vuqHko dj jgk Fkk] tks
b/kj eghuksa ls mls u feyk FkkA tcjk 'kk;n le> jgk Fkk fd LoxZ ;gha gS] vkSj
gYdw dh ifo= vkRek esa rks ml dqÙks ds çfr ?k`.kk dh xa/k rd u FkhA vius fdlh
vfHkUu fe= ;k HkkbZ dks Hkh og bruh gh rRijrk ls xys yxkrkA og viuh nhurk
ls vkgr u Fkk] ftlus vkt mls bl n'kk dks igq¡pk fn;kA ugha] bl vuks[kh eS=h
us tSls mldh vkRek ds lc }kj [kksy fn;s Fks vkSj mldk ,d&,d v.kq çdk'k ls
ped jgk FkkA
lglk tcjk us fdlh tkuoj dh vkgV ikbZA bl fo'ks"k vkReh;rk us mlesa ,d
ubZ LQwfrZ iSnk dj nh Fkh] tks gok ds BaMs >ksadksa dks rqPN le>rh FkhA og
>iVdj mBk vkSj Nijh ds ckgj vkdj Hkw¡dus yxkA gYdw us mls dbZ ckj
pqedkjdj cqyk;k] ij og mlds ikl u vk;kA gkj esa pkjksa rjQ nkSM+&nkSM+dj
Hkw¡drk jgkA ,d {k.k ds fy, vk Hkh tkrk] rks rqjar gh fQj nkSM+rkA dÙkZO; mlds
ân; esa vjeku dh Hkk¡fr mNy jgk FkkA
cks/k ç'u
vkius dgkuh dk mi;qZä va'k /;ku ls i<+k gksxkA vc vki fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa dk
lgh mÙkj dks"Bd esa mila[;k fy[kdj nhft, vkSj vius mÙkjksa dks bdkbZ ds var
esa fn;s x;s mÙkjksa ls feykb,A
1½ gYdw dh iRuh eqUuh us dtZ pqdkus dk fojks/k D;ksa fd;k\
d½ gYdw dks dacy dh t:jr FkhA
[k½ muds ikl iSls ugha FksA
x½ mUgksaus igys gh dtZ pqdk fn;k FkkA
?k½ iRuh us dtZ pqdkus dk fojks/k ugha fd;kA ¼½
2½ û tkus fdruh ckdh gS tks fdlh rjg pqdus gh ugha vkrhA* ;g okD;
fdlus fdlls dgk\
d½ gYdw us lguk ls
[k½ eqUuh us lguk ls
x½ gYdw us eqUuh ls
?k½ eqUuh us gYdw ls ¼½
3½ êtwjh ge djsa] etk nwljs ywVa!s ^ bl okD; dk rkRi;Z D;k gS\
d½ etnwjh djus esa etk ugha gSA
[k½ ,d dh esgur dk nwljs }kjk ykHk mBk;k tkukA
x½ fdlkuksa dh esgur ls ljdkj etk ywVrh gSA
?k½ etnwjh djus okys ets ugha ywVrsA ¼½
10
,d ?kaVk vkSj xqtj x;kA jkr us 'khr dks gok ls /k/kdkuk 'kq: fd;kA gYdw mB
cSBk vkSj nksuksa ?kqVuksa dks Nkrh ls feykdj flj dks mlesa fNik fy;k] fQj Hkh BaM
de u gqbZA ,slk tku iM+rk Fkk] lkjk jä te x;k gS] /kefu;ksa esa jä dh txg
fge cg jgk gSA mlus >qddj vkdk'k dh vksj ns[kk] vHkh fdruh jkr ckdh gSA
lIrf"kZ vHkh vkdk'k esa vk/ks Hkh ugha p<+sA Åij vk tk;saxs rc dgha losjk gksxkA
vHkh igj ls Åij jkr gSA
gYdw ds [ksrksa ls dksbZ ,d xksyh ds VIis ij vkeksa dk ,d ckx FkkA ir>M+ 'kq:
gks xbZ FkhA ckx es ifÙk;ksa dk <sj yxk gqvk FkkA gYdw us lkspk] pydj ifÙk;k¡
cVks:¡ vkSj mUgsa tykdj [kwc rkiw¡A jkr dks dksbZ eq>s ifÙk;k¡ cVksjrs ns[ks rks le>s]
dksbZ Hkwr gSA dkSu tkus dksbZ tkuoj gh fNik cSBk gks] exj vc rks cSBs ugha jgk
tkrkA
mlus ikl ds vjgj ds [ksr esa tkdj dbZ ikS/ks m[kkM+ fy;s vkSj mudk ,d >kM+w
cukdj gkFk esa lqyxrk gqvk miyk fy;s cxhps dh rjQ pykA tcjk us mls vkrs
ns[kk] ikl vk;k vkSj nqe fgykus yxkA
gYdw us dgk & vc rks ugha jgk tkrk tc:! pyks] cxhps esa ifÙk;k¡ cVksjdj
rkisaA Vk¡Bs gks tk,¡x]s rks fQj vkdj lks,¡xAs vHkh rks jkr cgqr gSA
tcjk us dw¡&dw¡ djds lgefr çdV dh vkSj vkxs cxhps dh vksj pykA
cxhps esa [kwc v¡/ksjk Nk;k gqvk Fkk vkSj va/kdkj esa funZ; iou ifÙk;ksa dks dqpyrk
gqvk pyk tkrk FkkA o`{kksa ls vksl dh cwansa ViVi uhps Vid jgh FkhaA
,dk,d ,d >ksadk esagnh ds Qwyksa dh [kq'kcw fy;s gq, vk;kA
gYdw us dgk & dSlh vPNh egd vkbZ tc:! rqEgkjh ukd esa Hkh dqN lqxa/k vk
jgh gS\ tcjk dks dgha tehu ij ,d gM~Mh iM+h fey xbZ FkhA mls fppksM+ jgk
FkkA
gYdw us vkx tehu ij j[k nh vkSj ifÙk;k¡ cVksjus yxkA tjk nsj esa ifÙk;ksa dk
<sj yx x;kA gkFk fBBqjs tkrs FksA uaxs ik¡o xys tkrs FksA vkSj og ifÙk;ksa dk
igkM+ [kM+k dj jgk FkkA blh vyko esa og BaM dks tykdj HkLe dj nsxkA
FkksM+h nsj esa vyko ty mBkA mldh ykS Åijokys o`{k dh ifÙk;ksa dks Nw&Nwdj
Hkkxus yxhA ml vfLFkj çdk'k esa cxhps ds fo'kky o`{k ,sls ekywe gksrs Fks] ekuks
ml vFkkg va/kdkj dks vius fljksa ij laHkkys gq, gksaA va/kdkj ds ml vkuan lkxj
ls ;g çdk'k ,d ukSdk ds leku fgyrk] epyrk gqvk tku iM+rk FkkA
gYdw vyko ds lkeus cSBk vkx rki jgk FkkA ,d {k.k esa mlus nksgj mrkjdj
cxy esa nck yh] nksuksa ik¡o QSyk fn;s] ekuks BaM dks yydkj jgk gks] ^rsjs th esa
tks vk, lks djA* BaM dh vlhe 'kfä ij fot; ikdj og fot;&xoZ dks ân;
esa fNik u ldrk FkkA
mlus tcjk ls dgk & D;ksa tcjk] vc BaM ugha yx jgh gS\
tcjk us dw¡&dw¡ djds ekuks dgk & vc D;k BaM yxrh gh jgsxh\
îgys ls ;g mik; u lw>k] ugha bruh BaM D;ksa [kkrsA^
11
tcjk us iw¡N fgyk;hA
^vPNk vkvks] bl vyko dks dwndj ikj djsaA ns[ksa] dkSu fudy tkrk gSA vxj
ty x, cPpw] rks eSa nok u d:¡xkA^
tcjk us ml vfXu&jkf'k dh vksj dkrj us=ksa ls ns[kk!
êqUuh ls dy u dg nsuk] ugha yM+kbZ djsxhA^
;g dgrk gqvk og mNyk vkSj ml vyko ds Åij ls lkQ fudy x;k! iSjksa esa
tjk yiV yxh] ij og dksbZ ckr u FkhA tcjk vkx ds fxnZ ?kwedj mlds ikl
vk [kM+k gqvkA
gYdw us dgk & pyks&pyks] bldh lgh ugha! Åij ls dwndj vkvksA og fQj
dwnk vkSj vyko ds bl ikj vk x;k!
ifÙk;k¡ ty pqdh FkhaA cxhps esa fQj v¡/ksjk Nk;k FkkA jk[k ds uhps dqN&dqN vkx
ckdh Fkh] tks gok dk >ksadk vk tkus ij tjk tkx mBrh Fkh] ij ,d {k.k esa fQj
vk¡[ksa can dj ysrh FkhA
gYdw us fQj pknj vks<+ yh vkSj xeZ jk[k ds ikl cSBk gqvk ,d xhr xquxqukus
yxkA mlds cnu esa xehZ vk xbZ Fkh] ij T;ksa&T;ksa 'khr c<+rh tkrh Fkh] mls
vkyL; nck, ysrk FkkA tcjk tksj ls Hkw¡ddj [ksr dh vksj x;kA gYdw dks ,slk
ekywe gqvk fd tkuojksa dk ,d >qaM mlds [ksr esa vk;k gSA 'kk;n uhyxk;ksa dk
>qaM FkkA muds dwnus&nkSM+us dh vkoktsa lkQ dku esa vk jgh Fkha fQj ,slk ekywe
gqvk fd [ksr esa pj jgh gSaA muds pckus dh vkokt pj&pj lqukbZ nsus yxhA
mlus fny esa dgk & ugha] tcjk ds gksrs dksbZ tkuoj [ksr esa ugha vk ldrkA
uksp gh MkysA eq>s Hkze gks jgk gSA dgk¡! vc rks dqN ugha lqukbZ nsrkA eq>s Hkh
dSlk /kks[kk gqvk!
mlus tksj ls vkokt yxk;h & tcjk] tcjkA
tcjk Hkw¡drk jgkA mlds ikl u vk;kA
fQj [ksr ds pjs tkus dh vkgV feyhA vc og vius dks /kks[kk u ns ldkA mls
viuh ^txg ls fgyuk tgj yx jgk FkkA dSlk nank;k gqvk cSBk FkkA bl
tkM+s&ikys esa [ksrksa esa tkuk] tkuojksa ds ihNs nkSM+uk vlá tku iM+kA og viuh
txg ls u fgykA
mlus tksj ls vkokt yxk;h & fygks! fygks! fygks!
tcjk fQj Hkwad mBkA tkuoj [ksr pj jgs FksA Qly rS;kj gSA dSlh vPNh [ksrh
Fkh] ij ;s nq"V tkuoj mldk loZuk'k fd, Mkyrs gSaA
gYdw iDdk bjknk djds mBk vkSj nks rhu dne pyk] ij ,dk,d gok dk ,slk
BaMk] pqHkusokyk] fcPNw ds Mad dk&lk >ksadk yxk fd og fQj cq>rs gq, vyko ds
ikl vk cSBk vkSj jk[k dks dqjsndj viuh BaMh nsg dks xekZus yxkA
12
tcjk viuk xyk QkM+s Mkyrk Fkk] uhyxk;sa [ksr dk lQk;k fd, Mkyrh Fkha vkSj
gYdw A xeZ jk[k ds ikl 'kkar cSBk gqvk FkkA vdeZ.;rk us jfLl;ksa dh Hkk¡fr mls
pkjksa rjQ ls tdM+ j[kk FkkA
mlh jk[k ds ikl xeZ tehu ij og pknj vks<+dj lks x;kA
lcsjs tc mldh uhan [kqyh] rc pkjksa rjQ /kwi QSy xbZ Fkh vkSj eqUuh dg jgh Fkh
& D;k vkt lksrs gh jgksx\s rqe ;gk¡ vkdj je x, vkSj m/kj lkjk [ksr pkSiV gks
x;kA
gYdw us mBdj dgk & D;k rw [ksr ls gksdj vk jgh gS\
êqUuh cksyh & gk¡] lkjs [ksr dk lR;kuk'k gks x;kA Hkyk] ,slk Hkh dksbZ lksrk gSA
rqEgkjs ;gk¡ e¡MS+;k Mkyus ls D;k gqvk\
gYdw us cgkuk fd;k & eSa ejrs&ejrs cpk] rq>s vius [ksr dh iM+h gSA isV esa ,slk
njn gqvk] ,slk njn gqvk fd eSa gh tkurk gw¡!
nksuksa fQj [ksr ds Mk¡M+ ij vk;sA ns[kk] lkjk [ksr jkSank iM+k gqvk gS vkSj tcjk
e¡M+S;k ds uhps fpr ysVk gS] ekuks çk.k gh u gksA
nksuksa [ksr dh n'kk ns[k jgs FksA eqUuh ds eq[k ij mnklh Nk;h Fkh] ij gYdw çlUu
FkkA
eqUuh us fpafrr gksdj dgk & vc etwjh djds ekyxqtkjh Hkjuh iM+sxhA
gYdw us çlUu eq[k ls dgk & jkr dks BaM esa ;gk¡ lksuk rks u iM+sxkA
'kCnkoyh&pkSiV gks x;k % u"V gks x;k] e¡M+;
S k % >ksiM+h] Mk¡M+ % [ksr dh lhek]
fdukjk] ekyxqtkjh % tehu ij dj
cks/k ç'u
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds lgh mÙkj dks"Bd esa mila[;k fy[kdj nhft, vkSj vius
mÙkj bdkbZ ds var esa fn;s x;s mÙkjksa ls feykb,A
4½ gYdw us [ksr ij BaM ls cpus ds fy, D;k fd;k\
d½ mlus dacy vks<+ fy;kA
[k½ og ?kj pyk x;kA
x½ mlus vyko tyk;kA
?k½ ogh lnhZ esa fBBqjrk jgkA ¼ ½
5½ ^tks gok dk >ksadk vk tkus ij tjk tkx mBrh Fkh] ij ,d {k.k esa fQj vk¡[ksa
can dj ysrh FkhA* bl okD; esa fdlds txus dh vksj ladsr fd;k x;k gS\
d½ eqUuh
[k½ BaM
x½ uhan
13
?k½ vkx ¼ ½
6½ gYdw ds [ksr dh [kM+h Qly dks fdlus u"V fd;k\
d½ vkx us
[k½ dqÙks us
x½ uhyxk;ksa us
?k½ ck<+ us ¼ ½
vkius dgkuh dks /;kuiwoZd i<+k gksxkA vki le> x;s gksaxs fd çsepan us dgkuh
ds ek/;e ls D;k dguk pkgk gSA dgkuh ij foLr`r fopkj djus ls igys vkb,]
ge dFkk dk lkj tku ysaA
îwl dh jkr^ dgkuh xzkeh.k thou ls lacaf/kr gSA bl dgkuh dk uk;d gYdw
ekewyh fdlku gSA mlds ikl FkksM+h&lh tehu gS] ftl ij [ksrh djds og xqtkjk
djrk gS ysfdu [ksrh ls tks vk; gksrh gS] og _.k pqdkus esa fudy tkrh gSA
lfnZ;ksa esa dacy [kjhnus ds fy, mlus etwjh djds cM+h eqf'dy ls rhu #i;s
bdës fd;s gSaA ysfdu og rhu #i;s Hkh egktu ys tkrk gSA mldh iRuh eqUuh
bldk cgqr fojks/k djrh gS] fdarq og Hkh var esa ykpkj gks tkrh gSA
gYdw viuh Qly dh ns[kHkky ds fy, [ksr ij tkrk gS] mlds lkFk mldk ikyrw
dqÙkk tcjk gSA ogh va/kdkj vkSj vdsysiu esa mldk lkFkh gSA ikS"k dk eghuk gSA
BaMh gok cg jgh gSA gYdw ds ikl pknj ds vykok vks<+us dks dqN ugha gSA og
dqÙks ds lkFk eu cgykus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS] fdarq BaM ls eqfä ugha feyrhA rc
og ikl ds vke ds cxhps ls ifÙk;k¡ bdëh dj vyko tykrk gSA vyko dh vkx
ls mldk 'kjhj xjek tkrk gS] vkSj mls jkgr feyrh gSA vkx cq> tkus ij Hkh
'kjhj dh xjekgV ls og pknj vks<+s cSBk jgrk gSA
m/kj [ksr esa uhyxk;sa ?kql tkrh gSaA tcjk mudh vkgV ls lko/kku gks tkrk gSA
og mu ij Hkw¡drk gSA gYdw dks Hkh yxrk gS fd [ksr esa uhyxk;sa ?kql vkbZ gSa
ysfdu og cSBk jgrk gSA uhyxk;sa [ksr dks pjus yxrh gSa] rc Hkh gYdw ugha
mBrkA ,d ckj mBrk Hkh gS rks BaM ds >ksads ls iqu% cSB tkrk gS vkSj var esa
pknj rkudj lks tkrk gSA
lqcg mldh iRuh mls txkrh gS vkSj crkrh gS fd lkjh Qly u"V gks x;hA og
fpafrr gksdj ;g Hkh dgrh gS fd ^vc etnwjh djds ekyxqtkjh Hkjuh iM+sxhA ^bl
ij gYdw çlUu gksdj dgrk gS fd jkr dks BaM esa ;gk¡ lksuk rks u iM+sxk!* blh
ds lkFk dgkuh lekIr gks tkrh gSA
;gk¡ ge dgkuh ds dqN egRoiw.kZ va'kksa dh lanHkZ lfgr O;k[;k çLrqr dj jgs gSa]
blls vkidks dgkuh le>us esa vkSj enn feysxhA
14
tcjk 'kk;n le> jgk Fkk fd LoxZ ;gh gS] vkSj gYdw dh ifo= vkRek esa rks ml
dqÙks ds çfr ?k`.kk dh xa/k rd u FkhA vius fdlh vfHkUu fe= ;k HkkbZ dks Hkh og
bruh gh rRijrk ls xys yxkrk gSA og viuh nhurk ls vkgr u Fkk] ftlus vkt
mls bl n'kk dks igq¡pk fn;kA ugha] bl vuks[kh eS=h us tSls mldh vkRek ds lc
}kj [kksy fn;s Fks vkSj mldk ,d&,d v.kq çdk'k ls ped jgk FkkA
;g m)j.k çsepan dh dgkuh îwl dh jkr^ ls fy;k x;k gSA bl dgkuh esa
gYdw ¼fdlku½ vius [ksr dh j[kokyh dj jgk gS vkSj mlds lkFk mldk dqÙkk
tcjk gSA gYdw BaM ls cpus ds fy, tcjs dks viuh xksn esa fpiVk ysrk gSA dqÙks
esa ls nqxZ/a k vk jgh gSA
tcjk dks viuh nsg ls fpiVk, gYdw dks lq[k dk vuqHko gks jgk FkkA ;g
lq[k oLrqr% ml vdsysiu] va/kdkj vkSj BaM dh jkr esa tcjk ds lkFk ls gYdw ds
eu esa iSnk gqvk FkkA gYdw esa Å¡p&uhp dk gh ugha euq"; vkSj i'kq dk Hkh Hksn
feV x;k FkkA og dqÙks dks mruk gh vkReh; le> jgk Fkk] ftruk og vius fdlh
fj'rsnkj vkSj fe= dks le>rkA gYdw xjhc Fkk] gkM+rksM+ esgur ds ckotwn] mldh
ftanxh vHkkoksa ls xzLr Fkh] ysfdu xjhch us mldh vkRek dh ifo=rk dks dqpyk
ugha FkkA blhfy, og ,d tkuoj ds lkFk Hkh cjkcjh vkSj vkReh;rk dk O;ogkj
dj ldk Fkk] mls viuk fe= cuk ldk FkkA tcjs ds lkFk fe=rk us mlds ân;
dks vkSj mnkj cuk fn;k Fkk] mldh vkRek esa ftu Hkkoksa dk lapkj gks jgk Fkk]
mlus mlds O;fäRo dks vkyksfdr dj fn;k FkkA tcjk ds çfr gYdw dh bl
Hkkouk dk vlj tcjk ij Hkh iM+k Fkk] vkSj og Hkh gYdw ds çfr vf/kd oQknkj gks
x;k Fkk] tks dgkuh ds vkxs ds ?kVuk fodkl esa O;ä gksrk gSA
1½ gYdw xjhch vkSj _.k ls iwjh rjg nck gqvk gSA vius [ksr dh j[kokyh djrs
gq, vius ikyrw dqÙks ds lkFk mldk O;ogkj fdlku ds ân; dh mPprk vkSj
mnkjrk dks mtkxj djrk gSA
2½ gYdw vkSj tcjk ds chp ds laca/k dks çsepan us vR;ar Hkkoço.k :i esa O;ä
fd;k gS] tks muds Hkkf"kd&dkS'ky dks Hkh crkrk gSA blds fy, çsepan us
çlkn&xq.k ls ;qä Hkk"kk dk ç;ksx fd;k gS vFkkZr~ Hkk"kk Hkkoksa dks O;ä djus
esa iwjh rjg l{ke gSA
m)j.k% 2
etwjh ge djsa] etk nwljs ywVa!s
lanHkZ% ;g mfä çsepan dh dgkuh îwl dh jkr^ ls yh x;h gSA dacy ds fy,
cpk, x, rhu #i;s lguk ¼egktu½ dks pqdkus ds ckn iwl dh BaMh jkr esa] dsoy
pknj ds lgkjs gYdw dks [ksr dh j[kokyh djuh gSA [ksr ij cSBs&cSBs gYdw ds eu
esa dbZ fopkj mBrs gSaA
O;k[;k% ;g NksVh&lh mfä fdlku ds thou dh foMacuk dks iwjh rhozrk ls O;ä
dj nsrh gSA fdlku vkSj etnwj jkr&fnu esgur djrs gSaA mUgha dh esgur ls
15
lekt dh t:jrsa iwjh gksrh gSaA ysfdu viuh esgur dk og ykHk ugha mBk ikrkA
tks dqN Hkh esgur&etwjh ls gkfly djrk gS] og dtZ pqdkus esa fudy tkrk gSA
ftuds ikl #i;k gS vkSj tks xjhcksa dks C;kt ij iSls nsrs gSa] os fcuk dksbZ esgur
fd;s C;kt ds :i esa xjhcksa dh esgur dh dekbZ ywVrs jgrs gSaA C;kt c<+rk jgrk
gS vkSj fdlku dHkh dtZ ugha pqdk ikrkA bl rjg og xjhch vkSj vHkkoksa esa gh
Q¡lk jgrk gS tcfd mudh esgur dh dekbZ dks ywVus okys] tks fdlh rjg dh
esgur Hkh ugha djrs] esgur djus okyksa ls dgha T;knk vkjke ls jgrs gSaA
fo'ks"k%
1½ ;g NksVh&lh mfä gekjs lekt ds eq[; varfoZjks/kksa dks cgqr gh rh[ks :i esa
O;ä dj nsrh gSA
2½ çsepan us bruh egRoiw.kZ ckr dks cgqr gh lgt :i esa çLrqr dj fn;k gSA
vH;kl
1½ uhps fn;s m)j.k dh lanHkZ lfgr O;k[;k dhft,A
u tkus fdruh ckdh gS] tks fdlh rjg pqdus gh ugha vkrhA eSa dgrh gw¡] rqe D;ksa
ugha [ksrh NksM+ nsrs\ ej&ej dke djks mit gks rks ckdh ns nks] pyks Nqêh gqbZA
ckdh pqdkus ds fy, gh rks gekjk tUe gqvk gSA isV ds fy, etwjh djksA ,slh
[ksrh ls ckt vk;sA
lanHkZ%
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dgkuh esa dFkkoLrq dk fuekZ.k ?kVukvksa rFkk ik=ksa ds ikjLifjd la;ksx ls gksrk gSA
dqN dFkkud ,sls gksrs gSa ftudh cqukoV esa ifjos'k dh Hkh cgqr cM+h fgLlsnkjh
gksrh gSA dF; ds vuqlkj gh dFkkoLrq dk Lo:i curk gS] mlh ds vuqlkj dHkh
?kVuk,¡ ç/kku gks tkrh gSa] dHkh pfj=] dHkh ifjos'k ;k okrkoj.kA bl dgkuh esa
?kVuk,¡ cgqr vf/kd ugha gSa] u gh ifjos'k dk foLr`r fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA ik= Hkh
cgqr de gSaA bl dgkuh dh fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd blesa ?kVuk fodkl] ik=ksa dk
pfj= vkSj ifjos'k rhuksa vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSaA
dgkuh dk vkjaHk: îwl dh jkr^ çsepan dh Js"B dgkfu;ksa esa fxuh tkrh gSA bl
dgkuh esa dFkk dk vf/kd foLrkj ugha gSA u ?kVukØe rsth ls cnyrs gSaA dFkk
dk vkjaHk gYdw ds ?kj ls gksrk gSA dgkuhdkj gYdw ds ?kj dk mruk gh o.kZu
djrk gS] ftrus dk ml dgkuh ls laca/k gSA gYdw us dtZ ys j[kk gS] lguk]
ftlls dtZ fy;k gS og viuk #i;k ek¡xus gYdw ds ;gk¡ vkrk gSA gYdw viuh
iRuh eqUuh ls #i;s ek¡xrk gSA eqUuh ds ikl rhu #i;s gSa tks gYdw us etwjh esa ls
cM+h eqf'dy ls cpk, gaS rkfd ,d dacy [kjhnk tk ldsA fcuk dacy ds tkM+ksa
dh jkr [ksrksa ij xqtkjuk dfBu gksxk] blhfy, eqUuh #i;s nsus dk fojks/k djrh
gSA bl le; ifr&iRuh esa tks ckrphr gksrh gS og vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSA eqUuh
dgrh gS û tkus fdruh ckdh gS tks fdlh rjg pqdus gh ugha vkrhA^ eqUuh ds
bl dFku esa ,d cM+h lPpkbZ dks çsepan us mtkxj fd;k gSA fdlku etcwj gksdj
egktu ls _.k ysrk gS] fdarq mlds ckn og mlls eqä ugha gks ikrkA C;kt&nj
ds tky esa og ,slk my> tkrk gS fd mldh lkjh esgur&etwjh mls pqdkus esa gh
pqd tkrh gSA
eqUuh fdlkuksa ds thou dh bl O;oLFkk dks vkSj mtkxj djrs gq, dgrh gS] êj
ej dke djks] mit gks rks ckdh ns nks] pyks Nqêh gqbZA ckdh pqdkus ds fy, gh rks
gekjk tUe gqvk gSA ^Li"V gh _.k pqdkrs jgus dh foMacuk ls ijs'kku fdlku ds
eu esa ;g loky t:j iSnk gksrk gS fd D;k mldk tUe dsoy _.k pqdkus ds
fy, gh gqvk gS D;k mldh esgur blh rjg nwljs gM+irs jgsaxAs vkSj viuk isV
Hkjus ds fy, mls etwjh djuh iM+sxhA vxj viuk isV Hkjus ds fy, etwjh gh
djuh gS rks fQj [ksrh ls fpids jgus dk D;k eryc blh Hkkouk ls çsfjr gksdj
eqUuh gYdw ls dgrh gS] ^rqe NksM+ nks vcdh ls [ksrhA etwjh esa lq[k ls ,d jksVh
17
[kkus dks rks feysxhA fdlh dh /kkSal rks u jgsxhA vPNh [ksrh gS! etwjh djds
ykvks] og Hkh mlh esa >ksad nks] ml ij /kkSalA* cgjgky] gYdw og rhu #i;s lguk
dks ns nsrk gSA ;g dgkuh dk igyk Hkkx gSA
bl Hkkx dks i<+us ls Li"V gksrk gS fd gYdw tSls xjhc fdlku ds fy, [ksrh
fdruh eqf'dy gksrh tk jgh FkhA ;gk¡ rd fd os ;g Hkh lkspus yxrs gSa fd D;ksa
u fdlkuh NksM+ dj etwjh dh tk,\ dgkuh dk 'ks"k va'k fdlku dh blh euksn'kk
dk vR;ar ekfeZd fp=.k djrk gSA
dgkuh dk fodkl: dgkuh dk nwljk Hkkx gYdw ds vius [ksr ij vkjaHk gksrk gSA
iwl dh va/ksjh jkr gSA gYdw ds lkFk flQZ mldk ikyrw dqÙkk tcjk gSA BaMh gok
py jgh gSA gYdw ds ikl lnhZ ls cpus ds fy, ,d pknj Hkj gS] ysfdu og
pknj ml BaM ls mldh j{kk ugha dj ikrhA gYdw dh euksHkkouk,¡ çsepan us ;gk¡
tcjk ds lkFk gYdw dh ckrphr ls O;ä dh gSA ;|fi dqÙkk gksus ds dkj.k tcjk
gYdw dh fdlh ckr dks u le> ldrk gS] u tokc ns ldrk gS] ysfdu tcjk ds
çfr gYdw dh vkReh;rk mldh ân;xr Å¡pkb;ksa dks O;ä djrh gSA
[ksr esa gYdw dh lcls cM+h fpark BaM ls cpko dh gSA og tcjk dks lacksf/kr dj
dgrk gS fd bruh lnhZ esa rqe esjs lkFk D;ksa vk,A fQj blh rjg dh ckr djrs
gq, og viuh fLFkfr dh rqyuk mu ^Hkkxoku^ yksxksa ds lkFk djus yxrk gS ^ftuds
ikl tkM+k tk, rks xjeh ls ?kcjkdj HkkxsA eksVs&eksVs xís] fygkQ] dacyA etky
gS] tkM+s dh xqtj gks tk,A rdnhj dh [kwch gSA etwjh ge djsa] etk nwljs ywVsaA ^
;gk¡ gYdw dh ckrksa ds ek/;e ls çsepan lekt ds ,d cgqr cM+s varfoZjks/k dks
mtkxj djrs gSaA og ,d rjg ls ;g ç'u mBkrs gSa fd ,slk D;ksa gS fd esgur
djus okyk fdlku rks Hkw[kk lksrk gS vkSj mldh esgur dk Qy Hkksxus okys ets
djrs gSa\ tkfgj gS] gYdw ds ikl bl loky dk tokc ugha gSA og rks bls
^rdnhj dh [kwch^ gh eku jgk gSA gYdw dh bl ekufldrk dh rqyuk vxj dgkuh
ds vkjaHk esa eqUuh dh ckrksa ls djsa rks ge vklkuh ls le> ldrs gSa fd nksuksa
,d&lh gh ckr lksp jgs gSaA vxj gekjh esgur nwljksa ds ikl gh tkuh gS rks
[ksrh ls tqM+s jgus dk D;k ykHk\
dgkuh dk vkxs dk fgLlk gYdw dh tkM+s ls cpko dh dksf'k'k ds :i esa lkeus
vkrk gSA igys og fpye ihrk gS] fQj pknj vks<+dj lksrk gS] rc Hkh lnhZ ls
cpko ugha gksrk] rks og dqÙks dks viuh xksn esa lqyk nsrk gSA dqÙkk gYdw dh bl
vkReh;rk dks eglwl Hkh djrk gSA blhfy, tc fdlh tkuoj dh vkgV vkrh gS
rks og pkSdUuk gksdj HkkSadus yxrk gSA
vkf[kj tc lnhZ ls fdlh rjhds ls cpko ugha gksrk rks gYdw vyko tykrk gSA
vyko ls mldks dkQh jkgr feyrh gSA mldk 'kjhj xjek tkrk gSA ,d u;k
mRlkg mlds eu esa iSnk gksrk gS vkSj og tcjk ds lkFk vyko ij ls dwnus dh
çfr;ksfxrk Hkh djus yxrk gSA
/khjs&/khjs vyko Hkh cq> tkrk gS] ysfdu 'kjhj dh xjekgV gYdw dks dkQh vPNh
yxrh gS] og xhr xquxqukus yxrk gSA ysfdu c<+rh lnhZ mlds vanj vkyL;
c<+kus yxrh gSA ;gk¡ dgkuh esa ,d egRoiw.kZ eksM+ vkrk gSA
18
dgkuh dh ifj.kfr: gYdw ds [ksr esa uhyxk;ksa dk >qaM ?kql vkrk gS] ftudh vkgV
ij tcjk HkkSadrk gqvk [ksr dh vksj Hkkxrk gSA gYdw dks Hkh yxrk gS fd tkuojksa
dk >qaM [ksr esa ?kql vk;k gSA fQj muds dwnus&nkSM+us dh vkoktsa Hkh vkus yxrh
gSa] vkSj fQj [ksr ds pjus dh HkhA ysfdu gYdw ugha mBrkA og vius eu dks >wBk
fnyklk nsrs gq, lksprk gS fd ^tcjk ds gksrs dksbZ tkuoj [ksr esa ugha vk ldrkA^
tcjk yxkrkj HkkSd a rk jgrk gS] ysfdu gYdw dks vkyL; ?ksjs jgrk gSA ,d ckj og
mBrk Hkh gS] nks&rhu dne pyrk gS] ysfdu BaM ds rst >ksads ds dkj.k og fQj
vyko ds ikl vkds cSB tkrk gSA vkf[kjdkj] uhyxk;sa iwjs [ksr dks u"V dj tkrh
gSaA
;gk¡ ç'u mBrk gS fd gYdw viuh Qly dks cpkus dh dksf'k'k D;ksa ugha djrk\
D;k og vkylh gS\ D;k og BaM ds ekjs bruk ijs'kku Fkk fd viuh Qly dk
u"V gksuk Hkh og lnhZ ds eqdkcys cnkZ'r dj ldrk FkkA Li"V gh dkj.k ;s ugha
gS\ dkj.k tSlk fd dgkuh ls lkQ gS gYdw dh og ekufldrk gS] ftldh ppkZ
ge igys dj pqds gSaA vkf[kj og viuh Qly dh j{kk fdlds fy, djs\ D;k
flQZ egktuksa dks yqVkus ds fy,\ vxj mldh esgur lwn[kksjksa vkSj tehankjksa ds
ikl gh tkuh gS rks fQj uhyxk;sa pj ysa rks D;k\ oLrqr% yxkrkj 'kks"k.k us gYdw
dks viuh gh esgur ls mitk;h Qly ls mnklhu cuk fn;k gS] blhfy, mldh
eq[; fpark lnhZ ls cpus dh gks tkrh gS] Qly dks cpkus dh ughaA ;gh dkj.k gS
fd og viuh iRuh ds ;g dgus ij fd vc etwjh djds ekyxqtkjh pqdkuh iM+sxh
rks og dgrk gS ^jkr dks BaM esa ;gk¡ lksuk rks u iM+sxkA^
cks/k ç'u
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa dk mÙkj nhft,A
7½ eqUuh dh og dkSu&lh ckr gS tks dgkuh dh ifj.kfr esa O;ä gqbZ gSA
d½ Þegktu xkyh D;ksa nsxk] D;k mldk jkt gS\Þ
[k½ Þckdh pqdkus ds fy, gh rks gekjk tUe gqvk gSAÞ
x½ Þrqe NksM+ nks vcdh ls [ksrhA etwjh esa lq[k ls ,d jksVh rks feysxhAÞ
?k½ Þu tkus fdruh ckdh gS] tks fdlh rjg pqdus gh ugha vkrhAÞ
8½ gYdw [ksr dks cpkus ds fy, D;ksa ugha mBk\
d½ mls BaM yx jgh FkhA
[k½ yxkrkj 'kks"k.k us mls viuh mit ds çfr mnklhu cuk fn;k FkkA
x½ mls tcjk ij fo'okl Fkk fd mlds jgrs tkuoj ugha ?kql ldrsA
?k½ mlds isV esa cM+s tksjksa ls nnZ mB jgk FkkA
9½ gYdw dks [ksrh NksM+us dh lykg nsrs gq, eqUuh dkSu ls fopkj çLrqr djrh gS\
rhu iafä;ksa esa mÙkj nhft,A
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10½ [ksr u"V gks tkus ij Hkh gYdw ÞçlUurkß O;ä djrk gS\ vki mu nks dkj.kksa
dks crkb, tks gYdw dh ÞçlUurkÞ esa O;ä gks jgs gSa\
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bl dgkuh esa dqy pkj ik= vkrs gSaA gYdw fdlku] mldh iRuh eqUuh] lguk tks
dtZ olwyus vkrk gS vkSj gYdw dk ikyrw dqÙkk tcjkA lguk dk ftØ flQZ
dgkuh ds vkjaÒ esa gS] mldk dgkuh esa çR;{k ços'k ugha gksrkA eqUuh dgkuh ds
igys vkSj vafre Hkkx esa vkrh gSA igys Hkkx esa og gYdw dks rhu #i;s lguk dks
nsus ls jksdrh gSA ml le; mlds ek/;e ls çsepan dgkuh dh dFkkoLrq ij
çdk'k Mkyus okyh dbZ ckrs dgykrs gSaA mu ckrksa ls vkSj ckr djus ds vankt ls
mlds –<+ O;fäRo dk irk pyrk gSA blds ckn vafre Hkkx esa og iqu% vkrh gS]
tc [ksr u"V gks tkus ds ckn og losjs vius ifr ds ikl igq¡prh gS vkSj mls
txkrh gSA ;gk¡ mldk nwljk :i lkeus vkrk gSA [ksr u"V gks tkus ls ;gka og
fpafrr utj vkrh gSA ysfdu çsepan us bl pfj= dk vf/kd foLrkj ugha fd;k gSA
tcjk [ksr ij gYdw ds lkFk jgrk gS] mldh LokfeHkfä] [ksr u"V gksrs ns[kdj
vius Lokeh dks lko/kku djus dh dksf'k'k] HkkSad&HkkSad dj tkuojksa dks Hkxkus dh
dksf'k'k vkSj var esa vlQy gks tkus ij iLr gksdj ysV tkuk] mldks dkQh
thoar ik= cuk nsrs gSa] ysfdu dgkuh esa foLrkj ls gYdw ds pfj= dh gh
vfHkO;fä gqbZ gSA
gYdw : gYdw îwl dh jkr^ dk dsaæh; pfj= gSA og xjhc fdlku gSA mlds ikl
dqN [ksrh yk;d tehu gSA tehu fdruh gS] bldk fooj.k çsepan us ugha fn;k gS]
ysfdu gYdw dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr ls vuqeku yxk ldrs gSa og cgqr ekewyh gSfl;r
dk fdlku gS vkSj [ksrh ;ksX; tehu Hkh cgqr de gksxhA tehu ij tks mit gksrh
gS] og ?kj&ifjokj ds fy, i;kZIr ugha gS] blfy, mls dtZ ysuk iM+rk gSA mldh
lkjh mit dtZ pqdkus esa pyh tkrh gS] fQj Hkh og _.k ls eqä ugha gks ikrkA
blfy, mls etnwjh djuh iM+rh gS] ;|fi Þetwjhß ls cpk, iSls Hkh mls egktu
20 dks nsus iM+rs gSaA
vkfFkZd nhurk us gYdw ds eu dks nhu ugha cuk;k gS yxkrkj 'kks"k.k us mls
/khjs&/khjs fdlkuh ds çfr mnklhu vo'; cuk fn;k gSA gYdw ds LoHkko dk ifjp;
gesa dgkuh dh 'kq#vkr ls gh yx tkrk gSA tc lguk dtZ ek¡xus vkrk gS] rc
mldh iRuh Þetwjhß ls cpk, rhu #i;s nsus dks rS;kj ugha gksrhA tcfd gYdw dk
–f"Vdks.k T;knk O;kogkfjd gSA og tkurk gS fd blls cpus dk dksbZ mik; ugha
gSA vxj vHkh og #i;k ugha nsxk rks mls xkfy;k¡ vkSj ?kqM+fd;k¡ lguh iM+saxhA
tc og ;gh ckr eqUuh dks dgrk gS rks eqUuh dgrh gS Þxkyh D;ksa nsxk] D;k
mldk jkt gSÞ eqUuh lwn[kksj egktuksa vkSj tehankjksa dh rkdr dks Hkys u tkurh
gks] gYdw tkurk gSA og tkurk gS fd buls cpus dk dksbZ jkLrk ugha gSA
gYdw ,d le>nkj fdlku gSA og lekt ds varfoZjks/k dks c[kwch le>rk gSA og
tkurk gS fd lekt esa ,sls yksx Hkh gSa ftuds ikl gj rjg dh lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa ds
lk/ku ekStwn gSaA ysfdu ;s lk/ku mu yksxksa ds ikl gSa tks Lo;a esgur ugha djrs]
tks fdlkuksa dh esgur dk ykHk mBkrs gSaA ysfdu gYdw blds lgh dkj.k dks
igpkuus esa vleFkZ gSA og mls ^rdnhj dh [kwch^ le>rk gSA ;kuh fd tks nwljksa
dh esgur ij ets dj jgs gSa] os HkkX;'kkyh gSa vkSj ge tks esgur djds Hkh Hkw[ks
ej jgs gSa] gekjk HkkX; gh [kjkc gS 'kks"k.k dks HkkX; dk [ksy le>us ds dkj.k
gYdw ds ikl 'kks"k.k ls cpus dk dksbZ vU; jkLrk ugha gSA blhfy, og lksprk gS
fd vxj [ksrh esa Hkh 'kks"k.k gksuk gS rks ,slh [ksrh ls fpids jgus dk D;k ykHk\
nwljs] og ;g Hkh lksprk gS fd tc yksx esgur u djds Hkh lq[kh gSa] rks fQj
esgur djrs jgus dk D;k eryc\ bl rjg yxkrkj 'kks"k.k mldh psruk dks —f"k
vkSj Je nksuksa ls mnklhu cuk nsrk gSA gYdw dh ;gh ekufldrk [ksr ij mlds
lkjs O;ogkj esa O;ä gksrh gSA
[ksr ij og vius mit dh ns[kHkky djus ds fy, vk;k gSA mlds lkFk mldk
dqÙkk gS] ftlds lkFk mldk O;ogkj mlds ân; dh ekuoh;rk vkSj ifo=rk dks
O;ä djrk gSA tSlk fd çsepan us Lo;a dgkuh esa fy[kk gS] ^xjhch us gYdw dh
vkRek dks vkgr ugha fd;k gS^ A blfy, og vius dks lnhZ ls cpkus ds fy,
ftruk fpafrr gS] mruh gh fpark tcjk dks ysdj Hkh gSA gYdw ds [ksr esa tc
uhyxk;sa vk tkrh gSa] rc gYdw mBdj ugha tkrkA igys og lksprk gS fd tcjk
ds jgrs dksbZ tkuoj [ksr esa tk gh ugha ldrkA fQj og mBrk Hkh gS rks nks&rhu
dne pydj BaM ds cgkus ls iqu% cSB tkrk gSA ;g tkurs gq, fd uhyxk;sa [ksr
pj jgh gSa] og pknj vks<+dj lks tkrk gSA mldk ;g O;ogkj fu'p; gh mlds
igys ds O;ogkj ls fHkUu gS] ysfdu vxj ge dgkuh ds igys Hkkx ij xkSj djsa rks
ge vklkuh ls le> ldrs gSa fd bl O;ogkj dk D;k dkj.k gS\ oLrqr% gYdw
yxkrkj 'kks"k.k ls ijs'kku gksdj ftl ekufldrk ls xqtj jgk gS] mlh dk urhtk
gS fd og viuh gh esgur ls mitkbZ Qly dks cpkus dh dksf'k'k ugha djrkA
fu”p; gh gYdw Lo;a bl O;ogkj ds fy, mÙkjnk;h ugha gSA ifjfLFkfr;ksa us mls
,slh fLFkfr esa igq¡pk fn;k gSA os ifjfLFkfr;k¡ gSa] fdlku dk yxkrkj 'kks"k.kA og
vf'kf{kr gS] /kkfeZd vkrad vkSj va/kfo'okl ds dkj.k HkkX;oknh gS] xjhc gS] blfy,
og dfFkr mPpoxhZ; egktuksa vkSj tehankjksa ds paxqy esa Q¡lk gqvk gSA 'kks"k.k ds
pØ ls og dSls eqä gks] ;g ugha tkurk] blfy, og fdlkuh djus dh ykpkjh ls
gh eqä gksus dh lksprk gSA Li"V gh mldh ekufldrk fdlku ds Hk;kog 'kks"k.k
dks gh mtkxj djrh gS] vkSj bl vFkZ esa gYdw dh ;g ekufldrk dsoy gYdw dh
21
ekufldrk ugha jgrh] xjhc esgurd'k dh ekufldrk cu tkrh gSA gYdw dk
pfj= blh vFkZ esa ,d oxhZ; pfj= cu tkrk gSA
vH;kl
2½ uhps fn;s x;s mnkgj.kksa ds vk/kkj ij gYdw ds pfj= dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
d½ exj lguk ekusxk ugha] ?kqM+fd;k¡ tekosxk] xkfy;k¡ nsxk] cyk ls tkM+ksa
esa ejsaxs] cyk rks lj ls Vy tk,xhA
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[k½ vkSj ,d&,d Hkkxoku ,sls iM+s gSa ftuds ikl tkM+k tk, rks xehZ ls
?kcM+k dj HkkxsA eksVs&eksVs xís&fygkQ] dEeyA etky gS tkM+s dk
xqtj gks tk,A rdnhj dh [kwch gSA etwjh ge djsa] etk nwljs ywVsaA
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x½ vkt vkSj tkM+k [kk ysA dy ls eSa ;gk¡ iqvky fcNk nw¡xkA mlh esa
?kqldj cSBuk] rc tkM+k u yxsxkA
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?k½ gYdw us cgkuk fd;k & eSa ejrs&ejrs cpk] rq>s vius [ksr dh iM+h gS!
isV esa ,slk njn gqvk fd eSa gh tkurk gw¡A
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22
dgkuh dh jpuk esa ns'k&dky dk cM+k egRo gksrk gSA ns'k&dky ls rkRi;Z gS og
ifjos'k ftlesa dgkuh dk iwjk ?kVukpØ ?kfVr gqvk gSA dgkuh dk ;g dF; ftl
ifjos'k esa ?kfVr gksrk gS] og Hkh dF; dks fu/kkZfjr djus esa viuh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk
fuHkkrk gSA nwljs dgkuh dk dF; ftl ns'k&dky ls lacaf/kr gksrk gS] mlds }kjk
ge ml ;qx dh fLFkfr;ksa dh vf/kd ;FkkFkZijd igpku Hkh djrs gSaA
îwl dh jkr^ dh jpuk çsepan us 1930 esa dh FkhA ml le; Hkkjr esa vaxzstksa dk
jkt FkkA vaxzsth jkt esa Hkkjr ds fdlkuksa dh n'kk vR;ar n;uh; FkhA tehankjh
çFkk ds dkj.k vke fdlkuksa dk Hk;adj 'kks"k.k gksrk FkkA mudh mit dk cM+k
fgLlk tehankj ekyxqtkjh ds :i esa olwy dj ysrs FksA blls mudks vius
thou;kiu ds fy, egktu ls dt+kZ ysuk iM+rk FkkA ysfdu egktu Hkh fdlku dh
etcwjh vkSj mldh vf'k{kk rFkk fiNM+siu dk ykHk mBkrs FksA ifj.kke ;g gksrk Fkk
fd ,d ckj _.k ds pØ esa Q¡lus ds ckn fdlku dh vklkuh ls eqfä ugha gksrh
FkhA çsepan us viuh dbZ dgkfu;ksa esa xzkeh.k thou ds blh ;FkkFkZ dks fpf=r
fd;k gSA
bl dgkuh esa xzkE; thou dk foLr`r fp=.k ugha gS] ysfdu xzkeh.k thou dh lkjh
fo'ks"krk,¡ blesa vR;ar thoar :i esa fpf=r gqbZ gSaA çsepan xzkE; okrkoj.k dh
l`f"V djus ds fy, lcls igys Hkk"kk ds Lrj ij ifjorZu djrs FksA xzkE; okrkoj.k
ls tqM+h gqbZ dgkfu;ksa esa rn~Hko vkSj ns'kt 'kCnksa dk vf/kd ç;ksx gksrk gS tSls &
dEey] Mhy] iwl] mit] vkys] /kkSal vkfnA çsepan xzkeh.k okrkoj.k dks ;FkkFkZijd
cukus ds fy, eqgkojksa dk Hkh ç;ksx djrs gSaA tSls & ckt vkuk] BaMs gks tkuk]
pkSiV gksuk vkfnA çsepan dks xzkE; thou dh lw{e igpku FkhA bl dgkuh esa
mUgksaus va/ksjh jkr esa [ksr ij gYdw vkSj tcjk ds fØ;kdykiksa dk tks fp=.k fd;k
gS] mlesa ml okrkoj.k dks çsepan us vR;ar ltho cuk fn;kA iwl dh va/ksjh jkr
esa [ksr dk –'; nsf[k,%
^îwl dh va/ksjh jkrA vkdk'k ij rkjs Hkh fBBqjrs gq, ekywe gksrs FksA gYdw vius
[ksr ds fdukjs Å[k ds iÙkksa dh ,d Nrjh ds uhps ckal ds [kVksys ij viuh iqjkuh
xk<+s dh pknj vks<s+ iM+k dk¡i jgk FkkA**
bl –'; esa vki ik;saxs fd çsepan us [ksr ds okrkoj.k ds lkjs i{kksa dks lesV fy;k
gSA iwl dh va/ksjh jkr gSA ikS"k ds eghus esa iM+us okyh BaM dks O;ä djus ds fy,
og vxyk okD; fy[krs gSa Þvkdk'k ij rkjs Hkh fBBqjrs gq, ekywe gksrs FksAÞ ;g
okD; BaM dh rY[kh dks O;ä djrk gS vkSj BaM dk dgkuh ds fodkl ls xgjk
laca/k gSA blls vxys okD; esa ml LFkku dk o.kZu gS tgk¡ mls tkM+s dh jkr
xqtkjuh gSA ysfdu ;gk¡ Hkh Þiqjkuh xk<+s dh pknjÞ dk ftØ egRoiw.kZ gS ftls
yisVs og ckal ds [kVksys ij cSBk dkai jgk gSA blh ÞpknjÞ dh txg og dacy
[kjhnuk pkgrk FkkA blhfy, Þiqjkuh xk<+s dh pknj vks<+sÞ dk¡iuk gYdw dh vkxs
dh fØ;kvksa dk vk/kkj cu tkrk gSA çsepan dsoy cká ifjos'k ds fp=.k esa gh
lQy ugha gSa oju~ ik=ksa dh euksn'kk ds fp=.k esa Hkh vR;ar dq'ky gSaA
23
fpye ihdj gYdw fQj ysVk vkSj fu'p; djds ysVk fd pkgs dqN gks vcdh lks
tkÅ¡xk] ij ,d gh {k.k esa mls ân; esa daiu gksus yxkA dHkh bl djoV ysVrk
dHkh ml djoV] ij tkM+k fdlh fi'kkp dh Hkk¡fr mldh Nkrh dks nck, gq, FkkA
BaM ds ekjs gYdw ijs'kku gSA pknj lnhZ jksdus esa vleFkZ gSA rc og fpye ihrk
gS] ysfdu fpye Hkh mldh dksbZ lgk;rk ugha djrhA mlds ckn dh mldh
eu%fLFkfr vkSj cká ifjfLFkfr ds }a} dk mi;qZä iafä;ksa esa fp=.k fd;k gSA gYdw
fpye ihdj fu'p; djrk gS fd vc og ysV tk,] ysfdu lnhZ ls og dk¡ius
yxrk gSA rc og b/kj-m/kj djoV cnyrk gS ysfdu mlls Hkh mls vkjke ugha
feyrkA ,sls esa çsepan lnhZ dh rhozrk dks O;ä djus ds fy, ,d fLFkfr dk
mnkgj.k çLrqr djrs gSa ÞtkM+k fdlh fi'kkp dh Hkk¡fr mldh Nkrh dks nck, gq,
FkkAÞ ;gk¡ fi'kkp }kjk Nkrh dks nckuk ftl fLFkfr dks O;ä djrk gS mlls BaM
dh rhozrk ikBd ds lkeus lgt gh Li"V gks tkrh gSA
çsepan us dsoy gYdw dh fØ;kvksa dk gh ugha tcjk dh fØ;kvksa dk Hkh vR;ar
ltho vkSj ;FkkFkZ fp=.k fd;k gSA
lglk tcjk us fdlh tkuoj dh vkgV ikbZA bl fo'ks"k vkReh;rk us mlesa ,d
ubZ LQwfrZ iSnk dj nh Fkh] tks gok ds BaMs >ksadksa dks rqPN le>rh FkhA og
>iVdj mBk vkSj Nijh ds ckgj vkdj Hkwadus yxkA gYdw us dbZ ckj mls
pqedkjdj cqyk;k] ij og mlds ikl u vk;kA gkj esa pkjksa rjQ nkSM+&Hkw¡drk
jgkA ,d {k.k ds fy, vk Hkh tkrk] rks rqjar gh fQj nkSM+rkA dÙkZO; mlds ân;
esa vjeku dh Hkk¡fr mNy jgk FkkA
;gk¡ flQZ dqÙks dh fØ;kvksa dk gh o.kZu ugha gS] oju~ mldh gYdw ds çfr
dÙkZO;&Hkkouk dk Hkh fp=.k fd;k x;k gS vkSj nksuksa phtsa mi;qZä va'k esa brus
vkReh; :i esa O;ä gqbZ gSa fd dqÙkk] dqÙkk ugha oju~ dgkuh dk thoar ik= cu
dj lkeus vk;k gSA
dgkuh dh jpuk Hkk"kk esa gksrh gS vkSj Hkk"kk dk dykRed mi;ksx dgkuh ds dF;
vkSj çfrik| dks laçs"; cukrk gSA blfy, dgkuh jpuk ds fy, bruk gh i;kZIr
ugha gS fd dgkuh dk dF; vkSj çfrik| mRÑ"V gks oju~ ;g Hkh t:jh gS fd og
mR—"Vrk dgkuh esa vfHkO;ä Hkh gksA ;g vfHkO;fä Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ls gh gksrh gSA
dgkuh dk dF; vyx&vyx 'kSfy;ksa dks laHko cukrk gSA bl çdkj 'kSyh vkSj
Hkk"kk dgkuh dh lajpuk ds eq[; vax gSaA
: îwl dh jkr^ çsepan dh vR;ar çkS<+ jpuk ekuh tkrh gSA ;g dgkuh
ftruh dF; vkSj çfrik| dh –f"V ls egRoiw.kZ gS] mruh gh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh dh
–f"V ls HkhA ;g dgkuh xzkE; thou ij vk/kkfjr gSA ysfdu çsepan dh vkjafHkd
dgkfu;ksa esa ftl rjg dk vkn'kZokn fn[kkbZ nsrk Fkk] og bl dgkuh esa ugha gSA
bldk çHkko dgkuh dh 'kSyh ij Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA çsepan us bl dgkuh esa vius
dF; dks ;FkkFkZijd –f"V ls çLrqr fd;k gS blfy, mudh 'kSyh Hkh ;FkkFkZoknh
gSA ;FkkFkZoknh 'kSyh dh fo'ks"krk ;g gksrh gS fd jpukdkj thou ;FkkFkZ dks mlh
24 :i esa çLrqr djrk gS ftl :i esa os gksrh gSa] ysfdu ,slk djrs gq, Hkh mldh
–f"V flQZ rF;ksa rd lhfer ugha gksrhA blds foijhr og thou dh
okLrfodrkvksa dks ;FkkFkZ :i esa blfy, çLrqr djrk gS rkfd mlds cnys tkus
dh vko';drk dks ikBd Lo;a eglwl djsA nwljs] ;FkkFkZoknh jpukdkj ;FkkFkZ ds
mn~?kkVu }kjk ikBdksa dks] leL;k dk gy ugha nsrk ij mUgsa çsfjr djrk gS fd
og Lo;a fLFkfr;ksa dks cnyus dh vko';drk eglwl djs vkSj mlds fy, mfpr
ekxZ [kkstsA bl dgkuh esa çsepan dh –f"V ;FkkFkZ ds mn~?kkVu ij fVdh gSA os u
rks gYdw dks uk;d cukrs gSa u [kyuk;dA os bl leL;k dk dksbZ gy Hkh çLrqr
ugha djrsA dgkuh dh jpuk os bl rjg djrs gSa fd ftlls dgkuh esa çLrqr dh
xbZ leL;k viuh iwjh rkfdZdrk ds lkFk mHkjsA
îwl dh jkr^ dk vxj ge fo'ys"k.k djsa rks bl ckr dks vklkuh ls le> ldrs
gSaA dgkuh dk vkjaHk ,d NksVh&lh ?kVuk ls gksrk gSA gYdw ds ;gk¡ egktu dtZ
ek¡xus vk;k gSA gYdw rhu #i, mldks ns nsrk gS tks mlus dsoy dacy [kjhnus
ds fy, tksM+s gSaA blds ckn dgkuh bl çlax ls dV tkrh gSA nwljs Hkkx ls
dgkuh esa ,d u;k çlax vkjaHk gksrk gSA iwl dk eghuk gSA va/ksjh jkr gSA vius
[ksr ds ikl cuh eaM+S;k esa og pknj yisVs cSBk gS vkSj BaM ls dk¡i jgk gSA lnhZ esa
BaM ls dk¡iuk igys çlax ls dgkuh dks tksM+ nsrk gS tc gYdw dks etcwju rhu
#i;s nsus iM+s FksA ;gk¡ igys çlax esa mBk;k x;k loky Hkh mHkjrk gS fd ,slh
[ksrh ls D;k ykHk] ftlls fdlku dh cqfu;knh t:jrsa Hkh iwjh ugha gksrh\ ;kuh
yxkrkj 'kks"k.k vkSj mlls eqfä dh laHkkouk dk vHkko varr% fdlku dks ,slh
ekufld fLFkfr esa igq¡pk ldrk gS tgk¡ dgkuh ds var esa gYdw ig¡p tkrk gSA
dgkuh ds var esa uhyxk;ksa }kjk [ksr u"V gksrs ns[kdj Hkh gYdw vxj ugha mBrk
rks bldk dkj.k dsoy BaM ugha gSA ;gk¡ gYdw esa viuh mit dks cpkus dh bPNk
gh [kRe gks pqdh gSA bl rjg leL;k dh Hk;kogrk dk fp=.k djrk gqvk
dgkuhdkj dgkuh dks lekIr dj nsrk gSA îwl dh jkr^ dh 'kSyh dh ;gh fo'ks"krk
gS vkSj blh ;FkkFkZoknh 'kSyh us mudh bl jpuk dks Js"B cuk;k gSA
Hkk"kk : çsepan dh dgkfu;ksa dh Hkk"kk cksypky dh lgt Hkk"kk ds utnhd gSA
muds ;gk¡ laL—r] vjch] Qkjlh vkfn Hkk"kkvksa ds mu 'kCnksa dk bLrseky gqvk gS
tks cksypky dh fganh ds vax cu pqds gSaA çk;% os rn~Hko 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx djrs gSaA
os dgkuh ds ifjos'k ds vuqlkj 'kCnksa dk p;u djrs gSa] tSls xzkE; thou ls
lacaf/kr dgkfu;ksa esa ns'kt 'kCnksa] eqgkojksa rFkk yksdksfä;ksa dk vf/kd ç;ksx gksrk
gSA okD; jpuk Hkh lgt gksrh gSA yacs vkSj tfVy okD; cgqr de gksrs gSaA çk;%
NksVs vkSj lqy>s gq, okD; gksrs gSa rkfd ikBdksa rd lgt :i ls laçsf"kr gks ldsaA
îwl dh jkr^ dgkuh xzkeh.k thou ls lacaf/kr gSA blfy, bl dgkuh esa ns'kt
vkSj rn~Hko 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx vf/kd gqvk gSA tSl(s dEey] iwl] mit]
tue] Å[kA
ns'kt : gkj] Mhy] vkys] /kkSal] [kVksy]s iqvky] VIis] mitk] vyko] nksgjA rn~Hko
vkSj ns'kt 'kCnksa ds ç;ksx ls dgkuh ds xzkeh.k okrkoj.k dks thoar cukus esa dkQh
enn feyrh gSA ysfdu çsepan us mnwZ vkSj laL—r ds 'kCnksa dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k gSA
mnwZ ds çk;% ,sls 'kCn tks fganh esa dkQh çpfyr gSa] gh ç;ksx fd, x, gSaA tSls]
[kq'kken] rdnhj] etk] vjeku] [kq'kcw] fxnZ] fnu] lkQ] nnZ] ekyxqtkjh vkfnA mnwZ
ds ;s 'kCn Hkh mUgha :iksa esa ç;qä gq, gSa] ftu :iksa esa os cksypky dh Hkk"kk esa
25
çpfyr gSa tSls nnZ dks njn] etnwjh dks etwjh vkfnA bl dgkuh esa laL—r ds
rRle 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx Hkh i;kZIr gqvk gS] ysfdu os Hkh T;knkrj fganh esa çpfyr gSa
vkSj dfBu ugha ekus tkrsA tSls] ân;] ifo=] vkRek] vkReh;rk] fi'kkp] nhurk]
eS=h vkfnA 'oku] vdeZ.;rk v.kq tSls vis{kk—r de çpfyr rRle 'kCn Hkh gSa]
ysfdu os dgkuh esa [kVdrs ughaA rRle 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx çk;% ,slh gh txg gqvk
gS] tgk¡ dFkkdkj us fdlh Hkkoço.k fLFkfr dk fp=.k fd;k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,
fuEufyf[kr va'k dks nsf[k,%
^^tcjk 'kk;n le> jgk Fkk fd LoxZ ;gha gS vkSj gYdw dh ifo= vkRek esa rks ml
dqÙks ds çfr ?k`.kk dh xa/k rd u FkhA vius fdlh vfHkUu fe= ;k HkkbZ dks Hkh og
bruh gh rRijrk ls xys yxkrkA og viuh nhurk ls vkgr u Fkk ftlus vkt
mls bl n'kk esa ig¡qpk fn;kA ugha] bl vuks[kh&eS=h us tSls mldh vkRek ds lc
}kj [kksy fn, Fks vkSj mldk ,d&,d v.kq çdk'k ls ped jgk FkkAÞ
mi;qZä okD;ksa esa vki ns[ksaxs fd ,d HkkokRed fLFkfr dk fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA bu
rRle 'kCnksa esa tks dkseyrk gS og bl vkReh; iw.kZ fLFkfr dks thoar cukus esa
lgk;d gSA ysfdu çsepan us ;g /;ku j[kk gS fd mUgha rRle 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx
djsa tks fganh Hkk"kk dh LokHkkfodrk ds vuqdwy gksA çsepan dh jpukvksa esa 'kCnksa dk
ç;ksx vR;ar lrdZrk ds lkFk gksrk gSA dksbZ Hkh 'kCn Qkyrw ugha gksrk rFkk muesa
vFkZ dh vf/kdre laHkkouk,¡ O;ä gksrh gSaA tSls fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks nsf[k,%
etwjh ge djsa] etk nwljs ywVsaA
mi;qZä okD; esa ÞetwjhÞ vkSj Þet+kÞ 'kCn 'kks"k.k dh iwjh çfØ;k dks O;ä djus esa
leFkZ gSaA fo'ks"k ckr ;g gS fd bl rjg ds xgjs vFkZ okys okD;ksa esa Hkh ,slh
lgtrk gksrh gS fd mls dksbZ Hkh vklkuh ls le> ldsA çsepan dh Hkk"kk tfVy
Hkkouk] fopkjksa ;k fLFkfr;ksa dks O;ä djus esa iwjh rjg leFkZ gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks ns[ksa%
gYdw ds ml okD; esa tks dBksj lR; Fkk] og ekuks ,d Hkh"k.k tarq dh Hkkafr mls
?kwj jgk FkkA
dHkh bl djoV ysVrk] dHkh ml djoV ij] tkM+k fdlh fi'kkp dh Hkkafr mldh
Nkrh dks nck, gq, FkkA
dÙkZO; mlds ân; esa vjeku dh Hkk¡fr mNy jgk FkkA
Åij ds rhu m)j.kksa esa eksVs v{kjksa okys okD;ksa ls iwoZ ds okD;ka'kksa esa O;ä fd,
x, Hkkoksa dh rhozrk ;k vFkZoÙkk vf/kd Li"V :i ls vkSj çHkko'kkyh <ax ls
mtkxj gqbZ gSA blls Hkk"kk esa thoarrk Hkh vkrh gSA
laokn : çsepan dh dgkfu;ksa esa laokn dh Hkk"kk muds dF; dh rjg ;FkkFkZ ijd
gksrh gSA laoknksa dh Hkk"kk dk fu/kkZj.k ik=ksa ds ifjos'k vkSj mudh eu%fLFkfr ls r;
gksrk gSA bl dgkuh esa vf/kdka'k laokn gYdw ds gSa] dqN mldh iRuh eqUuh ds
gYdw ds laoknksa esa Hkh LodFku okys laokn ;k ,sls laokn tks tcjk ¼dqÙks½ dks
lacksf/kr gSa] vf/kd gSaA gYdw vkSj eqUuh xjhc fdlku gSaA blhfy, mudh Hkk"kk Hkh
mlh ifjos'k ds vuqdwy xzkE;rk fy, gq, gSaA
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gYdw vkSj eqUuh dh ckrphr dk va'k nsf[k, % gYdw us vkdj L=h ls dgk & lguk
vk;k gSA ykvks] tks #i;s j[ks gSa] mls ns nw¡] fdlh rjg xyk rks NwVsA eqUuh >kM+w
yxk jgh FkhA ihNs fQj dj cksyh& rhu gh rks #i, gSa] ns nksxs rks dEey dgk¡ ls
vkosxkA ek?k&iwl dh jkr gkj esa dSls dVsxh mlls dg nks] Qly ij ns nsaxs vHkh
ughaA ;s dgkuh ds vkjafHkd laokn gSaA buesa vki ik;saxs fd nksuksa O;fä;ksa dh Hkk"kk
cgqr gh ljy gS buesa ,d Hkh dFku tfVy ugha gSA dEey] iwl] gkj tSls 'kCn
muds xzkE; i`"BHkwfe dks O;ä djrs gSaA xyk rks NwV]s eqgkojk okD; dks vkSj vf/kd
LokHkkfod cukrk gS] lkFk gh dgus okys dh ekufld fLFkfr dk ladsr Hkh djrk
gSA okD; cgqr NksVs&NksVs gSa] muesa Hkh NksV-s NksVs miokD;ksa dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
Þykvks] tks #i;s j[ks gSa] mls ns nw¡] fdlh rjg xyk rks NwVsß bl okD; esa dgha
my>ko ugha gSA NksVs&NksVs miokD;ksa ds dkj.k iwjh ckr lgt gh Li"V gks tkrh
gSA çsepan us ik=ksa dh eu%fLFkfr dk fo'ks"k :i ls /;ku j[kk gSA gkj ij gYdw ds
laoknksa esa mnkjrk] ljyrk] le>nkjh] prqjkbZ lHkh >ydrh gS vkSj Hkkoukvksa ds
lw{e varj ds vuqdwy Hkk"kk esa Hkh varj vkrk x;k gSA
bl rjg 'kSyh] Hkk"kk vkSj laokn rhuksa –f"V;ksa ls çsepan dh ;g dgkuh mR—"V gSA
cks/k ç'u
11½ îwl dh jkr^ dgkuh esa ls ,sls Ng 'kCn pqfu, ftuls xzkE; okrkoj.k cukus esa
enn feyh gksA
d½ --------------------------- [k½ --------------------------- x½ ---------------------------
?k½ --------------------------- M-½ --------------------------- p½ ---------------------------
12½ dgkuh esa eqUuh ds xqLls dks O;ä djus okyk laokn fyf[k,A laokn ds fy,
dgkuh ns[k ldrs gSaA
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13½ Þcxhps esa [kwc va/ksjk Nk;k gqvk Fkk vkSj va/kdkj esa funZ; iou ifÙk;ksa dks
dqpyrk gqvk pyk tkrk FkkA o`{kksa ls vksl dh cw¡ns ViVi uhps Vid jgh
FkhaA^^ mi;qZä okD;ksa esa rhu&rhu rRle vkSj rn~Hko 'kCn pqudj fyf[k,%
rRle 'kCn %------------------- ---------------- ----------------
rn~Hko 'kCn % ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
vH;kl
3½ uhps fn, x, m)j.k dh rhu Hkk"kkxr fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
ÞFkksM+h nsj esa vyko ty mBkA mldh ykS Åij okys o`{k dh ifÙk;ksa dks
Nw&Nwdj Hkkxus yxhA ml vfLFkj çdk'k esa cxhps ds fo'kky o`{k ,sls ekywe
27
gksrs Fks] ekuks ml vFkkg va/kdkj dks vius fljksa ij laHkkys gq, gksA va/kdkj ds
ml vkuan lkxj ls ;g çdk'k ,d ukSdk ds leku fgyrk] epyrk gqvk tku
iM+rk FkkAÞ
d½ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[k½ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4½ îwl dh jkr^ dgkuh dks ;FkkFkokZnh 'kSyh dh dgkuh dgk x;k gSA bl 'kSyh
dh –f"V ls bl dgkuh dh rhu fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
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jpuk ys[kd fdlh mn~ns'; ls çsfjr gksdj gh djrk gSA ftl mn~ns'; ls çsfjr
gksdj jpukdkj jpuk djrk gS] dgkuh dk ogh çfrik| dgykrk gSA îwl dh jkr^
dgkuh dks vkius /;kuiwoZd i<+k gksxkA vkius vc rd dgkuh dk tks fo'ys"k.k
i<+k gS] mlls ;g Hkh Li"V gks x;k gksxk fd çsepan dgkuh ds ek/;e ls D;k
dguk pkgrs gSaA ge mUgha ckrksa dks iqu% ;gk¡ çLrqr djsaxsA ;g dgkuh pkSFks n'kd
ds nkSjku fy[kh xbZ gSA ml le; Hkkjr ijk/khu Fkk vkSj ;gk¡ dh turk Lora=rk
çkfIr ds fy, la?k"kZ dj jgh FkhA bl la?k"kZ esa fdlku vkSj etnwj turk Hkh
'kkfey FkhA fdlku flQZ ns'k dh Lora=rk ds fy, gh la?k"kZ ugha dj jgs Fks oju~
vius vf/kdkjksa ds fy, Hkh la?k"kZ dj jgs FksA
ml tekus esa tehankjh çFkk FkhA fdlkuksa dks viuh mit dk cM+k Hkkx yxku vkSj
ekyxqtkjh esa pqdkuk iM+rk FkkA bl dkj.k mUgsa viuk thou;kiu djus ds fy,
egktuksa vkSj tehankjksa ls _.k ysuk iM+rk FkkA pw¡afd vf/kdka'k fdlku turk
vf'kf{kr Fkh] blfy, tehankj vkSj egktu dtZ ij euekuk C;kt olwyrs FksA ,d
ckj tc dksbZ fdlku dtZ ds pDdj esa Q¡l tkrk Fkk rks fQj og vklkuh ls NwV
28
ugha ikrk FkkA gYdw dh Hkh ;gh fLFkfr gSA çsepan us dgkuh esa fdlkuksa dh bl
voLFkk dk fp=.k ugha fd;k gS] cfYd ;g ;FkkFkZ rks dgkuh dh i`"BHkwfe esa ekStwn
jgrk gSA ysfdu vlyh loky blds ckn iSnk gksrk gSA 'kks"k.k pØ esa Q¡lk gqvk
fdlku D;k djs\ dgkuh dk fo"k; ;gh gSA gYdw Hkh 'kks"k.k ds mlh pØ esa Q¡lk
gqvk gSA ;gk¡ rd dh viuk vkSj vius ifjokj dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k djus ds fy, gYdw
dks etnwjh Hkh djuh iM+rh gSA ysfdu etnwjh ls feys iSls esa ls vxj ?kj-ifjokj
dh t:jr ds fy, dqN iSls Hkh cpkrk gS ¼flQZ rhu #i,½ rks og Hkh egktu ys
ysrk gSA ,sls esa fdlku D;k djsA vkf[kj og fdlkuh ls D;ksa fpidk jgs\
O;fä mTToy Hkfo"; dh vk'kk esa gh d"V lgrk gSA mls Hkjkslk jgrk gS fd vkt
ugha rks dy og t:j bu nq[kksa ls eqä gksxkA gYdw ds thou esa og vk'kk ugha
jgh gSA og lksprk gS fd ,slk D;ksa gS fd esgur djus okys Hkw[ks ejrs gSa vkSj
mudh esgur dks Nhuus okys ekSt djrs gSa\ mlds ikl bldk cuk&cuk;k tokc
Hkh gS & ;g lc HkkX; dk [ksy gSA ftl fLFkfr esa og th jgk gS] mlesa og blls
vf/kd nwj rd lksp Hkh ugha ldrkA ysfdu HkkX; dk [ksy ekuus ls 'kks"k.k ls
eqfä ugha fey ldrh gSA gk¡] ;g vo'; gS fd O;fä udkjkRed fn'kk esa lkspuk
'kq: dj ns] tSlk fd gYdw lksprk gS vkSj tks eqUuh dh ckrksa esa O;ä gqvk gSA
gYdw dk fdlkuh ij ls fo'okl mB tkrk gSA og viuh gh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus vius
[ksr dh mit dks uhyxk;ksa ds }kjk u"V gksrs gq, ns[krk gS vkSj pknj vks<+s ysVk
jgrk gSA mls [ksr ds u"V gks tkus dk nq%[k ugha cfYd bl ckr dh çlUurk gS
fd vc mls BaMh jkrksa esa [ksr ij lksuk ugha iM+sxkA ;g 'kks"k.k ls mRihfM+r fdlku
dh og ekufldrk gS] tgk¡ mlesa mTToy Hkfo"; dh vk'kk fcYdqy lekIr gks x;h
gSA HkkX;okn us mls vkSj vf/kd fuf"Ø; cuk fn;k gSA ,sls esa ;g dgkuh ,d
psrkouh dh rjg gekjs lkeus vkrh gS fd D;k 'kks"k.k dk pØ ;w¡ gh pyrk jgsxk\
D;k gYdw tSls fdlku viuh mit dh dekbZ Lo;a ugha Hkksx ldsxk os ,sls gh
nfjæ vkSj vf'kf{kr cus jgsaxs vkSj 'kks"k.k rFkk HkkX;okn ds uhps filrs jgsax\s
çsepan budk dksbZ mÙkj ugha nsrsA laHkor% mÙkj dh vko';drk Hkh ugha gSA D;ksafd
bu ç'uksa dh xaHkhjrk esa gh budk mÙkj fufgr gSA gk¡] ;gk¡ ,d fodYi dh vksj
ladsr vo'; gqvk gSA og gS] fdlku ls etnwj cuus dk fodYiA ;g fodYi Hkh
foo'krk ds dkj.k lkeus vkrk gS] tksfd çsepan dk vkn'kZ u gksdj lkekftd
;FkkFkZ dk gh ,d <ax gSA iw.kZ :i ls etnwj cudj Hkh gYdw 'kks"k.k mRihM+u ls
eqä gks tk,xk] ,slh xyrQgeh çsepan dks ugha gSA
çsepan us xzkeh.k thou ij dbZ miU;klksa vkSj dgkfu;ksa dh jpuk dh gSA çsepan
dks fdlku thou dk egku fprsjk dgk tkrk gSA mUgksaus fdlkuksa ds thou ds
çR;sd i{k dks viuh jpukvksa dk fo"k; cuk;k gSA bu jpukvksa esa mudh lgkuqHkwfr
xjhc vkSj esgurd'k fdlkuksa ds lkFk gSA fdarq os fdlkuksa ds thou esa O;kid
udkjkRed i{kksa dks Hkh mtkxj djrs gSaA vkjaHk esa çsepan viuh jpukvksa esa
dksbZ&u&dkbZ vkn'kZoknh gy is'k djrs Fks] ysfdu ckn esa mudk bl rjg ds
vkn'kZokn ij ls fo'okl mB x;k FkkA vkn'kZokn dk LFkku ;FkkFkZokn us ys fy;kA
os ekuus yxs Fks fd fdlh leL;k dk dksbZ —f=e gy is'k djus ds ctk; mls
iwjh rhozrk vkSj bZekunkjh ls çLrqr djuk gh jpukdkj ds fy, i;kZIr gSA ;g
dgkuh blh –f"V dk çfrfuf/kRo djrh gSA
29
'kh"kZd dh mi;qärk % dgkuh dk 'kh"kZd dgkuh ds ewy çfrik| dks] dF; dks]
pfj= dks O;ä djus okyk gksrk gSA bl dgkuh ds dF; dk eq[; Hkkx ikS"k dh
,d jkf= esa ?kfVr gksrk gSA dgkuh dk vkjaHk ml dacy dh ppkZ ls gksrk gS] ftls
[kjhnus ds fy, gYdw us cM+h eqf'dy ls rhu #i;s cpk;s gSa fdarq os #i;s Hkh mls
egktu dks nsus iM+rs gSaA dacy u [kjhn ikus ds dkj.k iwl dh jkr esa iqjkuh
pknj vks<s+ mls [ksr ij tkuk iM+rk gSA 'ks"k dgkuh [ksr ij mlh jkr esa ?kfVr
gksrh gSA
iwl dh ;g jkr BaMh gSA ;g jkr çrhdkRed Hkh gSA fdlku ds thou ds va/ksjs dh
rjg ;g Hkh va/ksjh jkr gSA vk'kk dk vyko dc dk cq> pqdk gS ysfdu lfØ;rk
dh vk¡p Hkh ugha cph gSA ifj.kker% [ksr ¼thou½ dh Qly uhyxk;sa ¼'kks"kd½ [kk
tkrh gSa ysfdu og HkkX; ds pØ esa c¡/kk gqvk cSBk jgrk gSA iwl dh jkr fujk'kk
vkSj va/kdkj dh ,slh gh jkr gS] ftls ;g 'kh"kZd iwjh rjg O;ä djrk gSA
cks/k ç'u
14½ îwl dh jkr^ dgkuh dh eq[; leL;k gSA ¼viuk mÙkj dks"Bd esa lgh
mila[;k fy[kdj nsa½
d½ Qly dh j{kk dh leL;k
[k½ lnhZ ls cpko dh leL;k
x½ fdlkuksa ds 'kks"k.k dh leL;k
?k½ dacy [kjhnus dh leL;k ¼ ½
15½ uhps dqN okD; fn;s x;s gSa] buesa ls dqN esa dgh x;h ckrsa lgh gSa] dqN
xyrA lgh vkSj x+yr okD;ksa dks igpkfu,A
d½ vaxzsth jkt esa tehankjh çFkk FkhA ¼lgh@xyr½
[k½ fdlkuksa dks yxku vkSj ekyxqtkjh ugha nsuh iM+rh FkhA ¼lgh@xyr½
x½ gYdw HkkX;oknh FkkA ¼lgh@xyr½
?k½ îwl dh jkr^ vkn'kZoknh dgkuh gSA ¼lgh@xyr½
vH;kl
5½ ^rdnhj dh [kwch gSÂ gYdw ds bl dFku dk dgkuh ds mn~n's ; ls D;k laca/k
gS] pkj iafä;ksa esa Li"V dhft,A
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30
6½ îwl dh jkr^ dks ;FkkFkZoknh D;ksa dgk x;k gS\ pkj iafä;ksa esa crkb,A
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vkius îwl dh jkr^ dgkuh dks /;kuiwoZd i<+k gksxk vkSj mlds fo'ys"k.k dk Hkh
xaHkhjrk ls v/;;u fd;k gksxkA
• îwl dh jkr^ dgkuh dh dFkkoLrq fdlku thou ls lacaf/kr gSA gYdw xjhc
fdlku gS tks dtZ ls nck gqvk gSA yxkrkj 'kks"k.k ls mldk fdlkuh ls
fo'okl mB tkrk gSA vki dFkkoLrq ds vk/kkj ij dgkuh dk fo'ys"k.k dj
ldrs gSaA
• gYdw dgkuh dk uk;d gSA og xjhc ijarq le>nkj fdlku gSA vki bl
pfj= dh fo'ks"krkvksa dh O;k[;k dj ldrs gSaA
• Lora=rk çkfIr ls iwoZ fdlkuksa dh D;k n'kk Fkh] bl dgkuh ds fo'ys"k.k ls
vki le> ldrs gSaA vc vki Lo;a îfjos'k^ dk fo'ys"k.k dj ldrs gSaA
• îwl dh jkr^ dh 'kSyh ;FkkFkZoknh] Hkk"kk cksypky dh ,o laokn LokHkkfod gSA
vc vki bl dgkuh ds lajpuk f'kYi dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crk ldrs gSa vkSj
• îwl dh jkr^ ;FkkFkZoknh dgkuh gSA bl dgkuh ds çfrik| dk bl vk/kkj ij
fo'ys"k.k Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
f}osnh] gtkjh çlkn % lkfgR; lgpj] yksdHkkjrh çdk'ku] bykgkcknA

'kekZ] jke foykl % çsepan vkSj mudk ;qx] jktdey çdk'ku] fnYyhA
1½ d
2½ ?k
3½ [k
4½ x
31
5½ ?k
6½ x
7½ x
8½ [k
9½ eqUuh dgrh gS fd dM+h esgur ds ckn Hkh lkjh mit dtZ pqdkus esa pyh
tkrh gSA isV Hkjus ds fy, etnwjh djuh iM+rh gS] rc [ksrh ls fpids jgus
dk D;k ykHkA
10½ d½ gYdw bl ckr ls çlUu gS fd mls BaM esa [ksr ij ugha jguk iM+sxkA
[k½ vc mldh mit egktuksa ds ;gk¡ ugha tk,xh
11½ d½ iwl [k½ gkj x½ Å[k ?k½ iqvky
M-½ vyko p½ eaM+S;k N½ Mk¡M+ t½ ekyxqtkjh
12½ ^^dj pqds nwljk mik;A tjk lquw¡ rks dkSu mik; djksx\s dksbZ [kSjkr ns nsxk
dEey\ u tkus fdruh ckdh gS] tks fdlh rjg pqdus gh ugha vkrhA eSa
dgrh gw¡ rqe D;ksa ugha [ksrh NksM+ nsr\s ej&ej dke djks mit gks rks ckdh ns
nks] pyks NqV~Vh gqbZA ckdh pqdkus ds fy, gh rks gekjk tue gqvk gSA isV ds
fy, etwjh djksA ,slh [ksrh ls ckt vk;sA eSa #i;s u nw¡xh&u&nw¡xhÞ
13½ rRle 'kCn rn~Hko 'kCn
va/kdkj va/ksjk
o`{k cxhps
iou ifÙk;ksa
funZ;
14½ x
15½ d½ lgh
[k½ xyr
x½ lgh
?k½ xyr
vH;kl
1½ lanHkZ % mi;qZä m)j.k çsepan dh ç[;kr dgkuh îwl dh jkr* ls fy;k x;k
gSA bl dgkuh ds uk;d gYdw dh iRuh eqUuh dk ;g dFku gSA gYdw ds ;gk¡
egktu #i;s ek¡xus vk;k gSA bl ij eqUuh gYdw ls miq;Zä ckr dgrh gSA
O;k[;k % eqUuh fpark O;ä djrs gq, dgrh gS fd ekywe ugha fdruk dtZ gS
fd pqdus dk uke gh ugha ysrkA vxj lkjh mit dtZ pqdkus esa gh tkuh gS
32
rks blls csgrj gS fd ge [ksrh gh NksM+ nsaA ,slh [ksrh ls fpids jgus dk D;k
ykHk\ dM+h esgur ds ckn rks Qly rS;kj gksrh gSA fdlku dk ykHk rks
mldh mit gh gS] ysfdu ogh mit dtZ pqdkus esa pyh tk, rks fQj bruh
esgur djus dk D;k ykHk\ yxrk gS tSls fdlku dk tUe rks dtZ pqdkus ds
fy, gh gqvk gSA D;ksafd ,d ckj dtZ ysus ds ckn og dHkh ml dtZ ls NwV
ugha ikrk vkSj mldh mit egktuksa vkSj tehnkjksa ds ;gk¡ igq¡prh jgrh gS
vkSj Lo;a fdlku dks viuk vkSj vius ifjokj dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k djus ds fy,
etnwjh dk lgkjk ysuk iM+rk gSA O;fä fdlkuh ;k dksbZ Hkh dke blhfy, rks
djrk gS rkfd og vius ?kj&ifjokj dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k dj lds] ysfdu mldk
og dke flQZ nwljksa dks ykHk igq¡pk,] mldh esgur dk FkksM+k&lk va'k Hkh
Lo;a mlds fy, u cp ik;s rks fQj ml dke dks djrs jgus ;k mlls fpids
jgus dk D;k ykHk\ blhfy, eqUuh dk dguk gS fd ,slh [ksrh tks flQZ dtZ
pqdkus esa pyh tk,] mlls rks nwj jguk gh vPNk %
fo'ks"k%
1½ eqUuh }kjk O;ä fd;s x;s fopkj bl dgkuh dk oSpkfjd vk/kkj gSA gYdw [ksr
ds u"V gksus ij Hkh D;ksa cSBk jgrk gS] bldk mÙkj gesa mi;qZä dFku esa fey
tkrk gSA
2½ ;g laokn gS vkSj bldh Hkk"kk esa ,d xjhc] xzkeh.k fdlku efgyk dh Hkk"kk
dh LokHkkfodrk fufgr gSA NksVs okD;] rn~Hko 'kCn] cksypky dh Hkk"kk bldh
fo'ks"krk gSA
3½ d½ ;gk¡ gYdw ds vkRelEeku dh Hkkouk O;ä gqbZ gSA gYdw tkurk gS fd iSls
ls og cp ugha ldrkA vxj og iSls ugha nsxk rks mls lguk dh
xkfy;k¡ lquuh iM+sxh] Mk¡V [kkuh iM+sxhA mls bl vieku ls cpus dk
,d gh jkLrk fn[kkbZ nsrk gS fd og vius ikl cpk, x, iSls mls ns nsA
[k½ ;gk¡ gYdw dh le>nkjh O;ä gqbZ gSA og xjhc fdlku gS] ysfdu vuqHkoksa
us bls bruk le>k fn;k gS fd og fdl rjg ds lekt esa th jgk gSA
x½ ;gk¡ gYdw dh vkReh;rk O;ä gqbZ gSA tcjk ds lkFk Hkh og ogh O;ogkj
dj jgk gS] tks vius fdlh fe= ;k fj'rsnkj ds lkFk djrkA
?k½ ;gk¡ gYdw dk cgkusckth dk dkS'ky O;ä gqvk gSA gYdw ;g tkurs gq,
Hkh fd uhyxk;sa [ksr u"V dj jgh gSa] og cSBk jgrk gS] ysfdu vc iRuh
ds lkeus bl ckr dks Lohdkjuk Hkh ugha pkgrk] blfy, og isV nnZ dk
>wBk cgkuk cukrk gSA
3½ d½ iwjs –'; dks 'kCnksa esa thoar dj fn;k x;k gSA
[k½ vafre iafä;ksa esa Hkk"kk dkO;kRedrk fy, gq, gSA
x½ rRle 'kCnksa dk vf/kd ç;ksx gS ijarq Hkk"kk dh lgtrk cuh gqbZ gSA
4½ d½ xjhc fdlku ds thou dh lPpkbZ dks mlh :i esa O;ä fd;k x;k gSA
[k½ dgkuh dk var fdlh vkn'kZ dh LFkkiuk esa ugha fd;k x;k gSA 33
x½ pfj= Hkh vlkekU; vkSj fof'k"V ugha gSA
5½ ^rdnhj dh [kwch gSA^ ;g dFku gYdw dh ekufldrk dks O;ä djrk gSA
çsepan blds ek/;e ls fdlkuksa dh HkkX;okfnrk dh ço`fÙk dks js[kkafdr djrs
gSaA fdlku lksprk gS fd mlds thou ds nq%[k mlds HkkX; ds dkj.k gSA tks
fcuk ifjJe ds lq[k&pSu dh ftanxh clj dj jgs gSa] mudk HkkX; vPNk gSA
6½ îwl dh jkr^ dgkuh dks ;FkkFkZoknh blfy, dgk x;k gS D;ksafd bl dgkuh esa
çsepan us fdlku ds thou dh okLrfodrk dks oSlk gh çLrqr fd;k gS] tSlh
og ml tekus esa FkhA çsepan us leL;k dk vkn'kZoknh lek/kku Hkh ugha fn;k
gS] oju~ lek/kku ikBdksa ds foosd ij NksM+ fn;k gSA
34
2-0 mn~ns';
2-1 çLrkouk
2-2 fuca/k dk okpu
2-3 fuca/k dk lkj
2-4 lanHkZ lfgr O;k[;k
2-5 fuca/k dk dF; ;k mldh varoZLrq
2-6 pfj=&fo/kku
2-7 ys[kd ds O;fäRo dh vfHkO;fä
2-8 lajpuk f'kYi
2-8-1 'kSyh
2-8-2 Hkk"kk
2-9 fuca/k dk 'kh"kZd
2-10 çfrik|
2-11 lkjka'k
2-13 cks/k ç'uks@
a vH;klksa ds mÙkj
[kaM dh igyh bdkbZ esa vkius çsepan dh îwl dh jkr* dgkuh dk v/;;u fd;kA
bl bdkbZ esa vki gfj'kadj ijlkbZ ds O;aX; fuca/k ôS".ko dh fQlyu^ dk v/;;u
djus tk jgs gSAa bl bdkbZ dks i<+us ds ckn vki%
• ijlkbZ th ds thou vkSj ,d O;aX;dkj ds :i esa muds egRo ds fo"k; esa
tkudkjh çkIr dj ldsax(s
• fuca/k ds lkj dks fy[k vkSj mlds egRoiw.kZ va'kksa dh O;k[;k dj ldsaxs(
• fuca/k dk dF; ;k mldh varoZLrq dh iwjh tkudkjh çkIr dj ldsaxs(
• fuca/k esa pfj=&fo/kku dh ckjhfd;ksa dks le> ldsaxs(
• fuca/k esa ys[kd ds O;fäRo dh vfHkO;fä ls ifjfpr gks ldsaxs(
• O;aX;kRed fuca/k ds lajpuk&f'kYi dh ckjhfd;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k dj ldsaxs vkSj
• fuca/k ds 'kh"kZd vkSj çfrik| dh iwjh tkudkjh çkIr dj ldsaxsA
35
;gk¡ vki fganh ds tkus&ekus O;aX;dkj gfj'kadj ijlkbZ dh jpuk dk v/;;u djus
tk jgs gSaA vr% muds thou vkSj lkfgfR;d egRo dk laf{kIr ifjp; çkIr dj
ysuk vkids fy, mi;ksxh gksxkA ijlkbZ th dk tUe 22 vxLr] 1924 dks
e/;çns'k ds gks'kaxkckn tuin ds tekuh uked xk¡o esa ,d vR;ar lk/kkj.k
ifjokj esa gqvk FkkA eSfVªd ijh{kk ls iwoZ gh ek¡ dk vle; fu/ku vkSj ydM+h ds
dks;ys ds Bsdsnkj firk dh vlk/; chekjh ds dkj.k mUgsa xaHkhj vkfFkZd ladV dk
lkeuk djuk iM+kA ikfjokfjd ftEesnkfj;ksa dks fuHkkrs gq, Hkh ijlkbZ th us ukxiqj
fo'ofo|ky; ls fganh ,e-,- vkSj f'k{k.k esa fMIyksek fd;kA taxy foHkkx esa ukSdjh
ls ysdj mUgksaus fofHkUu fo|ky;ksa esa v/;kiu djrs & bLrhQk nsrs gq, 1957 ls
ges'kk ds fy, ukSdjh ls laca/k rksM+ fy;kA ifjokj cgu] Hkkats vkSj Hkkath rd gh
lhfer jgkA vHkkoxzLrrk ds dkj.k os thouHkj vfookfgr jgsA 10 vxLr] 1995 esa
71 o"kZ dh vk;q esa yEch chekjh ds dkj.k mudh e`R;q gks x;hA
1957 ls thou i;ZUr ijlkbZ th Lora= ys[ku ds Hkjksls gh jgsA vius vHkkoxzLr
thou ds dVq&frä vuqHkoksa vkSj okeiaFkh #>ku ds dkj.k Hkkjrh; lkekftd
fo"kerk dh mudh le> vR;ar xgjh jgh gSA Hkkjrh; lekt ds mTToy Hkfo";
dh dkeuk ls çsfjr gksdj mUgksaus vius lkfgR; esa lewph Hkz"V Hkkjrh; O;oLFkk ij
rh[kk çgkj fd;k gSA vius thoukn'kks± ds ewY; ij mUgksaus dgha Hkh fdlh Hkh rjg
dk le>kSrk ugha fd;kA
;gk¡ bl ckr dk /;ku j[kuk vkids fy, t:jh gS fd gfj'kadj ijlkbZ cgqr dqN
fy[kus ds ckotwn fuca/kdkj] dFkk&dgkuhdkj vkSj vkykspd ds :i esa vf/kd
çfl) ugha gSaA os ,d O;aX;dkj ds :i esa gh tkus tkrs gSaA dgkuh] fuca/k]
vkykspuk vkfn esa mudk O;aX;dkj :i gh vf/kd gkoh jgrk gSA oSls O;aX; dks
lkfgR; dh ,d Loar= fo/kk ds :i esa Lohdkj ugha fd;k tkrkA dfork] dgkuh]
fuca/k] miU;kl vkfn fo/kkvksa esa bls f'kYixr ,d ek/;e ds :i esa gh Loh—fr
feyh gSA
dchj] Hkkjrsanq] fujkyk vkSj ukxktqZu dh O;aX;&ijaijk dks gfj'kadj ijlkbZ us
lEiw.kZ foLrkj ds lkFk u;h Å¡apkb;k¡ çnku dh gSAa vkl&ikl ds nwf"kr vkSj
fo"kerkxzLr Hkz"V lkekftd okrkoj.k ls f[kUu vkSj vlarq"V lkfgR;dkj O;aX; ds
ç;ksx ds fy, foo'k gks tkrk gSA dchj ls ysdj ijlkbZ rd ds O;aX; esa bl
foo'krk dks leku :i ls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA bu lHkh O;aX;dkjksa dk mn~ns';
lekt ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa dh fo—fr;ksa dk inkZQk'k ek= u gksdj ikBd dh ifjorZu
dkeh psruk dks tkx`r dj] mls lkekftd ifjorZu ds fy, dfVc) djuk Hkh jgk
gSA
gfj'kadj ijlkbZ ds O;aX; dk {ks= vR;ar O;kid gSA orZeku jktuhfr] lektuhfr]
vFkZuhfr] /keZ vkSj mlds <ksax Hkjs deZdkaM] ç'kklfud Hkz"Vkpkj vkfn lHkh {ks=ksa dks
mUgksaus vius O;aX; ck.kksa dh tn ¼lhek½ esa j[kk gSA ^g¡lrs gSa] jksrs gSa] ^rc dh ckr
vkSj Fkh^] ^f'kdk;r eq>s Hkh gS^] ^lnkpkj dk rkcht^] ^viuh&viuh chekjh^]
îxMafM;ksa dk tekuk^] ^fBBqjrk gqvk x.kra=^] ^fuBYys dh Mk;jh^] ^frjNh js[kk,¡^]
36
îk[kaM dk v/;kRe^] ^lquks HkkbZ lk/kks^] vkfn mudh lHkh jpuk,¡ îjlkbZ jpukoyh^
ds Ng [kaMksa esa çdkf'kr gSaA ;s lHkh O;aX; cgqy jpuk,¡ gSaA
fganh gh ugha] Hkkjr dh cgqr lkjh Hkk"kkvksa esa O;aX;dkj gq, gSa] ysfdu O;aX; dks
ftl xgjh ekuoh; vkSj lkekftd çfrc)rk ds lkFk] euq"; vkSj lekt ds fgr esa
ijlkbZ us ç;qä fd;k gS] og fojy gh gSA ijlkbZ esa O;aX; ds lHkh rsoj fn[kkbZ
nsrs gSaA vius O;aX; ck.kksa ls dHkh os çfri{kh dh /kfTt;k¡ mM+krs gSa rks dHkh fpdksVh
dkV dj jg tkrs gSa] dHkh jl ysrs gq, mlds >wB vkSj <ksax dks mtkxj djrs gSa]
rks dHkh mudk e[kkSy mM+krs gSa] dHkh ehBh Nqjh ls jsrrs gSa] rks dHkh mls ljsvke
uaxk dj nsrs gSaA bu lcds ihNs lk/kkj.k tu dk nq[k&nnZ vkSj mldh ;kruk gh
gksrh gSA ôS".ko dh fQlyu* 'kh"kZd fuca/k esa vki ns[ksaxs fd os fdl çdkj jl
ysrs gq, rFkkdfFkr oS".ko ds <ksax vkSj Nn~e dks mn~?kkfVr djrs gSaA fuca/k dk ewy
ikB vkids okpu ds fy, vkxs fn;k tk jgk gSA
oS".ko djksM+ifr gSA Hkxoku fo".kq dk eafnjA tk;nkn yxh gSA Hkxoku lwn[kksjh
djrs gSaA C;kt ls dtZ nsrs gSaA oS".ko nks ?kaVs Hkxoku fo".kq dh iwtk djrs gSa] fQj
xknh&rfd;sokyh cSBd esa vkdj /keZ dks /ka/ks ls tksM+rs gSaA /keZ /ka/ks ls tqM+ tk;]
blh dks ^;ksx* dgrs gSaA dtZ ysus okys vkrs gSaA fo".kq Hkxoku ds os equhe gks tkrs
gSaA dtZ ysus okys ls nLrkost fy[kokrs gSa &
^nLrkost fy[k nh jkeyky oYn ';keyky us Hkxoku fo".kq oYn ukekywe dks ,slk
tks fd&^
oS".ko cgqr fnuksa ls fo".kq ds firk ds uke dh ryk'k esa gS] ij og fey ugha jgkA
fey tk; rks ofYn;r Bhd gks tk;A
oS".ko ds uEcj nks dk cgqr iSlk gks x;k gSA dbZ ,tsafl;k¡ ys j[kh gSaA LVkfdLV
gSaA tc pkgs eky nckdj ^CySd^ djus yxrs gSaA exj nks ?kaVs fo".kq&iwtk esa dHkh
ukxk ugha djrsA lc çHkq dh —ik ls gks jgk gSA muds çHkq Hkh 'kk;n nks uacjh gSaA
,d uEcjh gksrs rks ,slk ugha djus nsrsA
oS".ko lksprk gS & vikj uEcj nks dk iSlk bdëk gks x;k gSA bldk D;k fd;k
tk;\ c<+rk gh tkrk gSA çHkq dh yhyk gSA ogh vkns'k nsaxs fd D;k fd;k tk;A
oS".ko ,d fnu çHkq dh iwtk ds ckn gkFk tksM+dj çkFkZuk djus yxk] ^çHkq] vkids
gh vk'khokZn ls esjs ikl bruk lkjk nks uEcj dk /ku bdëk gks x;k gSA vc eSa
bldk D;k d:¡\a vki gh jkLrk crkb,A eSa bldk D;k d:¡\ çHkq d"V gjks
lcdk!^
rHkh oS".ko dh 'kq) vkRek ls vkokt mBh] ^v/ke] ek;k tksM+h gS] rks ek;k dk
mi;ksx Hkh lh[k! rw ,d cM+k gksVy [kksyA vktdy gksVy cgqr py jgs gSaA^
oS".ko us çHkq dk vkns'k ekudj ,d fo'kky gksVy cuok;kA cgqr vPNs dejsA
[kwclwjr ckFk:eA uhps yk.MªhA ukbZ dh nqdkuA VSfDl;k¡A ckgj cf<+;k y‚uA Åij
Vsjsl xkMZuA
37
vkSj oS".ko us [kwc foKkiu djok;kA
dejs dk fdjk;k rhl #i;k j[kkA
fQj oS".ko ds lkeus /keZ&ladV vk;kA Hkkstu dSlk gksxk\ mlus lykgdkjksa ls
dgk] êSa oS".ko gw¡A 'kq) 'kkdkgkjh Hkkstu djkÅ¡xkA 'kq) ?kh dh lCth] Qy] nky]
jk;rk] ikiM+ oSxjgÂ
cM+s gksVy dk uke lqudj cM+s yksx vkus yxsA cM+h&cM+h dEifu;ksa ds
,DthD;wfVo] cM+s vQlj vkSj cM+s lsBA
oS".ko larq"V gqvkA
ij fQj oS".ko us ns[kk fd gksVy esa Bgjus okys dqN vlarq"V gSaA
,d fnu ,d dEiuh dk ,DthD;wfVo cM+s rS'k esa oS".ko ds ikl vk;kA dgus yxk
brus eg¡xs gksVy esa ge D;k ;g ?kkl iÙkh [kkus ds fy, Bgjrs gS\a ;gk¡ Þukuost**
dk bartke D;ksa ugha gS\
oS".ko us tokc fn;k] eSa oS".ko gw¡A eSa xks'r dk bartke vius gksVy esa dSls dj
ldrk gw¡ A
ml vkneh us dgk] ôS".ko gks] rks <kck [kksyksA vk/kqfud gksVy D;ksa [kksyrs gks\
rqEgkjs ;gk¡ vkxs dksbZ ugha BgjsxkA^
oS".ko us dgk] ^;g /keZ&ladV dh ckr gSA eSa çHkq ls iwN¡wxkA^
ml vkneh us dgk] ^ge Hkh fctusl esa gSaA ge dksbZ /kekZRek ugha gSa & u vki] u
eSaA oS".ko us dgk] îj eq>s rks ;g lc çHkq fo".kq us fn;k gSA eSa oS".ko /keZ ds
çfrdwy dSls tk ldrk gw¡\ eSa çHkq ds lkeus ur&eLrd gksdj mudk vkns'k
ywaxkA^
nwljs fnu oS".ko lk"Vkax fo".kq ds lkeus ysV x;kA dgus yxk] ^çHkq ;g gksVy cSB
tk;xkA Bgjus okys dgrs gSa fd gesa ;gk¡ cgqr rdyhQ gksrh gSA eSaus rks çHkq]
oS".ko Hkkstu dk çca/k fd;k gSA ij os ekal ek¡xrs gSaA vc eSa D;k d:¡\^
oS".ko dh 'kq) vkRek ls vkokt vk;h] êw[kZ] xka/khth ls cM+k oS".ko bl ;qx esa
dkSu gqvk gS\ xka/kh dk Hktu gS] ôS".ko tu rks rs.ks dfg;s] ts ihj ijk;h tk.ks jsA^
rw bu gksVy es jgus okyksa dh ihj D;ksa ugha tkurk\ mUgsa bPNkuqlkj [kkuk ugha
feyrkA budh ihj rw le> vkSj ml ihj dks nwj djA^
oS".ko le> x;kA
mlus tYnh gh xks'r] eqxkZ] eNyh dk bartke djok fn;kA
gksVy ds xzkgd c<+us yxsA
exj ,d fnu fQj ogh ,DthD;wfVo vk;kA
dgus yxk] gk¡] vc Bhd gSA ekalkgkj vPNk feyus yxkA ij ,d ckr gSA
38 oS".ko us iwNk] ^D;k\^

mlus tokc fn;k] ^xks'r ds ipus dh nokbZ Hkh rks pkfg,A^
oS".ko us dgk] ^yo.k HkkLdj pw.kZ dk bartke djok nw¡\^
,DthD;wfVo us ekFkk BksadkA
dgus yxk] ^vki dqN ugha le>rsA esjk eryc gS & 'kjkcA ;gk¡ ckj [kksfy,A^
oS".ko lUu jg x;kA 'kjkc ;gk¡ dSls ih tk;xh\ eSa çHkq ds pj.kke`r dk çca/k rks
dj ldrk gw¡A ij efnjk! gs jke!
nwljs fnu oS".ko us fQj çHkq ls dgk] ^çHkq] os yksx efnjk ek¡xrs gSaA eSa vkidk Hkä
efnjk dSls fiyk ldrk gw¡\*
oS".ko dh ifo= vkRek ls vkokt vk;h] êw[kZ] rw D;k gksVy fcBkuk pkgrk gS\
nsork lksejl ihrs FksA ogh lksejl ;g efnjk gSA blesa rsjk oS".ko&/keZ dgk¡ Hkax
gksrk gSA lkeosn esa 63 'yksd lksejl vFkkZr~ efnjk dh Lrqfr esa gSaA rq>s /keZ dh
le> gS ;k ugha\^
oS".ko le> x;kA
mlus gksVy esa ^ckj^ [kksy fn;kA
vc gksVy BkB ls pyus yxkA oS".ko [kq'k FkkA
fQj ,d fnu ,d vkneh vk;kA dgus yxk] ^vc gksVy Bhd gSA 'kjkc Hkh gSA
xks'r Hkh gSA exj ejk gqvk xks'r gSA gesa ftank xks'r Hkh pkfg,A^
oS".ko us iwNk] ^;g ftank xks'r dSlk gksrk gS\^
mlus dgk] ^dScjs & ftlesa vkSjr uaxh gksdj ukprh gSA^
oS".ko us dgk] ^vjs] cki js!^
ml vkneh us dgk] ^blesa ^vjs cki js dh dksbZ ckr ughaA lc cM+s gksVyksa esa pyrk
gSA ;g lqfo/kk dj nks rks dejksa dk fdjk;k c<+k ldrs gksA^
oS".ko us dgk] êSa dêj oS".ko gw¡A eSa çHkq ls iwNw¡xkA^
nwljs fnu fQj oS".ko çHkq ds pj.kksa esa FkkA dgus yxk] ^çHkq] os yksx dgrs gSa fd
gksVy esa ukp Hkh gksuk pkfg,A vk/kk uaxk ;k iwjk uaxkA^
oS".ko dh 'kq) vkRek ls vkokt vk;h] êw[kZ] —".korkj esa eSaus xksfi;ksa dks upk;k
Fkk! phj&gj.k rd fd;k FkkA rq>s D;k ladksp gS\^
çHkq dh vkKk ls oS".ko us ^dScjs* Hkh pkyw dj fn;kA
vc dejs Hkjs jgrs Fks & 'kjkc] xks'r vkSj dScjsA
oS".ko cgqr [kq'k FkkA çHkq dh —ik ls gksVy Hkjk jgrk FkkA
dqN fnuksa ckn ,d xzkgd us ^cs;jk^ ls dgk] ^b/kj dqN vkSj Hkh feyrk gS\^
cs;jk us iwNk] vkSj D;k lkc\^ 39
xzkgd us dgk] ^vjs ;gh eu cnykus dh dqNA dksbZ Å¡ps fdLe dk eky feys rks
ykvksA^
cs;jk us dgk] ûgha lkc] bl gksVy esa ;g ugha pyrkA^
xzkgd oS".ko ds ikl x;kA cksyk] ^bl gksVy esa dkSu Bgjsxk\^
oS".ko us dgk] ^dScjs rks gS lkgc!^
xzkgd us dgk] ^dScjs rks nwj dk gksrk gSA ikl dk pkfg,] xeZ eky] dejs esaA^
oS".ko fQj /keZ&ladV esa iM+ x;kA
nwljs fnu oS".ko fQj çHkq dh lsok esa x;kA çkFkZuk dh] ^—ik&fu/kku] xzkgd yksx
ukjh ek¡xrs gSa& iki dh [kku! eSa rks bl iki dh [kku ls tgk¡ rd curk gS] nwj
jgrk gw¡A vc eSa D;k d:¡\^
oS".ko dh 'kq) vkRek ls vkokt vk;h] êw[kZ] ;g rks ç—fr vkSj iq#"k dk la;ksx gSA
blesa D;k iki vkSj iq.;! pyus nsA^
oS".ko us cs;jksa ls dgk] ^pqipki bartke dj fn;k djksA tjk iqfyl ls cpdjA 25
Qhlnh Hkxoku dh HksaV ys fy;k djksA^
vc oS".ko dk gksVy [kwc pyus yxkA
'kjkc] xks'r] dScjs vkSj vkSjrA
oS".ko /keZ cjkcj fuHk jgk gSA
b/kj ;g Hkh py jgk gSA
oS".ko us /keZ dks /ka/kks ls [kwc tksM+k gSA
cks/k ç'u
vkius O;aX; fuca/k i<+ fy;k gksxkA vc fufEufyf[kr ç'uksa dk lgh mÙkj uhps fn,
x, dks"Bd esa mila[;k fy[kdj nsa vkSj vius mÙkjksa dks bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x,
mÙkjksa ls feykdj tk¡p ysaA
1½ oS".ko djksM+ifr dSls cu x;k Fkk\
d½ viuh dM+h esgur lsA
[k½ Hkxoku fo".kq dh fu;fer iwtk lsA
x½ lwn[kksjh vkSj dkykcktkjh lsA
?k½ vius vPNs HkkX; lsA ¼ ½
2½ ys[kd us ^/keZ dks /ka/ks ls tksM+u*s ls fdl vk'k; dh vfHkO;fä dh gS\
d½ /ka/ks dks Js"B fl) djus ds fy,A
[k½ /ka/ks esa vf/kdre ykHk çkIr djus ds fy,A
40
x½ /ka/ks dks c<+kus esa /keZ dk nq#i;ksx djus ds fy,A
?k½ /kkfeZd ço`fÙk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy,A ¼ ½
3½ tc dtZ ysus okys vkrs gSa rks oS".ko dkSu&lk :i /kkj.k djrk gS\
d½ xn~nh dk ekfyd cu tkrk gSA
[k½ Hkxoku fo".kq dk equhe cu tkrk gSA
x½ ,d bZekunkj O;olkbZ cu tkrk gSA
?k½ /kekZRek O;fä cu tkrk gSA ¼ ½
4½ vius ikl uEcj nks dk cgqr vf/kd iSlk ,d= gks tkus ij mls lQsn ¼uaå 1
dk½ djus dh oS".ko dh fpUrk ds lek/kku ds fy, Hkxoku fo".kq us D;k vkns'k
fn;k\
d½ xjhc nqf[k;ksa dh lgk;rk djus dkA
[k½ ,d cM+k gksVy [kksyus dkA
x½ iq.;&dk;Z ds fy, eafnj cuokus dkA
?k½ /keZ'kkyk cuokus dkA ¼ ½
bl fuca/k dks i<+dj vkius le> fy;k gksxk fd blesa vkjaHk ls var rd ,d
djksM+ifr <ksaxh oS".ko ¼fo".kq Hkxoku ds Hkä½ ds yxkrkj v/k%iru dk O;aX;&fp=
çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA djksM+ifr oS".ko us Hkxoku fo".kq dk ,d HkO; eafnj cuokdj
viuh lkjh tk;nkn muds uke dj nh gSA blfy, lwn[kksjh ls ysdj dkykcktkjh
ds lkjs dke mUgha ds uke ij gksrs gSaA oS".ko fu;fer :i ls nks ?kaVs fo".kq Hkxoku
dh iwtk djrk gSA iwtk ds ckn elun yxs xíhnkj fcLrjs okyh cSBd esa vklu
yxkdj og /keZ ls /ka/ks dks tksM+us dh lk/kuk djrk gSA /keZ ls /ka/ks dks tksM+us dks
^;ksx^ dh laKk nsdj ys[kd us /keZ dh vkM+ esa Hkz"Vkpkj djus okys O;olkf;;ksa ij
djkjk O;aX; fd;k gSA oS".ko ds ikl tc dtZ ysus okys vkrs gSa rks og Hkxoku
fo".kq dk equhe cu tkrk gSA dtZ ysus okys ls [kkrs esa ;g ntZ djok;k tkrk gS
& ^nLrkost fy[k nh jkeyky oYn ';keyky us Hkxoku fo".kq oYn ukekywe dks---A
^fo".kq Hkxoku dh ofYn;r blfy, ugha ntZ dh tkrh D;ksafd muds firk dk uke
ekywe ugha gSA ekywe gksus ij gh ofYn;r Bhd gksxhA bl dFku ds ihNs Hkh
/kkfeZd ik[kaM ij ,d xgjk O;aX; fNik gqvk gSA
viuh dkyh djrwr ds dkj.k oS".ko ds ikl dkQh iSlk ,d= gks x;k gSA bu iSlksa
ls og dbZ ,tsafl;k¡ ysdj cgqr cM+k vk<+rh ¼LVkfdLV½ cu x;k gSA eky nckdj
euekuh pksjcktkjh dks Hkh og çHkq dh —ik gh ekurk gSA bl ij fVIi.kh djrs gq,
ys[kd dgrk gS fd mlds çHkq Hkh nks uEcjh cu x, gSaA uEcj nks ds iSls dks uacj
,d dk cukus ds fy, oS".ko çHkq ls çkFkZuk djrk gS fd ^vc eSa bldk D;k d:¡\---
--- çHkq d"V gjks lcdkA^ oS".ko dh 'kq) vkRek ls vkokt mBrh gS fd ^v/ke] ek;k
tksM+h gS rks ek;k dk mi;ksx Hkh lh[k! rw ,d cM+k gksVy [kksy ysA^ oS".ko bls çHkq
dk vkns'k ekudj ,d 'kkunkj gksVy cuokrk gSA vk/kqfud lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa ls iw.kZ
41
lqanj dejs] ckFk:e vkSj uhps ykaMªh] ukbZ dh nwdku] VSfDl;ksa dh O;oLFkk ds lkFk
gh ckgj [kwclwjr yEcs&pkSM+s y‚u ls gksVy dh 'kku esa dbZ xquk o`f) gks tkrh gSA
viuh rFkkdfFkr /kkfeZd ç—fr ds dkj.k oS".ko gksVy esa fo'kq) 'kkdkgkjh Hkkstu
dh O;oLFkk djrk gS] ftlesa 'kq) ?kh dh lCth] nky] Qy] jk;rk] ikiM+ vkfn
lfEefyr gSaA gksVy dk uke py iM+rk gSA cM+h&cM+h diafu;ksa ds dk;Zdkjh
vf/kdkjh] Å¡ps ntsZ ds ljdkjh vf/kdkjh] cM+s&cM+s lsB vkus yxrs gSaA rhl #i,
çfr dejs fdjk;k vkSj [kku iku dh O;oLFkk dh vkenuh ls oS".ko larq"V gSA
ysfdu gksVy esa Bgjus okys dqN cM+s yksx vc Hkh vlarq"V gSaA ,d cM+k dk;Zdkjh
vf/kdkjh rS'k esa vkdj oS".ko dks QVdkjrk gS fd brus eg¡xs gksVy esa D;k ge
?kkl&ikr [kkus ds fy, Bjgrs gSa\ ;gk¡ ûku ost^ dh O;oLFkk D;ksa ugha\ oS".ko ds
lkeus /keZ&ladV mifLFkr gks tkrk gSA bl ladV ls Hkfä ds fy, og çHkq fo".kq
ds pj.kksa esa ysV dj çkFkZuk djrk gS fd ;g gksVy cSB tk,xkA Bgjus okyksa dks
;gk¡ cM+h rdyhQ gksrh gSA os 'kq) oS".ko Hkkstu dh txg ekal ek¡xrs gSaA eSa D;k
d:¡\ oS".ko dh 'kq) vkRek ls l/kh gqbZ vkokt vkrh gS] ^xka/kh th ls cM+k oS".ko
bl ;qx esa dkSu gqvk gSA mudk çfl) Hktu gS] oS".kotu rks rs.ks dfg,] ts ihj
ijkbZ tk.ks jsÂ rw gksVy esa jgus okyksa dh îhj* le> vkSj mls nwj djA blls
cM+k oS".ko /keZ D;k gksxk\ çHkq ds vkns'k ls oS".ko us tYnh gh xks'r] eqxkZ] eNyh
vkfn dh O;oLFkk djok nhA xzkgd c<+us yxsA ysfdu ,d fnu fQj mlh
dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh us f'kdk;r dh fd ekalkgkj dh O;oLFkk rks Bhd gS] ysfdu
mlds ipus dk Hkh bartke gksuk pkfg,A oS".ko }kjk yo.k HkkLdj pw.kZ ds bartke
dh ckr lqudj dk;Zdkjh vf/kdjh us ekFkk Bksad fy;kA mldh uk le>h ij rjl
[kkrs gq, dgk] êsjk eryc 'kjkc ls gSA ;gk¡ ^ckj* [kksfy,A ;g lqudj oS".ko lUu
jg x;kA ;g nwljk xaHkhj ladV FkkA oS".ko us çHkq ds pj.kksa esa xqgkj dh fd
vkids pj.kke`r dh txg eSa efnjk dSls fiyk ldrk gw¡\ mldh 'kq) vkRek ls
vkokt vk;h fd êw[kZ] rw D;k gksVy fcBkuk pkgrk gS\ nsork lksejl ihrs FksA ogh
lksejl efnjk gSA blesa rsjk oS".ko /keZ dgk¡ Hkax gksrk gSA lkeosn ds 63 'yksd
lksejl vFkkZr~ efnjk dh Lrqfr esa gSaA rq>s /keZ dh le> gS ;k ugha\ /kekZRek oS".ko
dh le> esa vk x;kA gksVy esa ^ckj^ [kksy fn;k x;kA gksVy dks BkV ls pyrs
ns[k oS".ko [kq'k gks x;kA
gksVy&O;olk; dsoy ^ckj^ rd gh lhfer ugha jgrkA fQj êjs gq, xks'r^ dh
txg ^ftank xks'r* vFkkZr ^dScjs* dh ckr mBh] ftlesa vkSjrksa dk uXu u`R; gksrk
gSA cgqr lksp&le> ds ckn oS".ko us çHkq ds pj.kksa esa ureLrd gksdj viuh
leL;k j[khA mldh 'kq) vkRek ls vkokt vk;h fd ew[kZ —".kkorkj esa eSaus xksfi;ksa
dks upk;k Fkk] mudk phjgj.k fd;k FkkA rq>s D;k ladksp gSA çHkq ds vkns'k ls
^dScjs^ Hkh 'kq: gks x;kA 'kjkc] xks'r vkSj dScjs dh O;oLFkk ls gksVy ds dejksa dk
fdjk;k dkQh c<+ x;k] lHkh dejs Hkjs jgus yxsA ysfdu vk/kqfud gksVy dh e;kZnk
dsoy dScjs rd gh lhfer ugha gSA ^dScjs* ds ckn ukjh nsg dh ek¡x vk;hA bl
/keZ ladV ds lek/kku ds fy, oS".ko us iqu% çHkq pj.kksa dk lgkjk fy;kA mldh
'kq) vkRek ls vkokt vkbZ] êw[kZ ;g rks ç—fr vkSj iq#"k dk la;ksx gSA blesa D;k
iki vkSj iq.;! pyus nsA^ çHkq ds bl vkns'k ij oS".ko us cs;jksa ls dg fn;k fd
iqfyl ls cpdj pqipki bartke dj fn;k djksA Hkxoku dh HksaV dk iPphl
çfr'kr ys fy;k djksA oS".ko iqu% lQsn ls dkys /ka/ks ij vk x;kA 'kjkc] xks'r]
42
dScjs vkSj vkSjr ds ;ksx ls gksVy [kwc pyus yxkA oS".ko /keZ Hkh cjdjkj jgk bl
çdkj oS".ko us /keZ dks /ka/ks ls vPNh rjg tksM+ dj viuh ^;ksx lk/kuk^ dk Hkjiwj
ifjp; fn;kA bl çdkj fuca/k esa vkfn ls var rd O;olk;h oxZ ds çfrfuf/k
oS".ko ds /kkfeZd <ksax vkSj çiap dk jl ysrs gq, HkaMkQksM+ fd;k x;k gSA
;gk¡ fuca/k ds dqN egRoiw.kZ va'kksa dh llanHkZ O;k[;k çLrqr dh tk jgh gS] ftuls
vkidks fuca/k le>us vkSj mldh O;k[;k djus esa lgk;rk feysxhA
ôS".ko djksM+ifr gSA Hkxoku fo".kq dk eafnj gSA tk;nkn yxh gSA Hkxoku lwn[kksjh
djrs gSaA C;kt ls dtZ nsrs gSaA oS".ko nks ?kaVs Hkxoku fo".kq dh iwtk djrs gSa] fQj
xknh&rfd, okyh cSBd esa vkdj /keZ dks /ka/ks ls tksM+rs gSaA /keZ /ka/ks ls tqM+ tk,]
blh dks ^;ksx* dgrs gSaA dtZ ysus okys vkrs gSaA fo".kq Hkxoku ds equhe gks tkrs
gSaA^
lanHkZ% çLrqr m)j.k LoxhZ; gfj'kadj ijlkbZ ds O;aX; fuca/k ôS".ko dh fQlyu*
ls fy;k x;k gSA fuca/k dh bu vkjafHkd iafä;ksa esa ys[kd us lwn[kksj&O;kikjh]
djksM+ksa ds ekfyd rFkkdfFkr oS".ko ¼fo".kq Hkxoku dk Hkä½ dk VwVs&QwVs v/kwjs
okD;ksa esa vR;ar ekfeZd O;aX;&fp= çLrqr fd;k gSA
O;k[;k% yk[kksa&djksM+ksa ds ekfyd fo".kq Hkä O;olk;h us fo".kq Hkxoku dk HkO;
eafnj cuok dj csbZekuh ls vftZr dh xbZ viuh lkjh lEifÙk eafnj ds uke dj
nh gSA blfy, mldk lkjk dkjksckj Hkxoku djrs gSaA lwn[kksjh ;k C;kt ij iSls
m/kkj nsus dk dk;Z oS".ko us Hkxoku ds ftEes dj fn;k gSA og rks mikluk x`g esa
nks ?kaVs rd Hkxoku dh fu"BkiwoZd ¼>wBh ;k eDdkjh ls Hkjh½ iwtk djus ds ckn
rfd, okyh lth cSBd ¼xíh½ esa vkdj /keZ dks /ka/ks ls tksM+us ek= dk dk;Z djrk
gSA bl :i esa og ije lk/kd cu tkrk gSA /keZ /ka/ks ls tqM+ lds] blh dks og
^;ksx* ekurk gSA bl ;ksx&lk/kuk esa og ije fuiq.k gSA tc C;kt ij m/kkj ysus
okys mldh xíh ij vkrs gSa rks og Hkxoku fo".kq dk equhe cudj dke djrk gSA
dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g fd og viuh lEifÙk dk ekfyd u jgdj Hkxoku dk vnuk
lsod cu dj jgrk gSA
fo'ks"k%
1½ NksVs&NksVs] çk;% v/kwjs okD;ksa dk ç;ksxA dgha drkZ rks dgha fØ;k xk;c gSA
fQj Hkh O;atuk ls Hkjiwj Hkk"kk dk ç;ksx bl m)j.k esa gqvk gSA
2½ iwjs fuca/k dks lgh <ax ls le>us ds fy, ;g m)j.k cht ;k dqath dk dke
djrk gSA
3½ /keZ dks /ka/ks ls tksM+us dks ^;ksx* dh laKk nsdj ys[kd us Hkz"V O;olkf;;ksa dh
vR;ar f?kukSuh eukso`fÙk ij djkjh pksV dh gSA
43
m)j.k 2%
oS".ko dh 'kq) vkRek ls vkokt vk;h] êw[kZ] xka/kh th ls cM+k oS".ko bl ;qx esa
dkSu gqvk\ xka/kh th dk Hktu gS] ôS".ko tu rks rs.ks dfg,] ts ihj ijk;h tk.ks
jsA^ rw bl gksVy esa jgus okyksa dh ihj D;ksa ugha tkurk\ mUgsa bPNkuqlkj [kkuk
ugha feyrkA budh ihj rw le> vkSj ml ihj dks nwj djA**
;g x|ka'k gfj'kadj ijlkbZ ds O;aX; fuca/k ôS".ko dh fQlyu^ ls fy;k
x;k gSA oS".ko ds vkyh'kku gksVy esa ekalkgkj dh O;oLFkk u gksus ds dkj.k mlesa
Bgjus okys mPp vf/kdkjh vkSj cM+s yksx vlarq"V gSaA ,d mPp vf/kdkjh rS'k esa
vkdj oS".ko dks QVdkjus yxrk gS fd brus cM+s gksVy esa ekalkgkj dk bartke
D;ksa ugha gS\ oS".ko vius /keZ&ladV dh ckr dgdj bl iki&deZ ls NqVdkjk
ikuk pkgrk gSA ysfdu mPp vf/kdkjh ds ncko ls og fo".kq Hkxoku ds pj.kksa esa
ysVdj çkFkZuk djrk gS fd gksVy esa Bgjus okyksa dh rdyhQ ds fo"k; esa og D;k
djs\ mldh 'kq) vkRek ds :i esa Hkxoku fo".kq tks lek/kkuiw.kZ vkns'k nsrs gSa] mls
vR;ar O;aX;kRed <ax ls bl m)j.k esa çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
O;k[;k% viuh çkFkZuk ds mÙkj esa oS".ko dh 'kq) vkRek ¼tks O;aX; esa fufgr foijhr
y{k.k ls vR;ar efyu vkSj LokFkZfyIr gS½ ls vkokt vkrh gS fd rqe ew[kZ gksA
xka/kh th ls egku oS".ko bl ;qx esa iSnk gh ugha gqvkA muds çfl) Hktu ôS".ko
tu rks rs.ks dfg,] ts ihj ijkbZ tk.ks js^& dk mnkgj.k çLrqr djrs gq, mldh
rFkkdfFkr 'kq) vkRek dk vkns'k gksrk gS fd ^rw gksVy es Bgjus okyksa dh ihM+k dks
D;ksa ugha le>rk\^ mUgsa bPNkuqlkj Hkkstu ugha fey ik jgk gSA mudh bl ihM+k
dks rw le> vkSj mls rqjar nwj djA bl rjg viuh 'kq) vkRek vFkkZr~ LokFkZ ds
o'khHkwr efyu vkRek dh vkokt dks fo".kq Hkxoku dk vkns'k ekudj og gksVy esa
ekalkgkj ds fy, ekal] eqxkZ] eNyh vkfn dh rqjar O;oLFkk dj nsrk gSA vr% /keZ
dh >wBh vkM+ esa mldk gksVy vPNh rjg pyus yxrk gSA
fo'ks"k%
1½ ;gk¡ ôS".ko dh 'kq) vkRek* in efyu vkSj LokFkZ fyIr vkRek dk vFkZ nsrk gSA
2½ bl m)j.k esa ujlh esgrk }kjk jfpr vkSj yksdeaxy ds egku lk/kd egkRek
xka/kh ds fç; Hkfäxhr dk oS".ko }kjk vius fgr esa nq#i;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
blds ek/;e ls ys[kd us fl) fd;k gS fd ekuork dh egku&ls&egku
miyfC/k;ksa dh Hkh O;kolkf;d oxZ vkM+ ysdj vius dq—R; dks lQyrkiwod Z
fNik ldrk gSA
vH;kl
1½ fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dh uhps fjä LFkku esa lanHkZ lfgr O;k[;k djsa &
“oS".ko dh ifo= vkRek ls vkokt vk;h] êw[kZ] rw D;k gksVy fcBkuk pkgrk
gS! nsork lksejl ihrs FksA ogh lksejl ;g efnjk gSA blesa rsjk oS".ko&/keZ
dgk¡ Hkax gksrk gSA lkeosn esa 63 'yksd lksejl vFkkZr~ efnjk dh Lrqfr esa gSA
rq>s /keZ dh le> gS ;k ugha\”
44
lanHkZ%
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O;k[;k%
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vkius bl fuca/k ds lkFk gh mlds lkj dks Hkh i<+ fy;k gSA lkj dks i<+rs gq,
vkidks yxk gksxk fd fuca/k esa dgh x;h cgqr lh ckrksa esa dkQh dqN tksM+dj
fy[kuk iM+k gS vkSj dbZ ckrsa NwV Hkh x;h gSaA ckotwn blds lkj yEck gks x;k gS]
tks lkj ys[ku dh ç—fr vkSj mlds Lo:i ls vkidks fHkUu Hkh yx ldrk gSA
bldk çeq[k dkj.k gS] jpuk esa ç;qä O;aX;&;kstukA vr% vf/kdka'kr% tks dgk
x;k gS] mldk vFkZ foijhr y{k.k ls myVk gks tkrk gS] vFkkZr bl fuca/k esa
^vfHk/kkFkZ dh fQlyu^ esa bl rF; dks vkfn ls var rd ns[kk tk ldrk gSA vius
dF; dks ijlkbZ th us blh :i esa çLrqr fd;k gSA
O;olkf;;ksa }kjk /keZ dks vius /ka/ks ls tksM+us dh ço`fÙk dk inkZQk'k djuk bl
fuca/k dk eq[; mn~ns'; gSA djksM+ifr oS".ko us ftl çdkj LofufeZr fo".kq eafnj ds
uke viuh lkjh tk;nkn yxk nh gS] mlh çdkj vius dq—R;ksa dks Hkh mUgha ds
uke dj og vius dks iki eqä eku ysrk gSA ysfdu bl fuca/k esa oS".ko ,d O;fä
ek= u gksdj lewps O;kolkf;d vkSj vkS|ksfxd oxZ dk çfrfuf/k cu dj vk;k gSA
orZeku ;qx esa ;g ,slk oxZ gS] ftldh frtksjh esa /ku gh ugha] oju /keZ] jktuhfr]
vFkZuhfr vkSj çfr"Bk Hkh can gks tkrh gSA ;gk¡ rd fd laL—fr ,oa laL—fr
dfeZ;ksa] dyk ,oa dykdkjksa dks Hkh og viuh frtksjh ds pDdj esa Q¡lk, j[kus dk
ç;kl djrk gSA ,d tkx:d O;fä ds :i esa ijlkbZ th us bu lHkh fLFkfr;ksa ij
xgu fparu fd;k gSA ,d jpukdkj ;k ys[kd ds :i esa mUgksaus iwjh lkekftd
çfrc)rk ds lkFk bu fLFkfr;ksa dh okLrfodrkvksa dks O;aX; ds lgkjs mtkxj djrs
gq, ikBd dks tkx:d cukdj lkekftd ifjorZu esa viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA
ôS".ko dh fQlyu^ 'kh"kZd laxzg ds ^ys[kdh;* esa ijlkbZ th us vkjaHk esa gh fy[kk
45
gS fd Ô;aX; dh çfr"Bk bl chp lkfgR; esa dkQh c<+h gS & og 'kwæ ls {kf=;
eku fy;k x;k gSA O;aX;] lkfgR; esa czkã.k cuuk Hkh ugha pkgrk D;ksafd og dhrZu
djrk gSA^
ijlkbZ th dk mi;qZä dFku muds O;aX;&ç;ksx dh fn'kk vkSj n'kk & nksuksa dk
ladsr djrk gSA jktuhfrd tksM+&rksM+ gks ;k lkfgfR;d tksM+&rksM+] ç'kklfud
Hkz"Vkpkj gks pkgs O;kolkf;d vkS|ksfxd ywV&[klksV & loZ= mUgksaus O;aX; dk ,d
dkjxj gfFk;kj ds :i esa bLrseky fd;k gSA O;aX; dks gkL; ds lkFk tksM+dj bls
çk;% euksjatu] g¡lus&g¡lkus dk lk/ku ekuk tkrk jgk gSA blfy, lkfgR; ds {ks=
esa og gkf'k, dh fo/kk gh cuh gqbZ Fkh ysfdu dchj] Hkkjrsanq] fujkyk] ukxktqZu ls
ysdj ijlkbZ rd O;aX; dh ,d LoLFk ijaijk us mls gkf'k, ls mBkdj dsanz esa yk
fn;k gSA dchj dh Hkk¡fr fueZe çgkj ijlkbZ ds O;aX; dh çeq[k fo'ks"krk gSA ôS".ko
dh fQlyu* laxzg dh vafre iafä;ksa esa dchj dk xkSjoxku djrs gq, ijlkbZ th
us fy[kk gS] ^dchj] ftlus viuh tehu rksM+h] Hkk"kk rksM+k vkSj u;h rkdroj Hkk"kk
x<+h] lM+h&xyh ekU;rk dks vkx yxkbZ] tkfr vkSj /keZ ds Hksn dks ykr ekjh] lkjs
ik[kaM dk inkZQk'k fd;k] tks iyhrk ysdj dqlaLdkjksa dks tykus ds fy, ?kwek
djrk FkkA og ;ks)k dfo FkkA^ ¼i`-112½
oLrqr% gfj'kadj ijlkbZ Hkh mlh rjg ds ;ks)k lkfgR;dkj jgs gSaA 'kksf"kr&nfyr
vkSj mRihfMr oxZ dk i{k ysdj Hkz"Vkpkj esa fyIr mPp 'kks"kd oxZ ds fo#)
mUgksaus dBksj la?k"kZ fd;k gSA vkids xgu v/;;u ds fy, fu/kkZfjr O;aX; fuca/k esa
lektO;kih foÑfr ds ,d i{k ^/keZ vkSj /ka/ks* dks fo"k; cukdj yksHk&ykHk dh
ço`fÙk ls lapkfyr O;olk; dh okLrfodrk dk inkZQk'k djus ds lkFk gh mUgksaus
/keZ dh vlkekftd Hkwfedk ij Hkh dVk{k fd;k gSA ;gh fuca/k dh ewy varoZLrq gS]
ftls vki fuca/k dk dF; Hkh dg ldrs gSaA
çLrqr fuca/k dk pfj=&fo/kku Hkh mldh varoZLrq dks le>us esa vkidh i;kZIr
lgk;rk dj ldrk gSA bl fuca/k ls djksM+ifr oS".ko ek= O;fä u gksdj ,d
vPNs&[kkls O;kolkf;d leqnk; dk çfrfuf/k gSA mlh ds fØ;k&dyki ls fuca/k
dk vkjaHk vkSj var gksrk gSA /keZ dk lgkjk ysdj fofHkUu gFkdaMksa ls /ku ,d= dj
og ,d cM+s gksVy dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA bldk ,d cgqr gh jkspd fp= O;aX; ds
ek/;e ls çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bl çfØ;k esa rFkkdfFkr /keZ vkSj mlds çeq[k
vk/kkj fo".kq Hkxoku dk Hkh lkadsfrd <ax ls e[kkSy mM+k;k x;k gSA os Lo;a dtZ
nsrs gSa] C;kt ysrs gSa vkSj nks uacj dk /ka/kk djrs gSaA D;ksafd oS".ko ¼/kwrZ O;olkf;;ksa
dk çfrfuf/k½ rks mudk equhe ek= gSA bl rjg dh ekU;rk O;olkb;ksa dh Øwjrk
dks mtkxj djrh gSA
gksVy ds fodkl&foLrkj esa miHkksäkokn vkSj ek¡x rFkk iwfrZ ds vekuoh;
cktkj&fu;e dh Øwjrk dks Hkh /keZ vkSj 'kq) vkRek ds >hus insZ ls <dus dk
ç;kl dj oS".ko viuh vkRek dh efyurk dks gh mtkxj djrk gSA D;ksafd ;g
>huk inkZ O;aX;dkj dh rh[kh utjksa ls fNi ugha ikrkA 'kq) 'kkdkgkjh Hkkstu dh
O;oLFkk dk ne Hkjus okyk oS".ko yksHk&ykHk dh Hkkouk ls çsfjr gksdj Øe'k% ekal]
46
efnjk] dScjs vkSj var esa vkSjr ds 'kjhj ds /ka/ks rd mrj vkrk gSA ;gk¡ lc dqN
mldh rFkkdfFkr 'kq) vkRek] vFkkZr~ Hkxoku fo".kq ds vkns'k ls /kkfeZd deZ ds :i
esa gksrk gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g fd ,sls yksx gh 'kq) vkRek] varjkRek] Hkxoku dh
yhyk] Hkxoku dh ethZ vkfn dk <ksy ihVdj vius dq—R;ksa dks Hkh xkSjokfUor
djrs gSaA yksHk&ykHk ds o'khHkwr ,sls yksx cqjs&ls&cqjs dk;Z djus ds ckn Hkh
i'pkrki ds fy, çsfjr u gksdj vius dk;ksaZ dk vkSfpR; fl) djus yx tkrs gSaA
bls gh fuca/k dh ewy varoZLrq ;k dF; dgk tk ldrk gS] tks oS".ko ds pfj= ds
ek/;e ls çLrqr gqbZ gSA
fuca/k&jpuk esa] fo'ks"kdj O;aX;kRed fuca/kksa esa lkfgR; dh vU; fo/kkvksa dh vis{kk
ys[kd ds O;fäRo dh vfHkO;fä dk lokZf/kd vodk'k jgrk gSA gfj'kadj ijlkbZ
ds lanHkZ esa ;g ckr vkSj vf/kd eq[kj gksdj lkeus vkrh gSaA mudh vf/kdka'k
O;aX;kRed jpuk,¡ ,d lkfgfR;d fo/kk dh iwoZfu/kkZfjr lhekvksa esa c¡/kh ugha jgrhA
dHkh os fuca/k ls dgkuh dh lhek esa igq¡p tkrh gSa] rks dHkh jktuhfrd] lkekftd]
lkaL—frd] /kkfeZd vkSj ç'kklfud fVIi.kh dk vkHkkl nsus yxrh gSaA QyLo:i
fdlh Hkh pqus gq, fo"k; ij os fo"k; dk ifjp;] fo"k; dh O;k[;k ;k mldk
rF;kRed ys[kk&tks[kk u nsdj O;aX; ds lgkjs viuh vkykspukRed –f"V dk gh
vf/kd ifjp; nsrs gSaA
ôS".ko dh fQlyu^ 'kh"kZd fuca/k çk;% fuca/k dh lhek dk mYya?ku dj dgkuh ds
{ks= esa ços'k djrs gq, varr% ,d vkykspukRed fVIi.kh dk :i /kkj.k dj ysrk gSA
blh çdkj ^Hkksyk jke dk tho* ç'kklfud yky Qhrk'kkgh dh dgkuh ek= u
jgdj ,d lektfu"B O;fä dh ç'kklfud Hkz"Vkpkj ij fVIi.kh Hkh cu tkrh gSA
vkids fy, fu/kkZfjr laxzg dk dgkuh uqek fuca/k ^jktuhfr dk c¡Vokjk^] ,d
leL;k dsafær fuca/k ^vdky&mRlo^] ^jkepfjr ekul^ dh pkSFkh 'krh euk, tkus
ds volj ij ^dchj lekjksg D;ksa ugha^ 'kh"kZd ys[k vkfn cgqr lh jpuk,¡ viuh
fo/kkxr fo'ks"krk,¡ NksM+dj ,d ubZ fo/kk dk vkHkkl nsrh gSaA ;gk¡ vki ;g /;ku
j[ksa fd lkfgfR;d fo/kkvksa dh e;kZnk dk gh mYya?ku ijlkbZ ds jpuk'khy O;fäRo
dh fo'ks"krk ugha gSA mUgksaus vius ;qx dh lM+h&xyh ekU;rk vkSj nhed yxh lHkh
e;kZnkvksa ds çfr lkFkZd foæksg fd;k gSA ;g foæksg&Hkko gh muds O;fäRo dh
ewyHkwr fo'ks"krk gS] tks mudh vf/kdka'k jpukvksa esa vR;ar eq[kj gksdj O;ä gqvk
gSA vkids ikBîØe esa fu/kkZfjr fuca/k ôS".ko dh fQlyu* Hkh mi;qZä rF; dk
çek.k gSA fo".kq Hkxoku dks lwn[kksj] dkykcktkjh ;k uacj nks dk /ka/kk djus okyk
crkuk fojys yksxksa dk gh dke gSA fdlh Hkh fLFkfr esa vU;k; vkSj dqjhfr;ksa ls
le>kSrk u djus okys ijlkbZ th dk vD[kM+ O;fäRo mudh lHkh jpukvksa esa
mtkxj gqvk gSA mudh yM+kbZ thou ds çR;sd {ks= esa LoLFk ewY;ksa dh j{kk ds
fy, jgh gSA bl çfØ;k esa os thou ds lHkh {ks=ksa esa O;kIr yksd&fojks/kh rRoksa ij
fxu&fxu dj rh[kk çgkj djrs jgs gSaA bl çdkj os Hkkjr dh cgqla[;d cngky
turk ds i{k esa la?k"kZ djus okys vçfre ;ks)k fl) gksrs gSaA ;g O;fäRo muds
fuca/k esa iwjh rjg mtkxj gqvk gSA
47
cks/k ç'u
vc rd vkius fu/kkZfjr fuca/k vkSj mldh cgqr lh fo'ks"krkvksa dk v/;;u dj
fy;k gksxkA buls tqM+s gq, dqN ç'u uhps fn, tk jgs gSaA fo'okl gS] mudk
leqfpr mÙkj vki ns ldsaxsA mÙkj nsus ds ckn bdkbZ esa fn, x, mÙkjksa ls
feykdj mudh tk¡p dj ysaA
5½ Ô;aX; gkf'k, ls dsUnz esa vk x;k gS^& bl dFku ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\ lgh mÙkj
dks Øe la[;k ds ek/;e ls dks"Bd esa fufnZ"V djsa &
d½ O;aX; lekt esa gkf'k, ds yksxksa ds lkFk Hksn&Hkko djrk gSA
[k½ fucZy yksxksa dk 'kks"k.k djrk gSA
x½ vU;k; ds fo#) ihfM+r yksxksa dh j{kk djrk gSA
?k½ og lkfgR; esa misf{kr u jgdj çfr"Bk dk vf/kdkjh gks x;k gSA ¼½
6½ fuca/k esa ôS".ko tu rks rsus dfg,] ts ihj ijkbZ tk.ks js^ & Hktu dk mi;ksx
fdl dk;Z ds fy, fd;k x;k gS\ lgh mÙkj dks dks"Bd esa fufnZ"V djsa &
d½ lcdh ihM+k dks nwj djus ds fy,A
[k½ nhu&nqf[k;ksa dh HkykbZ ds fy,A
x½ gksVy esa Bgjus okys cM+s yksxksa dh ijs'kkuh dks nwj djus ds fy,
ekalkgkj dh O;oLFkk ds fy,A
?k½ yksdeaxy ds dk;Z ds fy,A ¼ ½
7½ fuca/k esa —".kyhyk ds lanHkZ esa xksfi;ksa ds u`R; vkSj phjgj.k ds çlax dk
mYys[k fdl mn~ns'; dh iwfrZ ds fy, fd;k x;k gS\
d½ /kkfeZd Hkkouk txkus ds fy,A
[k½ yksdjatu ds fy,A
x½ gksVy esa dScjs dh O;oLFkk ds fy,A
?k½ lkaL—frd fojklr ls ifjp; djkus ds fy,A ¼ ½
8½ ifBr lkexzh ds vk/kkj ij crk,¡ fd lekt esa dkSu ls yksx gSa] tks 'kq)
vkRek] varjkRek] Hkxoku dh yhyk] Hkxoku dh ethZ dk <ksy vf/kd ihVrs gSaA
fuEufyf[kr esa ls lgh mÙkj dk dks"Bd esa funsZ'k djsa&&
d½ /kkfeZd ço`fÙk ds yksxA
[k½ uSfrd ewY;ksa dh f'k{kk nsus okys yksxA
x½ /keZ dks /ka/ks ls tksM+us okys O;kolkf;d yksxA
?k½ lekt&lq/kkj dk dk;Z djus okys yksxA ¼ ½
9½ gfj'kadj ijlkbZ ds fuca/kksa esa mudh dkSu&lh –f"V lokZf/kd çeq[krk ls O;ä
gqbZ gS\ lgh mÙkj dk dks"Bd esa funsZ'k djsa &
d½ leUo;oknh –f"VA
48
[k½ vkykspukRed çgkj dh –f"VA
x½ uSfrdrkoknh –f"VA
?k½ lkekftd O;ogkj dq'kyrk dh –f"VA ¼ ½
vkius bl fuca/k dks i<+us rFkk bldh cgqr lkjh fo'ks"krkvksa dh tkudkjh çkIr
djus ds ckn bldh jpuk&i)fr vkSj ç—fr esa ,d u;kiu ns[kk gksxkA ;gk¡
fuca/k ds] fo'ks"kdj O;aX;kRed fuca/k ds jpuk&f'kYi ij fopkj djrs gq, ge
mi;qZä u;siu dh vksj Hkh ladsr djrs pysaxsA tgk¡ rd fuca/k ds 'kkfCnd vFkZ dk
laca/k gS] og ,d c¡/kh gqbZ vkSj vR;ar lqxfBr jpuk dk ladsrd gSA ¼fu%¾ fo'ks"k]
ca/k&c¡/kk ;k c¡/kh gqbZ½ vFkkZr~ fo'ks"k :i ls c¡/kh gqbZ ;k lqxfBr jpukA ysfdu
fuca/k&jpuk dh fu/kkZfjr lhek dk R;kx dj ijlkbZ dgkuh ds {ks= esa ços'k dj
tkrs gSaA vr% ôS".ko dh fQlyu* esa pfj=&fo/kku vkSj laokn ;kstuk ds dkj.k
dgkuh dk xq.k Hkh vk tkrk gSA
fuca/k ds laca/k esa tks nwljk egRoiw.kZ rF; gS] og mldh Hkk"kk gSA fuca/k dks x|
dh dlkSVh ekuk x;k gSA fuca/kdkj fo"k; ds foospu&fo'ys"k.k esa iw.kZ Lora=rk dh
NwV ys ldrk gS] fQj Hkh Hkk"kk&ç;ksx ds lac/a k esa vf/kd Lora=rk dk mi;ksx og
ugha dj ldrkA ysfdu bl fuca/k ds vkjaHk esa gh vki ns[ksaxs fd [kafMr vkSj v/kwjs
okD;ksa] drkZ&fØ;k laca/kh fu;eksa dh vogsyuk }kjk Hkk"kk laca/kh lhek dks Hkh
ijlkbZ th us rksM+k gSA bl çdkj os fuca/k ds 'kkfCnd vFkZ] mldh f'kYixr vkSj
Hkk"kkxr ekU;rkvksa dh lhek dks yka?krs gq, fn[kk;h nsrs gSaA bl –f"V ls muesa
vkpk;Z jkepaæ 'kqDy tSls egku fo"k;fu"B fuca/kdkj vkSj vkpk;Z gtkjhçlkn
f}osnh tSls egku O;fäfu"B vkSj yfyr fuca/kdkj ls i;kZIr fHkUurk feysxhA bl
fHkUurk ds ckotwn fganh ds tkrh; x|] [kM+h cksyh dh lEiw.kZ {kerk] ÅtkZ vkSj
tq>k#iu] çlaxkuqdwy 'kCnksa dk [kqyk p;u] viuh iwjh fofo/krk ds lkFk ijlkbZ
ds ;gk¡ feysxkA vU; fuca/kdkjksa ls fHkUurk dk çeq[k dkj.k gS] ijlkbZ th dh
Hkk"kk&'kSyh ij O;aX;kRedrk dk vR;f/kd nckoA bls vki mudh Hkk"kk&'kSyh dh
vyx&vyx fo'ks"krkvksa ds foospu&fo'ys"k.k esa vklkuh ls le> ldrs gSaA
gfj'kadj ijlkbZ dh 'kSyh ij fopkj djus ds fy, vkidks Hkko ç/kku vkSj fopkj
ç/kku rFkk O;fäfu"B vkSj fo"k;fu"B tSlh fuca/k dh dksfV;ksa ;k Jsf.k;ksa dks NksM+uk
iM+sxkA
blds lkFk gh fuca/k ds fy, çpfyr HkkokRed] o.kZukRed vkSj foospukRed 'kSyh
tSlh 'kSyhxr lhekvksa ds ca/kuksa ls Hkh eqfä çkIr djuh gksxhA ijlkbZ ds fuca/kksa
dks vxj fdlh 'kSyh ds varxZr lekfo"V djuk gS rks mls O;aX;kRed 'kSyh ekuk
tk ldrk gSA o.kZu&fooj.k] Hkkokos'k vkSj O;k[;k & rhuksa ls os vius dks cpkrs
gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, fuca/k dh vkjafHkd iafä;k¡ ns[ksa & ôS".ko djksM+ifr gSA
Hkxoku fo".kq dk eafnjA tk;nkn yxh gSA Hkxoku lwn[kksjh djrs gSaA C;kt ls dtZ
nsrs gSaA^ VwVs&QwVs v/kwjs okD;] dgha drkZ xk;c rks dgha fØ;k unkjnA vkxs blh
[kaM dh bdkbZ 4 esa ^thus dh dyk^ 'kh"kZd egknsoh oekZ ds fuca/k esa vkidks ,slk 49
v/kwjkiu ugha feysxk ysfdu ijlkbZ th dh 'kSyh dk ;g v/kwjkiu gh mudh
O;aX;kRed 'kSyh dh çeq[k 'kfä cu tkrk gSA
ijlkbZ dh O;aX;kRed 'kSyh dh viuh futh fo'ks"krk gS] tks dchj ls vf/kd feyrh
gSA os dchj dh Hkk¡fr vius O;aX; okD;ksa dk ç;ksx fouksn ds fy, ugha] oju~ 'k=q
dks fryfeyk nsus ds fy, djrs gSaA 'k=q Hkko ls fd, tkus okys O;aX;ksa esa os çk;%
fueZerk dk ifjp; nsrs gSa] ysfdu ,slh l/kh gqbZ 'kSyh esa fd O;aX; dk ik=
fryfeykdj Hkh pw¡ ;k gk; u dj ldsA vkids xgu v/;;u ds fy, fu/kkZfjr bl
fuca/k esa ijlkbZ dk lkjk vkØks'k rFkkdfFkr fo".kqHkä O;olkf;;ksa ij gh gS] ysfdu
;gk¡ vkØks'k fo".kq dks vk/kkj cukus ds dkj.k ijks{k gks x;k gSA ijlkbZ us 'k=q&Hkko
ls O;aX; çgkj ds lkFk gh fe=&Hkko ls Hkh O;aX; fd;k gSA lk/kkj.k
'kksf"kr&mRihfMr turk Hkh viuh :f<+okfnrk] va/kfo'okl vkSj vKku ds dkj.k
muds O;aX; dk y{; cuh gSA ysfdu ,sls çlaxksa esa os iwjh lgkuqHkwfr ds lkFk
fe=&Hkko ls O;aX; djrs gSaA bl çdkj ijlkbZ dh O;aX;&'kSyh dh vU;kU;
fo'ks"krkvksa esa ls ,d fo'ks"krk ;g Hkh gS fd mlds ç;ksx esa 'k=q vkSj fe= ds chp
QdZ dks ges'kk /;ku esa j[kk x;k gSA bl 'kSyh ds ç;ksx ls muds O;aX;ksa dh
lksn~ns';rk rh[kh vkSj lkFkZd cu xbZ gSA bl laxzg ds vius ^dchj lekjksg D;ksa
ugha* 'kh"kZd fuca/k esa mUgksaus nfyrksa dks Hkh mudh v/kksxfr dk dkj.k crkrs gq,
fy[kk gS] ßeSaus jkedFkk vkSj jkeyhyk esa Lo;a 'kwæksa dks vius ihM+u ds çlax ij
^gjsue%^ djds xnxn gksrs ns[kk gSA ftEesnkjh gekjh gSA geus 'kwæksa dks nck;k gSA
mls f'k{kk vkSj laL—fr ls oafpr djds vkt Hkh mls e/; ;qx dh gkyr esa j[kk
gSAß ¼i`-111½ bl laca/k esa nfryksa dh leL;k ds lek/kku ds fy, mUgksaus ljdkjh
ç;kl dh vi;kZIrrk ij O;aX; djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd Þexj ;kn jgs] txthou jke
dks mek'kadj nhf{kr ds lkFk ,d fMuj f[kykus ls dksbZ lkekftd ifjorZu ugha gks
ldrkAß ¼i`-120½ ôS".ko dh fQlyu fuca/k esa gh os O;kolkf;;ksa ds dkys dkjukes
dks mtkxj djus ds fy, xka/kh ds lkFk gh lksejl vkSj lkeosn] Ñ".kyhyk]
ç—fr&iq#"k laca/k vkfn ds ikSjkf.kd çlaxksa ds voljoknh ç;ksx dh lhekvksa dks
js[kkafdr djrs gSaA bl çdkj O;aX; ç;ksxksa ds fy, os çR;{k vkSj ijks{k nksuksa
i)fr;ksa dk lgkjk ysrs gSaA
bl bdkbZ dh çLrkouk esa geus la{ksi esa ijlkbZ th }kjk ç;qä O;aX; ds çeq[k
rsojksa ij fopkj fd;k gSA ;gk¡ dqN foLrkj ls mUgsa iqu% nqgjk nsuk vkids fy,
mi;ksxh gksxkA ijlkbZ dks cM+k O;aX;dkj blfy, ekuk tkrk gS] D;ksafd mUgksaus
O;aX; dks ,d ubZ igpku nh gSA mUgksaus lkFkZd O;aX; dh jpuk gh ugha dh gS]
oju~ gesa og foosd Hkh fn;k gS] ftlls ge O;aX; ds uke ij çpfyr QwgM+rk ls
lkFkZd vkSj LoLFk O;aX; dks vyx dj ldsaA mUgksaus gkL; ,oa fouksn dh lhekvksa
esa ca/ks O;aX; dks eqä dj mls ,d egku vkSj xaHkhj lkekftd y{; ls tksM+ fn;k
gSA volj ds vuqdwy O;aX; ds ftrus Hkh rsoj gSa] mu lHkh dk lgkjk ijlkbZ th
us lko/kkuhiwoZd fy;k gSA dHkh os vius O;aX; ck.kksa ls çfri{kh dh /kfTt;k¡ mM+k
nsrs gSa] rks dHkh dsoy fpdksVh dkVdj jg tkrs gSa] dHkh jl ysrs gq, muds <ksax
vkSj diV dks m?kkM+rs gSa] rks dHkh e[kkSy mM+kdj jg tkrs gSa] dHkh ehBh Nqjh ls
mUgsa jsrrs gSa] rks dHkh ljsvke uaxk dj nsus ls Hkh ugha pwdrsA bl çfØ;k esa os
dgha Hkh mn~n.Mrk ;k vHkærk dk ifjp; ugha nsrAs lkekftd ifjorZu ds egku
50
mn~n's ; ls çsfjr gksus ds dkj.k mUgksaus O;aX; dh varoZLrq ds lkFk gh mlds f'kYi
dks Hkh le`) fd;k gSA os ,d cM+s O;aX;dkj ds :i esa gekjs lkeus vkrs gSaA
lajpuk&f'kYi ij fopkj djrs gq, geus vkjaHk esa gh fuca/k dh ijaijkxr Hkk"kk ls
ijlkbZ dh Hkk"kk ds varj dh vksj vkidk /;ku vk—"V fd;k gSA oLrqr% fopkj
vkSj fparu dh vfHkO;fä ds ncko ds dkj.k gh x|&Hkk"kk dk mn~Hko vkSj fodkl
gqvk rFkk lkfgfR;d fo/kk ds :i esa lcls igys fuca/k vfLrRo esa vk;kA fuca/kksa ds
ek/;e ls gh viuh fopkj/kkjk vkSj vius fparu dks dq'kyrk&iwoZd O;ä fd;k tk
ldrk gSA vr% x| vkSj fuca/k dk xgjk laca/k vkjaHk ls gh jgk gSA fuca/k ds fy,
O;kdj.k lEer vkSj lqO;ofLFkr x| dh vko';drk igys ls gh] eglwl dh tk
jgh FkhA blhfy, vkpk;Z jkepaæ 'kqDy us fuca/k dks x| dh dlkSVh ds :i esa
Lohdkj fd;k FkkA ysfdu ijlkbZ th us fuca/k dh Hkk"kk dh n`f"V ls Hkh viuh
vyx igpku cukbZ gSA muds O;aX;dkj O;fäRo dk vD[kM+iu mudh Hkk"kk esa Hkh
feyrk gSA blds lkFk gh Hkk"kk dh y{k.kk vkSj O;atuk 'kfä;ksa dh ij[k Hkh mUgsa
Hkk"kk dk ikj[kh fl) djrh gSA Hkk"kk ds rRle] rn~Hko vkSj ns'kt Lo:i ds
pDdj esa os vf/kd ugha iM+s gSaA O;kdj.k lEer ifjfuf"Br Hkk"kk dk vkxzg Hkh
mudh jpukvksa esa ugha feyrkA cksy&pky ds O;kogkfjd :i dks gh mUgksaus viuk
vkn'kZ cuk;k gSA vr% fganh ds rRle&rn~Hko 'kCnksa ds lkFk gh mUgksaus mnwZ] vaxzsth
ds 'kCnksa dk Hkh çlax ,oa volj ds vuqdwy ç;ksx fd;k gSA
çLrqr fuca/k ds lanHkZ esa ns[ksa rks fo"k; ds ncko ds dkj.k lwn[kksjh] dtZ] ofYn;r]
equhe tSls mnwZ 'kCnksa ds lkFk CySd] ckFk:e] ykaMªh] y‚u] Vsjsl xkMZu]
,DthD;wfVo] vQlj] ukuost] LVkfdLV] ckj] dScjs] cs;jk vkfn vaxzsth 'kCnksa ds
lkFk gh] oS".ko] vk'khokZn] /keZladV] 'kkdkgkj] /kekZRek] ureLrd] lk"Vkax] 'kq)
vkRek] lksejl] —".kkorkj] phjgj.k vkfn laL—rfu"B rRle 'kCnksa dk [kqydj
ç;ksx gqvk gSA ckotwn blds çLrqr fuca/k dh Hkk"kk dk eq[; rsoj cksypky dh
Hkk"kk dk gh gSA ysfdu bl fuca/k dh Hkk"kk dh tks okLrfod {kerk gS] og
fufgrkFkksaZ] foijhr y{k.k] lkadsfrdrk vkfn }kjk çdV gqbZ gSA bUgha ds ek/;e ls
O;aX;dkj us vius y{; dks dq'kyrkiwoZd /ofur djk;k gSA bls fofHkUu mnkgj.kksa
ds ek/;e ls vki vklkuh ls le> ldrs gSaA
ßcSBd esa vkdj /keZ dks /ka/ks ls tksM+rs gSaA /keZ /ka/ks ls tqM+ tk,] blh dks ^;ksx*
dgrs gSaAÞÞdtZ ysus okys vkrs gSa rks Hkxoku ds equhe gks tkrs gSaAß Þlc çHkq dh
bPNk ls gks jgk gSA muds çHkq Hkh 'kk;n nks uEcjh gSaAß ÞoS".ko dh fo'kq) vkRek ls
vkokt vk;hA ^êw[kZ] —".kkorkj esa eSaus xksfi;ksa dks upk;k Fkk] mudk phj&gj.k
fd;k FkkA** bu okD;ksa] okD;ka'kksa vkSj inksa ls tks fufgrkFkZ ¼fNik gqvk vFkZ½ /ofur
gksrk gS] og O;aX;&dkS'ky esa vR;f/kd o`f) djrk gSA vr% f'kYi&lajpuk vFkkZr~
'kSyh vkSj Hkk"kk nksuksa gh –f"V;ksa ls ;g fuca/k vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSA
fdlh&jpuk dk 'kh"kZd fdlh çeq[k ?kVuk] pfj= vFkok fo'ks"k fLFkfr ls tqM+k gksuk
pkfg,A ysfdu fuca/k dk 'kh"kZd çk;% mldh fo"k;oLrq ls tqM+k gksrk gSA ôS".ko dh
51
fQlyu^ tgk¡ ,d vksj fuca/k dh varoZLrq dks ladsfrr djrk gS] ogha nwljh vksj
mlds çfrik| dks Hkh O;aftr djrk gSA blesa ç;qä ^fQlyu^ 'kCn yxkrkj oS".ko
Hkä ds fQlyrs jgus] ,d&,d lh<+h uhps fxjrs tkus ;k fujarj ifrr gksrs tkus
dk Hkko fy, gq, gSA og lwn[kksjh ds diViw.kZ O;olk; ls dkyk cktkjh dh vksj
vxzlj gksrk gSA vdwr dkyk /ku bdëk gks tkus ls fpafrr gksdj og mls lQsn
;k ,d uacj dk cukus ds fy, gksVy O;olk; dk lgkjk ysrk gSA bl O;olk; esa
gksVy esa Bgjus okyksa ds dejs dk fdjk;k] [kku&iku ij gksus okys [kpZ dk
ckdk;ns fglkc&fdrkc j[kuk iM+rk gSA vr% ;gk¡ dkyk /ku ;k uEcj nks ds /ku
ds fy, vodk'k de gks tkrk gSA
gksVy esa 'kq) 'kkdkgkjh Hkkstu dh O;oLFkk ls Bgjus okys cM+s yksxksa dh vlqfo/kk
dks nwj djus ds fy, mls dbZ dk;Z ,sls djus iM+rs gSa] tks gksVy O;olk; dks
vf/kd ykHknk;d cukus ds fy, t:jh gSaA bl çfØ;k esa mls igys ekalkgkj dh
O;oLFkk djuh iM+rh gSA ftlds fy, 'kjkc dh O;oLFkk t:jh gks tkrh gSA vkSj
vkxs c<+us ij gksVy esa ^dScjs* ¼fL=;ksa ds v/kZ&uXu u`R;½ dh Hkh O;oLFkk djuh
iM+rh gSA vius O;olk; dks vkSj vf/kd pedkus ds fy, ukjh O;olk; ds Lrj
rd mls fxjuk iM+rk gS] tks vius vki esa dkyk /ka/kk ;k uEcj nks dk /ka/kk gSA
bl rjg mls yxkrkj uhps fxjrs gq, varr% iqu% lwn[kksjh vkSj dkyk cktkjh tSls
uEcj nks ds /ka/ks rd mrjuk iM+rk gSA ;gh oS".ko dh fQlyu gSA ;g 'kh"kZd
fuca/k dh varoZLrq vkSj çfrik| dks iwjh rjg js[kkafdr djrk gSA 'kh"kZd esa
O;aX;kRedrk dk lekos'k gksus ds dkj.k og iw.kZ :i ls lkFkZd cu x;k gSA
fuca/k dh varoZLrq vkSj mlds 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk ds ifjp; ds ek/;e ls vkius

fuca/k ds çfrik| ds laca/k esa vc rd i;kZIr ladsr çkIr dj fy, gSaA çfrik| ls
vfHkçk; ;g gS fd ijlkbZ th us blesa D;k çfrikfnr djuk ;k crkuk pkgk gS
vkSj D;ksa crkuk pkgk gSA vr% çfrik| ds varxZr ,d vkxzg ;k vuqjks/k Hkh vk
tkrk gS] tks ys[kd }kjk ikBdksa ds fy, çsjd ds :i esa çLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA
çLrqr fuca/k esa gfj'kadj ijlkbZ dk y{; dsoy lwn[kksjh] dkyk cktkjh vkSj gksVy
O;olk; esa c<+ jgs Hkz"Vkpkj ls ifjfpr djkuk ek= ugha gSA os yksHk&ykHk ij
vk/kkfjr lEiw.kZ O;olkf;drk dh fo—fr;ksa vkSj mlds lektfojks/kh Lo:i dks
O;aX; ds ek/;e ls mn~?kkfVr djrs gq, ikBd dks tkx:d cukdj lko/kku Hkh
djrs gSaA bl çfØ;k esa os ikBd ds vanj bu lkekftd cqjkb;ksa ds çfrdkj ;k
çfrjks/k dh Hkkouk Hkh iSnk djrs gSaA ijlkbZ us vius lEiw.kZ lkfgR; ds ek/;e ls
lekt ds gj {ks= esa O;kIr fo—fr;ksa dh cf[k;k m?kkM+rs gq, mlds çfrdkj dh
vko';drk dks Hkh js[kkafdr fd;k gSA bls mudh çeq[k fo'ks"krk ekuk tk ldrk
gSA bl fuca/k esa mudk y{; fofHkUu O;olk;ksa esa iuius okys Hkz"Vkpkj ds fo#)
la?k"kZ dk vkg~oku gSA /keZ dh vkM+ esa gksus okys Hkz"Vkpkj lekt ds fy, vkSj
vf/kd ?kkrd gks tkrs gSa] bl okLrfodrk dk mn~?kkVu leL;k ds lek/kku dh
,d egRoiw.kZ eafty gSA D;ksafd /kkfeZd Hkkouk ls lapkfyr ikBd /keZ ds nq#i;ksx
ds çfr lko/kku jg dj gh vius lkekftd nkf;Ro dks lgh <ax ls iwjk dj
ldrk gSA /keZ ;k Hkfä Hkkouk vius vki esa dksbZ vPNh ;k cqjh pht ugha gSA
mldh vPNkbZ&cqjkbZ mlds lkekftd O;ogkj ij fuHkZj djrh gSA vr% /keZ tc
52
lkekftd Hkz"Vkpkj ds fy, vksV cu tk,] mls c<+kok nsus yxs rks og fu'p; gh
R;kT; cu tkrk gSA O;kolkf;d Hkz"Vrk ds lkFk gh /keZ fo"k;d mi;qZä lans'k Hkh
ys[kd us bl fuca/k ds ek/;e ls ikBd ds lkeus çLrqr fd;k gSA
cks/k ç'u
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj dks"Bdksa esa nsa vkSj vius mÙkj bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x,
mÙkjksa ls feykdj tk¡psa &
10½ ôS".ko dh fQlyu^ fuca/k fdl 'kSyh esa fy[kk x;k gS\
d½ HkkokRed 'kSyh
[k½ O;aX;kRed 'kSyh
x½ o.kZukRed 'kSyh
?k½ O;k[;kRed 'kSyh ¼ ½
11½ bl fuca/k esa fdl çdkj dh 'kCnkoyh dh ç/kkurk gS\
d½ ns'kt 'kCnkoyh
[k½ mnwZ 'kCnkoyh
x½ rRle 'kCnkoyh
?k½ cksy&pky dh fefJr 'kCnkoyh ¼ ½
12½ ijlkbZ ds fuca/kksa esa muds O;fäRo dk dkSu&lk :i lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ gS\
d½ le>kSrkoknh
[k½ Økafrdjh
x½ ;Fkk fLFkfroknh
?k½ lq/kkjoknh ¼ ½
13½ ôS".ko dh fQlyu* 'kh"kZd dk çeq[k vk/kkj D;k gS\
d½ çeq[k pfj=
[k½ eq[; ?kVuk
x½ çfrik|
?k½ fo'ks"k fLFkfr ¼ ½
14½ ijlkbZ dh O;aX;kRed jpukvksa esa çfrik| ;k mn~ns'; dh –f"V ls fuEufyf[kr
fo'ks"krk,¡ O;ä gqbZ gSa] ysfdu buesa ls ,d fo'ks"krk ,slh gS] tks mudh
jpukvksa esa ugha feyrhA crkb, fd og dkSu&lh fo'ks"krk gS\
d½ Hkz"Vkpkj dk inkZQk'k djukA
53
[k½ vU;k; dk fojks/k djukA
x½ euksjatu djukA
?k½ tkx:d vkSj lko/kku djukA
vH;kl
uhps fn, x, ç'uksa dk laf{kIr mÙkj nsa vkSj mÙkj dks var esa fn, x, mÙkj ls
feykdj tk¡paAs
2½ ijlkbZth dh O;aX;kRed 'kSyh laca/kh fo'ks"krkvksa dks ik¡p iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsaA
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3½ bl fuca/k esa /keZ ds nq#i;ksx dks fdl çdkj O;ä fd;k x;k gS\ mÙkj lkr
iafä;ksa esa nsaA
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4½ bl fuca/k ds çfrik| dks nl iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsaA
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bl bdkbZ dk v/;;u vkius dj fy;k gSA vc vki fuEufyf[kr rF;ksa dks

le>dj crk ldrs gSa vkSj viuh Hkk"kk esa fy[k ldrs gSa %
• bl bdkbZ dks i<+us ds ckn vki ijlkbZ ds thou vkSj muds lkfgfR;d egRo
54 dks viuh Hkk"kk esa fy[k ldrs gSaA
• bl fuca/k ds dF; ;k mldh varoZLrq dks le> vkSj crk ldrs gSaA
• bl fuca/k esa fpf=r oS".ko ds oxhZ; pfj= dh okLrfodrk ls ifjfpr gksdj
mls Lo;a foosfpr dj ldrs gSaA
• ijlkbZ }kjk ç;qä O;aX; dh lkekftd mi;ksfxrk dks le> vkSj fy[k ldrs
gSaA
• bl fuca/k esa O;aX;kRed 'kSyh vkSj cksy&pky dh O;kogkfjd Hkk"kk dk ç;ksx
gqvk gSA bls i<+dj vki ijlkbZ th dh Hkk"kk 'kSyh dh lHkh fo'ks"krkvksa dk
dq'kyrkiwoZd fo'ys"k.k dj ldrs gSaA
• fuca/k ds fy, ç;qä 'kh"kZd O;aX;kRed gksus ds lkFk gh mldh varoZLrq vkSj
çfrik| ls tqM+dj vR;ar lkFkZd gks x;k gSA bls i<+dj vki 'kh"kZd laca/kh
fo'ks"krkvksa ij Hkh lQyrkiwodZ çdk'k Mky ldrs gSaA
• ijlkbZ th dk –f"Vdks.k okeiaFkh psruk ls çHkkfor gksus ds dkj.k yksdksUeq[kh
vkSj lektfu"B gSA muds bl –f"Vdks.k ds vk/kkj ij vki bl fuca/k ds
çfrik| dk vPNh rjg fo'ys"k.k dj ldrs gSaA
• lEiw.kZ bdkbZ dk vPNh rjg v/;;u djus ds ckn vki bl fuca/k ls lac)
fdlh Hkh ç'u dk leqfpr mÙkj ns ldrs gSaA
M‚-lat; 'kekZ % O;aX;dkj gfj'kadj ijlkbZ dh lkekftd çfrc)rk] bZ'kku

ifCyds'kal] 2] gjoa'k dkVst] f'keykA
M‚-deyk çlkn % vk¡f[ku ns[kh] ok.kh çdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh&2A
Jh eksgj nsofy;k % gfj'kadj ijlkbZ % O;fäRo ,oa —frRo] lkfgR; ok.kh]
bykgkcknA
Jh jk/kk eksgu 'kekZ % gfj'kadj ijlkbZ % O;aX; dh oSpkfjd i`"BHkwfe] Hkwfedk
çdk'ku] nfj;kaxt] ubZ fnYyh&2A
1½ x
2½ x
3½ [k
4½ [k
5½ ?k
6½ x
7½ x
8½ x 55
9½ [k
10½ [k
11½ ?k
12½ [k
13½ x
14½ x
vH;kl
1½ nksuksa O;k[;kvksa dks ns[kdj O;k[;k Lo;a djsaA
2½ gfj'kadj ijlkbZ dHkh ijks{k :i ls rks dHkh çR;{k :i ls lektO;kih
Hkz"Vkpkj dk inkZQk'k djrs gSaA bl çfØ;k esa os dHkh fojksf/k;ksa dh /kfTt;k¡
mM+krs gSa rks dHkh e[kkSy djds gh jg tkrs gSaA vko';d gksus ij os fueZe
çgkj Hkh djrs gSaA Hkz"Vkpkj esa vkdaB eXu yksxksa dks ljsvke uaxk djus ls Hkh
os ugha pwdrsA mudk O;aX;&ç;ksx çk;% lkekftd fgr ls çsfjr gksrk gSA
3½ O;olkf;;ksa ds çfrfuf/k oS".ko Hkä us viuh lkjh tk;nkn fo".kq Hkxoku ds
eafnj ds uke dj nh gSA vius dks fo".kq dk lsod ekudj og lwn[kksjh]
dkykcktkjh vkfn muds uke ij djrk gSA gksVy esa ekalkgkj] efnjkiku] dScjs
u`R;] ;gk¡ rd fd ukjh&nsg ds O;kikj dk /ka/kk Hkh og fo".kq ds vkns'k ls gh
djrk gSA viuh lewph dekbZ dks og fo".kq dh —ik] mudh ethZ ls feyh gqbZ
fl) djrk gSA bl çdkj og /keZ dks /ka/ks ls tksM+dj mldk nq#i;ksx djrk
gSA
4½ ôS".ko dh fQlyu^ uked fuca/k dk çfrik| lwn[kksjksa] dkykcktkfj;ksa vkSj
fofHkUu O;olk;ksa esa yxs leqnk; }kjk /keZ dh vkM+ ysdj fd, tkus okys /ka/ks
ds çiap iw.kZ dk;ksaZ dk inkZQk'k djuk gSA lkekftd mRFkku ls çsfjr vius
bl dk;Z dks O;aX; ds ek/;e ls ijlkbZ tgk¡ ,d vksj yksHk&ykHk ij vk/kkfjr
fo—fr;ksa ds lektfojks/kh Lo:i dks mn~?kkfVr djrs gSa] ogha nwljh vksj ikBd
dks tkx:d cukrs gq, mlds çfrjks/k ds fy, dfVc) Hkh djrs gSaA dksbZ Hkh
pht vius vki esa vPNh ;k cqjh ugha gksrhA mldk lkekftd O;ogkj gh mls
vPNk ;k cqjk cukrk gSA viuh bl ekU;rk dks dsaæ esa j[kdj ijlkbZ us /keZ
vkSj O;kolkf;drk ds LokFkZ çsfjr xBtksM+ ds lekt fojks/kh Lo:i dk vR;ar
dykRed mn~?kkVu Hkh fd;k gSA
56
bdkbZ dh :ijs[kk
3-0 mn~ns';
3-1 çLrkouk
3-2 ,dkadh dk okpu
3-3 dFkklkj
3-4 dF; ;k varoZLrq
3-5 pfj=&fo/kku
3-6 ifjos'k
3-7 'kh"kZd
3-8 lajpuk&f'kYi
3-8-1 jaxeaph;rk
3-8-2 laokn&;kstuk
3-9 çfrik|
3-10 lkjka'k
3-12 cks/k ç'uks@
a vH;klksa ds mÙkj
bl bdkbZ esa ge fganh ds ,d egRoiw.kZ ukVddkj eksgu jkds'k ds ,dkadh ^cgqr

cM+k loky* dk v/;;u djus tk jgs gSaA bls i<+us ds ckn vki %
• ,d lkfgR;&fo/kk ds :i esa ,dkadh&fo/kk dh fo'ks"krkvksa dh tkudkjh çkIr
dj ldsax(s
• ,d ukVddkj vkSj ,dkadhdkj ds :i esa eksgu jkds'k ds egRo dks le> ldsaxs(
• ,dkadh ds dFkklkj vkSj mldh varoZLrq dh tkudkjh çkIr dj ldsax(s
• ,dkadh ds pfj=-fo/kku dh fo'ks"krk,¡ le> ldsax(s
• jpuk ds ;qxhu ifjos'k dks ys[kd dh viuh ekufldrk ds lanHkZ esa ân;axe
dj ldsax(s
• ,dkadh dh vfHkus;rk vkSj laokn&dkS'ky ds lanHkZ esa mlds jpuk&f'kYi dh
ckjhfd;ksa dks le> ldsaxs vkSj
• ,dkadh ds çfrik| dks le> ldsaxsA
vkius bdkbZ 1 esa ,d dgkuh vkSj bdkbZ 2 esa ,d O;aX;kRed fuca/k ds :i esa
lkfgR; dh nks x|&fo/kkvksa dk v/;;u fd;k gSA bl bdkbZ esa vki ,d ,dkadh
57
dk v/;;u djsaxsA miU;kl] dfork] fuca/k vkfn dk iwjk vkuan i<+dj ;k lqudj
fy;k ldrk gS] ysfdu ukVd dh Hkk¡fr ,dkadh dk okLrfod vkuan bls jaxeap ij
ns[k dj gh fy;k tk ldrk gSA x|&fo/kkvksa ds varxZr dgkuh vkSj miU;kl esa
tks varj gS] ,dkadh vkSj ukVd esa Hkh oSlk gh varj gSA ,d dgkuh dks tSls NksVk
miU;kl vkSj miU;kl dks ,d cM+h dgkuh ugha dgk tk ldrk] oSls gh ,d
,dkadh dks NksVk ukVd ;k ukVd dks cM+h ,dkadh ugha ekuk tk ldrkA vr%
dgkuh dh Hkk¡fr gh ,dkadh Hkh lkfgR; dh ,d vyx vkSj Lora= fo/kk gSA dgkuh
dh Hkk¡fr ,dkadh esa Hkh thou dh ,d ekfeZd ?kVuk] ,d ekfeZd –'; ;k ,d
egRoiw.kZ fLFkfr dh vfHkO;fä gksrh gSA ysfdu dgkuh vkSj ,dkadh dh
f'kYi&lajpuk esa i;kZIr varj gksrk gSA dgkuh esa tgk¡ dgkuhdkj ?kVukvksa dks ,d
nwljs ls tksM+us vkSj pfj=ksa ds fp=.k esa Lora= gksrk gS] ogk¡ ,dkadhdkj dks ,slh
Lora=rk ugha gksrhA og ik=ksa dh ikjLifjd ckrphr vkSj muds fØ;k dykiksa ds
ek/;e ls gh dFkk dks foLrkj nsrk gSA fdlh ik= ds pfj= ds fo"k; esa ;k jpuk
ds mn~ns'; ds fo"k; esa mls viuh vksj ls dqN dgus dh NwV ugha gksrhA
QyLo:i jaxeaph;rk ,dkadh dk dgkuh ls fHkUu ,d egRoiw.kZ midj.k ;k rRo
ekuk tk ldrk gSA
,dkadh&fo/kk fganh x|&lkfgR; dh vis{kk—r ,d u;h fo/kk gSA oSls rks bldk
vkjaHk t;'kadj çlkn dh jpuk ^,d ?kw¡V* ls ekuk tk ldrk gSA ysfdu vkxs
pydj Hkqous'oj ds ^dkjok¡* vkSj M‚-jke dqekj oekZ ds ^js'keh VkbZ* ls bls ,d
u;h fn'kk feyhA lsB xksfoUn nkl] mn;'kadj Hkê] gfj—".k çseh vkfn us bls rhoz
xfr çnku dh vkSj vkxs pydj txnh'k paæ ekFkqj] fouksn jLrksxh] fo".kq çHkkdj
vkfn us bl fo/kk dks mUur cukus esa i;kZIr ;ksxnku fd;k gSA yksd ukVdksa dh
ijaijk dk lgkjk ysdj vc Hkh ,dkadh ds {ks= esa u;s&u;s ç;ksx fd, tk jgs gSaA
uqDdM+ksa&pkSjkgksa] xyh&dwpksa esa çLrqr fd;s tkus okys uqDdM+ ukVd bl –f"V ls
fo'ks"k mYys[kuh; gSaA
fganh dgkuh vkSj ukVî&jpuk ds {ks= esa ,d u;h miyfC/k dk cks/k djkus okys
egRoiw.kZ O;fäRo ds :i esa eksgu jkds'k dk ,sfrgkfld egRo gSA fganh dh u;h
dgkuh ds {ks= esa eksgu jkds'k nks&rhu pksVh ds dgkuhdkjksa esa fxus tkrs gSaA ^va/ksjs
can dejs^ tSlk miU;kl fy[kdj mUgksaus fganh miU;kl ds {ks= esa Hkh viuh vyx
igpku cukbZ gSA fganh ukVd ds {ks= esa] fo'ks"kr% mlds jaxeaph; f'kYi dh –f"V
ls mudk ^vk"kk<+ dk ,d fnu^] ^ygjksa ds jkt gal^ vkSj ^vk/ks&v/kwjs^ ukVd fo'ks"k
mYys[kuh; gSaA /ofu] Nk;k vkSj çdk'k dh rjaxksa dk vfHkuo ç;ksx dj mUgksaus
vius ukVdksa ds jaxeaph; dkS'ky dks vR;ar çHkko'kkyh cuk;k gSA viuh cgqeq[kh
çfrHkk dk ifjp; nsrs gq, mUgksaus ,dkadh jpuk ds {ks= esa Hkh leqfpr ;ksxnku
fd;k gSA bl –f"V ls ^vaMs ds fNyds^] ^flikgh dh ek¡^] ^VwVrh I;kfy;k¡^] ^jkr
chrus rd^] ^mldh jksVh^] ^Nrfj;k¡^ vkfn ds lkFk gh ^cgqr cM+k loky^ ,dkadh
fo'ks"k :i ls mYys[kuh; gSA
bl bdkbZ esa vki eksgu jkds'k ds ,dkadh ^cgqr cM+k loky^ dk v/;;u djus tk
jgs gSaA eksgu jkds'k dk tUe iatkc ds ve`rlj 'kgj esa 1925 esa ,d lk/kkj.k
e/;oxhZ; ifjokj esa gqvk FkkA viuh f'k{kk lekfIr ds ckn bUgksaus dqN o"kksaZ rd
dbZ ukSdfj;k¡ djrs&NksM+rs gq, varr% Lora= ys[ku dks gh vius thou&;kiu dk
58 y{; cuk;kA fnlacj] 1972 esa ân;&xfr #d tkus ds dkj.k fnYyh esa mudk
LoxZokl gqvkA vius ^vk"kk<+ dk ,d fnu* rFkk ^ygjksa ds jkt gal^ esa eksgu jkds'k
us ,sfrgkfld&ikSjkf.kd dFkk dks vk/kkj cukdj orZeku ;qx ds ukjh&iq#"k laca/kksa
ds tfVy ;FkkFkZ dks vk/kqfudrkoknh Hkkocks/k ds lanHkZ esa O;ä djus dk ç;kl
fd;k gSA muds rhljs egRoiw.kZ ukVd ^vk/ks&v/kwjs^ esa ,d mPp e/;oxhZ; ifjokj
ds fuEu e/;oxhZ; ifjokj esa Øe'k% cnyus dh grk'kkiw.kZ euksn'kkvksa dk fp=.k
fd;k x;k gSA ;s rhuksa gh ukVd jaxeaph; f'kYi dh –f"V ls vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSaA
^cgqr cM+k loky^ 'kh"kZd ,dkadh fuEu osruHkksxh ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ¼Ldwy
v/;kidksa½ dh ekufldrk dks mn~?kkfVr djus ds mn~ns'; ls fy[kk x;k gS] ftldk
ewy ikB vkids xgu v/;;u ds fy, vkxs çLrqr fd;k tk jgk gSA
,dkadh % cgqr cM+k loky

eksgu jkds'k
ik=
jke Hkjksls
';ke Hkjksls
'kekZ
diwj
euksjek
larks"k
xqjçhr
çseçdk'k
nhun;ky
jes'k
eksgu
lR;iky
LFkku % ,d Ldwy dk dejk] ftls CySd cksMZ dksus esa gVk dj ehfVax ds fy,
rS;kj dj fy;k x;k gSA ekLVj dh dqjlh&est v/;{k ds fy, gS vkSj cPpksa ds
MsLd 'ks"k lnL;ksa ds fy,A ihNs nhokj ij lalkj dk cgqr cM+k ekufp= yVd jgk
gSA vkus&tkus ds fy, nksuksa rjQ njokts gSaA
ijnk mBus ij jke Hkjksls vkSj ';ke Hkjksls MsLdksa ls /kwy >kM+ jgs gSaA
';ke Hkjksls % ¼gkFk jksddj½ jke Hkjksls!
% jke Hkjksls fcuk lqus /kwy >kM+rk jgrk gSA ,s jke Hkjksls!
jke Hkjksls % ¼fcuk gkFk jksds½ D;k gS\
';ke Hkjksls % bruh /kwy D;ksa mM+krk gS\ vkfgLrk ls ugha >kM+k tkrk\
jkst&jkst dh /kwy ls QsQM+s igys gh [kk;s gq;s gSaA
59
jke Hkjksls % rks jksrk D;ksa gS\ tku ik¡p cjl esa ugha tk;sxh] pkj cjl
esa pyh tk;sxhA
';ke Hkjksls % rw viuh tku pkgs ik¡p cjl esa ns] pkgs ,d cjl esaA ij
esjh tku vHkh jgus nsA
jke Hkjksls % llqj jkst& + jkst+ ;s ehfVax gksaxh] rks fdldh tku jgsxh\
vkt ,d dk tue&fnol gksdj fudyrk gS] rks dy nwljs
dk eju&fnol vk tkrk gSA tuesa&ejsa ;s] /kwy [kk;sa jke
Hkjksls] ';ke HkjkslsA ¼tksj ls >kM+rk gqvk½ lcsjs fudkyks]
rks 'kke dks pyh vkrh gSA 'kke dks fudkyh] rks lcsjk ugha
gksus nsrhA
';ke Hkjksls % vkt Hkh fdlh dk tue&fnol gS D;k\
jke Hkjksls % irk ugha] dkSu fnol gS\ viuk eju&fnol gSA
<hys&<kys <ax ls Qkby gkFk esa fy;s 'kekZ ckgj ls vkrk
gSA
'kekZ % ¼vius&vki cM+cM+rk gqvk½ vHkh rd dksbZ ugha gS ;gk¡!
jke Hkjksls % ¼gkFk jksddj½ dksbZ Hkh ugha gS] ekus\
'kekZ % ekus] tks vkus okys Fks] muesa ls dksbZ HkhA yksx le>rs gSa]
esjs cki ds ?kj dk dke gSA tSls eq>s ru[okg feyrh gS
bldhA dksbZ ,d vkneh oä ls ugha vkrkA
jke Hkjksls % lkgc] vkt fdlh dh lkyfxjg gS ;gk¡ ij\
'kekZ % esjs >[k ekjus dh lkyfxjg gSA rqe yksxksa ls vHkh rd
MsLd lkQ ugha gq,\
jke Hkjksls % ns[k jgs gks] dj gh jgs gSaA
'kekZ % lk<+s ik¡p ehfVax 'kq: gksuh Fkh vkSj ikSus Ng ct pqds gSaA
yksx nsj ls vk;sa] rqe yksxksa dks rks txg oä ls rS;kj dj
nsuh pkfg,A
jke Hkjksls % ,d ?kM+h fnyk nks] lkgc! rc ge oä ls lc dke dj
ldrs gSaA gesa D;k ekywe] dc ik¡p ctrk gS] dc lk<+s
ik¡p\
'kekZ % Ldwy esa oä ls ?kaVh ugha ctkrs\
';ke Hkjksls % lqijhMsaV dh Mk¡V lqudj ctkrs gSaA ?kM+h rks Ldwy dh dc
ls [kjkc iM+h gSA
jke Hkjksls % vki yksxksa ds gkFk ij yxh jgrh gS] fQj Hkh nsj dj tkrs
gksA gekjh rks dksbZ ckr gh ugha gSA
';ke Hkjksls % vkSj tYnh dj nsa] rks Mk¡V iM+rh gS fd tYnh D;ksa fd;k]
fQj ls /kwy Hkj x;hA tYnh u djsa] rks Mk¡V iM+rh gS fd
tYnh D;ksa ugha fd;k] Vkbe cjckn gks jgk gSA
60
jke Hkjksls % dksbZ tknw rks tkurs ughaA gkFk ls dke djrs gSa] lks dj
jgs gSaA
'kekZ % cd&cd er djks] dke djksA vHkh fdruk dke ckdh gS\
jke Hkjksls % Dykl lkjh >kM+ nh gSA ekLVj dh dqjlh ckdh gSA
tkdj ml dqjlh&est dks lkQ djus yxrk gSA
% yks gks x;h ;g HkhA vkSj crk nks tks >kM+uk gksA
';ke Hkjksls % CySd cksMZ rks ugha pkfg,\
'kekZ % ughaA ij nksuksa vkneh dgha tkuk ughaA ;gha njokts ds
ikl cSBukA irk ugha] fdl dke ds fy, t:jr iM+ tk;sA
vkxs dh MsLd ij cSBus yxrk gS] ij lglk mB tkrk gSA
% ;g lQkbZ dh gS\ ns[kks] fdruh /kwy teh gS ;gk¡! lQkbZ
bl rjg ls dh tkrh gS\
jke Hkjksls % D;k irk lkgc] fdl rjg ls dh tkrh gSA fdlh Ldwy ls
bl dke dh i<+kbZ rks i<+s ugha gSaA
';ke Hkjksls % lqijhMsaV dgrk gS] lh/kk >kM+u ekjks] lks lh/kk ekj nsrs gSaA
vki dksbZ rjhdk crkvks] rks oSls dj nsrs gSaA
'kekZ % ukulsal! vc tSlk gqvk gS] jgus nksA
';ke Hkjksls % jgus nks] rks jgus nsrs gSaA
'kekZ :eky ls lhV lkQ djds MsLd ij cSB tkrk gSA
'kekZ % tkvks] ckgj cSBks vcA
';ke Hkjksls % D;ksa lkgc] ehfVax cj[kkLr dc gksxh\
'kekZ % D;k irk] dc gksxh] rqEgsa D;k djuk gS\
';ke Hkjksls % dejs dks rkyk ugha yxkuk gS\ rkyk yxsxk] Hkh rks ;gk¡ ls
tk ik;saxsA ugha rks lqijhMsaV dy gekjh tku dks
vk;sxkA
og vkSj jke Hkjksls nksuksa nk;ha rjQ ds njokts ds ckgj
tkdj cSBrs gSaA jke Hkjksls gkFk ij lqjrh eyus yxrk gSA
';ke Hkjksls Å¡?kus dh eqæk esa Vsd yxk ysrk gSA euksjek]
larks"k vkSj xqjçhr mlh njokts ls vkrh gSaA jke Hkjksls
vk¡[ksa mBkdj fp<+s gq, Hkko ls mUgsa vkrs ns[krk gSA
euksjek % D;k ckr gS] 'kekZ\ igjk D;ksa fcBk j[kk gS ckgj\ ehfVax esa
ekj&/kkM+ rks ugha gksus okyh gS\
'kekZ % ¼mBrk gqvk½ lk<+s ik¡p gks x;s vki yksxksa ds\
euksjek % vHkh dksbZ Hkh rks ugha vk;k] flok; gekjsA
'kekZ % lk<+s Ng rd vkjke ls vk;saxs yksxA oä dh ikcanh rks
flQZ ,d vkneh ij gSA D;ksafd og dec[r lsØVs jh gSA 61
larks"k % eSaus blhfy, viuk uke okil ys fy;k FkkA eq¶r dh
flj&nnhZA
euksjek % rw us blhfy, uke okil ys fy;k Fkk fd 'kekZ ds f[kykQ
rq>s rhu oksV Hkh u feyrs! voj 'kekZ bt xzsVA
larks"k % ykax fyo 'kekZ!
euksjek % ¼xqjçhr ls½ rw bruh xqipqi D;ksa gS\
xqjçhr % 'kekZ ds lkeus ;g ges'kk xqipqi gks tkrh gSA
xqjçhr % Iyht! diwj eqLdjkrk gqvk ck;ha rjQ ds njokts ls vkrk
gSA
diwj % okg] okg!
euksjek % okg] okg!
diwj % vki fdl pht dh nkn ns jgh gSa\
euksjek % vkidh okg&okg dhA
diwj % eSa rks bl ckr ij okg&okg dj jgk Fkk fd 'kekZ rhu&rhu
ysMht+ ls f?kjk gSA lsØsVjh gksus ds ;s ets gksrs gSaA
'kekZ % vkt ls rqe lsØsVjh gks tkvksA
euksjek % vkSj 'kekZ dks ps;jeSu cuk nhft,A
diwj % ps;jeSu er dfg,--- og dfg,---- D;k gksrk gS og----
vf/k&v{kA
larks"k % v/;{kA
diwj % vf/k&v{kA
larks"k % ¼tksj nsdj½ v/;{k
diwj % ¼tksj nsdj½ vf/k&v{kA og rqEgkjk vf/k&v{k vHkh rd ugha
vk;k] 'kekZ\
'kekZ % rqEgha dkSu oDr ls vk x;s gks\
diwj % nl&chl feuV ysV] ysV ugha gksrkA vkSj fQj eSa rks
lk/kkj.k lnfl; gw¡
euksjek % lh/ks esEcj D;ksa ugha dg nsr\s lnfl;!
diwj % og y¶+t+ D;k gS oSls\
euksjek % lnL;A
diwj % lnfl;A
euksjek % ¼t+ksj nsdj½ lnL;A
diwj % ¼t+ksj nsdj½ lnfl;A eSa igys gh dgrk Fkk] bl vkneh dks
ps;jeSu ugha cukuk pkfg,A vkt Nqêh dk fnu gS] oSls Hkh
62
BaM gS] ?kj esa jtkbZ esa nqcddj lks jgk gksxkA l‚jh---- ?kj
es ugha gksxk] og gksxk vkt mlds ;gk¡----A
larks"k % fdlds ;gk¡\
xqjçhr % Iyht!
larks"k % uke rks tku ysus nsA
xqjçhr % Iyht! Iyht! Iyht!
diwj % xqjçhr th uke tkurh gSaA
larks"k % tkurh gS rw\
xqjçhr % eSa blhfy, vki yksxksa dh ehfVax esa ugha vkuk pkgrhA ;gk¡
dke rks dqN gksrk ugha] cl blh rjg dh ckrsa gksrh jgrh
gSaA
diwj % xqjçhr th dh lgsyh gS ogA
larks"k % vPNk ----og\
diwj % gk¡] ogh
larks"k % ;g dc ls\
diwj % dc ls\ nks lky ls rks eSa gh tkurk gw¡A
larks"k % ij og rks igys----A
diwj % vki cgqr iqjkuh ckr dj jgh gSaA yxrk gS] vki 'kgj esa
ugha jgrhaA
larks"k % ¼xqjçhr ls½ lp ckr gS ;g\
xqjçhr % ¼'kekZ ls½ eSa tku ldrh gw¡] ehfVax dc 'kq: gksxh\
diwj % de&vt+&de ps;jeSu rks vk tk;sA D;ksa 'kekZ] rc rd
,d&,d I;kyh pk; u ihyh tk;s\ BaM vkt okdbZ cgqr
gSA D;ksa] eukjsek th\
euksjek % vkbZ MksaV ekbaMA
diwj % jke Hkjksls!
jke Hkjksls % ¼lqjrh Qk¡d dj½ Qjekb,A
diwj % tk dj ykyk ls ,d lsV pk; ys vkA ik¡p I;kfy;k¡A
'kekZ % eSa ugha fiÅ¡xkA
xqjçhr % eSa Hkh ugha yw¡xhA
diwj % vkidks ysuh pkfg,A vkidh rch;r lqLr yx jgh gSA
xqjçhr % FkSaDlA eq>s bl oDr t:jr ugha gSA
diwj % jke Hkjksls] vk/kk lsV vkSj rhu I;kfy;k¡A
euksjek % 'kekZ ls Hkh rks nwljh ckj iwN ysrsA 63
diwj % D;ksa HkbZ] 'kekZ\
'kekZ % ;g ehfVax dk oDr gS] pk; ihus dk ughaA
diwj % jke Hkjksls! vk/kk lsV vkSj rhu I;kfy;k¡A
larks"k % lkFk FkksM+h ew¡xQyhA 'kekZ ew¡xQyh [kk;sxkA
diwj % iphl iSls dh ew¡xQyhA
'kekZ % eSa Bhd Ng cts ehfVax 'kq: dj nw¡xkA rqe yksx pk; ihrs
jgukA
jke Hkjksls lgt Hkko ls py dj 'kekZ ds ikl vk tkrk
gSA
jke Hkjksls % ¼'kekZ ls½ iSls vki nsaxs ;k----\
euksjek % diwj lkgc nsaxsA diwj tsc ls cVqok fudkydj ns[krk gSA
diwj % esjs ikl nl dk uksV gSA
euksjek % dksbZ ckr ugha] VwV tk;sxkA diwj jke Hkjksls dks uksV nsrk
gSA
diwj % psat fxu dj ykukA
jke Hkjksls % ¼tkrs&tkrs½ ftruh fxurh vkrh gS] mruk fxu dj ys
vk;saxAs
xqjçhr % eq>s vkt ehfVax gksrh ugha yxrhA
larks"k % vHkh rks dksje gh iwjk ugha gSA
diwj % D;ksa u ehfVax dSafly djds yksx dSaVhu esa pydj pk;
fi;s\a
'kekZ % ehfVax dSafly ugha gksxhA vkt dh Nqêh rks cjckn gqbZ gh
gS] fQj ,d vkSj Nqêh cjckn djuh iM+xs hA
euksjek % lsØsVjh ds eq¡g ls ,slh ckr vPNh ugha yxrhA
'kekZ % eSa rks blh oä R;kxi= nsus dks rS;kj gw¡A vki yksx eatwj
dj nhft,\
diwj % okg! frvkxirj dSls ns ldrs gks rqe\
larks"k % R;kxi=A
diwj % frvkxirjA
larks"k % ¼tksj nsdj½ R;kxi=A
diwj % ¼tksj nsdj½ frvkxirjA rqe frvkxirj ns nksxs] rks nwljk
lsØsVjh gesa dgk¡ feysxk\
euksjek % fg;j&fg;j! lsØsVjh 'kekZ ftankckn!
diwj % lcdh rjQ ls ftankckn!
64
'kekZ % ';ke Hkjksls!
larks"k % lks jgk gS ogA
'kekZ % ¼Å¡ps Loj esa½ ';ke Hkjksls!
';ke Hkjksls % lqu jgs gSa] lkgc! cksfy, rks\
'kekZ % rqels eSaus D;k dgk Fkk\
';ke Hkjksls % D;k dgk Fkk\
'kekZ % cSBus dks dgk FkkA
';ke Hkjksls % rks ge cSBs gh gSa] [kM+s rks ugha gSaA
'kekZ % ysfdu cSBs&cSBs Å¡?k jgs gksA
';ke Hkjksls % ekuql gSa] lkgc! jcM+ ds iqrjs ugha gSaA vk x;h gksxh Å¡?kA
dke crkb,A
'kekZ % jke Hkjksls pk; ykus x;k gSA
';ke Hkjksls % x;k gSA vkids lkeus x;k gSA
'kekZ % eSa Hkh dg jgk gw¡] x;k gSA rqe mlds ihNs pys tkvksA
cksyks] pk; ,dne tYnh vkuh pkfg,A
';ke Hkjksls % ¼mBrk gqvk½ cksy nsrs gSa] ij vk;sxk rks iSjksa ls pydj ghA
gekjs tkus ls mlds ia[k rks mx ugha vk;saxsA
'kekZ % ¼xqLls ls½ rks er tkvks rqeA vkus nks mls] tc Hkh vkrk
gSA
';ke Hkjksls % ¼cSBrk gqvk½ ugha tkrsA oSlk gqdqe gks] rks oSlkA ,slk gqdqe
gS] rks ,slkA
diwj % D;ksa 'kekZ] yks xzsM esa ;s yksx ugha vkrs\
'kekZ % vkrs gSaA
diwj % rks bUgsa Hkh esEcj ugha gksuk pkfg,\ yks xzsM odZtZ osYQs;j
lkslkbVh tSls ge yksxksa dh gS] oSls gh bu yksxksa dh Hkh
gSA
euksjek % gS rks ugha] ij gksuh pkfg,
larks"k % rc jke Hkjksls ps;jeSu gks tk;sxk] ';ke Hkjksls lsØsVjhA
diwj % fQj pk; ykus dkSu tk;sxk\ 'kekZ\
'kekZ % rqe esjk vieku dj jgs gksA
diwj % vxj vieku fd;k gks rks eS ekQh ek¡x ysrk gw¡A eSaus rks
,d ckr dgh FkhA
jke Hkjksls pk; vkSj ew¡xQyh fy;s gq;s vkrk gSA
euksjek % yhft,] pk; vk x;hA
65
diwj % xqjçhr th] vki cukb, pk;A
xqjçhr % eq>s lcds VsLV dk irk ugha gSA
diwj % vkidks ugha gS irk\ cukb,] cukb,A
larks"k % ¼xqjçhr ls½ lcls NksVh rw gh gSA
diwj % lcls NksVh vkSj lcls---- A
euksjek % dg nhft,] dg nhft,A
diwj % l‚jh] esjk og eryc ugha FkkA
xqjçhr pk; cukus yxrh gSA çseçdk'k] nhun;ky ck;ha
rjQ ls vkrs gSaA
euksjek % D;k ekSds ij vk;s gSa vki yksxA
çseçdk'k % pk; vkSj ew¡xQyh! fdlus nkor dh gS\
euksjek % diwj lkgc usA
çseçdk'k % fdl [kq'kh es\a
euksjek % vki yksxksa ds nsj ls vkus dhA
nhun;ky % eSa ,d I;kyh ys ldrk gw¡\
xqjçhr % ¼igyh I;kyh mldh rjQ c<+kdj½ yhft,A
nhun;ky % ¼I;kyh ysdj½ FkaSDl!
xqjçhr % ¼çseçdk'k ls½ vki Hkh ysaxs!
çseçdk'k % D;ksa ugha\
xqjçhr % ¼I;kyh c<+kdj½ yhft,A phuh de Mkyh gSA vc rhljh
I;kyh dkSu ysxk\
euksjek % diwj lkgc] ftUgksaus pk; e¡xok;h gSA
diwj % ugha] ugha vki yhft,A
euksjek % vki rdYyqQ dj jgs gSaA ys yhft,A
diwj % rdYyqQ rks vki dj jgh gSAa
eksgu nk;ha rjQ ls vkrk gSA
eksgu % ehfVax 'kq: ugha gqbZ vHkh\ ;k py jgh gS! ;g ,DlVªk
I;kyh fdlds fy, j[kh gS\ eSa ys ldrk gw¡\
xqjçhr % D;ksa ugha\
eksgu I;kyh mBkdj ihus yxrk gSA
eksgu % [kwc xeZ pk; gSA estcku dkSu gS\ nhun;ky th] vki\
nhun;ky % eS Hkh rqEgkjh rjg esgeku gw¡A
66
eksgu % rks çseçdk'k th dh rjQ ls gS pk;\ ¼çseçdk'k ls½
/kU;okn] cgqr&cgqr /kU;okn!
çseçdk'k % eq>s /kU;okn D;ksa nsrs gks\ eSa [kqn esgeku gw¡A
eksgu % ge rhuksa esgeku gSa\ rks estcku\
larks"k % iSls diwj lkgc ds [kpZ gq, gSaA
eksgu % iSls [kpZ fd;s gSa] fQj Hkh [kqn ugha ih jgs\ D;k cM+Iiu gS!
larks"k % cM+Iiu rks vius&vki gks x;k] tc---A
eksgu % fdlh&fdlh esa gksrk gS ,slk cM+IiuA gekjh igpku ds ,d
lkgc vkSj gSa ,slsA 'kknh&'kqnk gSaA os viuh iRuh dks [kqn
lSj djus ugha ys tkrs] nksLrksa dks ys tkus nsrs gSaA
xqjçhr % Iyht!
'kekZ % eq>s ,slh ckrphr ij l[r ,rjkt gSA eSa pkgw¡xk fd ge
ehfVax dk okrkoj.k xaHkhj jgus nsaA
eksgu % eSa blds ckn xaHkhj jgus dh çfrKk djrk gw¡A FkksM+h
ew¡xQyh rks ys ldrk gw¡ u\
'kekZ % rks vc dk;Zokgh vkjaHk dh tk;s----\
ckgj ls ,d Bgkdk lquk;h nsrk gSA
euksjek % vHkh vkSj yksx vk jgs gSaA
eksgu % jes'k vkSj lR;iky gSaA ,slh ogf'k;kuk g¡lh vkSj dksbZ g¡l
gh ugha ldrkA
diwj % ns[kks] rqeus vHkh çfrKk dh gS fd-----A
eksgu % l‚jh! exj dksbZ Hkh dg ns] ;g g¡lh bulkuksa dh&lh gSa\
jes'k vkSj lR;iky ck;ha rjQ ls vkrs gSaA
jes'k % fdldh g¡lh bulkuksa dh&lh ugha gS\
eksgu % esjk eryc vki gh dh g¡lh ls FkkA ysfdu eSa vius 'kCn
okil ysrk gw¡A vki ew¡xQyh [kkb,A
lR;iky % ;g tjk&lh ew¡xQyh vki fdl&fdl dks f[kyk;saxs\
jes'k % ys Hkh yks vcA 'kekZ lkgc] vki Hkh yhft,A
'kekZ % ¼,d nkuk ysdj½ rks ehfVax dh dk;Zokgh vc----A
jes'k % euksjek th] vki ijs D;ksa [kM+h gSa\ yhft, uA dqy
vkB&nl nkus cps gSaA
euksjek % ;s diwj lkgc dks ns nhft,] og cspkjs---!
jes'k % vki yhft,] mUgsa Hkh nsrk gw¡A vki Hkh yhft,] larks"k th!
xqjçhr th] vki fNi D;ksa jgh gS\a yhft,] dqy nks gh nkus
67
cps gSaA vjs] nks esa ls Hkh ,d nkuk NksM+ fn;k\ yhft,]
diwj lkgc!
diwj % ;g rqe ys yksA
jes'k % ugha] vki ys yhft,A
diwj % ugha] rqEgha ys yksA
jes'k % ugha&ughaA vki ys yhft,A
nhun;ky % ,slk Hkh D;k rdYyqQ gS\ vki nksuksa er yhft,A eSa ys
ysrk gw¡A FkSaDl!
'kekZ ekLVj dh dqjlh ds ikl pyk tkrk gSA
'kekZ % nksLrks!
diwj % igys lc yksx cSB tk;saA
eksgu % ysMht ÝUVA tsUV~l cSdA
jes'k % D;ks\a ,d&,d MsLd ij ,d&,d is;j D;ksa ugha\
eksgu % ysMht de gSa] tsUV~l T;knk gSaA
jes'k % rks nks&nks MsLd tksM+ fy;s tk;sa ftlls----A
eksgu % eq>s dksbZ ,rjkt ughaA
'kekZ % eq>s ,rjkt gSA MsLd brus gSa fd ,d&,d MsLd ij
,d&,d vkneh cSB ldrk gSA tgk¡&tgk¡ cSBuk gks cSB
tkb,A
eksgu % bl lq>ko ls dkSu&dkSu lger gS\a
euksjek % ge lc lger gSaA
eksgu % vki lc lger gSa] rc rks dqN dgus dks cprk gh ughaA
,d MsLd ij cSB tkrk gSA vkSj yksx Hkh fc[kj dj cSB
tkrs gSaA
cks/k ç'u
¼mi;qZDr ikB ij vk/kkfjr½
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj esa lgh mÙkj dh Øe la[;k uhps fn, x, dks"Bd esa
fu'kku yxk dj nsa vkSj bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa ls feykdj mUgsa tk¡p ysaA
1½ ^lcsjs fudkyks] rks 'kke rd pyh vkrh gSA 'kke dks fudkyks] rks lcsjk ugh
nsrhA^ bl dFku }kjk fdldk ladsr gqvk gS\
d½ BaM dk]
[k½ /kwy dk]
x½ gok dk]
?k½ fcYyh dkA ¼ ½
68
2½ ^vki yksxksa ds gkFk ij yxh jgrh gS] fQj Hkh nsj dj tkrs gksA gekjh rks dksbZ
ckr gh ughaA^ bl dFku ls gkFk ij D;k yxh jgus dh ckr dgh xbZ gS\
d½ /kwy]
[k½ L;kgh]
x½ ?kM+h]
?k½ pksVA ¼ ½
3½ diwj us cSBd esa igq¡prs gh ôkg&okg^ D;ksa dgk\
d½ 'kekZ dh ç'kalk ds fy,]
[k½ cSBd esa le; ls lcds igqap tkus ds fy,]
x½ 'kekZ ij dVk{k djus ds fy,]
?k½ v/;{k dh vuqifLFkfr ij O;aX; djus ds fy,A ¼ ½
4½ cSBd esa pk; ds iSls fdlus fn, Fks\
d½ 'kekZ us]
[k½ diwj us]
x½ nhun;ky us]
?k½ çseçdk'k usA ¼ ½
euksjek % ge
'kekZ % eSa le>rk gw¡] vc vkSj fdlh ds vkus dh vk'kk ugha djuh
pkfg,A v/;{k egksn; ugha vk;s] blfy, vkt dh ehfVax
dh v/;{krk ds fy, eSa diwj lkgc ds uke dk çLrko
djrk gw¡A
lR;iky % eSa bldk leFkZu djrk gw¡A
'kekZ % vkb,] diwj lkgc!
diwj ekLVj dh dqjlh ij tk cSBrk gSA lc yksx rkyh
ctkrs gSaA
diwj % ¼xyk lkQ djds½ Hkkb;ks vkSj cguks--A
eksgu % esjk ,d la'kks/ku gSA cguks igys vkSj Hkkb;ks ckn esa gksuk
pkfg,A
'kekZ % D;k eSa vuqjks/k dj ldrk gw¡ fd vki vc xaHkhj gksdj cSBa\s
eksgu % eSa fcYdqy xaHkhj gksdj ;g ckr dg jgk gw¡A
'kekZ % vki fcYdqy xaHkhj gksdj ugha dg jgsA
69
jes'k % vki dSls dg ldrs gSa fd ;s xaHkhj gksdj ugha dg jgs\
lH; lekt esa ges'kk ysMht+ ,aM tsaVyesu dgk tkrk gS]
tsaVyesu ,aM ysMht ughaA
'kekZ % vPNk] vPNk! eSa vkidk la'kks/ku Lohdkj djrk gw¡A
jes'k % vkidk eryc gS] vki feLVj eksgu dk la'kks/ku Lohdkj
djrs gSaA
'kekZ % esjk eryc gS] eSa feLVj eksgu dk la'kks/ku Lohdkj djrk
gw¡A cguks vkSj Hkkb;ks----!
lR;iky % eSa ,d ckr dg ldrk gw¡\
'kekZ % dfg,A
lR;iky % cguks vkSj Hkkb;ks] ;g ,d >wBk LVsVesaV ugha gS\
nhun;ky % ckr djus dk eqgkojk gS] ;kj!
lR;iky % ysfdu ;g >wBk eqgkojk ugha gS\ D;k 'kekZ lkgc dg
ldrs gSa ftruh efgyk,¡ ;gk¡ cSBh gSa----!
çseçdk'k % vki ilZuy ckrsa chp esa ugha yk ldrsA
lR;iky % eSa dksbZ ilZuy ckr chp esa ugha yk jgkA esjk eryc flQZ
bruk gS fd gesa bl eqgkojs dh txg dksbZ nwljk eqgkojk
bLrseky djuk pkfg, tks fd ysMht+ ,aM tsaVyesu dh
rjg U;wVªy gksA
eksgu % ysMht+ ,aM tsaVyesu dh rjg U;wVªy\ xzkej Bhd gS
vkidh\
lR;iky % eSa eqgkojs dh ckr dj jgk gw¡A
çseçdk'k % og eqgkojk Hkh U;wVªy fdl rjg ls gS\ fdlh Hkh lHkk esa
cSBh gqbZ lc ysMht+ ysMht+ ugha gksrh\
xqjçhr % fnl bt Vw epA
euksjek % vki buMk;sjDVyh gekjk vieku dj jgs gSaA A
çseçdk'k % eSa flQZ bruk dg jgk gw¡ fd cguks vkSj Hkkb;ks ;g eqgkojk
mruk gh lgh gS ftruk ysMht+ ,aM tsaVyesuA blfy,
'kekZ lkgc dks vkxs pyus fn;k tk;sA
diwj % pfy,] 'kekZ lkgc!
'kekZ % ¼fQj xyk lkQ djds½ vki lc tkurs gSa fd yks&xzsM
odZtZ osyQs;j lkslkbVh dh LFkkiuk fdl mn~ns'; ls dh
x;h gSA yxkrkj c<+rh eg¡xkbZ ds bl tekus esa gekjs tSls
lc yksx vius fy, [kku iku ds ekewyh lk/ku tqVkus esa
Hkh vleFkZ gSaA blfy, ge pkgrs gSa fd ge vius oxZ ds
yksxksa ds osYQs;j dh ,slh Ldhesa ljdkj ds lkeus j[ksa]
70
vkSj mUgsa euokus ds fy, ftruk tksj ljdkj ij Mky
ldsa] Mkysa ftlls fd---- esjk eryc gS] ,slh Ldhesa tks fd
---------tSls fiNyh ckj ljdkj ls T;knk&ls&T;knk NksVs
dt+ks± dh ek¡x dh x;h Fkh----A
nhun;ky % ml ek¡x dk vc rd gqvk Hkh gS dqN\
diwj % ;g loky ckn esa mBkb;sxkA
nhun;ky % ckn esa D;ks\a vxj mlh ckjs esa vc rd dqN ugha gqvk---A
diwj % D;ksa 'kekZ] gqvk gS ml ckjs esa dqN\
'kekZ % FkksM+k cgqr gqvk gS--- ;k ugha Hkh gqvk] rks gksus dh vk'kk dh
tk ldrh gSA fQygky ge vius vkt ds ,tsaMk dks /;ku
esa j[ksaA
eksgu % vkt dk ,tsaMk D;k gS\
'kekZ % eSa mlh ij vk jgk gw¡A
Bksl lq>ko j[kuk pkgrs gSa fd----esjk eryc gS fd vkcknh
c<+ tkus ds dkj.k 'kgj ch xzsM ls , xzsM gks tkrs gSa]
ysfdu tgk¡ rd ge yksxksa dk rkYyqd gS---dguk pkfg, fd
yks xzsM odZtZ dh ftanxh yks xzsM ls yksvj xzsM gksrh tkrh
gS] blfy, gekjs fy, t:jh gS fd---vkSj gesa flQZ çLrko
gh ikl ugha djuk] mlds fy,] mls euokus ds fy,] iwjh
dksf'k'k Hkh djuh gS fd ,d&Ms<+ lky ds vanj---tSls bruh
d‚yksuht gSa] mlh rjg ,d fuEuLrj x`g&fuekZ.k ;kstuk
ds varxZ---A
diwj % D;k\ D;k\
'kekZ % fuEuLrj x`g&fuekZ.k ;kstuk----A
diwj % bldk eryc\
jes'k % ?kfV;k¡ fdLe ds ?kj cukus dh LdheA
diwj % ¼vfo'okl ds Loj esa½ ugha&ugha---A
lR;iky % ?kj cukus dh ?kfV;k fdLe dh LdheA
diwj % ugha&ughaA
nhun;ky % og Ldhe] ftlds ekrgr fupys njts ds ?kj cuk;s tk;saA
çseçdk'k % fupys njts ds ?kj rks lkjs ns'k esa gSa ghA muds fy,
ljdkj dks vkSj Ldhe cukus dh D;k t:jr gS\
euksjek % gh ehUl gkmlst Q‚j yks xzsM odZtZ+A
diwj % vkbZ lh] vkbZ lhA
'kekZ % rks dgus dk eryc gS fd ,slh ,d ;kstuk gh ftlls---
og ljdkjh ;kstuk Hkh gks ldrh gS vkSj NksVs dt+ks± dh
;kstuk dk fgLlk Hkh--- ,d lq>ko Fkk fd ?kj uhyke fd;s
71
tk;sa] ysfdu eSa mlds i{k esa ugha gw¡---D;ksafd uhykeh tks gS]
og lektoknh uhfr ugha gS--- mlesa cM+k NksVs dks fuxy
tkrk gS vkSj NksVk---oSls ykVjh Hkh Mkyh tk ldrh gS ?kjksa
dh---ij ;kstuk tks Hkh gks] ,slh gksuh pkfg, fd mldk ykHk
gekjs lc lnL;ksa dks gks ldsA
nhun;ky]
çseçdk'k % fg;j] fg;j!
'kekZ % D;ksafd ?kj ,slh pht gS] tks gj vkneh dh cqfu;knh
t:jr gS] mldh lq[k&'kkafr dk vk/kkj gSA vkneh dke
djrk gS dekus ds fy,A dekrk gS vkjke ikus ds fy,A
vkSj lgh ekus vkjke og rHkh ik ldrk gS tc mlds ikl
viuk ,d ,slk ?kj gks ftlesa---lnhZ gS tc mlds ikl
viuk ,d ,slk ?kj gks ftles-a --lnhZ gks ;k xehZ] nq[k gks ;k
lq[k---,d ,slh txg tgk¡---tgk¡---tgk¡ ij og---mu yksxksa ds
lkFk---mu yksxksa ds lkFk tks fd mldk ifjokj gS---geesa ls
gj,d dk viuk ifjokj gS---ml ifjokj ds lkFk---og
vkneh---og vkneh---A
vk¡[ksa xqjçhr ds psgjs ij vVd tkrh gS ftlls tcku vkSj
vVdus yxrh gSA
% eSa gj ifjokj dh ckr ugha dgrk---dbZ ckj---dqN ifjokjksa esa-
-- dqN ,sls ifjokj Hkh gksrs gSa---ftuesa---ftues-a --og Hkh gksrk
gS---eryc dyg&Dys'k gksrk gS---ij D;ksa gksrk gS\ ml
dyg&Dys'k ds dkj.k--- mlds dkj.k---vkneh ds fy,---
fdlh Hkh vkneh ds fy,---?kj dh vko';drk---tks
lq[k&'kkafr og pkgrk gS---mldh vko';drk---,d van:uh
vko';drk---tSls vkt gh lekpkj Fkk---fd ,d vkneh us---
vius iwjs ifjokj ds lkFk---iwjs ifjokj dks mlus tgj ns
fn;k---vkSj mlds lkFk---mlds ckn---Lo;a Hkh vkRegR;k djus
dk ç;Ru fd;k gS---A
jes'k] lR;iky % fg;j] fg;j!
diwj % ¼MLVj ls est Bksdrk gqvk½ vkMZj&vkMZj!
'kekZ % tkuus dh ckr ;g gS---fd ,slk tc Hkh gksrk gS---tc Hkh
,slk gksrk gS--- rks mlds ewy es-a --;fn mlds ewy dkj.kksa dh
[kkst dh tk;s rks---rks irk pysxk fd---dgha&u&dgha---vo';
dgha&u&dgha---vkSj ;g ckr fdlh ds fy, Hkh lp gks
ldrh gS---fd dgha&u&dgha---dqN&u dqN ,slk gS fd---gks
ldrk gS fd eSa vius fo"k; ls FkksM+k HkVd x;k gw¡---ijarq
;g blfy, gS fd---;fn ge lkspuk pkgsa] rks irk py
ldrk gS fd---og dqN&u&dqN D;k gSA
tsc ls :eky fudkydj ekFks dk ilhuk iksaNrk gSA
72
nhun;ky % 'kekZ] ikuh ih yks FkksM+kA jke Hkjksls] 'kekZ dks ,d fxykl
ikuh nsukA
'kekZ % eq>s ikuh ugha pkfg,A
nhun;ky % FkksM+k ih yks] rjkoV vk tk;sxhA
'kekZ % ugha] ughaA ¼jke Hkjksls dh rjQ½ ikuh ugha pkfg,A
çseçdk'k % pk; e¡xok yksA
'kekZ % ugha] pk; Hkh ugha pkfg,A eSa tks ckr vkids lkeus j[k
jgk gw¡---A
diwj % lh/ks vkt dk ijLrko gh D;ksa ugha i<+ nsr\s tks ckr gS]
og lc yksx tkurs gSaA
jes'k % cksy ysus nhft, mUgsaA vxyh ehfVax tkus dc gksxh!
lR;iky % 'kekZ lkgc] lh/ks ml ckr ij vk tkb,---tc ls bafnjk
ljdkj cuh gS] rc ls---A
jes'k % cfYd mlls Hkh vkxs ls 'kq: dhft,---tc ls vkius
lsØsVjh&in laHkkyk gS] rc ls---A
diwj % vkMZj&vkMZj! 'kekZ] rqe ijLrko i<+ nks vcA
larks"k % {kek dhft,] ijLrko ugha] çLrkoA
diwj % ijLrkoA
larks"k % ¼tksj nsdj½ çLrkoA
diwj % ¼tksj nsdj½ ijLrkoA
nhun;ky % ih , vkj , ,l ugha] ih vkj , ,l---çLrkoA
diwj % tks Hkh gks og jstksY;w'ku dh fganhA og i<+ nks rqeA
'kekZ % rks eSa vkidk vf/kd le; u ysdj vkids lkeus çLrko
is'k dj jgk gw¡A
viuh Qkby [kksyrk gSA fQj mls vkxs&ihNs iyVus yxrk
gSA
% çLrko gS---çLrko Fkk---A
jes'k % Fkk] eryc [kks x;k dgha\
'kekZ % ugha] bl Qkby esa gS---eryc blh Qkby esa Fkk--- vHkh
lqcg eSaus Mªk¶V cuk;k Fkk---A
lR;iky % fdlh vkSj Qkby esa rks ugha gS\
'kekZ % vkSj fdl Qkby esa gks ldrk gS\
lR;iky % xqjçhr th dh Qkby ns[k yhft,A mlesa gks 'kk;nA
'kekZ % ¼l[r iM+ dj½ muds ikl dksbZ Qkby ugha gSA
73
lR;iky % rks gks ldrk gS] muds cVqos esa gksA
xqjçhr % ¼l[r iM+ dj½ budk çLrko esjs cVqos es\a vki dguk D;k
pkgrs gS\
lR;iky % ukjkt gksus dh ckr ughaA D;ksafd çLrko [kks x;k gS]
blfy, eSaus lkspk fd gks ldrk gS fd b/kj&m/kj iM+k ns[k
dj vkius vius cVqos esa laHkky fy;k gksA
xqjçhr % ¼mlh rjg l[r½ esjs cVqos esa ,slh Qkyrw phtksa ds fy,
txg ugha gSA
jes'k % D;k dgk vkius\ Qkyrw ;k iSayrw\
xqjçhr % ¼vkSj Hkh l[r½ jes'k pksiM+k!
jes'k % çstsaV fel!
diwj % vkMZj&vkMZj
nhun;ky % 'kekZ] Qkby esa ugha gS] rks dgha&u&dgha rks gksxk ghA ,d
ckj irywu dh tsc esa ns[k yksA
'kekZ % irywu dh tsc esa dSls gks ldrk gS\ ¼nksuksa tscsa VVksyrk
gS½ ?kj ls pyrs le; eSaus Qkby esa j[kk FkkA ¼tscksa dk
lkeku fudkydj½ irywu esa flQZ :eky gS vkSj rhl iSls
gSa---A
lR;iky % flQZ rhl iSl\s g~okV fiVh!
çseçdk'k % irywu esa ugha gS] rks dksV dh tscksa esa ns[k yksA
nhun;ky % dksV dh tscsa flyh gqbZ gSaA vkt gh MªkbZDyhu gksdj vk;k
yxrk gSA
çseçdk'k % rks] vanj deht dh tsc esa gks 'kk;n\
'kekZ % deht esa tsc ugha gSA eSa tsc okyh deht ugha igurkA
çseçdk'k % fQj rks ,d gh ckr gks ldrh gSA Hkkx dj ?kj ij ns[k
vkvksA 'kk;n cPpksa us fudky fy;k gksA
nhun;ky % cPpksa dks çLrko dk D;k djuk gSA
çseçdk'k % [ksy jgs gksaxsA
lR;iky % ;k ogk¡ eksgYys esa is'k dj jgs gksaxsA gks ldrk gS] vc rd
mUgksaus ikl Hkh dj fn;k gksA
diwj % vkMZj&vkMZj---esjk [;ky gS 'kekZ] rqe tYnh ls u;k Mªk¶V
cuk yksA
'kekZ % u;k Mªk¶V\ u;k Mªk¶V cu ldrk gS] ysfdu---A
jes'k % mlds fy, bUgsa fdrkc pkfg, og---ou gaMªsM Mªk¶V
jstksY;w'katA
74 'kekZ % eSa fdrkc ns[kdj Mªk¶V ugha cukrkA
lR;iky % Bhd ckr gSA ojuk Lisfyax dh bruh xyfr;k¡ ugha gks
ldrhaA
diwj % rqe lkFk ds dejs esa pys tkvks] 'kekZ!
'kekZ % ¼pqukSrh Lohdkjus ds Loj esa½ Bhd gSA eSa vHkh u;k Mªk¶V
cuk dj ykrk gw¡A
Qkby lesV dj nk;ha rjQ ds njokts ls pyk tkrk gSA
jke Hkjksls vk¡[k mBkdj mls tkrs ns[krk gS] fQj flj
fgykrk gSA
diwj % ¼tEgkbZ jksddj½ mruh nsj vc D;k djuk pkfg,\
nhun;ky % vki crk;saA
diwj % vki yksx crkb,A
nhun;ky % tks ps;jeSu dh :fyax gksA
diwj % eSa dkgs dk ps;jeSu gw¡\ psj;eSu rks vkt vk;k gh ughaA
jes'k % vki viuk og Hkk"k.k ns nhft, & vlwy dgrk gS fd---A
diwj % ugha&ugha] cgqr gks pqdk ogA cksj gks x;sA
jes'k % vki Hkh cksj gks x;s\
diwj % eq>s [kqn Hkh rks lquuk iM+rk gSA
nhun;ky % rks euksjek th ls dgk tk;s] ;s xhr lquk nsaA
çseçdk'k % ;s rks ehfVax ds var esa lqukrh gSaA
nhun;ky % gk¡&gk¡---vkt igys lquk nsaA
çseçdk'k % ¼ncs Loj esa½ igys eksgu ls dfork,¡ lqu yh tk;saA
nhun;ky % eSa dgrk gw¡] igys xhr gks tkus nksA
çseçdk'k % eSa dgrk gw¡] igys dfork,¡ gks tkus nksA
nhun;ky % xhr esa nsj de yxrh gSA
çseçdk'k % blhfy, rks dg jgk gw¡A ckn esa dforkvksa esa cgqr nsj yx
tkrh gSA ¼Å¡ps Loj esa½ esjk çLrko gS fd euksjek th xhr
lquk;saA
jes'k % eSa bldk leFkZu djrk gw¡A
nhun;ky % esjk çLrko gS fd eksgu viuh dfork,¡ lquk;saA
jes'k % eSa bldk leFkZu djrk gw¡A
larks"k % esjk çLrko gS fd lR;iky lc lnL;ksa dh udysa lquk;saA
jes'k % eSa bldk Hkh leFkZu djrk gw¡A
diwj % vkSj esjk çLrko gS fd xqjçhr th ftl çLrko dk leFkZu
djsa] og çLrko eku fy;k tk;sA
75
nhun;ky % bldk leFkZu dkSu djrk gS\
diwj % eSa [kqn gh leFkZu Hkh djrk gw¡A
çseçdk'k % vki [kqn vius çLrko dk leFkZu ugha dj ldrs] blfy,
vkidk çLrko dSafly gqvkA
lR;iky % jes'k us ,d lkFk nks&nks çLrkoksa dk leFkZu fd;k gS]
blfy, os nksuksa çLrko Hkh dSafly gq,A vc flQZ nhun;ky
th dk çLrko jg tkrk gS fd eksgu viuh dfork,¡
lquk;saA ¼eksgu dh rjQ ns[kdj½ eksgu! vjs] bls D;k gqvk
gS\
lc yksx ns[krs gSa fd eksgu vk¡[ksa ew¡ndj MsLd dh ihB ls
Vsd yxk;s gSA
% eksgu!
eksgu gM+cM+kdj vk¡[ksa [kksyrk gSA
eksgu % D;k ckr gS\
lR;iky % mB tkvks] rqEgsa dfork,¡ lqukuh gSaA
eksgu % çLrko ikl gks x;k\
lR;iky % og lkFk ds dejs esa Mªk¶V gks jgk gSA
eksgu % dkSu Mªk¶V dj jgk gS\
lR;kiky % 'kekZA
eksgu % rc Mªk¶V gks tkus nksA gks tk;s] rks txk nsukA
lR;iky % ij bl chp nwljk çLrko ikl gks x;k gSA
eksgu % D;k\
lR;kiky % fd rc rd rqels rqEgkjh dfork,¡---A
'kekZ nk;ha rjQ ls vkrk gSA
'kekZ % fey x;kA
diwj % ogh Mªk¶V tks [kks x;k Fkk\
'kekZ % gk¡---ckgj dwM+s esa FkkA
diwj % dwM+s esa\
'kekZ % vkrs gq, fxj x;k gksxkA teknkj us >kM+w ls dwM+s esa Mky
fn;k FkkA
diwj % vPNk gS] fey x;kA oDr dh cpr gks x;hA vc rqe
tYnh ls bls i<+ nksA
'kekZ igys okyh txg ij mlh eqæk esa [kM+k gks tkrk gSA
76
'kekZ % ¼xyk lkQ djds½ çLrko dh :ijs[kk bl çdkj gS----
¼dkxt ns[krk gS½ ge] yks xzsM odZtZ osYQs;j lkslkbVh ds
lc lnL;---A
larks"k % eq>s vkifÙk gSA tc çLrko fganh esa gS] rks laLFkk dk uke
Hkh fganh esa gksuk pkfg,A
nhun;ky % eq>s Hkh vkifÙk gSA tc lc lnL; ;gk¡ mifLFkr ugha gSa]
rks çLrko esa lc lnL;ksa dk mYys[k dSls fd;k tk ldrk
gS\
jes'k % eSa igyh vkifÙk dk leFkZu djrk gw¡A
lR;iky % eSa nwljh vkifÙk dk leFkZu djrk gw¡A
diwj % vki igys iwjk Mªk¶V lqu ysaA mlds ckn tks la'kksnu
djuk gks] djsaA
larks"k % la'kksnu ugha] la'kks/kuA
diwj % la'kksnuA
larks"k % /ku /ku /ku--- la'kks/kuA
diwj % /ku /ku /ku--- la'kksnuA
larks"k % la---'kks---/kuA
diwj % la---'kks---nuA
nhun;ky % Mh , ,u ugha] Mh ,p~ , ,Uk A
diwj % vki igys iwjk Mªk¶V lqu ysaA mlds ckn tks ,esaMesaV
djuk gks djsaA
larks"k % ijarq fganh ds çLrko esa laLFkk dk uke vaxzsth esa gks] ;g
jk"VªHkk"kk dk vieku gSA vki buls dfg,] igys uke fganh
esa dj nsaA
diwj % D;ksa 'kekZ] yks xzsM odZtZ osYQs;j lkslkbVh dh fganh D;k
gS\
çseçdk'k % fupyk ntkZ dkexkj fgrdkjh lHkkA
'kekZ % ;g xyr gSA bldh vlyh fganh gS & fuEuLrj deZpkjh&
dY;k.k lektA
çseçdk'k % ;g Hkh xyr gSA
'kekZ % ;g dSls xyr gS\
çseçdk'k % esjs okyh fganh dSls xyr gS\
'kekZ % og iqjkuh fganh gS] blfy, xyr gSA
çseçdk'k % ;g eqf'dy fganh gS] blfy, xyr gSA
'kekZ % vki fganh tkurs gSa\
77
çseçdk'k % vki vaxzsth tkurs gSa\
'kekZ % vki yM+uk pkgrs gSa\
çseçdk'k % th ugha---vki---A
diwj % nksLrksa] oDr cgqr gks jgk gSA dke tYnh gksus nhft,A
tYnh djks] 'kekZA
'kekZ % eSa vkidh nksuksa vkifÙk;k¡ Lohdkj dj jgk gw¡ ¼la'kks/ku
djds½ rks vc çLrko bl çdkj gS--- ¼dkxt ns[krk gS½ ge]
fuEuLrj deZpkjh dY;k.k lekt ds lc mifLFkr lnL;--A
nhun;ky % ;g dSls dgk tk ldrk gS fd çLrko loZ&lEefr ls ikl
gksxk\ blfy, lc mifLFkr lnL;ksa dk mYys[k Hkh ugha
fd;k tk ldrkA
'kekZ % rks vki D;k pkgrs gSa] eSa çLrko is'k u d:¡\
nhun;ky % eSaus ;g dgk gS\ eSaus rks dgk gS] 'kCn ^lc* chp esa ugha
gksuk pkfg,A
'kekZ % eSa tc rd çLrko iwjk ugha i<+ ysrk] rc rd blesa dksbZ
la'kks/ku ugha d:¡xkA
jes'k % ;g vki dSls dg ldrs gSa\ vHkh&vHkh vkius nks la'kks/ku
Lohdkj fd;s gSaA
lR;iky % vkSj tc nks&nks la'kks/ku Lohdkj dj ldrs gSa] rks rhljk
D;ksa ugha dj ldrs\
diwj % ?kM+h ij utj j[kdj pyks] 'kekZ!
'kekZ % rks yhft,] eSa rhljk la'kks/ku Hkh Lohdkj dj ysrk gw¡
¼dkxt ns[krk gS½ ge] fuEuLrj deZpkjh dY;k.k lekt ds
mifLFkr lnL; cgqr rhozrk ls ;g vuqHko djrs gSa fd
lkekftd iqufuZekZ.k dh ljdkjh uhfr;ksa esa gekjs fgrksa dk
Bhd ls laj{k.k ugha gks ik jgk gSA iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa ds
varxZr ns'k ds cnyrs vkfFkZd <k¡ps esa fuEuLrj deZpkfj;ksa
ds fy, leqfpr fuEuLrj vkokl&O;oLFkk ljdkj dk ,d
çeq[k mÙkjnkf;Ro gSA bl mÙkjnkf;Ro ds fuokZg dh---fuokZg
dh---,d 'kCn feV x;k gS----D;k 'kCn gS\---fuokZg dh---A
cks/k ç'u
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj dks"Bdksa esa lgh mÙkj dh Øela[;k fy[kdj nsa vkSj
vius mÙkjksa dks bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa ls feykdj tk¡p ysaA
5½ ml ekax dk vc rd gqvk Hkh gS dqN\^ bl dFku esa fdl ekax dh vksj
ladsr fd;k x;k gS\
d½ deZpkfj;ksa ds cPpksa dh mfpr f'k{kk&O;oLFkk ds fy,]
78
[k½ deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, T;knk&ls&T;knk NksVs dtks± ds fy,]
x½ eqgYys dh lQkbZ ds fy,]
?k½ vf/kd le; rd dke djus ds fy, vfrfjä HkÙks ds fy,A ¼ ½
6½ îj bl chp nwljk çLrko ikl gks x;k gSA* ;g nwljk çLrko D;k gS\
d½ fd cSBd LFkfxr dj nh tk,]
[k½ fd cSBd esa lcds fy, tyiku dh O;oLFkk dh tk,]
x½ fd rc rd eksgu viuh dfork,¡ lquk,¡]
?k½ fd euksjek xhr lquk,¡A ¼ ½
7½ 'kekZ dh Qkby ls cSBd dk [kks;k gqvk çLrko dgk¡ feyrk gS\
d½ xqjçhr dh Qkby esa]
[k½ 'kekZ dh isaV dh tsc esa]
x½ dejs ds ckgj dwM+s esa]
?k½ 'kekZ dh Qkby ls cPpksa us fudky fy;k FkkA ¼ ½
8½ diwj ds xyr mPpkj.k okys fdu 'kCnksa ls 'kq) fganh dk etkd mM+k;k x;k
gS\ mÙkjksa esa ,d 'kCn ,slk gS] ftldk ç;ksx diwj us ugha fd;k FkkA mÙkj
crk,¡ &
d½ ijLrko]
[k½ fueu]
x½ la'kksnu]
?k½ vf/k v{kA ¼ ½
diwj % feV dSls x;k\

'kekZ % irk ugha dSls----A
jes'k % t+eknkj dh >kM+w ls feV x;k gksxkA
'kekZ % fuokZg dh---fuokZg dh---fdl mlls\
larks"k % –f"V ls\
'kekZ % gk¡] gk¡---–f"V ls ljdkj dks pkfg, fd 'kh?kz&ls&'kh?kz ,d
fuEuLrj x`g&fuekZ.k ;kstuk cukdj lc ,sls deZpkfj;ksa
dks] ftudh fd lsok ik¡p lky ls vf/kd dh gS]
NksVh&NksVh fdLrksa ij ,d&,d ?kj mi mi mi----A
nhun;ky % ,d vkSj 'kCn feV x;k\
'kekZ % iwjk ugha feVkA ?kj mi mi mi---A
nhun;ky % miæo\
'kekZ % miæo djkus dk chM+k---ugha] ;g ugha gks ldrkA
79
larks"k % miyC/k\
'kekZ % gk¡&gk¡---miyC/k djkus dk chM+k mBk;sA
diwj % bruk gh gS ;k vkSj Hkh gS\
'kekZ % gS rks vkSj Hkh] ij og NksM+k tk ldrk gSA
diwj % tks NksM+k tk ldrk gS] mls NksM+ nksA rks lTtuks] vc
bldk leFkZu dkSu djrk gS\
jes'k % leFkZu dk D;k gS] eSa leFkZu dj nsrk gw¡A ¼ekLVj dh
dqjlh ds ikl vkdj½ eSa bl çLrko dk leFkZu djrk gwA¡
ykSV dj viuh txg pyk tkrk gSA
eksgu % ¼cSBs&cSBs½ eSa bl çLrko dk fojks/k djrk gw¡A lc yksx ?kwe
dj mldh rjQ ns[krs gSaA
diwj % bldk eryc gS] vHkh vkSj oDr yxsxkA
çseçdk'k % rqEgkjh uhan dc [kqyh\
nhun;ky % rqeus çLrko lquk Hkh gS\
eksgu % lc lquk gS] blhfy, fojks/k dj jgk gw¡A
nhun;ky % çLrko esa dgk D;k x;k gS\
eksgu % D;k dgk x;k gS\
nhun;ky % rqe crkvksA
eksgu % vki crkb,A
nhun;ky % diwj lkgc] vki crkb, blsA
diwj % eSa\ eq>s rks fganh le> esa ugha vkrhA
larks"k % çLrko vius esa fcYdqy Li"V gSA
eksgu % D;k Li"V gS\
larks"k % D;k Li"V ugha gS\
eksgu % cgqr dqN Li"V ugha gSA
larks"k % tSl-s --A
eksgu % tSls---A
diwj % rqEgsa T;knk dqN dguk gSA
eksgu % cgqr dqN dguk gSA
diwj % rks ;gk¡ 'kekZ dh txg ij vk tkvksA 'kekZ vueus Hkko ls
uhps mrj tkrk gSA eksgu mldh txg [kM+k gksrk gSA
eksgu % çLrko esa rhu txg ,d 'kCn vk;k gS & fuEuLrjA bldk
vFkZ gS] pw¡fd vkt ge fuEuLrj ds deZpkjh gSaA gekjs fy,
80 vkokl&O;oLFkk gks] rks dSlh\ fuEuLrj dhA gekjs fy, ?kj
cuk;sa tk;sa] rks dSl\s fuEuLrj dsA blds ckn 'kk;n ge
yksx ;g ek¡x djsa fd gekjs fuEuLrj cPpksa ds fy,
fuEuLrj cky&laj{k.k O;oLFkk ds varxZr fuEuLrj ikyu
dh ,d ;kstuk cuk;h tk;s ftlls gj ,sls cPps dks]
ftldh fd mez ik¡p lky ls vf/kd dh gS] de&ls&de
vk/kk iko nw/k miyC/k gks ldsA
jes'k % fg;j&fg;j!
diwj % vkius çLrko dk leFkZu fd;k gS vkSj mlds fojks/k esa Hkh
fg;j fg;j dj jgs gSa\
jes'k % ¼igys dh rjg mB dj vkSj ekLVj dh dqjlh ds ikl
vkdj½ eSa viuk leFkZu okil ysrk gw¡A
okil tk cSBrk gSA
'kekZ % vki viuk leFkZu okil dSls ys ldrs gS\a leFkZu dHkh
okil ugha fy;k tkrkA
jes'k % D;ksa ugha fy;k tkrk\
lR;iky % tc çLrko okil fy;k tk ldrk gS] rks leFkZu Hkh okil
fy;k tk ldrk gSA
jes'k % eq>s fo'okl gks x;k gS fd vkidk çLrko xyr gSA
blfy, eSaus viuk leFkZu okil ys fy;k gSA
diwj % ¼eksgu ls½ rqEgsa vkSj Hkh dqN dguk gS vHkh\
eksgu % cgqr dqN dguk gSA
diwj % ¼?kM+h ns[kdj mBrk gqvk½ rks eSa vki yksxksa ls btktr
pkgw¡xkA eq>s ,d txg igqapuk gS t:jh---A
'kekZ % ¼vkxs vkdj½ ugha&ugha] diwj lkgc!
diwj % HkbZ] ns[kks] 'kekZ---!
'kekZ % ugha&ugha diwj lkgc!
diwj % HkbZ ,slk gS fd---A
'kekZ % ¼diwj dks ck¡g ls idM+dj dqjlh ij fcBkrk gS½ ugha&ugha]
vki ugha tk ldrsA
diwj % ¼feUur vkSj f'kdk;r ds Loj esa½ HkbZ] esjk cgqr t:jh gS
tkukA
'kekZ % çLrko mlls T;knk t:jh gSA
diwj % mlls T;knk t:jh ugha gSA
'kekZ % mlls T;knk t:jh gSA
diwj % ugha gSA
'kekZ % gSA 81
diwj % rqe fdlh vkSj dks cuk yks ps;jeSu FkksM+h nsj ds fy,A
'kekZ % vki #[k ns[k gh jgs gSaA vkids cxSj ;g çLrko ikl ugha
gks ldrkA
diwj % D;ksa ugha gks ldrk\
'kekZ % ugha gks ldrkA
diwj % D;ksa ugha gks ldrkA
'kekZ % ugha gks ldrkA
diwj % tgk¡ eq>s igq¡puk gS] ogha cfYd euksjek th dks Hkh igq¡puk
gSA iwN yks bulsA
fQj ls mBus dh ps"Vk djrk gSA
'kekZ % ¼fQj ls mls fcBkdj½ rc rks vki gjfxt ugha tk ldrsA
euksjek dk oksV cgqr baikVs±V gSA
diwj % ¼vlgk; Hkko ls euksjek dks ns[krk gqvk½ vki D;k dgrh
gSa\
'kekZ % ¼mlls vk¡[ksa cpkrh gS½ eSa dqN ugha dgrhA
diwj % lkr ct x;k gSA
euksjek % eq>s vkB ls igys ?kj igq¡p tkuk gSA
diwj % ¼fQj ls mBrk gS½ blfy,] 'kekZ---!
'kekZ % ¼fQj ls fcBkrk gS½ ugha&ugha] diwj lkgc!
euksjek % eSa ;gk¡ ls lh/kh ?kj tkÅ¡xhA
diwj % lh/kh ?kj tk;saxh\
euksjek % lh/kh ?kj tkÅ¡xhA
diwj % rks og tgk¡ pyuk Fkk\
euksjek % eS ugha py ldw¡xhA
diwj % D;k dg jgh gSa\
euksjek % eS ugha py ldw¡xhA vkB ls igys esjk ?kj igq¡puk t:jh
gSA cPpksa dks [kkuk f[kykuk gSA
diwj % og rks lk<+s vkB Hkh f[kyk;k tk ldrk gSA
euksjek % vkB rd os Hkh ykSV vk;saxsA
diwj % ¼fu<ky gksdj½ rc rks---rc rks---[kSj] Bhd gS] 'kekZ! rqe
çLrko ikl djk yks viukA ¼eksgu ls½ cksfy, vkiA
'kekZ % ¼eksgu ls½ cksfy, vkiA
82
eksgu % lcls igys eSa vkidk /;ku bl pht dh vksj fnykuk
pkgrk gw¡ fd gekjs vanj ;g fuEuLrj dh o`fÙk D;k gS] D;ksa
gS\
'kekZ % fo"k; ls ckgj er tkb,A
eksgu % vki chp esa er cksfy,A ;g fuEuLrj dh o`fÙk ,d
laØked jksx dh rjg gS] ftlds dhVk.kq---A
diwj % ftlds D;k\
eksgu % dhVk.kq---tElZ---gekjh ul&ul esa QSy tkrs gSa vkSj
jkr&fnu nqxqus] pkSxqus] lkSxqus gksrs tkrs gSaA buls vkneh
dh egRokdka{kk ej tkrh gS] dk;Z&'kfä tokc ns tkrh gS]
fdlh Hkh pht dks ysdj u dg ldus dk lkgl mlesa
ugha jg tkrkA og dsoy nwljksa dk eq¡g rkdus vkSj gk¡&gk¡
djus dh ,d e'khu esa cny tkrk gS ftldk lkjk /;ku
fuEuLrj dh dqN vko';drkvksa dks NksM+dj vkSj fdlh
pht ij ugha fVd ikrkA ifj.kke gksrk gS dqN fuEuLrj
dh ek¡xsa] dqN fuEuLrj ds çLrko---A
jes'k] lR;iky % ¼MsLd Fkidrs gSa½ fg;j&fg;j!
'kekZ % ;g eq>s xkyh gSA
eksgu % ;g xkyh ugha gSA
'kekZ % xkyh gSA
eksgu % xkyh ugha gSA
'kekZ % gSA
eksgu % ugha gSA
nhun;ky % feLVj psj;eSu] vki QSlyk dhft,] ;g xkyh gS ;k ugha
gS\
diwj % ;gk¡ fganh&ls&fganh dh fMD'kujh fey ldrh gS\
çseçdk'k % fMD'kujh dh D;k t:jr gS\ larks"k th ;gk¡ gSaA
diwj % D;ksa] larks"k th---\
larks"k % fuEuLrj ds nks vFkZ gSaA ,d U;wu LrjA nwljk ghu LrjA
diwj % mu nksuksa ds D;k vFkZ gSaA
diwj % ekQ dhft,] ftrus Hkh vFkZ gSa] muesa dksbZ xkyh rks ugha
gS\
larks"k % xkyh gks Hkh ldrh gS] ugha Hkh gks ldrhA ;g 'kCn dk
ç;ksx djus okys dh Hkkouk ij gSA
diwj % feLVj eksgu] vkidh Hkkouk xkyh nsus dh Fkh\
eksgu % fcYdqy ughaA 83
diwj % rks vkxs pfy,A ¼'kekZ ls½ bUgksaus xkyh ugha nhA
'kekZ % bUgksaus esjs çLrko dks fuEuLrj dk dgk gSA
diwj % ;kj] ;gh y¶+t+ rqeus Hkh rhu ckj bLrseky fd;k gSA vc
vkxs pyus nksA ¼eksgu ls½ pfy,A
eksgu % ;g fuEuLrj dh o`fÙk gekjs vanj bl rjg ?kj dj x;h gS
fd gekjh thou&laca/kh /kkj.kk gh fuEuLrj dh gksdj jg
x;h gSA ge g¡lrs gSa] rks og g¡lh fuEuLrj dh gksrh gSA
çse djrs gSa] rks og çse fuEuLrj dk gksrk gS----A
euksjek % vki fdl fo"k; esa cksy jgs gS\a çLrko ls bu ckrksa dk
dksbZ laca/k ugha gSA
eksgu % laca/k gSA
euksjek % ugha gSA
eksgu % gSA
xqjçhr % ¼mBrh gqbZ½ HkbZ] eSa tk jgh gw¡A vki yksx çLrko ikl djrs
jfg,A
euksjek % ¼mBrh gqbZ½ eSa Hkh py jgh gw¡A ;gk¡ ehfVax ugha gksrh] cl
;gh lc gksrk gSA
'kekZ % ¼[kM+k gksdj½ tkb, ugha] eSa nl feuV esa ehfVax [kRe dj
jgk gw¡A os nksuksa nk;ha rjQ ls fudy tkrh gSaA
'kekZ % lqfu,] euksjek th---!
diwj % Bgfj,] xqjçhr th---!
dqjlh NksM+dj mu nksuksa ds ihNs tkus yxrk gS] ij 'kekZ
mls ck¡g idM+ dj jksd ysrk gSA
'kekZ % de&ls&de vki rks er tkb,A
diwj % ysfdu] 'kekZ----!
'kekZ % ¼mls dqjlh ij fcBkrk gS½ vc lkFk gh pysaxs FkksM+h nsj esaA
diwj % ¼fu<ky gksdj eksgu ls½ vkidks vkSj Hkh dqN dguk gS
vHkh\
eksgu % dsoy bruk dguk gS fd bl fuEuLrj dh o`fÙk ls
NqVdkjk ikus ds fy, gesa çLrko ;g ikl djuk pkfg, fd
vkt ls ge dgha Hkh] fdlh Hkh :i esa vius lkFk bl 'kCn
dk ç;ksx ugha djsaxAs blfy, lcls igys ge viuh laLFkk
dk uke cnydj------A
'kekZ % tc rd igys çLrko ij fopkj ugha gks tkrk] rc rd
vki nwljk çLrko is'k ugha dj ldrsA
eksgu % ;g nwljk çLrko ugha gSA
84
'kekZ % fcYdqy nwljk çLrko gSA
eksgu % ugha gSA
diwj % ¼est ij eqDdk ekjrk gS½ gS&gS&gS! eSa vkidks vc vkSj
cksyus dh btktr ugha ns ldrkA vki viuh txg ykSV
tkb,A
eksgu % ysfdu] v/;{k egksn;---!
diwj % vki viuh txg ij ykSV tkb,A eSa vc 'kekZ ds çLrko
ij oksV yw¡xkA
jes'k % vki oksV ugha ys ldrsA D;ksafd vkSj yksxksa dks Hkh çLrko
ij cksyuk gSA
diwj % vc mlds fy, oDr ugha gSA
lR;iky % ij oDr D;ksa ugha gS\
diwj % D;ksafd ugha gSA
lR;iky % ij D;ksa ugha gS\
diwj % vki ,d ykbu esa dfg,] vkidks D;k dguk gSA
lR;iky % eSa ,d ykbu esa ugha dg ldrkA
diwj % rks er dfg,A
eksgu % ysfdu] v/;{k egksn;---!
diwj % ¼xqLls ls½ vkils dgk gS] vki ykSV tkb, viuh txg ijA
eksgu % vki esjk vieku dj jgs gSaA
diwj % vki ps;j dk vieku dj jgs gSaA
eksgu % vkidks bl rjg cksyus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha gSA
diwj % vkidks bl rjg [kM+s jgus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha gSA tks
yksx çLrko ds gd esa gSa] os yksx vius gkFk---A
eksgu % vki çLrko ij oksV ugha ys ldrsA igys vki vius
O;ogkj ds fy, {kek ek¡xsaA
diwj % eq>s fdlh ls {kek ugha ek¡xuh gSA tks yksx gd esa gSa---A
lR;iky % vki oksV ugha ys ldrs] D;ksafd vHkh rd çLrko dk
leFkZu ugha gqvkA
'kekZ % leFkZu gks pqdk gSA
jes'k % ugha gqvkA eSaus viuk leFkZu okil ys fy;k gSA
diwj % nhun;ky th] vki leFkZu dj nsaA
nhun;ky % eSa leFkZu djrk gw¡A
85
lR;iky % vki fQj Hkh oksV ugha ys ldrs] D;ksafd eq>s vHkh çLrko ds
ckjs esa vius fopkj lkeus j[kus gSaA
'kekZ % vki vius fopkj lkeus ugha j[k ldrs] D;ksafd vki bl
le; lnL; ugha gSaA vkidk pank vHkh rd ugha vk;k gSA
jes'k % ftl fnu vki lsØsVjh pqus x;s Fks] ml fnu vkidk Hkh
pank ugha vk;k Fkk] vkSj vki lnL; ugha FksA tks lnL; u
gks] og lsØsVjh dSls cu ldrk gS\ eSa lsØsVjh ds pquko
dks pSysat djrk gw¡A
lR;iky % cfYd ftl fnu ;g laLFkk cuh Fkh] vkSj inkf/kdkfj;ksa dk
pquko fd;k x;k Fkk] ml fnu fdlh dk Hkh pank ugha vk;k
Fkk vkSj dksbZ Hkh lnL; ugha FkkA blfy, eSa bl laLFkk ds
iwjs pquko dks pSysat djrk gw¡A
jes'k % vkSj D;ksafd rc ds pqus gq, inkf/kdkjh bl laLFkk dks pyk
jgs gSa] blfy, eSa bl laLFkk dks pSysat djrk gw¡A
diwj % ¼MLVj ls est dks Bksadrk gqvk½ vkMZj&vkMZj&vkMZj! eSaus
oksfVax ds fy, dg fn;k gSA ftu yksxksa dks ,rjkt gS] os
pkgsa rks okd&vkmV dj ldrs gSaA
jes'k % ge okd&vkmV ugha djsaxsA
larks"k % ¼mBrh gqbZ½ vki yksx dk;Zokgh tkjh jf[k,A eq>s tkus dh
vuqefr pkfg,A
eksgu % ¼uhps vkdj½ Bgfj,] larks"k th! eq>s Hkh m/kj gh tkuk gSA
larks"k % ¼ckgj fudyrh½ vki viuk ns[k yhft,A eSa vc vkSj ugha
#dw¡xhA
iy&Hkj dh [kkeks'khA eksgu vfuf'pr Hkko ls mldh rjQ
ns[krk gSA
eksgu % ¼vkdfLed <ax ls½ eS okd vkmV dj jgk gw¡A
tYnh ls larks"k ds ihNs fudy tkrk gSA mlds ckn Hkh
iy&Hkj [kkeks'kh jgrh gSA
diwj % ¼vius dks lgst dj½ rks vc---A
'kekZ % ¼iLr Hkko½ vc dqN ugha gks ldrkA
diwj % D;ksa\
'kekZ % D;ksafd dksje iwjk ugha gSA
diwj % ysMht+ ,aM tsaVyesu---!
çseçdk'k % ekQ dhft,] ysMht+ lc pyh x;h gSa] flQZ tsaVyesu ckdh
gSaA
86
diwj % rks---rks tsaVyesu] eq>s vQlksl gS fd dksje iwjk u gksus ls
ehfVax vc tkjh ugha jg ldrhA eSa ehfVax cj[kkLr djrk
gw¡A
[kycyh&lh ep tkrh gSA jes'k vkSj lR;iky MsLdksa ij
gkFk ekjrs gq, 'kse&'kse ds ukjs yxkrs gSaA igys diwj vkSj
'kekZ] fQj çseçdk'k vkSj nhun;ky dejs ls pys tkrs gSaA
jes'k vkSj lR;iky dks tjk ckn esa /;ku vkrk gS fd os
[kkyh dejs esa 'kse&'kse dj jgs gSaA os nksuksa vpkud gkFk
jksd dj ,d&nwljs dh rjQ ns[krs gSa] Bgkdk yxkrs gSa
vkSj ckgj pys tkrs gSaA
';ke Hkjksls Å¡?k jgk gSA jke Hkjksls mls fgykrk gSA
jke Hkjksls % mB Hkb;k] ';ke Hkjksls! rek'kk [kre gqvkA
';ke Hkjksls % ¼tkx dj½ ckcw yksx pys x;s\
jke Hkjksls % pys x;sA
';ke Hkjksls % D;k&D;k ikl dj x;s\
jke Hkjksls % ikl dj x;s fd jke Hkjksls] jke Hkjksls ds ?kj esa jgsxk]
';ke Hkjksls] ';ke Hkjksls ds ?kj esaA vkSj ckcw yksx
vius&vius ?kj esa jgsxsaA
';ke Hkjksls dh vk¡[ksa QSy tkrh gSaA
';ke Hkjksls % vkSj\
jke Hkjksls % vkSj fd ew¡xQyh ds vk/ks fNyds jke Hkjksls lkQ djsxk]
vk/ks ';ke HkjkslsA
';ke Hkjksls vk¡[ksa >idkrk gSA
';ke Hkjksls % vkSj dqN ugha\
jke Hkjksls % dqN ughaA ¼mls cxy ls idM+dj lh/kk [kM+k djrk gqvk½
vc lh/kk gks tkA cgqr dwM+k dj x;s gSaA lkQ djuk gS!
,d >kM+u ';ke Hkjksls ds gkFkksa esa nsrk gSA nksuksa fQj
dqjfl;k¡ >kM+us yxrs gSaA
ijnk fxjrk gSA
cks/k ç'u
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj dks"Bdksa esa Øela[;k ds funsZ'k }kjk nsa vkSj bdkbZ ds
var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa ls tkap dj ns[k ysaA
9½ jes'k çLrko ds vius leFkZu dks D;ksa okil ysuk pkgrk gS\
d½ mldh vO;kogkfjdrk dks ns[kdj]
87
[k½ mlesa rhu ckj fuEu Lrj 'kCn ds ç;ksx ds dkj.k]
x½ deZpkjh fojks/kh gksus ds dkj.k]
?k½ 'kekZ ds lkFk vius erHksn ds dkj.kA ¼ ½
10½ ^;gk¡ fganh&ls&fganh dh fMD'kujh fey ldrh gS\a ^ ;g dgdj diwj us viuh
fdl Hkkouk ;k t:jr dk ifjp; fn;k gS\
d½ 'kq) fganh dk e[kkSy mM+kus ds fy,]
[k½ fganh ls viuh vufHkKrk çdV djus ds fy,-
x½ fuEuLrj dk lgh vFkZ le>us ds fy,]
?k½ ;g tkuus ds fy, fd fuEuLrj 'kCn xkyh gS ;k ughaA ¼ ½
11½ îkl dj x, fd jke Hkjksls] jke Hkjksls ds ?kj esa jgsxk] ';ke Hkjksls ';ke
Hkjksl ds ?kj esa vkSj ckcw yksx vius&vius ?kj esa jgsaxAs ^ jke Hkjksls ds bl
dFku }kjk ,dkadhdkj us fdl vk'k; dks ladfs rr fd;k gS\
d½ fuEu osru&Hkksxh deZpkfj;ksa ds vkilh fgrksa dh VdjkgV dk]
[k½ deZpkjh laxBuksa dh fujFkZdrk dk]
x½ deZpkfj;ksa ds chp ,drk ds vHkko dk]
?k½ deZpkfj;ksa esa tkx:drk ds vHkko dkA ¼ ½
bl ,dkadh esa dFkk vkSj ?kVukvksa dk furkar vHkko gSA blesa yks xzsM odZlZ
osyQs;j lkslkbVh dh ,d cSBd dks fo"k; cuk;k x;k gSA cSBd dh ,d egRoiw.kZ
vkSipkfjdrk dks utjankt djrs gq, mlds ,tsaMs ls Hkh lnL;ksa dks igys ls
voxr ugha djk;k x;k gSA cSBd dh O;oLFkk Ldwy ds ,d NksVs ls dejs esa dh
x;h gS] ftlesa CySd cksMZ dks gVkdj dksus esa j[k fn;k x;k gSA blesa v/;{k ds
fy, ekLVj dh est vkSj lnL;ksa ds fy, cPpksa ds MsLd dh O;oLFkk gSA inkZ mBus
ds ckn jkstejkZ ds ,djl dkeksa ls Åcs gq, jke Hkjksls vkSj ';ke Hkjksls dqlhZ&est
vkSj MsLdksa ls /kwy >kM+rs gq, fn[kk, x, gSaA ';ke Hkjksls dh f'kdk;r ij fd
bruh /kwy D;ksa mM+krk gS] jke Hkjksls tcko nsrk gS %
jke Hkjksls % llqj jkst&jkst ehfVax gksaxh] rks fdldh tku jgsxh\ vkt
,d dk tUe&fnol gksdj fudyrk gS rks dy nwljs dk
eju&fnolA tuesa ejsa ;s] /kwy [kk,¡ jke Hkjksls] ';ke Hkjksls
¼tksj&tksj ls >kM+rk gqvk½ lcsjs fudkyks] rks 'kke dks pyh
vkrh gSA 'kke dks fudkyks] rks lcsjk ugha gksus nsrhA
';ke Hkjksls % vkt Hkh fdlh dk tue&fnol gS D;k\
jke Hkjksls % irk ugha] dkSu fnol gS\ viuk rks eju&fnol gSA
bls cSBd dh fujFkZdrk dk iwokZHkkl ekuk tk ldrk gS] ftls le; ij mifLFkr
gksdj laxBu dk lsØsVjh 'kekZ vkSj vf/kd xgjk cuk nsrk gSA ^yksx le>rs gSa] esjs
88 cki ds ?kj dk dke gSA dksbZ ,d vkneh oDr ls ugha vkrkA^ dqN lnL;ksa ds vkus
ij Hkh cSBd ds ckjs esa dksbZ ckr u gksdj vkil esa uksd&>ksad] ,d&nwljs ij
NhaVkd'kh] vuqifLFkr v/;{k ds pfj= ij ykaNu vkfn dks ysdj cgl pyrh gS]
pk; vkSj ew¡xQyh dk nkSj pyrk gSA ,dkadh dk ,d frgkbZ Hkkx bUgha fujFkZd
ckrksa esa my> dj jg tkrk gSA
laxBu ds v/;{k dh vuqifLFkfr esa ,d lk/kkj.k lnL; diwj dks v/;{k cukdj
cSBd vkjaHk djus dk ç;kl fd;k tkrk gSA ysfdu ^HkkbZ;ks vkSj cguks* ds lacks/ku
ij vkifÙk dh tkrh gS] ftl ij yEch cgl pyrh gSA ^ysMht+ ,aM tsaVyesu* dh
rtZ ij ^cfguks vkSj Hkkb;ks* dks lgh lacks/ku Lohdj dj ysus ij Hkh dk;Zokgh py
ugha ikrhA lacks/ku ij bl rjg dh vkifÙk vkSj mlds i{k&foi{k dk leFkZu
laxBu ds lnL;ksa dh vxaHkhjrk dk ifjpk;d gSA
ys&nsdj tc lsØsVjh }kjk dk;Zokgh dk vkjaHk gksrk gS] rks ewy çLrko ds iwoZ
Hkwfedk ds :i esa yEcs] mckÅ] vlEc) vkSj vuxZy Hkk"k.k ij chp esa jksd&Vksd]
Vhdk&fVIi.kh gksrh jgrh gSA fdlh çdkj ;g mckÅ /ka/kk [kRe gksrk gS vkSj ikfjr
gksus ds fy, çLrko i<+us dh ckr vkrh gS] rks çLrko gh lsØsVjh dh Qkby ls
xk;c gks tkrk gSA mls dHkh irywu dh tsc esa] dHkh dksV dh tsc esa ;gk¡ rd fd
xqjçhr ds cVqos esa gksus dh ckr dgh tkrh gSA varr% og feyrk gS] lQkbZ ds ckn
bdëk fd, x, dwM+s esaA çLrko ds çk#i dk igyk] fdarq v/kwjk okD; gS] Þge] yks
xzsM odZlZ osYQs;j lkslkbVh ds lHkh lnL;---AÞ okD; iwjk Hkh ugha gks ikrk rc
rd la'kks/ku ds :i esa nks vkifÙk;k¡ bl çdkj mifLFkr dh tkrh gS%a
larks"k % eq>s vkifÙk gSA tc çLrko fgnha esa gS rks laLFkk dk uke Hkh
fganh esa gksuk pkfg,A
nhun;ky % eq>s Hkh vkifÙk gSA tc lc lnL; ;gk¡ mifLFkr ugha gSa] rks
çLrko esa lc lnL;ksa dk mYys[k dSls fd;k tk ldrk gSA
bu nksuksa la'kks/kuksa dk leFkZu Hkh nks lnL; dj nsrs gSaA larks"k ds ;g dgus ij
fd tc laLFkk dk çLrko fganh esa gS rc mldk vaxzsth esa uke gksuk jk"Vª Hkk"kk dk
vieku gS] rks fganh esa lgh uke dh [kkst 'kq: gks tkrh gSA cgqr okn&fookn ds
ckn nksuksa la'kks/kuksa dks Lohdkj djrs gq, çLrko i<+k tkrk gSA çLrko esa ç;qä
rhu LFkkuksa ij ^fuEuLrj^ 'kCn dks ysdj yEch cgl fNM+ tkrh gS] ftldk vFkZ
tkuus ds fy, v/;{k }kjk fMD'kujh dh [kkst vkSj larks"k ls Li"Vhdj.k dh ekax
dh tkrh gSA cgl dks yEck f[kaprs ns[k vkSj i{k&foi{k esa ernku dh fLFkfr esa
cgqr ls lnL; f[kld tkrs gSaA varr% dksje ds vHkko esa v/;{k }kjk ehfVax
cj[kkLr dj nh tkrh gSA cSBd ds ckn ';ke Hkjksls }kjk ;g iwNs tkus ij fd
ckcw yksx D;k ikl dj x, rks jke Hkjksls dgrk gS] îkl dj x, fd jke Hkjksl]s
jke Hkjksls ds ?kj esa jgsxk] ';ke Hkjksls] ';ke Hkjksls ds ?kj esaA vkSj ckcw yksx
vius vius ?kj esa jgsaxAs * ;g dFku cSBd dh fujFkZdrk dks iwjh rjg mn~?kkfVr
djrk gSA
dFkk ds lkj dks i<+dj vkius bldh varoZLrq ds laca/k esa dqN vuqeku vo'; yxk
fy;k gksxkA oLrqr% bl ,dkadh esa ys[kd us fuEu osru&Hkksxh deZpkfj;ksa dh
89
e/;oxhZ;] fo'ks"k :i ls fuEu e/;oxhZ; eukso`fÙk dk dbZ dks.kksa ls fo'ys"k.k fd;k
gSA iwjs ns'k esa bl çdkj ds deZpkjh ,dtqV gksdj viuh leL;kvksa ds lek/kku ds
fy, dHkh lkewfgd la?k"kZ ugha dj ldrsA os vkil esa gh yM+rs&>xM+rs gq,
,d&nwljs ij dhpM+ mNkyrs gSa] nwljksa dh =qfV;ksa dh Nkuchu djrs gSa] viuh
cM+h&ls&cM+h =qfV ij inkZ Mkyrs gSa ;k mldk vkSfpR; fl) djrs gSaA bls gh
,dkadhdkj us viuk fo"k; cuk;k gSA
bl ,dkadh dh varoZLrq dk ,d nwljk egRoiw.kZ i{k gS] vk/kqfudrkoknh Hkkocks/k dh
vyxko dh HkkoukA çLrqr ,dkadh ds lHkh ik=] jke Hkjksl]s ';ke Hkjksls dks
NksM+dj vyx&vyx O;fä gSa] tks ,d nwljs dks viuk fojks/kh ekurs gSaA os
vius&vius fgrksa dks Hkh ,d nwljs ls vyx ekurs gSaA ijLij bZ";kZ&}s"k mu lHkh
dh ,d leku fo'ks"krk gSA voljokfnrk] vfLFkjrk vkSj vfu.kZ; dh viuh fLFkfr
ds dkj.k bl rFkkdfFkr laxBu ds lHkh ik= o`gÙkj lekt :ih e'khu ds iqtsZ
cudj jg x, gSaA lekt dh bl okLrfodrk dks gh ,dkadhdkj us ^cgqr cM+k
loky* 'kh"kZd ,dkadh dh varoZLrq ds :i esa çLrqr fd;k gSA vr% vyxko]
fujFkZdrkcks/k vkfn vk/kqfudrkoknh Hkkocks/k dks Hkh bl ,dkadh dk ,d fo"k; ekuk
tk ldrk gSA
vkidks îwl dh jkr^ dgkuh vkSj ,d O;aX; fuca/k ds }kjk pfj=&fo'ys"k.k ds

egRo ls ifjfpr djk;k tk pqdk gSA ;gk¡ vki ,dkadh ds pfj=&fo/kku dk
v/;;u djus tk jgs gSaA ik=ksa dk pfj=&fp=.k dgkuh dh Hkk¡fr gh ,dkadh dk Hkh
,d egRoiw.kZ rRo ekuk x;k gSA dFkk&rRo dh U;wurk vkSj ?kVukvksa ds vHkko esa
;g ,dkadh ik=ksa dk ,d vtk;c?kj cudj jg x;k gSA jke Hkjksls vkSj ';ke
Hkjksls dks NksM+dj fdlh Hkh ik= esa thorark dh okLrfod gjdr fn[kkbZ ugha
nsrhA 'kekZ eap ij igqaprs gh viuh vgaoknh vuqnkjrk dk ifjp; jke Hkjksls vkSj
';ke Hkjksls ds çfr O;ogkj }kjk ns nsrk gSA ;gh fLFkfr euksjek vkSj larks"k dh Hkh
gS] tks eap ij igq¡prs gh vius fNNysiu vkSj voljoknh ç—fr dk ifjp; ns nsrh
gSaA xqjçhr gh ,slh ik= gS] tks ,dkadh esa var rd viuh 'kkyhurk dk ifjp; nsrh
gSA og ,d vksj ehfVax ds fy, fpafrr fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] rks nwljh vksj vU; lnL;ksa
}kjk ijfuank vkSj nwljksa ij dVk{k ds çfr viuk vlarks"k O;ä djrh gSA og çk;%
^¶yht* ;k Îyht! Iyht! Iyht!^ vkSj ^fnl bt Vwep^ tSls 'kCnksa] okD;ka'kksa ds
ek/;e ls gh viuk fojks/k çdV djrh gSA vuqifLFkr v/;{k ds pfj= guu ls
lacaf/kr okrkZyki ls vR;ar f[kUu gksdj gh mlus nks okD; cksys gSa] ÞeSa blh fy,
vki yksxksa dh ehfVax esa ugha vkuk pkgrh FkhA ;gk¡ dke rks dqN gksrk ugha] cl
blh rjg dh ckrsa gksrh jgrh gSaA** bl çdkj dh ckrksa ls rax vkdj og lsØsVjh
'kekZ ls iwNrh gS] êSa tku ldrh gw¡ ehfVax dc 'kq: gksxh\^ êq>s vkt ehfVax gksrh
ugha fn[kkbZ nsrhA ehfVax dks vlQy gksrs ns[k og lcls igys ogka ls pyh tkrh
gSA
v/;{k dh vuqifLFkfr esa ehfVax dh v/;{krk djus okyk diwj Hkh viuh fu;r vkSj
ç—fr dk iwjk ifjp; jaxeap ij mifLFkr gksrs gh vius ôkg] okg! dFku }kjk ns
nsrk gSA vius okg&okg dk vk'k; crkrs gq, mlus dgk gS] êSa rks bl ij
90
okg&okg dj jgk Fkk fd 'kekZ rhu&rhu ysMht+ ls f?kjk gqvk gSA lsØsVjh gksus ds
;s ets gksrs gSaA^ euksjek vkSj xqjçhr ds çfr vius #[k vkSj vuqifLFkr v/;{k dh
fuank }kjk vius ewyHkwr pfj= dks og iwjh rjg çdV dj nsrk gSA 'ks"k ik=ksa esa
çseçdk'k] nhun;ky] jes'k] eksgu] lR;iky vkfn lHkh ,d fo'ks"k fuEu e/;oxhZ;
ço`fÙk ls lapkfyr gSaA bl ,dkadh esa jke Hkjksls vkSj ';ke Hkjksls&nks ,sls
fuEuoxhZ; ik= Hkh gSa] tks dejs dh lkQ&lQkbZ ds ckn njokts ds ckgj jgdj
vkSj ,dkadh ds vkjaHk rFkk var esa mifLFkr gksdj iwjs ,dkadh ds lkFk gh mlesa
mifLFkr lHkh ik=ksa dh ewy laosnuk dks mn~?kkfVr djrs gSaA viuh vlgk;rk vkSj
vHkkoxzLrrk ds ckotwn ;s nksuksa ik= thou ds ;FkkFkZ ls ifjfpr fn[kk, x, gSaA
vc rd vkius ,d dgkuh vkSj ,d fuca/k ds ek/;e ls jpuk&;qxhu ifjos'k ds

egRo ls ifjp; çkIr dj fy;k gSA ;gk¡ vki Hkkjrh; lekt vkSj jktuhfr ds
lkrosa n'kd fo'ks"kdj bafnjk ljdkj ds cuus ds ckn ds ifjos'k dk v/;;u djus
tk jgs gSaA bl dky dk Li"V mYys[k lR;iky uked ik= }kjk ,dkadh esa gqvk
gSA oLrqr% Lok/khurk ds ckn Hkkjrh; lekt esa tk;t&uktk;t lHkh çdkj dh
Lora=rk dh Hkkouk dks LoPNanrk ds :i esa c<+kok feykA lkB ds ckn ds n'kd esa
;g ço`fÙk vR;ar cyorh gqbZA Lok/khurk ls iwoZ f'kf{kr e/;oxZ ds ,d cM+s leqnk;
esa tks çxfr'khyrk vkSj tkx:drk dh Hkkouk Fkh] og Lok/khurk ds ckn /khjs&/khjs
dqafBr gksus yxhA lkB ds ckn mlesa vkSj vf/kd fxjkoV vkbZA ljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa
esa dk;Zjr e/;oxZ] fo'ks"k :i ls f'kf{kr fuEu e/;oxZ esa ,d fo'ks"k çdkj dh
ekufldrk dk fodkl gqvkA og fuEu oxZ ds lkFk viuk rkyesy cSBk ugha ldrk
Fkk vkSj mPp e/;oxZ dh rjg mPp oxZ esa ços'k djus dh egRodka{kk dks Hkh iky
ugha ldrk FkkA vr% og uhps vkSj Åij nksuksa rjQ ls dV dj vareqZ[kh vFkkZr~
vius&vki esa lhfer vkSj can gksus yxkA ,d vkSipkfjdrk dh iwfrZ ds fy, mlus
cgqr gh lhfer {ks= ds dY;k.kdkjh laxBuksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh fd;k] ysfdu lkewfgd
,drk] O;kid ljksdkj vkSj nkf;Roghurk ds dkj.k bl çdkj ds laxBu çk;%
futhZo gh cus jgsA ,sls ifjos'k ds f'kf{kr fuEue/;oxZ ds ,d NksVs ls rcds ;k
leqnk; dks pqu dj eksgu jkds'k us mls vius ,dkadh ^cgqr cM+k loky^ dk fo"k;
cuk;k gSA
vius ;qxhu ifjos'k ds lkFk fdlh jpuk esa ys[kd dh viuh ekufldrk dk Hkh
fo'ks"k ;ksxnku gksrk gSA 1924 esa tUes eksgu jkds'k vkSj 1925 esa tUes gfj'kadj
ijlkbZ ledkyhu jgs gSaA ysfdu vius ;qxhu ifjos'k ds lanHkZ nksuksa dh ekufld
çfrfØ;kvksa esa i;kZIr varj feysxkA ijlkbZ esa ,d xgu jktuhfrd psruk] O;oLFkk
ds fojks/k dk rh[kk Loj vkSj lkekftd çfrc)rk feysxh] mlds n'kZu eksgu jkds'k
esa ugha gksrsA vr% viuh lhfer] O;fä dsafær] ekufldrk ds dkj.k muds ,dkadh
^cgqr cM+k loky* ds vf/kdka'k ik= vyx&Fkyx] vkRec)] ,d nwljs ds çfr bZ";kZ
ls vksrçksr gksdj deZpkjh laxBu tSlh lkFkZd laLFkk dks gkL;kLin cuk nsrs gSaA
mldh cSBdksa dks viuh HkM+kl fudkyus dk ,d ek/;e cukuk vius ifjos'k ds
çfr ys[k ds furkar rVLFk vkSj mnklhu –f"Vdks.k dk ifjpk;d gSA
91
vkids le{k fiNyh bdkbZ esa ôS".ko dh fQlyu* 'kh"kZd dh O;aX;kRedrk ij
foLrkj ls fopkj fd;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ ,dkadh ds lanHkZ esa ^cgqr cM+k loky* 'kh"kZd
dh lkFkZdrk ij fopkj fd;k tk jgk gSA oLrqr% ;g 'kh"kZd Hkh O;aX;kRed gS] tks
,dkadh dh varoZLrq dks O;aX;ewyd cukrs gq, jpuk ds çfrik| ds lkFk vR;ar
dq'kyrkiwoZd tksM+k x;k gSA vf/kdka'k ikBd vkSj çk;% vkykspd Hkh] ^cgqr cM+k
loky* 'kh"kZd dks deZpkfj;ksa ds fgr ls laca/k j[kus okys cM+s&cM+s lokyksa ;k ns'k
ds lkeus mifLFkr cM+s&cM+s eqíksa ls tksM+dj ns[krs gSaA bl ,dkadh esa fuEu osru
Hkksxh deZpkfj;ksa dh vkokl&O;oLFkk dk eqík Hkh cSBd ds çLrko dk çeq[k loky
;k eqík gh gSA ckotwn blds] ;g 'kh"kZd bl rjg ds lokyksa ds egRo dks
js[kkafdr ugha djrkA
oLrqr% bl ,dkadh esa lcls cM+s loky ds :i esa fuEu osru Hkksxh deZpkfj;ksa ds
ek/;e ls f'kf{kr fuEu e/;oxhZ; ekufldrk ij dVk{k fd;k x;k gSA buds chp
,drk dk vHkko] vius lkewfgd fgrksa ds çfr mnklhurk] vuqmÙkjnkf;Roiw.kZ
okn&fookn] ,d nwljs dks uhpk vkSj ghu fn[kkus dh ço`fÙk] laxfBr la?k"kZ dh
v{kerk vkfn dks bl ,dkadh esa ^cgqr cM+k loky^ 'kh"kZd ds }kjk js[kkafdr fd;k
x;k gSA ;gh og cgqr cM+k loky gS] tks vkokl ls lacaf/kr eqís ij gksus okyh
cSBd dks fujFkZd cuk nsrk gSA ;gk¡ loky vius O;aX;kFkZd vk'k; esa fuEu
e/;oxhZ; pfj= dks gh vf/kd js[kkafdr djrk gSA bls ge ,dkadh ds çfrik| ij
fopkj djrs gq, vf/kd foLrkj ls le>us dk ç;kl djsaxAs
cks/k ç'u
vc rd vkius ,dkadh ds ewy ikB ds okpu ds lkFk gh mlds dFkklkj] mldh
varoZLrq] mlds pfj=&fo/kku] ifjos'k vkSj 'kh"kZd ls lacaf/kr lkexzh dk v/;;u
dj fy;k gSA buls lacaf/kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj dks"Bdksa esa Øela[;k ds funsZ'k }kjk nsa
vkSj vius mÙkjksa dks bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa ls feykdj tk¡p ysaA
12½ ^Hkkb;ks vkSj cguks^ lacks/ku ij lcls igys fdl ik= us vkifÙk dh\
d½ jes'k us]
[k½ eksgu us]
x½ lR;iky us
?k½ çseçdk'k usA ¼ ½
13½ v/;{k dh vuqifLFkfr esa ehfVax ds fy, fdls v/;{k cuk;k x;k\
d½ nhun;ky dks]
[k½ eksgu dks]
x½ diwj dks]
?k½ çseçdk'k dksA ¼ ½
92
14½ ehfVax dh v/;{krk djus okyk diwj fdl t:jh dke ls tYnh tkuk pkgrk
gS\
d½ cktkj ls dqN [kjhnus ds fy,]
[k½ euksjek ds lkFk fdlh iwoZfuf'pr LFkku ij tkus ds fy,]
x½ ?kj igq¡pus ds fy,]
?k½ ckgj ls vk;s gq, fdlh fe= ls feyus ds fy,A ¼ ½
vH;kl
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj [kkyh NksM+s x, LFkku esa nsa vkSj vius mÙkjksa dks bdkbZ
ds var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa ls feykdj tk¡p ysaA
1½ çLrko ds igys okD; ij çLrqr fd, x, nks la'kks/kuksa dk pkj iafä;ksa esa
mYys[k djsa &
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2½ ehfVax ds çLrko esa rhu txg ^fuEuLrj* ds ç;ksx dks ysdj eksgu us D;k
vkifÙk dh gS\ mÙkj Ng iafä;ksa esa nsa &
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3½ ,dkadh dh varoZLrq dks Ng iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsa &
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93
4½ bl ,dkadh ds pfj=&fo/kku dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks Ng iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsa &
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5½ ,dkadh esa fpf=r xqjçhr ds pfj= dh fo'ks"krk ij ik¡p iafä;ksa esa vius fopkj
çLrqr djsa &
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6½ vius ledkyhu ifjos'k ds çfr eksgu jkds'k vkSj gfj'kadj ijlkbZ dh
ekufld çfrfØ;k ds varj dks 8 iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsAa ¼blds fy, bdkbZ&2
ds ifjos'k fp=.k dks Hkh ns[k ysa½
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7½ ^lcls cM+k loky* 'kh"kZd ds ewy vk'k; dks Li"V djrs gq, mldh lkFkZdrk
ij vius fopkj Ng iafä;ksa esa O;ä djsa &
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94
vkius vc rd ,d dgkuh îwl dh jkr* vkSj O;aX; fuca/k ôS".ko dh fQlyu^ ds
lajpuk f'kYi ij fopkj fd;k gSA ;gk¡ vki ,d ,dkadh ds lajpuk&f'kYi ij
fopkj djus tk jgs gSaA oSls rks vkius ns[kk gksxk fd dgkuh vkSj fuca/k esa Hkh ik=ksa
ds okrkZyki esa laokn ;kstuk dh tkrh gSA ysfdu bu fo/kkvksa esa laoknksa dk egRo
i;kZIr xkS.k gksrk gSA tcfd ,d –'; vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls jaxeaph; fo/kk gksus ds
dkj.k ,dkadh ds fy, laokn cgqr vf/kd egRo j[krs gSaA ukVd vkSj ,dkadh dh
iwjh lajpuk gh laoknksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA blfy, ,dkadh ds lajpuk&f'kYi dks
Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh ds nks vyx&vyx Hkkxksa esa ck¡V dj leqfpr <ax ls
foosfpr&fo'ysf"kr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA jpuk] ds ;s nksuksa midj.k ,dkadh esa
laoknksa dk vax cu dj vkrs gSa] vr% bldh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh ds Lo:i esa dkQh
varj vk tkrk gSA ukVdh; laoknksa dh Hkk"kk esa in&jpuk] okD;&jpuk ds lanHkZ esa
O;kdj.k ds fu;eksa dh i;kZIr mis{kk feysxhA blds lkFk gh vuqrku ¼ygtk½]
cyk?kkr] nks 'kCnksa ds chp dk varjky] fojke&fpàksa] euksHkko lwpd fpàksa vkfn ds
ç;ksx ls Hkk"kk esa vfHkO;fä dks vf/kd çHkko'kkyh cuk;k tkrk gSA
,dkadh ds lajpuk&f'kYi dh nwljh egRoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk gS] mldh jaxeaph;rkA
,dkadh dh jpuk jaxeap ij fn[kk, tkus ds mn~ns'; ls gksrh gSA blfy, dq'ky
vkSj lpsr ,dkadhdkj dks viuh vksj ls dks"Bdksa esa okrkoj.k] /ofu] Nk;k] çdk'k]
eap&lTtk] ik=ksa dh euksn'kk rFkk vkafxd ps"Vkvksa ds laca/k esa dqN lq>ko] ladsr
Hkh nsus iM+rs gSa] ftUgsa ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh esa jax&funsZ'k dgk tkrk gSA vr%
mi;qZä rF;ksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj jaxeaph;rk vkSj laokn&dkS'ky dh –f"V ls ^cgqr
cM+k loky* 'kh"kZd ,dkadh ds lajpuk f'kYi ij fopkj djuk gekjs fy, vf/kd
mi;ksxh vkSj lkFkZd gksxkA
,dkadh dh çFke vkSj ewyHkwr fo'ks"krk gS] mldh jaxeaph;rkA bl laca/k esa eksgu
jkds'k dh ekU;rk gS fd ^fy[kk x;k ukVd ,d gfì;ksa ds <k¡ps dh rjg gS] ftls
jaxeap dk okrkoj.k gh ekalyrk çnku djrk gSA^ bl ,dkadh dk jaxeap vR;ar
lknk] lgt vkSj LokHkkfod gS] ftlds fy, fdlh lkt&lTtk ds rke&>ke dh
t:jr ugha gSA eap ds :i esa Ldwy dk ,d dejk gS] ftlesa CySd cksMZ dks dksus
esa j[kdj ehfVax ds fy, txg rS;kj dh x;h gSA v/;{k ds fy, ekLVj dh
dqlhZ&est vkSj lnL;ksa ds fy, cPpksa ds MsLd dks >kM+&iksaN dj rS;kj dj fn;k
x;k gSA lkeus nhokj ij lalkj dk ,d cgqr cM+k uD'kk yVd jgk gSA dejs esa
vkus&tkus ds fy, nksuksa rjQ njokts gSaA blls Li"V gS fd jaxeap rS;kj djus ds
fy, fdlh fo'ks"k ç;kl dh t:jr ugha gSA
tgk¡ rd ik=ksa ds p;u dk ç'u gS] buesa jke Hkjksls vkSj ';ke Hkjksls nksuksa Ldwy
ds iqjkus deZpkjh gSaA ljdkjh deZpkjh leqnk; ls rhu L=h vkSj lkr iq#"k ik= gSa]
ftUgsa Hkkjr ds fdlh Hkh NksVs&cM+s 'kgj esa vklkuh ls tqVk;k tk ldrk gSA LFkku
vkSj le; dh ,drk dh –f"V ns[ksa rks iwjk ,dkadh Ms<+&nks ?kaVs esa ,d dejs ds
vanj vklkuh ls çLrqr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,d jax&f'kYih ds :i esa eksgu jkds'k
us /ofu] Nk;k çdk'k vkfn vusd ;qfä;ksa ds ;ksx }kjk fganh jaxeap ds {ks= esa 95
vusd ç;ksx fd, gSaA ysfdu bl ,dkadh esa bu ;qfä;ksa ;k mik;ksa dk Hkh lgkjk
ugha fy;k x;k gSA vr% blesa fdlh cgqr dq'ky] çf'kf{kr funsZ'kd dh Hkh
vko';drk ugha gSA –';&;kstuk ;k –'; ifjorZu ds vHkko esa bl ukVd dk
eapu ;k mls jaxeap ij çLrqr djuk vkSj Hkh vklku gks x;k gSA le; ;k dky
rFkk LFkku dh ,drk ds lkFk gh dk;Z dh ,drk vFkkZr~ ek= ,d fuf'pr eqís ij
ckr&phr ls ladyu =; dh –f"V ls Hkh ;g ,dkadh jaxeaph;rk dh 'krZ dks iwjh
djrk gSA ;g ckr nwljh gS fd ftl loky ;k eqís ij fopkj&foe'kZ }kjk ,d
fu.kZ; ysus ds fy, ehfVax dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k gS] ml ij xaHkhj ckr&phr u
gksdj nwljs fo"k;ksa ij gh ckr&phr vf/kd gksrh gSA ;g fo"k;karj ,dkadh dh
varoZLrq vkSj mlds çfrik| ls tqM+dj vR;ar çklafxd cu x;k gSA ^cgqr cM+k
loky* ds :i esa ys[kd us bls js[kkafdr djuk pkgk gSA vkilh uksd&>ksad]
NhaVkd'kh] ikjLifjd bZ";kZ&}s"k ,d nwljs ls vyx&Fkyx jgdj fujFkZd dk;ksaZ esa
yxs jgus dh fuEu e/;oxhZ; ço`fÙk dk mn~?kkVu bl fo"k;karj ls vPNh rjg O;ä
gks tkrk gSA bl çdkj ;g ,dkadh jaxeaph;rk dh lHkh 'krksaZ dks vPNh rjg iwjh
djus ds dkj.k ,d vR;ar lQy ,dkadh ekuk tk ldrk gSA
,dkadh dk çk.k gS] mlesa lgt&LokHkkfod laoknksa dh ;kstukA bl ,dkadh esa

eksgu jkds'k us viuh vktekbZ gqbZ reke lkjh jaxeaph; ;qfä;ksa dks NksM+dj vius
laokn dkS'ky dk pjeksRd"kZ çdV fd;k gSA ukVd ;k ,dkadh ds laokn vR;ar
pqLr&nq#Lr vkSj NksVs gksus pkfg,] ftuls ik=ksa dh euksn'kk Hkh vPNh rjg O;ä
gks ldsA blds lkFk gh jax'kkyk ¼fFk,Vj½ esa mifLFkr n'kZdksa ij Hkh mudk iwjk
çHkko iM+uk pkfg,A os ;g u le>sa fd ukVd ns[k jgs gSaA thou esa lk{kkr
mifLFkr okLrfod fØ;k&dyki dh lPph vuqHkwfr n'kZd dj ldsa & ;g egRoiw.kZ
dk;Z laoknksa ds ek/;e ls gh iwjk gks ikrk gSA bl dkS'ky dk ifjp; ys[kd us
,dkadh ds vkjaHk esa bl çdkj fn;k gS %
îjnk mBus ij jke Hkjksls vkSj ';ke Hkjksls MsLdksa ls /kwy >kM+ jgs gSaA^
';ke Hkjksls % ¼gkFk jksddj½ jke Hkjksls!
jke Hkjksls fcuk lqus /kwy >kM+rk jgrk gSA
% , jke Hkjksls!
jke Hkjksls % ¼fcuk gkFk jksds½ D;k gS\
';ke Hkjksls % bruh /kwy D;ksa >kM+rk gS\ vkfgLrk ls ugha >kM+k tkrk\
jkst&jkst dh /kwy ls QsQM+s igys gh [kk, gq, gSaA
jke Hkjksls % rks jksrk D;ksa gS\ tku ik¡p cjl esa ugha tk,xh] pkj cjl
esa pyh tk,xhA
bu laoknksa dh lgtrk n'kZd dks iwjh rjg viuh vksj vk—"V djus esa l{ke gSA
;g vf'kf{kr deZpkfj;ksa dh vkilh ckrphr gSA ehfVax esa Hkkx ysus okys f'kf{kr
ik=ksa ds laokn muds pfj= dks Hkh n'kZdksa ds lkeus mn~?kkfVr dj nsrs gSaA blls
lEc) ,d vkjafHkd mnkgj.k gS%
96
^jke Hkjksls vkSj ';ke Hkjksls nksuksa nk;ha rjQ ds njokts ds ckgj cSBs gSaA jke
Hkjksls gkFk ij lqjrh eyus yxrk gSA ';ke Hkjksls Å¡?kus dh eqæk esa Vsd yxk ysrk
gSA euksjek] larks"k vkSj xqjçhr mlh njokts ls vkrh gSaA jke Hkjksls vk¡[ksa mBkdj
fp<+rs gq, Hkko ls mUgsa vkrs ns[krk gSA^
euksjek % D;k ckr gS] 'kekZ\ igjk D;ksa fcBk j[kk gS ckgj\ ehfVax esa
ekj/kkM+ rks ugha gksus okyh gSA
'kekZ % ¼mBrk gqvk½ lk<+s ik¡p ct x, vki yksxksa ds\
euksjek % vHkh dksbZ Hkh rks ugha vk;k] flok; gekjsA
'kekZ % lk<+s Ng rd vkjke ls vk,¡xs yksxA oDr dh ikcanh rks flQZ
,d vkneh ij gSA D;ksafd og dec[r lsØsVjh gSA
larks"k % eSaus blhfy, viuk uke okil ys fy;k FkkA eq¶r dh
fljnnhZA
euksjek % rwus blhfy, uke okil ys fy;k Fkk fd 'kekZ ds f[kykQ rq>s
rhu oksV Hkh ugha feyrs! voj 'kekZ bt xzsVA
larks"k % ykax fyo 'kekZ!
euksjek % ¼xqjçhr ls½ rw bruh xqi&pqi D;ksa gS\
larks"k % 'kekZ ds lkeus ;g ges'kk xqi&pqi gks tkrh gSA
xqjçhr % Iyht!
eap ij mifLFkr gksrs gh ;gk¡ pkjksa ik=ksa dh uh;r vkSj muds pfj= dk iwokZHkkl
n'kZd dks gks tkrk gS] tks muds fo"k; esa var rd cjdjkj jgrk gSA f'kf{kr
leqnk; esa çpfyr O;ogkj dh Hkk"kk esa ^voj 'kekZ bt xzsV*] ^ykax fyo 'kekZ^]
Îyht^ vkfn vaxzsth ds 'kCn vR;ar LokHkkfod gSaA euksjek vkSj 'kekZ ds vkjafHkd
okD;ksa esa fganh ds okD; xBu] ygts] vkSj ç'u ds mÙkj esa ç'u laokn dh Hkk"kk dks
vf/kd O;atd cukrk gSA blds lkFk gh dejs ds ckgj dk ;FkkFkZ okrkoj.k iwjs
–'; dks çkekf.kd cukus esa lgk;d gSA bldk n'kZd ij vR;ar vuqdwy vlj
iM+sxkA
vkxs pydj çseçdk'k] nhun;ky] eksgu] jes'k] vkSj lR;iky Hkh eap ij mifLFkr
gksrs gq, gh vius laokn ;k dk;ksaZ }kjk viuh&viuh uh;r vkSj pfj= dk iwokZHkkl
n'kZdksa ds lkeus ns nsrs gSaA iwjs ,dkadh esa ,dkadhdkj us vius bl vkjafHkd ladsr
dk dq'kyrkiwoZd fuokZg fd;k gSA vuqifLFkr v/;{k dh fuank djrs gq, diwj ds
jgL;ksn~?kkVu ij ik=ksa ds e/; gksus okyk laokn bldk ,d Toyar mnkgj.k gS %
diwj % eSa igys gh dgrk Fkk] bl vkneh dks ps;jeSu ugha cukuk
pkfg,A vkt Nqêh dk fnu gS] oSls Hkh BaM gS] ?kj esa jtkbZ esa
nqcddj lks jgk gksxkA l‚jh---?kj esa ugha gksxk] og gksxk
vkt mlds ;gk¡---A
larks"k % fdlds ;gk¡\
xqjçhr % Iyht!
97
larks"k % uke rks tku ysus nsA
xqjçhr % Iyht! Iyht! Iyht!
diwj % xqjçhr th uke tkurh gSaA
larks"k % tkurh gS rw\
xqjçhr % eSa blhfy, vki yksxksa dh ehfVax esa ugha vkuk pkgrhA ;gk¡
dke rks dqN gksrk ugha] cl blh rjg dh ckrsa gksrh jgrh
gSaA
diwj % xqjçhr th dh lgsyh gS ogA
larks"k % vPNk---og\
diwj % gk¡] oghA
larks"k % ;g dc ls\
diwj % dc ls\ nks lky ls rks eSa gh tkurk gw¡A
larks"k % ij og rks igys---A
diwj % vki cgqr iqjkuh ckr dj jgh gSaA yxrk gS] vki 'kgj esa
ugha jgrhaA
larks"k % ¼xqjçhr ls½ lp ckr gS ;g\
xqjizhr % ¼'kekZ ls½ eSa tku ldrh gw¡] ehfVax dc 'kq: gksxh\
mi;qZä laoknksa ds ek/;e ls ^yks isM odZlZ osyQs;j lkslkbVh* ds lnL;ksa ds
oSpkfjd Lrj] mudh ekufldrk] fNNysiu vkSj nkf;Roghurk dk cks/k n'kZd dks
vPNh rjg gks tk,xkA blds lkFk gh ;gk¡ laokn dh Hkk"kk dh ,d fof'k"V ç—fr
dk Hkh iwjk ifjp; feyrk gSA ckrphr ds ygts] nks 'kCnksa ds chp dk varjky]
cyk?kkr] 'kCn ;k okD; ds var dk fjä LFkku] lacks/ku okpd] ç'u okpd fpàksa
vkfn ds leqfpr ç;ksx }kjk laoknksa dks vf/kd pqLr&nq#Lr vkSj Hkk"kk dks vR;ar
O;atd cukus dk ç;kl bl ,dkadh esa fd;k x;k gSA mä laoknksa esa ç'u fpà ¼\½
dgha ç'u dk cks/k djkrk gS rks dgha vk'p;Z dk] dgha mis{kk dk rks dgha ftKklk
dkA blls Li"V gS fd laokn&dkS'ky ds lkFk gh bl ,dkadh }kjk eksgu jkds'k
dh Hkk"kk laca/kh xgjh ij[k vkSj vfHk/kk] y{k.kk] O;atuk tSlh 'kCn&'kfä;ksa ds
leqfpr ç;ksx dh lkeF;Z Hkh mn~?kkfVr gqbZ gSA
mi;qZä foospu&fo'ys"k.k ds ckn ge dg ldrs gSa fd ^cgqr cM+k loky^ 'kh"kZd
,dkadh vius laokn&dkS'ky ds dkj.k vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSA vius lkekftd&
jktuhfrd ifjos'k ds çfr ys[kd dh ekufldrk dk Lo:i pkgs tSlk gks] thou
ds çfr mldh –f"V] #[k #>ku pkgs tSlk gks] ysfdu mldh jaxeaph; le> vkSj
mlds laokn&dkS'ky dh –f"V ls ^cgqr cM+k loky^ ,d lQy ,dkadh gSA ik=ksa
dh ekufldrk ds lkFk ,dkadhdkj dh ekufldrk dk rknkRE; laoknksa dks
LokHkkfodrk gh ugha thoUrrk Hkh çnku djrk gSA
98
îwl dh jkr* dgkuh vkSj ôS".ko dh fQlyu^ 'kh"kZd O;aX;&fuca/k ds çfrik| dk
v/;;u djus ds ckn vkius çfrik| ds 'kkfCnd vFkZ vkSj mlds vk'k; dks vPNh
rjg le> fy;k gksxkA ;gk¡ ge eksgu jkds'k dk ,d egRoiw.kZ ,dkadh ^cgqr cM+k
loky^ ds izfrik| ij fopkj djus tk jgs gSaA bl 'kh"kZd dh mi;qärk vkSj
çklafxdrk ij fopkj djrs gq, geus ,dkadh ds çfrik| dh vksj Hkh ladsr fd;k
FkkA bl çfØ;k esa geus ns[kk Fkk fd f'kf{kr fuEu e/;oxZ ds lkeus mifLFkr
cM+s&cM+s loky ys[kd ds lkeus mrus egRoiw.kZ ugha gSa] ftruk cM+k loky ml
oxZ dk Lo;a dk pfj= gSA bl pfj= dk mn~?kkVu gh ,dkadh dk ewy çfrik| gS]
ftls ,dkadhdkj us f'kf{kr fuEu e/;oxhZ; ik=ksa dh okrkZ ds ek/;e ls lEiUu
fd;k gSA
bl ,dkadh esa eksgu jkds'k us ^yks isM odZlZ osyQs;j lkslkbVh* dh ,d ehfVax ds
lanHkZ esa jkstxkj 'kqnk f'kf{kr fuEu e/;oxZ dh ,d fo'ks"k ekufldrk dks viuk
fo"k; cuk;k gSA ;g oxZ dHkh ,dtqV gksdj fdlh cM+s vkSj lkewfgd dk;Z ds fy,
la?k"kZ ugha dj ldrkA ijLij ,d&nwljs ij dhpM+ mNkyuk] ,d&nwljs dh fuank
djuk] nwljksa ij NhaVkd'kh djuk gh tSls mldk mn~ns'; cu x;k gSA lkekftd
vkSj laxBu ds dk;ZØeksa esa Hkh ,d&nwljs dh Vkax [khapuk] lkFkZd dk;ksaZ esa ck/kk
mifLFkr djuk] vius O;fäxr LokFkZ vkSj ladh.kZ fopkj/kkjk dks vf/kd egRo nsuk]
vius eu dh xyktr ;k {kqærk dks çnf'kZr djuk gh mldh ç—fr cu x;h gSA
bl oxZ&leqnk; ls dqN pqus gq, ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls bl ,dkadh esa ys[kd us ,d
lewps oxZ ds thou dh dVq] folaxr] —f=e] ik[kaMiw.kZ] {kqæ eukso`fÙk dk dykRed
mn~?kkVu fd;k gSA ;gh bl jpuk dk çfrik| gS] ftls jaxeaph; dkS'ky ds ek/;e
ls vR;f/kd çHkkoiw.kZ cukdj n'kZdksa ds le{k çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
fdlh jpuk ds çfrik| ij fopkj djrs gq, gekjs lkeus mlds leqfpr ewY;kadu
dk Hkh ç'u vkrk gSA fdlh jpuk dh çHkkoksRikndrk ewY;kadu ds fy, dksbZ ,slh
dlkSVh ugha cu ldrh] tks çfrik| esa O;ä ys[kd dh ewY;&–f"V ;k thou&–f"V
dk vkSfpR; fl) dj ldsA blfy, çfrik| dk ewY;kadu djrs gq, gekjs fy, ;g
Hkh ns[kuk t:jh gks tkrk gS fd mlds ek/;e ls ys[kd us n'kZd vkSj ikBd ds
lkeus D;k lans'k çLrqr fd;k gSA bl –f"V ls ns[ksa rks ,slk yxrk gS fd fuEu
e/;oxZ dh ekufldrk ij O;aX; djrs gq, ys[kd us mldh fujFkZdrk ds lkFk gh
laxBu dh fujFkZdrk dks Hkh js[kkafdr dj fn;k gSA lkekftd fodkl ds fy,
lekt esa ifjorZu ds fy, lkekftd&oxhZ; laxBuksa dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk ls
budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ;g lgh gS fd e/;oxZ viuh nks eq¡gh ço`fÙk vkSj
<qyeqy uhfr ds dkj.k fdlh Hkh çdkj ds laxBu ds çfrA vius nkf;Ro dk
leqfpr fuokZg dj ldus esa çk;% vleFkZ jgk gSA bl –f"V ls ,dkadh dk çfrik|
,d okLrfodrk dks lgh <ax ls js[kkafdr djus ds dkj.k mfpr ekuk tk ldrk
gS] ysfdu vius vkxzg&vuqjks/k ;k lans'k esa og vk'kadk dh xqatkb'k Hkh iSnk dj
nsrk gSA blls n'kZd&ikBd ds e/; laxBu&fojks/k dh Hkkouk dks cy fey ldrk
gSA ^yks isM odZlZ osyQs;j lkslkbVh* tSls laxBu dh fujFkZdrk vkSj vjktdrk
bl vksj ,d Li"V ladsr gSA
99
cks/k ç'u
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj dks"Bdksa esa Øela[;k dk funsZ'k djrs gq, nsa vkSj bdkbZ
15½ ^cgqr cM+k loky^ ,dkadh dh jaxeaph;rk dh lQyrk ds fy, fdl rRo dks
lokZf/kd çeq[k ekuk tk ldrk gS\
d½ jaxeap dh lknxh vkSj lgtrk dks]
[k½ /ofu] çdk'k vkSj Nk;k ds funsZ'k dks]
x½ dq'ky laokn&;kstuk dks]
?k½ O;kogkfjd Hkk"kk dksA ¼ ½
16½ bl ,dkadh ds ik= eq[;r% lekt ds fdl oxZ ls fy, x, gSa\
d½ mPp oxZ ls]
[k½ fuEu e/; oxZ ls]
x½ mPp e/; oxZ ls]
?k½ fuEu oxZ lsA ¼ ½
17½ êSaus blhfy, viuk uke okil ys fy;k FkkA eq¶r dh fljnnhZA^ larks"k dk ;g
dFku mldh fdl ço`fÙk dk lwpd gS\
d½ vius >wBs vga dks çdV djus dh]
[k½ Li"Vokfnrk dh]
x½ viuh O;kogkfjdrk dh]
?k½ viuh mnkjrk dhA ¼ ½
18½ bl ,dkadh dk eq[; çfrik| D;k gS\
d½ deZpkjh laxBuksa dh fujFkZdrk dk çfriknu]
[k½ fuEu e/;oxhZ; pfj= dh =qfV;ksa dk mn~?kkVu]
x½ Hkkjrh; turk esa tkx:drk ds vHkko dk çfriknu
?k½ ik=ksa dh euksn'kk dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.kA ¼ ½
vH;kl
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj fjä LFkku esa nsa vkSj vius mÙkjksa dks bdkbZ ds var esa
fn, x, mÙkjksa ls feykdj tk¡p ysaA
8½ bl ,dkadh dh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh ij vyx&vyx fopkj djuk D;ksa t:jh ugha
gS\ viuk mÙkj ik¡p iafä;ksa esa nsa &
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100
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9½ bl ,dkadh dh jaxeaph;rk ij ik¡p iafä;ksa esa vius fopkj O;ä djsaA
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10½ bl ,dkadh esa ç;qä laokn&dkS'ky dks Ng iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsaA
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11½ bl ,dkadh ds çfrik| dks ik¡p iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsaA
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12½ bl ,dkadh dh varoZLrq vkSj mlds çfrik| ls ikBd&n'kZd ds e/; fdl
xyr lans'k ds igqapus dh vk'kadk gS\ mÙkj pkj iafä;ksa esa nsaA
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101
bl bdkbZ dk leqfpr v/;;u djus ds ckn vki fuEufyf[kr rF;ksa dks le>us ds
lkFk gh mls viuh Hkk"kk esa fy[k ldrs gSa &
• blesa ,dkadh fo/kk ds egRo ij Hkh çdk'k Mkyk x;k gS] ftlls vki ,d
lkfgR;&fo/kk ds :i esa ,dkadh ds egRo ij vius fopkj çdV dj ldrs gSaA
blesa ,dkadh ds lkj vkSj mldh varoZLrq dk foLr`r foospu&fo'ys"k.k fd;k
x;k gSA bls i<+dj vki bl ,dkadh dh varoZLrq dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks Lo;a
viuh Hkk"kk esa fy[k ldrs gSaA
• bl ,dkadh ds ifjos'k ij xaHkhjrk ds lkFk gh blds 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk ij
Hkh foLrkj ls fopkj fd;k x;k gS] ftls /;ku esa j[krs gq, vki ifjos'k vkSj
'kh"kZd dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks Hkh js[kkafdr dj ldrs gSaA
• blesa ,dkadh ds lajpuk&f'kYi ij jaxeaph;rk vkSj laokn&dkS'ky ds lanHkZ esa
fopkj fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa bldh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh laca/kh fo'ks"krk,¡ Hkh
lksnkgj.k foosfpr fo'ysf"kr gqbZ gSaA bu ls lacaf/kr lHkh fo'ks"krkvksa dks vki
viuh Hkk"kk esa vPNh rjg çdV dj ldrs gSaA
• blesa ,dkadh ds çfrik| dk fo'ys"k.k djrs gq, mlds vkSfpR;&vukSfpR; dk
ewY;kadu Hkh fd;k x;k gS] vr% vki viuh Hkk"kk esa çfrik| ij fopkj djrs
gq, mldk leqfpr ewY;kadu Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
eksgu jkds'k % O;fäRo vkSj —frRo % M‚0 lq"kek vxzoky] iap'khy çdk'ku] t;iqj
302002A
eksgu jkds'k dh jax l`f"V % txnh'k 'kekZ] jk/kk—".k çdk'ku] fnYyhA
eksgu jkds'k ds ukVd % M‚0 f}tjkt ;kno] lkfgR; yksd] dkuiqjA
vius ukVdksa ds nk;js esa % frydjke 'kekZ] vk;Z cqd fMiks] fnYyhA
eksgu jkds'k % jax&f'kYi vkSj çn'kZu % M‚0 t;nso rustk] jk/kk—".k çdk'ku]
nfj;kxat] ubZ fnYyh&110002
1½ [k 2½ x 3½ x 4½ [k 5½ [k 6½ x
7½ x 8½ [k 9½ [k 10½ ?k 11½ [k 12½ [k
13½ [k 14½ [k 15½ x 16½ [k 17½ d 18½ [k
102
1½ igyk la'kks/ku ;g gS fd tc çLrko fganh esa gS rks laLFkk dk uke Hkh fganh esa
gksuk pkfg,A nwljk la'kks/ku gS fd tc lc lnL; mifLFkr ugha gksa rks çLrko
esa ^lc lnL;ksa^ dk mYys[k dSls fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2½ çLrko esa rhu txg ^fuEuLrj^ 'kCn ds ç;ksx ij eksgu us vkifÙk dh gS fd
vkt ge fuEuLrj ds deZpkjh gSa] rks t:jh ugha gS fd thouHkj fuEuLrj ds
gh deZpkjh jgsaxsA vr% gekjs fy, fuEuLrj dh vkokl&O;oLFkk gks vkSj gekjs
?kj Hkh fuEuLrj ds gksa & ,slk çLrko gesa eatwj ugha djuk pkfg,A bl rjg
dh ghurk dh ço`fÙk ls gesa tYnh NqVdkjk ik ysuk pkfg,] D;ksafd ;g o`fÙk
,d Nwr ds jksx dh rjg gS] ftlds dhVk.kq gekjh jx&jx esa QSy tk,¡xAs
3½ bl ,dkadh dh varoZLrq dk laca/k fuEuosru&Hkksxh deZpkfj;ksa dh fuEu
e/;oxhZ; ç—fr dk fp=.k gSA ;s nwljs ls vyx&Fkyx O;fä ds :i esa
vius&vki esa gh can jgrs gSaA dHkh ,drkc) gksdj ;s yksx vius fgrksa ds
fy, la?k"kZ ugha dj ldrsA vkil esa ,d nwljs ij dhpM+ mNkyuk] ,d nwljs
dh fuank djuk mudh ç—fr gSA ijLij bZ";kZ&}s"k dh Hkkouk bu lHkh esa
leku :i ls ik;h tkrh gSA mudh blh o`fÙk ds mn~?kkVu dks ys[kd us bl
,dkadh dk fo"k; cuk;k gS] tks mldh varoZLrq dgh tk ldrh gSA
4½ dFkk rRo dh U;wurk vkSj ?kVukvksa ds vHkko esa ;g ,dkadh dqN pqfuank ik=ksa
dk vtk;c?kj cu dj jg x;k gSA jke Hkjksls vkSj ';ke Hkjksls dks NksM+ fn;k
tk, rks blds lHkh nl ik= fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa viuh fuEu e/;oxhZ;
{kqæ ç—fr dk gh mn~?kkVu djrs gSaA eap ij mifLFkr gksrs gh gj ik= vius
okLrfod pfj= dks mn~?kkfVr dj nsrk gS] ftls ,dkadh esa var rd cjdjkj
j[kk x;k gSA ;s lHkh ik= O;fä pfj= u gksdj ,d oxZ ds çfrfuf/k pfj=
gSaA
5½ iwjs ,dkadh esa xqjçhr gh ,d ,slh ukjh ik= gS] tks 'kq: ls var rd viuh
xaHkhjrk cuk, j[krh gSA og fdlh dh pkiywlh ;k fuank dh ckr&phr esa Hkkx
ugha ysrhA izk;% Îyht^] ^fnl bt Vw ep^ 'kCnksa ;k inksa }kjk gh og viuh
çfrfØ;k O;ä djrh gSA ehfVax ds laca/k esa Hkh og xaHkhj jgrh gS] ftls
lkFkZd cukus dk ç;kl Hkh djrh gSA ehfVax dks vlQy gksrs ns[k og lcls
igys mBdj pyh Hkh tkrh gSA
6½ 1924 esa gfj'kadj ijlkbZ vkSj 1925 esa tUes eksgu jkds'k dk lkekftd
ifjos'k ,dne ledkyhu gSA ysfdu vius ifjos'k ds çfr nksuksa dh jpukvksa
esa O;ä mudh ekufld çfrfØ;kvksa esa i;kZIr varj gSA eksgu jkds'k ,d
O;fäfu"B dykdkj dh Hkk¡fr vius ;qx dh fo"kerkvksa dk rVLFk fp=.k djrs
gSaA ysfdu ijlkbZ ,d lektfu"B dykdkj dh Hkk¡fr vU;k; ds fo#)
la?k"kZ'khy cu tkrs gSaA ijlkbZ esa ,d xgu jktuhfrd psruk] O;oLFkk&fojks/k
dk rh[kk Loj vkSj lkekftd çfrc)rk feysxh] ftlds n'kZu eksgu jkds'k esa
ugha gksrsA
7½ bl ,dkadh esa lcls cM+s loky ds :i esa fuEu osru Hkksxh deZpkfj;ksa ds
pfj= ds ek/;e ls f'kf{kr fuEue/;&oxhZ; ekufldrk dks fpf=r fd;k x;k 103
gSA buds chp ,drk dk vHkko] vius lkewfgd fgrksa ds çfr mnklhurk]
vuqÙkjnkf;Roiw.kZ okn fookn] ,d nwljs dks uhpk ;k ghu fn[kkus dh ço`fÙk]
laxfBr la?k"kZ dh v{kerk vkfn dks ^cgqr cM+k loky* 'kh"kZd ds }kjk js[kkafdr
fd;k x;k gSA ;s lHkh rF; ,dkadh dh varoZLrq cus gSaA vr% ;g 'kh"kZd iw.kZr%
lkFkZd gS] tks jpuk ds çfrik| ls Hkh tqM+ tkrk gSA
8½ ,d –';&lkfgR; ;k jaxeaph; fo/kk gksus ds dkj.k ,dkadh ds fy, laokn
cgqr vf/kd egRo j[krs gSaA ,dkadh dh iwjh lajpuk gh laoknksa ij fuHkZj
djrh gSA Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh laoknksa ds vax cudj ,dkadh esa vkrs gSaA vr%
laokn&dkS'ky dh fo'ks"krkvksa ds foospu ds lanHkZ esa gh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh dh
fof'k"Vrk dk mn~?kkVu djuk vf/kd mi;qä vkSj lkFkZd gks ldrk gSA
9½ bl ,dkadh ds fy, jaxeap dh rS;kjh djus esa fo'ks"k lkt&lTtk ;k
rke&>ke dh t:jr ugha gSA çn'kZu ds fy, fdlh Hkh NksVs&cM+s 'kgj ls
ljyrkiwoZd ik=ksa dk p;u fd;k tk ldrk gSA fdlh fo'ks"k çf'kf{kr
funsZ'kd dh Hkh blesa t:jr ugha gSA laokn brus lVhd vkSj pqLr&nq#Lr gSa
fd mlds fy, ik=ksa dks vf/kd iwokZH;kl ¼fjglZy½ dh Hkh vf/kd vko';drk
ugha gSA vr% bls ,d vR;ar lQy jaxeaph; ,dkadh dgk tk ldrk gSA
10½ bl ,dkadh esa eksgu jkds'k us NksVs&NksVs okD;ksa dks leqfpr fojke&fpàksa]
lacks/ku rFkk ç'uokpd fpàksa] Hkk"kk ds ygtksa ¼vuqrku½] cyk?kkr vkfn }kjk
laoknksa dks vR;ar pqLr&nq#Lr vkSj ukVdh; cuk;k gSA fganh&vaxzsth fefJr
Hkk"kk ds lgt Lo:i }kjk ik=ksa dh ekufldrk ds mn~?kkVu vkSj n'kZd ij
iM+us okys mlds çHkko& nksuksa gh –f"V;ksa ls bl ,dkadh esa eksgu jkds'k dk
laokn&dkS'ky iwjh rjg mtkxj gqvk gSA
11½ f'kf{kr fuEu e/;oxZ dh ik[kaMiw.kZ ekufldrk dk mn~?kkVu gh bl ,dkadh
dk ewy çfrik| gSA blds fy, ys[kd us fNNksjsiu] ,d nwljs ds çfr
bZ";kZ}s"k] O;fäxr LokFkZ] fujFkZd okn&fookn] vuko';d NhaVkd'kh] vius
O;kid fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy, la?k"kZ dh v{kerk vkfn dks bl leqnk; dh
ç—fr ds :i esa fpf=r fd;k gSA ;gh bl ,dkadh dk çfrik| gSA
12½ ^yks isM odZlZ osyQs;j lkslkbVh^ tSlh deZpkjh oxZ dh laLFkk dks dsaæ esa
j[kdj ys[kd us f'kf{kr e/;oxZ dh foÑr ekufldrk ij ftl çdkj dVk{k
fd;k gS] mlls ikBd&n'kZd ds chp çfrc) lkekftd laxBuksa ds fo#) ,d
çxfr'khy Hkkouk ds iuius dh vk'kadk gSA bls jpuk dk xyr lans'k ekuk
tk ldrk gSA
104
4-0 mn~ns';
4-1 çLrkouk
4-2 fuca/k dk okpu
4-3 fuca/k dk lkj
4-4 varoZLrq
4-4-1 fopkj i{k
4-4-2 Hkko i{k
4-5 ifjos'k
4-6 ys[kdh; O;fäRo dh vfHkO;fä
4-7 lajpuk&f'kYi
4-7-1 Hkk"kk
4-7-2 'kSyh
4-8 'kh"kZd vkSj çfrik|
4-9 lkjka'k
4-10 'kCnkoyh
4-11 dqN mi;ksxh iqLrdsa
4-12 cks/k ç'uks@
a vH;klksa ds mÙkj
bdkbZ 2 esa vki gfj'kadj ijlkbZ ds ,d O;aX; fuca/k dk v/;;u dj pqds gSaA
bl bdkbZ esa vki egknsoh oekZ ds fuca/k ^thus dh dyk^ dk v/;;u djus tk jgs
gSaA
bdkbZ dks i<+us ds ckn vki %
• egknsoh oekZ ds —frRo ds ,d u, igyw &muds x|dkj&fuca/kdkj O;fäRo
dk lk{kkRdkj dj ldsaxs(
• fuca/k dk lkj fy[k ldsaxs(
• fuca/k dh varoZLrq dks le>dj mldk leqfpr foospu&fo'ys"k.k dj ldsaxs(
• fuca/k esa O;ä ysf[kdk ds okLrfod O;fäRo ls ifjfpr gks ldsax(s
• fuca/k ds jpukdkyhu ifjos'k dh tkudkjh çkIr dj ldsaxs(
• fuca/k ds lajpuk&f'kYi dk foospu&fo'ys"k.k dj ldsaxs vkSj
• fuca/k ds 'kh"kZd vkSj çfrik| dh leqfpr O;k[;k dj ldsaxsA
105
;gk¡ vki Nk;koknh dfork ds ,d çeq[k LrEHk dof;=h egknsoh oekZ ds fuca/k dk
v/;;u djus tk jgs gSaA fuca/k ,d x|&fo/kk gS] ftlds Lo:i] dF; vkSj
vU;kU; fo'ks"krkvksa ij bdkbZ 2 esa gfj'kadj ijlkbZ dh fuca/k&dyk ij fopkj
djrs gq, vkidks i;kZIr tkudkjh ge ns pqds gSaA ;gk¡ ge fuEufyf[kr pkj fcnqvksa
ds vk/kkj ij egknsoh dh fuca/k&jpuk dh Lo:ixr] dF;xr vkSj f'kYixr
fo'ks"krkvksa dks Li"V djus dk ç;kl djsaxs &
• fuca/k ,d l'kä x|&jpuk gSA
• blesa ys[kd vius Hkkoksa&fopkjksa dks Øec) vkSj rdZlaxr <ax ls lh/ks O;ä
djrk gSA
• blesa ys[kd ds O;fäRo dk Hkh Li"V :i ls çdk'ku gksrk gSA
• blesa fuca/kdkj vius Hkkoksa&fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fä dks dykRed :i nsus dk
ç;kl djrk gSA
fo'ks"krk&lwpd bu lHkh fcanqvksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj bl bdkbZ esa ge ^thus dh
dyk^ dk foLr`r foospu&fo'ys"k.k djsaxsA pw¡fd bl bdkbZ esa ge egknsoh ds x|
lkfgR; ds lanHkZ esa fuca/k&dyk ij fopkj dj jgs gSa] blfy, mudh thou 'kSyh
dh dqN fo'ks"krkvksa ij fopkj dj ysuk vkids fy, mi;ksxh fl) gks ldrk gSA
lu 1907 esa Q#[kkckn esa ,d f'kf{kr ifjokj esa egknsoh dk tUe gqvk FkkA 9 o"kZ
dh ckY;koLFkk esa fookfgr gksdj os bykgkckn vk xb±A ;gk¡ ç;kx fo'ofo|ky; ls
laL—r esa ,e-,- djus ds ckn bUgksaus ç;kx efgyk fo|kihB ds ç/kkukpk;Z ds in
ij dkQh le; rd dke fd;kA ifr ds vlkef;d fu/ku ds dkj.k bUgsa fo/kok
dk thou O;rhr djuk iM+kA bUgsa vius dfo&deZ ds fy, 1956 esa în~eHkw"k.k^
vkSj 1982 esa fganh lkfgR; ds loksZPp ^KkuihB iqjLdkj^ ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
ysfdu ;gk¡ vkidks bl okLrfodrk dks ges'kk /;ku esa j[kuk iM+sxk fd mudh
dforkvksa esa ftl fojg&osnuk] feyukdka{kk vkSj jgL;e; vykSfdd çse dh
vuqHkwfr O;ä gqbZ gS] og mudh okLrfod thou&'kSyh ls cgqr vf/kd esy ugha
[kkrhA egknsoh th dk ykSfdd thou vkSj O;fäRo vius ;FkkFkZ :i esa muds x|
lkfgR; esa gh O;ä gqvk gSA i'kq&if{k;ksa ls ysdj 'kksf"kr&mRihfM+r tu&thou ds
çfr budh vlhe lgkuqHkwfr bu x| jpukvksa esa gh lkdkj gqbZ gSA vrhr ds
^pyfp=^] ^Ükà[kyk dh dfM+;k¡^] ^Le`fr dh js[kk,¡*] îFk ds lkFkh^] ^{k.knk^] êsjk
ifjokj^ vkfn muds js[kkfp=] laLej.k vkSj fuca/k fganh x| lkfgR; dh vewY;
fuf/k gSaA mudk lewpk x| lkfgR; ewyr% lekt&dsafær gSA blds foijhr]
dkO;&lkfgR; iwjh rjg vkRe&dsafær gSA #nu] ihM+k] v/khj feyukdka{kk] vlhe ds
çfr ç.k;&fuosnu vkfn mUgsa vkReyhu vkSj vkRe&dsafær gh fl) djrs gSaA ysfdu
vius x| lkfgR; esa egknsoh dk deZfu"B] laosnu'khy] vU;k; dk fojks/kh]
lkekftd dqjhfr;ks& a dqlaLdkjksa dk Hkatd O;fäRo vR;ar thoar :i esa mifLFkr
gqvk gSA dfork vkSj x| lkfgR; esa O;ä muds bl varj dks js[kkafdr djus ds
fy, vxj la{ksi esa dguk gks rks ge dg ldrs gSa fd egknsoh ds uke dks gVkdj
muds dkO; vkSj x| lkfgR; dks vkeus&lkeus j[k fn;k tk, rks os nks ijLij
106
fHkUu] fdarq vR;ar dq'ky O;fä;ksa dh jpuk,¡ yx ldrh gSaA vr% egknsoh ds dkO;
vkSj x| lkfgR; esa mudk ijLij fojks/kh O;fäRo O;ä gqvk gSA
vc ge vius ikBîØe esa fu/kkZfjr fuca/k ^thus dh dyk* ij vk,¡A ;g fuca/k
^Ükà[kyk dk dfM+;k¡* 'kh"kZd laxzg dk vafre fuca/k gSA bykgkckn ls çdkf'kr ^pk¡n*
if=dk esa mudh ukjh&leL;k fo"k;d laikndh; fVIif.k;ksa dks iqLrdkdkj :i
nsdj ^Ükà[kyk dh dfM+;k¡* 'kh"kZd ls 1942 esa çdkf'kr fd;k x;kA oSls rks vius
^vrhr ds pyfp=^] ^Le`fr dh js[kk,¡^ vkfn laxzgksa esa Hkh egknsoh us ukjh leL;k
dks vusd dks.kksa ls Nqvk gS ysfdu ^Ükà[kyk dh dfM+;k¡^ 'kh"kZd laxzg esa Hkkjrh;
ukjh dh yxHkx lHkh çeq[k leL;kvksa dks foLrkj ls foosfpr&fo'ysf"kr fd;k gSA
bu fuca/kksa esa cky fookg] o`) fookg] ngst] fo/kok&leL;k] os';k&leL;k] voS/k
larku vkfn ds lkFk gh lgt&lkekU; :i ls iq#"k ç/kku lekt esa ukjh ds 'kks"k.k
ds Lo:i vkSj mlds fy, viuk, tkus okys fofHkUu gFkd.Mksa dks egknsoh us viuk
fo"k; cuk;k gSA ^thus dh dyk* fuca/k dk ikB dj vki mudh ukjh&fo"k;d
laiw.kZ –f"V ls ifjfpr gks ldsaxsA
çR;sd dk;Z ds çfriknu rFkk çR;sd oLrq ds fuekZ.k esa nks vko';d vax gSa &
rf}"k;d foKku vkSj ml foKku dk fØ;kRed ç;ksxA fcuk ,d ds nwljk vax
viw.kZ gh jgsxk] D;ksafd fcuk ç;ksx ds Kku çek.kghu gS vkSj fcuk Kku ds ç;ksx
vk/kkjghu & vr% çR;sd foKku esa fØ;kRed dyk dk dqN va'k vo'; jgrk gS
vkSj çR;sd fØ;kRed dyk Hkh vius foKku&fo'ks"k dh vuqxkfeuh cudj gh lQy
gksrh gSA ;s nksuksa brus lkis{k gSa fd ,d dks tkuus esa nwljs dks tkuuk gh iM+rk
gSA
;fn ge jax vkSj muds feJ.k ds fo"k; esa tku ysa] rwfydk vkfn ds fo"k; esa lc
dqN le> ysa] ijarq dHkh bl Kku dks ç;ksx dh dlkSVh ij u dlsa rks gekjk
fp=dyk fo"k;d Kku ijh{kk ds fcuk viw.kZ gh jg tk,xkA blh çdkj ;fn ge
bl Kku ds fcuk gh ,dk,d jax Hkjus dk ç;Ru djus yxsa rks gekjk ;g ç;kl
Hkh vlQy gh dgk tk,xkA fp=dyk dh iw.kZrk ds fy, vkSj lQy fp=dkj cuus
ds fy, gesa rRlaca/kh KkrO; dks tkudj ç;ksx esa ykuk gh gksxkA ;gh vU;
dykvksa ds fy, Hkh lR; fl) gksxkA
;fn ge /;ku ls ns[ksa rks lalkj esa thuk Hkh ,d ,slh dyk tku iM+sxk] ftlesa
mi;qZä nksuksa lk/kuksa dk Kku ftruk vko';d gS] mruk gh ;k mlls Hkh dqN
vf/kd vko';d mu fl)karksa dk mfpr volj ij mi;qä ç;ksx Hkh fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A ;fn ge ,sls fl)karksa dk Hkkj tUe&Hkj <ksrs jgsa] ftudk mi;qä ç;ksx gesa
Kkr u gks] rks gekjh n'kk ml i'kq ls fHkUu u gksxh ftldks fcuk tkus gh 'kkL=ksa
vkSj /keZxzaFkksa dk Hkkj ogu djuk iM+rk gksA bl çdkj ;fn ge fcuk fl)kar le>s
mudk vuqi;qä ç;ksx djrs jgsa rks gekjh fØ;k fcuk vFkZ le>s ea=ikBh 'kqd dh
ok.kh ds leku fujFkZd gks mBsxhA
gekjs laLdkjksa esa] thou ds fy, vko';d fl)kar ,sls lw= :i esa le>s tkrs gSa]
tks ç;ksx :ih Vhdk ds fcuk u Li"V gks ikrs gSa vkSj u mi;ksxhA ^lR;a czw;kr* dks
107
ge fl)kar :i esa tkudj Hkh u viuk fodkl dj ldrs gSa vkSj u lekt dk
midkj] tc rd vusd ifjfLFkfr;ksa] fofHkUu LFkkuksa vkSj fo'ks"k dkyksa esa mldk
ç;ksx dj mlds okLrfod vFkZ dks u le> ysa& muds ;FkkFkZ :i dks ân;axe u
dj ysaA
,d funksZ"k ds çk.k cpkus okyk vlR; mldh fgalk dk dkj.k cukus okys lR; ls
Js"B gh jgsxk] ,d Øwj Lokeh dh vU;k;iw.kZ vkKk dk ikyu djus okys lsod ls
mldk fojks/k djus okyk vf/kd LokfeHkä dgyk,xk vkSj ,d nqcZy ij vU;k;
djus okys vR;kpkjh dks {kek dj nsus okys Øks/kftr ls mls naM nsus okyk Øks/kh
lalkj dk vf/kd midkj dj ldsxkA vU; fl)karksa ds fy, Hkh ;gh lR; gS vkSj
jgsxkA
fl)karksa dh ftruh Hkkjh xBjh ysdj ge vius deZ{ks= ds }kj rd igqaprs gSa]
mruk Hkkjh cks> ysdj dnkfpr gh fdlh vU; ns'k ds O;fä dks igq¡puk iM+rk gks]
ijarq fQj Hkh dk;Z{ks= esa geha lcls vf/kd fuf"Ø; çekf.kr gksaxAs dkj.k] ge vius
fl)karksa dks mi;ksx ls cpk&cpkdj mlh çdkj j[kus esa mn~ns'; dh flf) le>
ysrs gSa] ftl çdkj /ku dks O;; ls cpkdj j[kus okys —i.k mlds lap; esa gh
vius m|ksx dh pje lQyrk ns[k ysrs gSaA
ifjfLFkfr] dky vkSj LFkku ds vuqlkj muds ç;ksx rFkk :iksa ds fo"k; esa tkuus
dk u gesa vodk'k gS u bPNkA Qy ;g gqvk fd gekjk thou viw.kZ oLrqvksa esa
lcls vf/kd viw.kZ gksus dk nqHkkZX; ek= çkIr dj ldkA
vkt rks thus dh dyk u tkuus dk vfHk'kki ns'k&O;kid gS] ijarq fo'ks"k :i ls
fL=;ksa us bl vfHk'kki ds dkj.k tks dqN lgk gS mls lgdj thfor jgus dk
vfHkeku djus okys fojyss gh feysaxsA ;g lR; gS fd gekjs ns'k esa O;fä dks bruk
egRo fn;k x;k Fkk fd dgha&dgha gesa mlds fodkl ds lk/ku Hkh ,d fofp=
ca/ku tSls yxus yxrs gSaA ijarq ;g dguk vU;k; gksxk fd mu çkphu ;qx ds
fuokfl;ksa us O;fäxr fodkl dks –f"Vfcanq cukdj lkewfgd ;k lkekftd fodkl
dks ,d {k.k ds fy, Hkh –f"V ls vks>y u gksus fn;kA mudk thou&fo"k;d Kku
fdruk oS;fäd fdarq O;kid] fLFkj fdarq çR;sd ifjfLFkfr ds vuqdwy vkSj ,d
fdarq lkewfgd Fkk] bldk çek.k gesa mu fl)karksa esa fey tkrk gS] ftuds vkd"kZ.k
ls ge viuh vKkukoLFkk esa Hkh ugha NwV ikrs vkSj bl Kku dk mUgksaus dSlk
mi;qä rFkk çxfr'khy ç;ksx fd;k] ;g lekt ds fuekZ.k vkSj O;fä ds thou ds
iw.kZ fodkl dks –f"V esa j[kdj [kksts x, lek/kkuksa ls Li"V gks tkrk gSA ;fn ge
'krkfCn;ksa ls dsoy fl)karksa dk futhZo Hkkj fy, gq, f'kfFky gks jgs gSa rks blesa
gekjk vkSj gekjh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk nks"k gSA ;fn ge vius thou dks ltho vkSj
lfØ; cukuk pkgrs] viuh fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mudk ç;ksx dj mudh lkef;d
vuqdwyrk çfrdyrk] mi;qärk&vuqi;qärk dk fu'p; dj ysrs vkSj thou ds
Kku vkSj mlds fd;kRed çokg dks lkFk cgus nsrs rks vo'; gh gekjk thou
mR—"V dyk dk fun'kZu gksrkA
geus thou dks mfpr dk;Z ls fojr dj mlh ds O;oLFkkid fu;eksa dks vius iSj
dh csfM+;k¡ cukdj mUgsa Hkh Hkkjh cuk Mkyk] vr% vkt ;fn y{; rd igq¡pus dh
bPNk Hkh Hkwy x, rks vk'p;Z gh D;ksa gksuk pkfg,!
108
bl le; Hkkjrh; ukjh ds ikl ,slk dkSu&lk fof'k"V xq.k ugha gS] ftls ikdj
fdlh Hkh ns'k dh ekuoh nsoh u cu ldrh gksA mlesa ml lgu'kfä dh lhek
lekIr gS] ftlds }kjk euq"; ?kksj ls ?kksjrj vfXuijh{kk galrs&galrs ikj dj
ldrk gS vkSj vius y{; ds ekxZ esa ck/kkvksa ij ck/kk,¡ ns[kdj ugha flgjrk mlesa
og R;kx gS tks euq"; dh {kqæ&ls&{kqæ LokFkZo`fÙk dks {k.k esa u"V dj Mkyrk gS
vkSj mls vU; ds dY;k.kkFkZ viuh vkgqfr ds fy, çLrqr dj nsrk gS] mlesa euq";
dks nsork dh iafä esa cSBk nsus okyh og ifo=rk gS] tks ejuk ugha tkurh rFkk
mlesa gekjh laL—fr dk og dks"k gS ftldh fdlh vU; ds }kjk j{kk laHko gh ugha
FkhA og vkt Hkh R;kxe;h ekrk] ifrozrk iRuh] Lusge;h cfgu vkSj vkKkdkfj.kh
iq=h gS] tc lalkj ds tkx`r ns'kksa dh fL=;k¡ HkkSfrd lq[kHkksx ij viuh ;qxth.kZ
laL—fr U;kSNkoj fd, ns jgh gSaA bUgsa R;kx ds] cfynku ds vkSj Lusg ds uke ij
lc dqN vkrk gS] ijarq thus dh og dyk ugha vkrh tks bu vykSfdd xq.kksa dks
ltho dj nsrhA
th.kZ&ls&th.kZ dqVhj esa clus okyksa esa Hkh dnkfpr gh dksbZ ,slk vHkkxk fu/kZu
gksxk] ftlds mtM+s vkaxu esa ,d Hkh lgu'khyk] R;kxe;h] eerke;h L=h u gksA
L=h fdl çdkj vius ân; dks pwj&pwj dj iRFkj dh nso&çfrek cu ldrh gS]
;g ns[kuk gks rks fganw x`gLFk dh nq/keqagh ckfydk ls 'kkie;h ;qorh esa ifjofrZr
gksrh gqbZ fo/kok dks ns[kuk pkfg,] tks fdlh vKkr O;fä ds fy, vius ân; dh]
ân; ds leku gh fç; bPNk,a dqpy&dqpydj fuewZy dj nsrh gS] lrhRo vkSj
la;e ds uke ij vius 'kjhj vkSj eu dks vekuqf"kd ;a=.kkvksa ds lgus dk vH;Lr
cuk ysrh gS vkSj bl ij Hkh nwljksa ds veaxy ds Hk; ls vk¡[kksa esa nks cwan ty Hkh
bPNkuqlkj ugha vkus ns ldrhA
cks/k ç'u
vkius fuca/k dk mi;qZä va'k vPNh rjg i<+ fy;k gksxkA vc vki fuEufyf[kr
ç'uksa ds mÙkj nsa vkSj bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa ls feykdj mls tk¡p ysaA
1½ Kku ;k foKku dks lkFkZd cukus ds fy, D;k t:jh gS\ fuEufyf[kr mÙkjksa esa
ls lcls lgh mÙkj ds fy, dks"Bd esa ml la[;k dk funsZ'k djsaA
d½ çkIr Kku dks nwljksa rd igq¡pkukA
[k½ Kku esa fujarj o`f) djukA
x½ Kku dks dk;Z }kjk O;kogkfjd :i nsukA
?k½ Kku dks vius ikl lqjf{kr j[kukA ¼ ½
2½ vlR; fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa lR; ls Js"B cu tkrk gS\
d½ vlR; dk ç;ksx tc vkRej{kk ds fy, gksrk gSA
[k½ vlR; dk ç;ksx tc ,d funksZ"k dk çk.k cpkus ds fy, gksA
x½ vlR; dk ç;ksx tc fgalk dks jksdus ds fy, gksA
?k½ vlR; dk ç;ksx tc lekt dY;k.k ds fy, gksA ¼ ½
109
3½ lHkh xq.kksa ls lEiUu Hkkjrh; ukjh dk thou nq[ke; D;ksa gS\
d½ og ukjh ds xq.kksa ds egRo dks ugha le>rhA
[k½ og ukjh ds xq.kksa dks gh viuk y{; eku ysrh gSA
x½ og thus dh dyk ugha tkurhA
?k½ og :f<+okfnrk dk f'kdkj gks tkrh gSA ¼ ½
v/kkaZfxuh dh foMacuk dk Hkkj fy,] lhrk] lkfo=h ds vykSfdd rFkk ifo= vkn'kZ
dk Hkkj] vius Hksns gq, th.kZ&'kh.kZ L=hRo ij fdlh çdkj laHkkydj Øhrnklh ds
leku vius e|i] nqjkpkjh rFkk i'kq ls Hkh fu—"V Lokeh dks ifjp;kZ esa yxh gqbZ
vkSj mlds nqO;Zogkj dks lgdj Hkh nsorkvksa ls tUe&tUekarj esa mlh dk lax ikus
dk ojnku ekaxus okyh iRuh dks ns[kdj dkSu vk'p;kZfHkHkwr u gks mBsxk\ firk ds
bafxr ek= ls vius thou&çHkkr esa ns[ks jaxhu LoIuksa dks foLe`fr ls <addj fcuk
,d nh?kZ fu%'okl fy, v;ksX;&ls&v;ksX; iq#"k dk vuqxeu djus dks çLrqr iq=h
dks ns[kdj fdldk ân; u Hkj vkosxk\ firk dh vêkfydk vkSj oSHko ls oafpr
nfjæ Hkkxuh dks ,s'o;Z dk miHkksx djus okys HkkbZ dh dykbZ ij ljyHkko ls
j{kkca/ku ck¡/krs ns[k dkSu fo'okl dj ldsxk fd bZ";kZ Hkh euq"; dk LokHkkfod
fodkj gS vkSj vusd lkglghu futhZo&ls iq=ksa }kjk mis{kk vkSj vuknj ls vkgr
ân; ys] muds lq[k ds ç;Ru esa yxh gqbZ ekrk dks ns[k dkSu ^Dofpr~ dqekrk u
Hkofr^ dgus okys dks L=h&LoHkko ds xaHkhj jgL; dk vUos"kd u eku ysxk\ ijarq
bruh vf/kd lgu'kfä] ,slk vçfre R;kx vkSj ,slk vykSfdd lkgl ns[kdj Hkh
ns[kus okys ds ân; esa ;g ç'u mBs fcuk ugha jgrk fd D;k os foHkwfr;k¡ thfor
gSa\ ;fn lthork u gks] foosd ds fpà u gksa] rks bu xq.kksa dk ewY; gh D;k gS\
D;k gekjs dksYgw esa tqrk cSy de lgu'khy gS\ de ;a=.kk,¡ Hkksxrk gS\ 'ko gekjs
}kjk fd, x, fdlh vieku dk çfrdkj ugha dj ldrkA lc çdkj ds vk?kkr
fcuk fgys&Mqys 'kkafr ls lg ldrk gS] ge pkgs mls vry ty esa cgkdj
exjePN ds mnj esa igq¡pk nsa] pkgs fprk ij fyVkdj jk[k djds gok esa mM+k nsa]
ijarq mlds eq[k ls u fu%'okl fudysxh] u vkg] u fujarj [kqyh iFkjkbZ vk¡[kksa esa
ty vkosxk] u vax dafir gksaxs! ijarq D;k ge mldh fuf"Ø;rk dh ç'kalk dj
ldsax\s
vkt fganw L=h Hkh 'ko ds leku gh fuLian gSA laLdkjksa us mls i{kk?kkr ds jksxh ds
leku tM+ dj fn;k gS] vr% vius lq[k&nq%[k dks ps"Vk }kjk çdV djus esa Hkh og
vleFkZ gSA
blds vfrfjä] ,slh lhekrhr lfg".kqrk dh ç'kalk lqurs&lqurs vc bls vius eeZ
dk vko';d vax le>us yxh gSA
thou dks iw.kZ&ls&iw.kZ :i rd fodflr dj nsus ;ksX; fl)kar mlds ikl gSa]
ijarq u mudk ifjfLFkfr&fo'ks"k esa mfpr mi;ksx gh og tkurh gS vkSj u mudk
vFkZ gh le>rh gS] vr% thou vkSj fl)kar nksuksa gh Hkkj gksdj mls oSls gh
laKkghu fd, ns jgs gSa] tSls uhe dh dM+h /kwi esa 'khrdky ds Hkkjh vkSj xeZ oL=
igus gq, ifFkd dks mldk ifj/kkuA thou dks vius lkaps esa <kydj lqanj vkSj
lqMkSy cukus okys fl)karksa us gh vius foijhr mi;ksx ls Hkkj cudj mlds
110 lqdqekj thou dks mlh çdkj dq:i vkSj okeu cuk Mkyk gS ftl çdkj gkFk dk
lqanj dad.k pj.k esa iguk tkus ij mldh o`f) dks jksddj mls dq:i cuk nsrk
gSA
fganw lekt us mls viuh çkphu xkSjo&xkFkk dk çn'kZu ek= cukdj j[k NksM+k gSA
vkSj og Hkh ewd fujhg Hkko ls mldks ogu djrh vk jgh gSA 'krkfCn;ksa ij
'krkfCn;k¡ chrh pyh tk jgh gSaA le; dh ygjksa esa ifjorZu ij ifjorZu cgrs vk
jgs gSa] ifjfLFkfr;k¡ cny jgh ijarq lekt dsoy L=h dks] ftls mlus nklrk ds
vfrfjä vkSj dqN nsuk ugha lh[kk] izy; dh mFky&iqFky esa Hkh f'kyk ds leku
fLFkj ns[kuk pkgrk gSA ,slh fLFkjrk e`R;q dk vaxkj gks ldrh gS] thou dk ughaA
vo'; gh e`R;q esa Hkh ,d lkSan;Z gS] ijarq og thou ds fjä LFkku dks rks ugha Hkj
ldrkA
/ku dh çHkqrk ;k iw¡thokn ftruk xfgZr gS mruk gh xfgZr :i /keZ vkSj vf/kdkj
dk gks ldrk gS] fQj mlds fo"k; esa rks dguk gh O;FkZ gS ftls /ku] /keZ vkSj
vf/kdkj rhuksa çdkj dh çHkqrk çkIr gks pqdh gksA
lekt esa miktZu dk mÙkjnkf;Ro fey tkus ls iq#"k dks ,d çdkj dk iwathifrRo
rks çkIr gks gh x;k Fkk] 'kfä vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k vf/kdkj feyuk Hkh
lgt&çkIr gks x;kA blds vfrfjä 'kkL= rFkk vU; lkekftd fu;eksa dk fuekZrk
gksus ds dkj.k og vius&vkidks vf/kd&ls&vf/kd LoPNan vkSj L=h dks dfBu&
ls&dfBu ca/ku esa j[kus esa leFkZ gks ldkA
/khjs&/khjs curs&curs L=h dks cka/k j[kus dk lkekftd] /kkfeZd rFkk vkfFkZd
midj.kksa ls cuk gqvk ;a= bruk iw.kZ vkSj bruk lQyrk&;qä lfØ; gks mBk fd
mlesa <ydj L=h dsoy lQy nklh ds :i esa gh fudyus yxhA u mldh
ekufld nklrk esa dksbZ vHkko ;k U;wurk Fkh vkSj u 'kkjhfjd nklrk esa foæksg rks
D;k viuh fLFkfr ds fo"k; esa ç'u djuk Hkh mlds fy, thou esa ;a=.kk vkSj e`R;q
ds mijkar ujd feyus dk lk/ku FkkA vkt ;a=ksa ds ;qx esa Hkh nklRo ds bl iqjkus
ijarq –<+ ;a= ds fuekZ.k&dkS'ky ij gesa fofLer gksuk iM+rk gS] D;ksafd blesa ewd
;a=.kk lgus okyk O;fä gh lgk;rk nsus okys ds dk;Z esa ck/kk Mkyrk jgrk gSA
euq"; dks u u"V dj mldh euq";rk dks bl çdkj u"V dj nsuk fd og ml
gkfu dks thou dk lcls mTToy] lcls cgqewY; vkSj lcls vko';d ykHk le>us
yxs] vlaHko ugha rks dfBure ç;kl&lk/; vo'; gSA çR;sd ckfydk mRiUu gksus
ds lkFk gh vius&vkidks ,sls ijk;s ?kj dh oLrq ekuus vkSj cuus yxrh gS] ftlesa
u tkus dh bPNk djuk Hkh mlds fy, iki gSA fookg ds O;olk; esa mldh fo|k
iklax cus gq, <sys ds leku gS] tks rqyk dks nksuksa vksj leku :i ls xq# dj nsrk
gS] dqN mlds ekufld fodkl ds fy, ughaA mldh ;ksX;rk] mldh dyk ifr ds
çn'kZu rFkk xoZ dh oLrq gS] mls lR;a f'koa lqanje~ rd igq¡pus dk lk/ku ughaA
mlds dkseyrk] d#.kk] vkKkdkfjrk] ifo=rk vkfn xq.k mls iq#"k dh bPNkuqdwy
cukus ds fy, vko';d gSa] lalkj ij dY;k.k&o"kkZ ds fy, ughaA u L=h dks vius
thou dk dksbZ y{; cukus dk vf/kdkj gS vkSj u lekt }kjk fu/kkZfjr fo/kku ds
fo#) dqN dgus dkA mldk thou iq#"k ds euksjatu rFkk mldh oa'ko`f) ds
fy, bl çdkj fpjfuosfnr gks pqdk gS fd mldh lEefr iwNus dh vko';drk dk
vuqHko Hkh fdlh us ugha fd;kA okrkoj.k Hkh /khjs&/khjs mls ,sls gh ewd
vkKk&ikyu ds fy, çLrqr djrk jgrk gSA x`fg.kh dk drZO; de egRoiw.kZ ugha
111
;fn og lkf/kdkj vkSj LosPNk ls Loh—r gksA ftl x`g dks cpiu ls mldk y{;
cuk;k tkrk gS ;fn ml ij mls vUu&oL= ikus ds vfrfjä dksbZ vkSj vf/kdkj
Hkh gksrk] ftl iq#"k ds fy, mldk thou ,dkar :i ls fuosfnr gS ;fn mlds
thou ij mldk Hkh dksbZ LoRo gksrk] rks ;g nklrk Li`g.kh; çHkqrk cu tkrhA
ijarq ftl x`g ds }kj ij Hkh og fcuk x`gifr dh vkKk ds iSj ugha j[k ldrh]
ftl iq#"k ds ?kksj&ls&?kksj vU;k;] uhp&ls&uhp vkpj.k ds fojks/k esa nks 'kCn
dguk Hkh mlds fy, vijk/k gks tkrk gS] ml x`g dks canhx`g vkSj iq#"k dks
dkjkj{kd ds vfrfjä og vkSj D;k le>s!
blesa lansg ugha fd ,slh ifjfLFkfr dk dqN mÙkjnkf;Ro L=h ij Hkh gS] D;ksafd mls
thus dh dyk ugha vkrh] dsoy ;qx;qxkarj ls pys vkus okys fl)karksa dk Hkkj
ysdj og Lo;a gh vius fy, Hkkj gks mBh gSA
euq";rk ds Åij dh fLFkfr dks viuk y{; cukus ls çk;% euq"; nsork dh ik"kk.k
çfrek cudj jg tkrk gS vkSj blds foijhr euq"; ls uhps mrjuk i'kq dh Js.kh
esa vk tkuk gSA ,d fLFkfr euq"; ls Åij gksus ij Hkh fuf"Ø; gS] nwljh blls
uhph gksus ds dkj.k euq";rk dk dyad gSA vr% nksuksa gh fLFkfr;ksa esa euq"; dk iw.kZ
fodkl laHko ughaA gekjs lekt esa vius LokFkZ ds dkj.k iq#"k euq";rk dk dyad
gS vkSj L=h viuh vKkue; fuLian lfg".kqrk ds dkj.k ik"kk.k&lh mis{k.kh;A nksuksa
ds euq";Ro&;qä euq"; gks tkus ls gh thou dh dyk fodkl ik ldsxh ftldk
/;s; euq"; dh lgkuqHkwfr] lfØ;rk] Lusg vkfn xq.kksa dks vf/kd&ls&vf/kd O;kid
cuk nsuk gSA
thou dks fo—r u cukdj mls lqanj vkSj mi;ksxh :i nsus ds bPNqd dks vius
fl)karksa ls laca/k j[kus okyh vareqZ[kh rFkk mu fl)karksa ds lfØ; :i ls laca/k
j[kus okyh cfgeqZ[kh 'kfä;ksa dks iw.kZ fodkl dh lqfo/kk,¡ nsuh gh iM+saxhA ogh o`{k
i`Fohry ij fcuk voyac ds vdsyk [kM+k jgdj >a>k ds çgkjksa dks ey;&lehj ds
>ksdksa ds leku lgdj Hkh gjk&Hkjk Qy&Qwy ls ;qä jg ldsxk] ftldh
ewy&fLFkr 'kfä;k¡ fodflr vkSj lcy gSa vkSj mldh ewy&fLFkfr –<+ jg ldrh
gS tks /kjkry ls ckgj LoPNan okrkoj.k esa lkal ysrk gSA tc cfgeqZ[kh 'kfä;k¡ Hkh
vareqZ[kh gks tkrh gSa rc cká lfØ;rk u"V gq, fcuk ugha jgrhA vkt pkgs gekjh
vk/;kfRedrk Hkhrj&gh&Hkhrj ikrky rd QSy xbZ gks] ijarq thou dk O;kogkfjd
:i fo—r&lk gksrk tk jgk gSA thou dk fpà dsoy dkYifud LoxZ esa fopj.k
ugha gS fdarq lalkj ds daVdkdh.kZ iFk dks ç'kLr cukuk Hkh gSA tc rd cká rFkk
vkarfjd fodkl lkis{k ugha curs] ge thuk ugha tku ldrsA
vkius iwjs fuca/k dks i<+us ds ckn ;g le> fy;k gksxk fd egknsoh oekZ us blesa
D;k dguk pkgk gSA ;g fuca/k ^Ükà[kyk dh dfM+;k¡^ 'kh"kZd laxzg dk vafre fuca/k
gSA bl iwjs laxzg esa egknsoh us ukjh leL;k ds vusd igyqvksa ij foLrkj ls fopkj
fd;k gSA çLrqr fuca/k esa thus dh dyk dks dsaæ esa j[kdj Hkkjrh; ukjh dh nqnZ'kk
ds ewyHkwr dkj.kksa dks vR;ar rdZlaxr <ax ls çLrqr djus dk ç;kl fd;k x;k gSA
112
bl fuca/k esa lcls igys egknsoh th us thus dh dyk ds fy, thou ds mPp
fl)karksa vkSj muds lgh O;ogkj dks vfuok;Z fl) fd;k gSA ;s nksuksa ,d&nwljs ij
iw.kZr% fuHkZj gSaA O;ogkj&foghu fl)karksa dk cks><ksus okyk euq"; ml i'kq ds leku
gS] ftls fcuk tkus gh 'kkL=ksa vkSj /keZxzaFkksa dk Hkkjokgd cuuk iM+rk gSA mudh
Li"V ekU;rk gS fd lR;] vfgalk] {kek vkfn ekuoh xq.kksa dks ge fl)kar :i esa
tkudj Hkh u lekt dk midkj dj ldrs gSa vkSj u gh viuk HkykA ifjfLFkfr]
LFkku] dky&fo'ks"k esa buds okLrfod vFkZ vkSj ;FkkFkZ dks le>dj gh ge bUgsa
mi;ksxh vkSj ekuoh; cuk ldrs gSaA ,d funksZ"k O;fDr ds çk.kksa dh j{kk ds fy,
cksyk x;k vlR; vkSj dh xbZ fgalk lR; vkSj vfgalk ls Js"B ekuk tk,xkA blh
rjg ,d Øwj vR;kpkjh dks {kek djus okys Øks/kftr ¼Øks/k ij dkcw ikus okys½ ls
n.M nsus okyk Øks/kh yksxksa ds fy, vkn'kZ cu ldrk gSA fl)karksa dh ftruh Hkkjh
xBjh ysdj ge deZ&{ks= ds }kj ij igq¡prs gSa] 'kk;n gh nqfu;k ds fdlh vU;
ns'k ds O;fä dks mruk Hkkjh cks> ysdj deZ&{ks= esa igq¡puk iM+rk gksA ysfdu
dk;Z&{ks= esa ge lcls vf/kd fuf"Ø; fl) gq, gSaA D;ksafd ge vius fl)karksa dks
lnqi;ksx ls cpkdj mlh çdkj lqjf{kr j[kus esa gh flf) eku ysrs gSa] ftl çdkj
,d dat+wl vius /ku dks O;; ls cpkdj j[kus esa gh viuh lQyrk eku ysrk gSA
;gk¡ vki ;g u le> ysa fd bl fuca/k esa fl)karksa dk fojks/k fd;k x;k gSA bl
laca/k esa egknsoh dh Li"V ekU;rk gS fd thou ds fl)kar thou;kiu ds
ekxZ&funsZ'kd vkn'kZ gSa] muds çdk'k esa gh ge thou dk lgh y{; çkIr dj
ldrs gSaA ysfdu geus thou dks mfpr dk;Z ls foeq[k dj mlds O;oLFkkid
fu;eksa ;k fl)karksa dks gh vius iSj dh csfM;k¡ cuk yh] QyLo:i y{; rd igq¡pus
dh bPNk Hkh Hkwy x,A bl çdkj fuca/k ysf[kdk us vR;ar çHkko'kkyh <ax ls
çfrikfnr fd;k gS fd lewps ns'k esa thus dh dyk u tkuus dk vfHk'kki O;kIr gSA
ysfdu fL=;ksa us bl vfHk'kki ds dkj.k tks ?kksj ihM+k lgh gS] mls lgdj Hkh
thfor jgus ij vfHkeku djus okyk dksbZ fojyk gh gksxkA ;gk¡ rd ds va'k dks
fuca/k dh Hkwfedk ;k i`"BHkwfe dgk tk ldrk gSA blds ckn fuca/kdkj us Hkkjrh;
ukjh dh nqnZ'kk ds lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkSj lkaL—frd&/kkfeZd dkj.kksa dks foLrkj ls
foosfpr&fo'ysf"kr fd;k gSA
Hkkjrh; ukjh ds 'kks"k.k dh leL;k ij fopkj djrs gq, egknsoh th us ;g Lohdkj
fd;k gS fd mlesa os lHkh xq.k fo|eku gSa] ftuls fdlh vU; ns'k dh ukjh nsoh cu
ldrh gSA mlesa lgu&'kfä] R;kx] vkRe&cfynku] ifo=rk vkfn dh ijkdk"Bk
fn[kk;h nsrh gS] ftldk vR;ar Hkko&fog~oy <ax ls ysf[kdk us çfriknu fd;k gSA
vius bu xq.kksa ds dkj.k Hkkjrh; ukjh esa gekjh laL—fr dk og dks"k lqjf{kr gS]
ftldh j{kk fdlh vU; ds }kjk laHko ugha FkhA vkt Hkh og R;kxe;h ekrk]
ifrozrk iRuh] Lusge;h cgu vkSj vkKkdkfj.kh iq=h gSA tcfd vR;ar fodflr ns'kksa
dh fL=;k¡ vius HkkSfrd lq[kksa ds yksHk esa viuh ;qxksa iqjkuh laL—fr dk ifjR;kx
dj pqdh gSaA Hkkjrh; ukjh dks R;kx] cfynku vkSj Lusg ds uke ij lc dqN
U;ksNkoj djuk vkrk gS] ysfdu thus dh dyk gh ugha vkrh] tks bu vykSfdd
xq.kksa dks lkFkZd vkSj ltho djrh gSA
cky&fookg vkSj fo/kok&leL;k ij vR;ar Hkkoqd <ax ls fopkj djrs gq, egknsoh
th us ukjh dk ,d vR;ar d#.k fp= çLrqr fd;k gSA ^fganw x`gLFk dh nq/keqagh
ckfydk ls 'kkie;h ;qorh esa ifjofrZr gksrh gqbZ fo/kok* ,d vKkr O;fä ds fy, 113
vius ân; dh reke bPNkvksa dks fueZerkiwoZd dqpy nsrh gSA lrhRo vkSj la;e
ds uke ij reke lkjh ;a=.kk,¡ >syrs gq, Hkh og nwljksa ds veaxy ds Hk; ls nks
cwan vk¡lw vkSj vkg Hkh ugha fudky ldrhA
Hkkjrh; vkpkj lafgrk esa ukjh ds fy, vR;ar mPp vkn'kZ vkSj fl)kar çfrf"Br gSaA
O;ogkj esa budh gkL;kLinrk dks fl) djrs gq, egknsoh th us fy[kk gS fd ,d
vksj mls v/kk±fxuh ¼iq#"k dk vk/kk vax½ ds migkl dk Hkkj <ksuk iM+rk gS rks
nwljh vksj lhrk&lkfo=h ds vykSfdd rFkk ifo= vkn'kZ ls mls nck fn;k tkrk
gSA bu mPpkn'kks± ls nch&dqpyh og ,d [kjhnh xbZ lsfodk dh Hkk¡fr vius
'kjkch] nqjkpkjh rFkk tkuoj ls Hkh uhps fxjs Lokeh ¼ifr½ dh lsok esa yxh jgrh
gSA ifr ds vekuqf"kd nqO;Zogkj dks lgu djus ds ckotwn nsorkvksa ls vxys tUe
esa Hkh mlh dk lax ikus dk ojnku ekaxus okyk iRuh lHkh dks vk'p;Z esa Mky nsrh
gSA firk ds ,d b'kkjs ij vius lkjs jaxhu LoIuksa dk nQukdj fcuk vkg Hkjs
v;ksX;&ls&v;ksX; iq#"k dh iRuh cuus dks rS;kj iq=h ukjh thou ds vfHk'kki dks
lkdkj djrh gSA firk dh lEifÙk vkSj oSHko dk miHkksx djus okys HkkbZ dh dykbZ
ij jk[kh cka/kus okyh nfjæ cgu dk Lusg ns[kdj pfdr jg tkuk iM+rk gSA
nkf;Roghu vius vusd iq=ksa }kjk misf{kr vkSj fujk–r ek¡ dk pksV [kk;k gqvk
ân; tc iq=ksa dh dY;k.k&dkeuk djrk gS rks L=h&LoHkko dh xfjek lkdkj gks
tkrh gSA ysfdu L=h lqyHk bu lkjs xq.kksa ij egknsoh th us ç'u&fpà Hkh yxk
fn;k gSA muds vuqlkj R;kx] lgu'khyrk] fu%LokFkZ Lusg] lkgl vkfn xq.kksa dk rc
rd dksbZ ewY; ugha gS] tc rd buds lkFk foosd] lthork vkSj lkFkZdrk dk Hkko
ugha tqM+ tkrkA bu lkjs xq.kksa ls lEiUu ukjh dks fuca/k ysf[kdk us ^'ko^ dh laKk
nh gSA
vkids eu esa ukjh dks ^'ko^ dh laKk nsus ls ysf[kdk ds vU;k; dh ckr mB
ldrh gSA ysfdu ,slh ckr gS ughaA ;gk¡ egknsoh th dh vkØks'kiw.kZ lgkuqHkwfr gh
çdV gqbZ gSA 'ko vieku dk fojks/k ugha dj ldrk] fdlh Hkh vk?kkr dks og
'kkafr ls lg ldrk gS] mls pkgs ty esa Qsad nsa ;k fprk ij tyk nsa] og vkg
ugha Hkjsxk vkSj mldh [kqyh vk¡[kksa esa u vk¡lw vk,xk vkSj u gh mlds 'kjhj esa
daiu gksxkA ysf[kdk us ukjh dh bu detksfj;ksa ds dkj.k mls fuLian 'ko dgk gSA
os mldh fuf"Ø;rk dh ç'kalk djus esa vius dks vleFkZ ikrh gSaA D;ksafd viuh
lgu'khyrk] R;kx vkSj cfynku dh ç'kalk lqurs&lqurs og bls vius /keZ dk vax
eku cSBh gSA ysf[kdk bl tM+rk ls mldh eqfä pkgrh gSA
bl fuca/k esa egknsoh th us ukjh dh nqnZ'kk ds fy, mldh Lo;a dh detksfj;ksa dh
vis{kk iq#"k ç/kku lekt ds gFkd.Mksa dks vf/kd mÙkjnk;h Bgjk;k gSA fganw lekt
us viuh çkphu xkSjo&xkFkk dk mls çn'kZu ek= cukdj j[k fn;k gSA L=h dks
ewd vkSj vlgk; :i ls bl xkSjo ds Hkkj dks ogu djuk iM+ jgk gSA iw¡thoknh
lekt esa /ku dh çHkqrk mlds fy, ftruh ?kkrd fl) gqbZ] /keZ vkSj vf/kdkj dh
çHkqrk Hkh mlds fy, mruh gh ?kkrd] ihM+knk;d fl) gqbZ gSA lekt esa /kuktZu
dk nkf;Ro fey tkus ls iq#"k dks iw¡thifrRo vius vki çkIr gks x;k] lEifÙk dh
vf/kd 'kfä ds dkj.k vf/kdkj Hkh mls lgt :i ls fey x;kA 'kkL= vkSj nwljs
lHkh çdkj ds lkekftd fu;eksa dk fuekZrk gksus ds dkj.k og Lo;a dks
vf/kd&ls&vf/kd Lora= vkSj L=h dks dfBu&ls&dfBu ca/ku esa j[kus esa leFkZ gks
114 x;kA lkekftd] vkfFkZd rFkk /kkfeZd midj.kksa ls fufeZr iq#"k ç/kku O;oLFkk dk
;g ra= bruk Bksl vkSj dkjxj lkfcr gqvk fd mlesa <ydj L=h dsoy nklh ;k
lsfodk ds :i esa gh fudyus yxhA vius vieku ds çfr foæksg rks D;k] viuh
n'kk ds fo"k; esa ç'u djuk Hkh mlds fy, thou esa ;kruk vkSj e`R;q ds ckn
ujd feyus dk lk/ku eku fy;k x;kA vkt ds oSKkfud vkSj ;a=&;qx esa nklrk
ds bl iqjkus fdarq –<+ ;a= ds fuekZ.k&dkS'ky ij egknsoh us vk'p;Z çdV djrs
gq, fy[kk gS fd ^blesa ewd ;a=.kk lgus okyk O;fä gh lgk;rk nsus okys ds dk;Z
esa ck/kk Mkyrk jgk gSA* ;gk¡ dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd viuh laLdkjxzLrrk]
:f<+okfnrk vkSj vKku ds dkj.k ukjh&eqfä dk fojks/k Lo;a ukfj;k¡ gh dj jgh gSaA
cky fookg] iqufoZokg] fo/kok&fookg ds lanHkZ esa blds vusd mnkgj.k fey ldrs
gSaA
ckY;koLFkk ls gh yM+dh vius vkidks ijk;s ?kj dh oLrq ekuus yxrh gS] ftlesa u
tkus dh bPNk Hkh mlds fy, iki gSA egknsoh th us bl rF; dks fo'ks"k :i ls
js[kkafdr fd;k gS fd fookg ds O;olk; esa yM+dh dh bPNk vkSj mldh ;ksX;rk
dk dksbZ Lora= ewY; ugha gSA mldk lkjk dkS'ky ifr ds çn'kZu rFkk xoZ dh oLrq
cu tkrk gSA mlds lkjs xq.k mls vius&vkidks ifr dh bPNkuqdwy cukus ds fy,
gh vko';d gSa] nwljksa ds dY;k.k&dk;ksaZ ds fy, ughaA ftl x`g dks cpiu ls
mldk x`g ekuk tkrk gS] ogk¡ mls vUu&oL= ds vfrfjä dksbZ vU; vf/kdkj çkIr
ugha gksrkA ftl ifr ds fy, mldk thou lefiZr gksrk gS] ml ifr ds thou ij
Hkh ;fn mldk dqN LoRo gksrk rks ukjh dh nklrk esa Hkh çHkqrk dk lq[k çokfgr
gksus yxrkA
fuca/k ds var esa egknsoh th us ^thus dh dyk^ dh leL;k dk dksbZ lh/kk lek/kku
rks ugha fn;k ysfdu blds çfr fo'okl O;ä fd;k gSA bl laca/k esa mudh Li"V
ekU;rk gS fd vius LokFkZ ds dkj.k iq#"k lekt dk dyad gS vkSj ukjh viuh
vKkue; lfg".kqrk ds dkj.k ik"kk.k dh rjg mis{k.kh;A nksuksa ds euq"kRo&;qä
euq"; gks tkus ij gh thus dh dyk dk fodkl gksxkA blds ckn gh lgu'khyrk]
lfØ;rk] lgkuqHkwfr] R;kx] Lusg vkfn xq.k O;kid :i ls ekuo&lekt ds fodkl
esa lgk;d gksaxsA thou dks lqanj vkSj mi;ksxhs :i iznku djus okyksa dks fl)karksa
ls laca/k j[kus okyh vareqZ[kh 'kfä;ksa dks iwjs fodkl dh lqfo/kk,¡ nsuh gh iM+saxhA
tc rd vkarfjd rFkk ckgjh fodkl ,d&nwljs ij fuHkZj gksdj ,d&nwljs ds lkFk
tqM+dj vkxs ugha c<+rs] rc rd ge thuk ugha tku ldrsA
fuca/k ds ewy ikB vkSj mlds lkj dks i<+dj vkius le> fy;k gksxk fd egknsoh
th us blesa D;k dguk pkgk gSA bl Hkkx esa ge fuca/k dh varoZLrq ij fopkj
djsaxsA egknsoh us bl fuca/k esa thus dh dyk dks viuk fo"k; cuk;k gS] ysfdu
fuca/k esa dyk dh ckjhfd;ksa ds foospu&fo'ys"k.k dks varoZLrq u cukdj Hkkjrh;
lekt esa ukjh ds 'kks"k.k vkSj mldh nqnZ'kk ds lkekftd] /kkfeZd vkSj
vkpkj'kkL=h; dkj.kksa ij çdk'k Mkyk gSA vr% fuca/k dh varoZLrq lekt'kkL=h;
:i xzg.k dj ysrh gSA QyLo:i blesa egknsoh th dk thou fo"k;d fparu vkSj
lkekftd fopkj gh vf/kd çdV gqvk gSA ^Ükà[kyk dh dfM+;k¡^ 'kh"kZd laxzg dh
Hkwfedk esa egknsoh th us fy[kk gS fd ^fopkj ds {k.kksa esa eq>s x| fy[kuk gh vPNk
115
yxrk jgk gS] D;ksafd mlesa viuh vuqHkwfr gh ugha cká ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fo'ys"k.k
ds fy, Hkh i;kZIr vodk'k jgrk gSA^ ¼i`-5½ ysfdu bl laca/k esa vkidks /;ku j[kuk
iM+sxk fd egknsoh ,d Hkkoqd dof;=h Hkh jgh gSaA blfy, fuca/k esa LFkku&LFkku
ij viuh futh Hkkoukvksa dks vR;ar HkkoqdrkiwoZd mUgksaus çfrikfnr fd;k gSA
fopkjksa ds lkFk blesa mudh Hkkouk dk Hkh leqfpr ;ksxnku gSA vr% ;gk¡ ge
varoZLrq dh –f"V ls muds fopkj i{k vkSj Hkko i{k & nksuksa dk vyx&vyx
foospu djsaxsA
^thus dh dyk fuca/k ^Ükà[kyk dh dfM+;k¡* laxzg dk vafre fuca/k gSA bl laxzg dks
egknsoh th us Hkkjrh; ukjh dks lefiZr djrs gq, fy[kk gS & ^tUe ls vfHk'kIr]
thou ls larIr] fdarq v{k; okRlY;&ojnkue;h Hkkjrh; ukjh dksA* blls Li"V gS
fd laxzg ds vU; fuca/kksa ds lkFk gh çLrqr fuca/k Hkh Hkkjrh; ukjh dh leL;k ls
lEc) gSA leL;k ç/kku gksus ds dkj.k bls fopkj/kkjkRed fuca/k Hkh dgk tk
ldrk gSA blesa egknsoh th eq[; :i ls ,d fpard vkSj fopkjd ds :i esa gekjs
lkeus mifLFkr gksrh gSaA leL;k ds fo'ys"k.k esa mUgksaus viuh lekt'kkL=h; lksp
dk iwjk ifjp; fn;k gSA
bl fuca/k esa egknsoh th us viuh ukjh&fo"k;d fpark dks vR;ar O;kid lkekftd
lanHkZ fn;k gSA bl çfØ;k esa mUgksaus loZçFke fdlh dk;Z ds nks vko';d i{kksa dks
lkeus j[kk gS & ,d fl)kar i{k vkSj nwljk mldk fØ;kRed ;k O;ogkj i{kA bu
nksuksa i{kksa ds ijLij lg;ksx ls gh fdlh dk;Z dk leqfpr laiknu laHko gSA ftl
rjg fl)kar ds vHkko esa dksbZ dk;Z va/ks dh Nykax ek= cudj jg tkrk gS] mlh
çdkj] mlds ekuoksi;ksxh O;ogkj ds fcuk fl)kar ea=ksPpkj.k djus okys rksrs dh
ok.kh dh rjg fujFkZd fl) gks tkrk gSA bl rF; dks egknsoh us foLrkj ds lkFk]
dbZ mnkgj.kksa ls iq"V djrs gq,] vR;ar çHkko'kkyh i`"BHkwfe ds :i esa mifLFkr
fd;k gSA blds ckn os viuh ewy leL;k ij vkrh gSaA
thus dks ,d dyk ekurs gq, egknsoh us fy[kk gS fd ^vkt rks thus dh dyk u
tkuus dk vfHk'kki ns'k&O;kid gS] ijarq fo'ks"k :i ls fL=;ksa us bl vfHk'kki ds
dkj.k tks lgk gS] mls lgdj thfor jgus dk vfHkeku djus okys fojys gh
feysaxsA^ laLdkj :i esa Hkkjrh; ukjh ds ikl os lkjs fl)kar vkSj vkn'kZ ekStnw gSa]
ftUgsa ekuoh; xq.kksa dh laKk nh tkrh gSA okRlY;] eerk] Lusg] ikfrozR; ls ysdj
vkKkdkfjrk] R;kx] lgu'khyrk] lfg".kqrk] ifo=rk vkfn ds :i esa mlds ikl
Hkkjrh; laL—fr dk ,d v{k; dks"k gS] ftldh lqj{kk fdlh vU; }kjk laHko ugha
gSA vius bu xq.kksa ds ckotwn og misf{kr] viekfur] çrkfM+r] vf/kdkjfoghu]
O;fäRoghu çk.kh cudj jg xbZ gSA bl fLFkfr ds fy, ,d lhek rd ukjh dks
mÙkjnk;h ekudj viuk vkØks'k O;ä djrs gq, egknsoh th us fy[kk gS fd og
thus dh dyk ugha tkurhA blfy, og xq.kksa dks pje lR; vkSj fujis{k ekudj
mUgha ds Hkkj ls fuLlgk; dh rjg nch jgrh gSA vius R;kx] cfynku] lfg".kqrk
vkSj ifo=rk dh 'kfä dks igpku dj] mudh mi;ksfxrk dks le>dj og çfrdkj]
çfrjks/k vkSj vius vf/kdkj ds fy, rRij ugha gks ikrhA og ugha le>rh fd bu
egku ekuoh; xq.kksa esa dÙkZO; ds lkFk gh vf/kdkj Hkh lekfo"V gSA
116
bl fuca/k esa egknsoh th us ukjh&nqnZ'kk dk dkj.k Lo;a ukfj;ksa dks gh u ekudj
iq#"k ç/kku Hkkjrh; lekt ds fofHkUu gFkd.Mksa dks lcls cM+k dkj.k fl) fd;k
gSA fganw lekt us lhrk] lrh] lkfo=h ds vkn'kZ ds lkFk ukjh&thou ls tqM+s
ekuoh; xq.kksa dk ,slk feJ.k rS;kj fd;k gS] ftlus ukjh dks viuh çkphu
xkSjo&xkFkk dk çn'kZu ek= cukdj j[k fn;k gSA iq#"k&fufeZr lkjs 'kkL=] iqjk.k]
vkpkj&lafgrk vkfn esa iq#"k dh v/kk±fxuh ekurs gq, Hkh ukjh dks fdlh çdkj dk
vf/kdkj ugha fn;k x;k gSA vius lgt laLdkj ls ukjh us bls viuh e;kZnk
Lohdkj dj yh gSA ysfdu ;g e;kZnk iq#"k ç/kku lekt }kjk fu/kkZfjr gS] ftls
ekuus ds fy, mls foo'k fd;k x;k gS ;k foo'k gksuk iM+k gSA
bl iw¡thoknh ;qx esa ukjh&nqnZ'kk ds ,d u, i{k ij Hkh egknsoh us fopkj fd;k gSA
lEifÙk dk mÙkjkf/kdkjh gksus ds dkj.k iq#"k dks /kuksiktZu dk nkf;Ro laHkky ysus
ds ckn /ku dh lÙkk ds lkFk gh mls vf/kdkj dh lÙkk Hkh lgt gh çkIr gks xbZA
blds lkFk gh] /keZ vkSj lkekftd fof/k&fo/kkuksa dk fuekZrk gksus ds dkj.k og
vius&vkidks vf/kd LoPNan j[kus ds lkFk ukjh dks dfBu&ls&dfBu ca/ku esa
cka/kus esa leFkZ gks ldk gSA vius ;qx ds lanHkZ esa egknsoh th us bl rF; dks
fo'ks"k :i ls js[kkafdr fd;k gS fd ukjh dks cka/k j[kus dk lkekftd] /kkfeZd rFkk
vkfFkZd midj.kksa ls cuk gqvk ;g ;a= bruk iw.kZ vkSj dkjxj lkfcr gqvk gS fd
mlesa <ydj L=h dsoy lQy nklh ds :i esa gh fudy ldhA mldh ;ksX;rk]
dyk] mlds lkjs xq.k & dkseyrk] lkSan;Z] d#.kk] R;kx] ifo=rk vkfn mlds
O;fäRo ds vax vkSj lekt&dY;k.k ds fy, u gksdj dsoy iq#"k ¼ifr½ dks
bPNkuqdwy cukus okys lk/ku ek= cudj jg x,A mls iq#"k ds euksjatu vkSj
mldh oa'k&o`f) dk midj.k ek= cuk fn;k x;kA
bl fuca/k dh varoZLrq dks ge la{ksi esa çLrqr djuk pkgsa rks dg ldrs gSa fd ukjh
dks u iq=h ds :i esa vf/kdkj gS] u ekrk ds :i esa] u iRuh ds :i esa vkSj u
cgu ds :i esa ghA fo/kok ds :i esa rks mldh tks nk#.k fLFkfr gS] og vo.kZuh;
gSA
mi;qZä foospu ls Li"V gS fd egknsoh ds bl fuca/k esa muds ukjh fo"k;d
lkekftd fparu vkSj fopkjksa dh ç/kkurk gSA
geus igys gh bl rF; dh vksj vkidk /;ku vk—"V fd;k gS fd egknsoh th ,d

Hkkoqd dof;=h jgh gSaA bl fuca/k esa Hkh mudh futh Hkkouk yxkrkj fparu vkSj
fopkjksa ij viuk ncko cuk, j[krh gSA bl laca/k esa vkidh tkudkjh ds fy, tks
nwljh vko';d ckr gS] og ;g fd Hkko vkSj fopkj esa ijLij fojks/k ugha( os
,d&nwljs ds iwjd gSaA vuqHko gh fopkjksa dk vk/kkj gksrk gSA vuqHko futh lanHkks±
rd lhfer j[kus dk Hkko jgrk gS] ysfdu ogh lekt ds ckgjh laca/kksa ds chp
dV&N¡V vkSj l¡oj dj fopkj] cqf) vkSj foosd dk :i /kkj.k dj ysrk gSA Hkko
ds lkFk gj fLFkfr esa dÙkZO; dk Hkh ,d gYdk cks/k lekfgr jgrk gS ysfdu ogh
tc foosd&;qä fopkj dk :i /kkj.k djrk gS] rks dÙkZO;&cks/k vf/kd O;kid vkSj
rhoz gks tkrk gSA egknsoh ds laca/k esa Hkh Hkko vkSj fopkj dh ;gh fLFkfr gSA bl
lanHkZ esa ,d rhljh ckr Hkh vkidks /;ku esa j[kuh gksxhA egknsoh ,d L=h Fkha]
117
ftUgsa dh vdky e`R;q ds ckn yacs le; rd fo/kok dk thou O;rhr djuk iM+k
FkkA thou esa mUgksaus cgqr&lh mRihfMr fL=;ksa vkSj fo/kokvksa dh lgk;rk Hkh dh
Fkh vkSj laLej.kksa vkSj js[kkfp=ksa esa mUgsa vej Hkh cuk;k gSA blfy, ukjh&leL;k]
fo'ks"kdj dh nqnZ'kk ds dkj.kksa ij vR;ar rdZlaxr <ax ls fopkj djrs gq, Hkh
ekfeZd LFkyksa ij os i;kZIr Hkkoqd gks tkrh gSaA
bls vPNh rjg le>us ds fy, fuca/k ds dqN Hkko&fog~oy çlaxksa ij fopkj djuk
vko';d gS ^th.kZ&ls&th.kZ dqVhj esa clus okyksa esa Hkh dnkfpr gh dksbZ ,slk
vHkkxk fu/kZu gksxk ftlds mtM+s vkaxu esa ,d Hkh lgu'khyk] R;kxe;h] eerke;h
L=h u gksA* oLrqr% ;gk¡ fparu ;k fopkj dh vfHkO;fä u gksdj vkRekuqHko
vk/kkfjr Hkko gh O;ä gSA bls L=h dh xfjek dk rVLFk fo'ys"k.k ugha dgk tk
ldrkA bl lanHkZ esa nwljk mnkgj.k gS ^L=h fdl çdkj vius ân; dks pwj&pwj
dj iRFkj dh nso&çfrek cu ldrh gS ;g ns[kuk gks rks fganw x`gLFk dh nq/keqagh
ckfydk ls 'kkie;h ;qorh esa ifjofrZr gksrh gqbZ fo/kok dks ns[kuk pkfg,] tks fdlh
vKkr O;fä ds fy, vius ân; ds leku fç; bPNk,¡ dqpy&dqpy dj fuewZy
dj nsrh gS] lrhRo vkSj la;e ds uke ij vius 'kjhj vkSj eu dks vkekuqf"kd]
;a=.kkvksa dks lgus dk vH;Lr cuk ysrh gSA oLrqr% ;g ,d cky fo/kok dk
¼ftlus vius ifr dks tkuk&le>k Hkh ugha½ Hkkouk&çlwr d#.k fp= gSA fganw
dU;k] fganw x`g.kh] fganw ek¡] fganw cgu vkfn ds ,sls reke fp= bl fuc/k esa gSa] tks
vuqHko&çlwr Hkkouk&ç/kku gh dgs tk,axsA ysfdu bl çdkj ds HkkokRed LFky
fuca/k ds fparu vkSj fopkj&ç/kku Lo:i dks dgha [kf.Mr ugha djrsA blds
foijhr] ,sls LFky fopkj i{k dks iq"V djrs gq, mls ljl] vkd"kZd vkSj iBuh;
cukrs gSaA
çLrqr fuca/k esa O;ä L=h&fo"k;d ekU;rkvksa dks ysdj vkids eu esa vk'kadk gks
ldrh gS] D;ksafd vkt dk lkekftd&jktuhfrd ifjos'k dkQh cny pqdk gSA ;g
fuca/k 1934 esa fy[kk x;k FkkA ml le; Hkkjr ,d ijk/khu ns'k FkkA tgk¡ ,d
vksj Lok/khurk vkanksyu vius pjeksRd"kZ ij Fkk] ogha nwljh vksj vNwrks)kj
vkanksyu] ukjh&eqfä vkanksyu ds lkFk gh lekt&lq/kkj ds cgqr ls vkanksyu Hkh
py jgs FksA blds lkFk gh vukFkkJe] fo/kokJe] lsokJe] os';k&lq/kkj vkJe ds
:i esa vusd çdkj ds vkJeksa dh LFkkiuk dk ns'k&O;kih ç;kl gks jgk FkkA ml
dky esa fL=;ksa dh fLFkfr dkQh lkspuh; FkhA inkZ&çFkk] cky&fookg] iqufoZokg]
fo/kok&fookg vkfn fo"k;ksa ds i{k&foi{k esa reke rjg dh nyhysa nh tk jgh FkhaA
L=h&f'k{kk ds lkFk gh jktuhfr vkSj ukSdfj;ksa esa mlds ços'k dks ysdj Hkh dkQh
fookn dh fLFkfr FkhA ^pk¡n^] êk;k^ vkfn tSlh if=dk,¡ blds fy, [kqyk eap cuh
gqbZ FkhaA ,sls okrkoj.k esa ^pk¡n^ esa çdkf'kr ukjh fo"k;d egknsoh dh fVIif.k;k¡
i;kZIr egRo j[krh gSaA ;g fuca/k Hkh mu fVIif.k;ksa dh gh ,d dM+h gSA ml le;
rd f'k{kk] lkekftd dk;Z] jktuhfrd vkanksyu] ljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa vkfn esa ukjh ds
fy, dksbZ LFkku ugha FkkA ifjokj vkSj lekt esa og iwjh rjg misf{kr FkhA
Lok/khurk ds ckn] fo'ks"k :i ls Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds fuekZ.k ds ckn mls lHkh {ks=ksa
esa iq#"kksa ds cjkcj vf/kdkj dh xkjaVh dh xbZA blds ckotwn O;ogkj esa mlds
118
lkFk çk;% Hksn cjrk tkrk jgkA 'kks"k.k] mRihM+u vkSj çrkM+uk dh ijaijk vc dkQh
f'kfFky gqbZ gS] fQj Hkh egknsoh us ftu leL;kvksa dks mBk;k gS] os vc Hkh çklafxd
gSaA fl)kar vkSj O;ogkj dh ftl vHks| [kkb± dk mUgksaus çfriknu fd;k gS] og
vkt Hkh i;kZIr ek=k esa orZeku gSA f'k{kk] lkoZtfud vkSj futh {ks=ksa dh ukSdfj;ksa
esa mudh Hkkxhnkjh c<+h gSA vkfFkZd {ks= esa Hkkxhnkjh ds ckotwn os ijaijkxr
laLdkjksa ds iats ls iwjh rjg eqä ugha gqbZ gSaA mldh ;ksX;rk] dyk] f'k{kk vkfn
vc Hkh vf/kdka'kr% ifr dh çfr"Bk dk midj.k cuk gqvk gSA ckotwn blds ukjh
dh fLFkfr vc oSlh ugha gS] tSlh egknsoh ds bl fuca/k ds jpukdky esa FkhA
^Ükà[kyk dh dfM+;k¡^ 'kh"kZd laxzg dh Hkwfedk esa egknsoh us Lo;a bl çdkj dk
fo'okl çdV fd;k gS] ^Hkkjrh; ukjh Hkh ftl fnu vius lai.w kZ çk.kosx ls tkx
lds ml fnu mldh xfr jksduk fdlh ds fy, laHko ughaA-----leL;k dk lek/kku
leL;k ds Kku ij fuHkZj gS vkSj ;g Kku Kkrk dh vis{kk j[krk gSA vr% vf/kdkj
ds bPNqd O;fä dks vf/kdkjh Hkh gksuk pkfg,A^ ¼i`-6½ egknsoh dh bl ekU;rk dks
ge /;ku esa j[ksa rks vkt Hkh mudh ukjh&fo"k;d ekU;rk dh çklafxdrk gSA bl
fuca/k ds ek/;e ls egknsoh th us vkt ds ukjh&eqfä vkanksyu ds fy, ,d Bksl
tehu çLrqr dh gSA
vki bl pht dks vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd vkt Hkh iq#"k ds da/ks&ls&da/kk
feykdj leku vf/kdkj dk mi;ksx djus okyh ukfj;ksa dh la[;k ux.; gSA
D;ksafd iw¡thoknh lkekftd O;oLFkk dk <k¡pk vkt Hkh bruk –<+ gS fd og vklkuh
ls ukjh dks eqfä dh lkal ugha ysus nsxkA yksdlHkk esa muds fy, 30 çfr'kr
vkj{k.k dk ekeyk bldk Toyar mnkgj.k gS] tks vusd vojks/kksa dk lkeuk dj
jgk gSA bl çdkj] fuca/k ds ;qxhu lkekftd ifjos'k dks orZeku ;qx ds
lkekftd&jktuhfrd ifjos'k ds vkeus&lkeus j[kdj ns[ksa rks ge egknsoh th ds
vkxzg&vuqjks/kksa ls vc Hkh çsj.kk çkIr dj ldrs gSaA
bdkbZ 2 esa gfj'kadj ijlkbZ ij fopkj djrs gq, geus ns[kk gS fd fuca/k esa fuca/k
ys[kd ds O;fäRo dh vfHkO;fä dk lokZf/kd vodk'k gksrk gSA egknsoh ds lanHkZ
esa Hkh ;g ckr iw.kZr% lR; gSA mnkjrk] lgkuqHkwfr] ijnq[kdkrjrk] d#.kk vkSj
lsok&Hkko mudh thou&'kSyh dk vfHkUu vax gSA muds lewps x| lkfgR; ds lkFk
bl fuca/k esa Hkh muds O;fäRo dh ;s fo'ks"krk,¡ mtkxj gqbZ gSaA
egknsoh th ds O;fäRo dh çFke vkSj ewyHkwr fo'ks"krk gS] ukjh&lqyHk dksey ân;
vkSj dfo&lqyHk HkkoqdrkA çLrqr fuca/k esa vekuqf"kd ;a=.kkvksa ds chp iRFkj dh
çfrek cuh ;qorh cky fo/kok dk fp= çLrqr djrs gq, mUgksaus vius dksey ân;
vkSj dfo&lqyHk Hkkoqdrk dks vR;ar thoar <ax ls çLrqr fd;k gSA ifrozrk fganw
v/kkaZfxuh }kjk 'kjkch] nqjkpkjh vkSj i'kq ls Hkh uhps fxjs gq, ifr ds çfr leiZ.k
dk Hkko ns[k mudk ân; fonh.kZ gks tkrk gSA firk ds laiw.kZ ,s'o;Z dks Hkksxus okys
laiUu HkkbZ dh dykbZ esa fcuk bZ";kZ ds lgt Hkko ls jk[kh cka/kus okyh nqf[k;kjh
nfjæ cgu muds ân; dks fonh.kZ dj nsrh gSA vius vusd dqiq=ksa ds vieku vkSj
mis{kk dks Hkwydj ,d eerke;h] okRlY; Hkkouk dh çfrek ek¡ }kjk mudh
dY;k.k&dkeuk djrs ns[k egknsoh dk Hkko&ço.k ukjh ân; Hkko&fog~oy gks tkrk
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gSA ,sls LFkyksa ij muds ân; dh dkseyrk lHkh cká ca/kuksa dks rksM+dj mUeqä
Hkko ls çokfgr gqbZ gSA
viuh laiw.kZ dkseyrk vkSj lân;rk ds lkFk vU;k; ds çfrdkj ;k fojks/k dk Hkko
Hkh egknsoh ds O;fäRo dk vko';d vax jgk gSA fganw lekt&O;oLFkk vkSj mlds
–<+ ra= ij dVk{k djrs gq, mUgksaus fy[kk gS] êuq"; dks u u"V dj mldh
euq";rk dks bl çdkj u"V dj nsuk fd og ml gkfu dks thou dk lcls
mTToy] lcls cgqewY; vkSj lcls vko';d ykHk le>us yxsA* bldk rkRi;Z ;g
gS fd iq#"k ç/kku Hkkjrh; lekt O;oLFkk us mls lgu'khyrk] R;kx] ri vkSj
ifo=rk dh ,slh ewfrZ cuk fn;k gS] ftldh thoarrk vkSj lkFkZdrk lekIr gks xbZ
gSA ;gk¡ lkekftd ra= dh Øwjrk vkSj vU;k; ij vR;ar eghu vkSj ckjhd <ax ls
vkØks'k O;ä fd;k x;k gSA blls egknsoh ds ukjh lqyHk dksey] fdarq vU;k; ds
çfrdkj ds –<+ O;fäRo dk çdk'ku gqvk gSA egknsoh dh thou&'kSyh dks ns[krs
gq, dgk tk ldrk gS fd mudk O;fäRo vR;ar la;r vkSj larqfyr gSA muds
O;fäRo dh ;g fo'ks"krk mudh jpuk&'kSyh ds ek/;e ls mn~?kkfVr gqbZ gSA
egknsoh dh 'kSyhxr fo'ks"krkvksa dh foLr`r ppkZ ge ;FkkLFkku vkxs djsaxs] ysfdu
;gk¡ O;fäRo ds lanHkZ esa mldk ladsr vko';d gSA çk;% dgk tkrk gS fd ^'kSyh
gh O;fäRo gS*A egknsoh ds lanHkZ esa Hkh ;g iw.kZr% lR; gSA viuh çfrjks/k&izfrdkj]
LohÑfr&vLoh—fr] vkxzg&vuqjks/k] fof/k&fu"ks/k dh ckr dks os brus la;r] larqfyr
,oa dykRed <ax ls çLrqr djrh gSa fd mldk çHkko vius vkReh; tu }kjk dgh
xbZ ckr dh rjg iM+rk gSA 'kSyh ds bl xq.k dks çkphu lkfgR;&'kkfL=;ksa us
^dkUrk lfEer mins'k^ dh laKk nh gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g fd ftl çdkj viuh
fç; iRuh dh lykg ifr fcuk fdlh ncko ds çseiwoZd Lohdkj djrk gS] mlh
çdkj egknsoh th dh ckr Hkh i{k vkSj foi{k & nksuksa rjg ds yksxksa }kjk çseiwoZd
lquh tkrh gSA blds fy, dqN mnkgj.k vkids fy, vf/kd mi;ksxh gks ldrs gSaA
fl)karfu"B :f<+oknh yksxksa dh vkykspuk djrs gq, mUgksaus fy[kk gS] ^;fn ge fcuk
fl)kar le>s mudk vuqi;qä ç;ksx djrs jgsa] rks gekjh fØ;k fcuk vFkZ le>s
ea=ikBh 'kqd dh rjg fujFkZd gks mBsxhA^ oLrqr% ;g lksnkgj.k ;a=.kk ;k jk;
fl)karfu"B O;fä dks Hkh vkgr ugha djrh] cfYd fç; yxrh gSA blh rjg fL=;ksa
dh ukle>h ij dVk{k djrs gq, os dgrh gSa fd bUgsa R;kx ds] cfynku ds vkSj
Lusg ds uke ij lc dqN vkrk gS] ijarq thus dh og dyk ugha vkrh tks bu
vykSfdd xq.kksa dks ltho vkSj lkFkZd dj nsrh gSA* ;g vkxzg ;k lh[k fL=;ksa dks
cqjh u yxdj muds fy, çsj.kkn;d cu tkrh gSA fuca/k esa ,sls cgqr lkjs çlax
gSa] ftuesa dFku 'kSyh ds ek/;e ls egknsoh ds O;fäRo dh vusd fo'ks"krk,¡ O;ä
gqbZ gSaA
vc rd vkius fuca/k ds ewy ikB ds lkFk gh mldk lkj] mldh varoZLrq] ifjos'k
vkSj fuca/k esa ys[kdh; O;fäRo dh vfHkO;fä dk v/;;u dj fy;k gSA vc vki
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj dks"Bdksa esa mi&la[;k fy[kdj nsa vkSj bdkbZ ds var esa
fn, x, mÙkjksa ls mls feykdj tk¡paAs
7½ ea=ikBh 'kqd ok.kh ls egknsoh us fdl rF; dh vfHkO;fä dh gS\
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d½ rksrs dh cqf)eÙkk dks O;ä fd;k gSA
[k½ ok.kh dh ifo=rk dks n'kkZ;k gSA
x½ deZfoghu Kku dh fujFkZdrk dk ladsr fd;k gSA
?k½ Kku ds egRo dks çdkf'kr fd;k gSA ( )
8½ thou ds os dkSu ls nks i{k gSa tks thus dh dyk ds fy, vko';d gSa\
d½ çse vkSj lgkuqHkwfrA
[k½ fl)kar vkSj mudk lgh O;ogkjA
x½ R;kx vkSj riL;kA
?k½ /kS;Z vkSj lkglA ( )
vH;kl
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds uhps fn, x, fjä LFkku esa mÙkj nsa vkSj mÙkjksa dks bdkbZ ds
var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa ls feykdj tk¡psaA
1½ fuca/k esa fdl çdkj ukjh&nqnZ'kk ds fy, ,d lhek rd ukfj;ksa dks Hkh
ftEesnkj crk;k x;k gS\ viuk mÙkj ik¡p iafä;ksa esa nsaA
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2½ Hkkoksa vkSj fopkjksa ds vkilh laca/k dks Ng iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsaA
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3½ fuca/k ds jpuk&;qxhu Hkkjrh; ifjos'k dks /;ku esa j[kdj fl) djsa fd
egknsoh us ukjh leL;k dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k fd;k gSA mÙkj vkB iafä;ksa esa
lhfer gksA
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121
4½ egknsoh ds O;fäRo dh rhu çeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dks Ng iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsaA
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vc ge çLrqr fuca/k ds lajpuk&f'kYi ij fopkj djus tk jgs gSaA dgkuh]

miU;kl] ukVd vkfn lkfgR; dh vU; x| fo/kkvksa ls fuca/k ds lajpuk&f'kYi esa
dkQh varj gSA fuca/k dks x| dh dlkSVh ekuk tkrk gSA ,d pqLr&nq#Lr vkSj
lqxfBr fo/kk ds dkj.k fuca/k esa Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh] nksuksa ds fo"k; esa ys[kd dks
i;kZIr lko/kkuh cjruh iM+rh gSA bl n`f"V ls jpukdkj vf/kd Lora=rk dk
mi;ksx ugha dj ldrkA ;|fi vki gfj'kadj ijlkbZ ds lanHkZ esa ns[k pqds gSa fd
mUgksaus viuh O;aX;kRedrk ds ncko ds dkj.k fuca/k dh Hkk"kk&'kSyh ds ekU;
fl)karksa dh vogsyuk djds Hkh vius jpuk&dkS'ky dk iw.kZ ifjp; fn;k gSAysfdu
fuca/k ds fy, çk;% Hkk"kk dk fefJr vkSj cksypky okyk :i oftZr gSA egknsoh th
us bl –f"V ls vkpk;Z jkepUæ 'kqDy vkSj vkpk;Z gtkjh çlkn f}osnh ds vkn'kksaZ
dk lefUor :i çLrqr fd;k gSA
lajpuk&f'kYi dh n`f"V ls Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh ij vyx&vyx fopkj dj ge fuca/k
dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks le>us dk ç;kl djsaxAs
pww¡fd fuca/k ,d lqxfBr vkSj lqfpafrr jpuk gS] blfy, blesa Hkk"kk ds
O;kdj.k&lEer] Lrjh; vkSj ifjfuf"Br :i dks Lohdkj djuk iM+rk gSA egknsoh
us fganh x| ds rRle iz/kku laLÑr&fu"B :i dk vkxzg NksM+dj fganh ds vius
rn~Hko&rRle ;qä Lrjh; :i dks Lohdkj fd;k gSA bls çlkn xq.k ¼ljy½ lEiUu
lk/kq ¼lgt½ Hkk"kk dh laKk nh tk ldrh gSA bldks ,d mnkgj.k ds ek/;e ls
vki vklkuh ls le> ldrs gSa &
^çR;sd dk;Z ds çfriknu rFkk çR;sd oLrq ds fuekZ.k esa nks vko';d vax gSa &
rn~fo"k;d foKku ¼fo'ks"k Kku½ vkSj ml foKku dk fØ;kRed ç;ksxA fcuk ,d ds
nwljk vax viw.kZ gh jgsxk] D;ksafd fcuk ç;ksx ds Kku çek.kghu gS vkSj fcuk Kku
ds ç;ksx vk/kkjghuA^
;gk¡ çR;sd] dk;Z] çfriknu] fuekZ.k] rf}"k;d] foKku] çek.kghu] vk/kkjghu tSls
laL—r ds lRle ls yxus okys 'kCn cgqr lkjs rn~Hko 'kCnksa ds lkFk tqM+dj fganh
dh ç—fr ds vuqdwy lgt Hkk"kk dk Lo:i çLrqr djrs gSaA ;g lgtrk gh
egknsoh dh Hkk"kk dks çokg'khy cukrh gS] ftlesa 'kCn&foU;kl dk egRoiw.kZ
;ksxnku gSA
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vkpk;Z jkepanz 'kqDy us fuca/k dks x| dh dlkSVh ekuk gS rks laL—r ds çkphu
dkO;'kkfL=;ksa us ^x|a dohuka fud"ka onfUr* dgdj x| dks dfo;ksa dh dlkSVh
Lohdkj fd;k gSA egknsoh ;k fdlh Hkh dfo dh lQy dkO;&Hkk"kk dk vk/kkj
mldh x|&Hkk"kk dh çoh.krk gh gSA ysfdu ,d dfo ds x| esa mldh dkO;kRed
Hkk"kk ds ;ksxnku dks Hkh vLohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA egknsoh tc fdlh
ekfeZd çlax dk fo'ys"k.k djus yxrh gSa] rks mudh dfo&lqyHk Hkkoqdrk vR;ar
lgt :i ls dkO;kRed çHkko ls mls lq'kksfHkr dj nsrh gS &
^L=h fdl çdkj vius ân; dks pwj&pwj dj iRFkj dh nso&çfrek cu tkrh gS]
;g ns[kuk gks rks fganw x`gLFk dh nq/keqagh ckfydk ls 'kkie;h ;qorh esa ifjofrZr
gksrh gqbZ fo/kok dks ns[kuk pkfg,--------tks lrhRo vkSj la;e ds uke ij vius 'kjhj
vkSj eu dks vekuqf"kd ;a=.kkvksa dks lgus dk vH;Lr cuk ysrh gS vkSj blij Hkh
nwljksa ds veaxy ds Hk; ls vk¡[kksa esa nks cwan ty Hkh bPNkuqlkj ugha vkus ns
ldrhA^
mi;qZä rF;ksa ds vk/kkj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd egknsoh dh x|&Hkk"kk
fuca/k&jpuk dh lHkh vis{kkvksa dks iwjh djus okyh O;kdj.k&lEer] rn~Hko&rRle
'kCnksa ls ;qä vR;ar lgt Hkk"kk gSA ysfdu thou ds ekfeZd çlaxksa esa og
dkO;kRedrk dk nkeu Hkh Fkke gh ysrh gSA
ys[kdh; O;fäRo dh vfHkO;fä ds lanHkZ esa geus egknsoh dh fuca/k&'kSyh ij la{ksi

esa fopkj dj fy;k gSA ;gk¡ mudh 'kSyh ds Lo:i dk dqN foLrkj ls ifjp;
vko';d gSA oSls gfj'kadj ijlkbZ dh 'kSyh ij ¼bdkbZ 2½ fopkj djrs gq, geus
fuca/k ds fy, eq[;r% rhu 'kSfy;ksa & o.kZukRed] foospukRed vkSj HkkokRed 'kSyh
dk mYys[k fd;k FkkA ysfdu ijlkbZ ds lanHkZ esa mudh O;aX;kRed 'kSyh dh geus
foLrkj ds lkFk ppkZ dh FkhA mi;qZä 'kSfy;ksa ds lkFk] mUgha esa varHkwZr dqN vkSj
Hkh 'kSfy;k¡ gSa] ftUgsa yk{kf.kd 'kSyh] lkadsfrd 'kSyh] fp=kRed 'kSyh vkfn uke fn,
x, gSaA xaHkhj fparu] fopkj&ç/kku ;k leL;k&ç/kku fuca/kksa esa budk mi;ksx çk;%
ugha gksrkA tgk¡ rd egknsoh ds bl fuca/k dk laca/k gS] bldk fo"k;
leL;k&ewyd gksus ds dkj.k blesa çeq[k :i ls foospukRed 'kSyh dk gh ç;ksx
fd;k x;k gSA
foospukRed 'kSyh dh ewyHkwr fo'ks"krk gS fd blesa cqf)] foosd vkSj rdZ&fordZ dh
ç/kkurk gksrh gSA fo"k; dh O;k[;k] mlds fo'ys"k.k] mlds i{k&foi{k dk
[k.Mu&e.Mu djrs gq, çk;% Hkkouk ;k vuqHkwfr dk lgkjk ugha fy;k tkrk ;k
vis{kk—r cgqr de fy;k tkrk gSA ysfdu bl fuca/k dh foospukRed 'kSyh esa gesa
HkkoukRed vkxzg dk Loj LFkku&LFkku ij rhozrk ls çdV gksrk gqvk fn[kkbZ nsrk
gSA oSls ^thus dh dyk^ fuca/k dk vkjaHk dyk ds fl)kar vkSj O;ogkj i{k dh
ijLij fuHkZjrk ls gksrk gSA bls Li"V djus ds fy, egknsoh us fp=dyk dks
mnkgj.k ds :i esa fy;k gS] vkSj mlds ek/;e ls vU; dykvksa ds fy, fl)kar
vkSj O;ogkj &nksuksa dh vko';drk dks js[kkafdr fd;k gSA blds ckn egknsoh th
^thus dh dyk^ fo"k; ij vkrh gSaA
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^thus dh dyk^ dks dyk fl) djrs gq, egknsoh th us vU; dykvksa dh rjg
mlesa Hkh fl)kar vkSj O;ogkj i{k dh vfuok;Zrk ij tksj fn;k gSA fo"k; dk
foospu djrs gq, mUgksaus Li"V fd;k gS fd thou ds fy, fu/kkZfjr fl)kar mfpr
volj ij mi;qä ç;ksx ds fcuk fujFkZd gksdj vuko';d cks> cu tkrs gSaA bl
çfØ;k esa viuh ekU;rkvksa dh iqf"V ds fy, mUgksaus dbZ mnkgj.k Hkh fn, gSaA
ea=ksPpkj djus okys rksrs dh ok.kh dh fujFkZdrk dks js[kkafdr djrs gq, mUgksaus
fl)karksa ds lgh vFkZ dh tkudkjh vkSj dY;k.kdkjh ç;ksx ds vHkko esa mUgsa
fujFkZd vkSj vfgrdkjh crk;k gSA blh rjg thou ds fy, Loh—r dqN çeq[k
fl)karksa & ^lR;a czw;kr^] {kerk] n;k] LokfeHkfä vkfn dk Hkh mnkgj.k ds :i esa
mi;ksx fd;k gSA ysfdu buds mi;qä vkSj dY;k.kdkjh ç;ksx ds egRo dks
js[kkafdr djrs gq, mUgksaus fy[kk gS fd fdlh funksZ"k dh çk.k&j{kk ds fy, cksyk
x;k vlR; lR; ls Js"B ekuk tk,xkA blh rjg fdlh vR;kpkjh dks {kek djus
okys O;fä ls mls n.M nsus okyk Øks/kh O;fä lalkj ds fy, vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gks
tkrk gS vkSj ,d Øwj Lokeh dh vU;k;iw.kZ vkKk dk ikyu djus okys lsod ls
mldk fojks/k djus okyk lsod vf/kd LokfeHkä dgyk,xkA thou ds fy,
fu/kkZfjr vU; fl)karksa ds laca/k esa ;gh lR; gS vkSj jgsxk HkhA
thou esa fl)kar vkSj O;ogkj dh bl okLrfodrk dk foospu&fo'ys"k.k djus ds
ckn egknsoh th ukjh&thou ds vfHk'kki dh ewy leL;k ij vkrh gSaA mUgksaus iwjs
foospu fo'ys"k.k ds lkFk crk;k gS fd Hkkjrh; ukjh R;kx] ri] cfynku]
lgu'khyrk] lfg".kqrk] ifo=rk] Lusg] eerk vkfn dh çfrewfrZ gSA bu Hkkjrh;
ewY;ksa vkSj vkn'kksaZ dks fu"BkiwoZd ogu djrs gq, Hkh vkt og lekt esa 'kksf"kr vkSj
çrkfM+r gks jgh gSA D;ksafd og bu ewY;oku fl)karksa ds okLrfod egRo vkSj
mudh 'kfä ls vufHkK gSA blfy, og thus dh dyk ugha tkurhA ek¡ ds :i esa]
iRuh ds :i esa] cgu vkSj iq=h ds :i esa ?kj ifjokj vkSj ckgj & lHkh txg mls
;kruk dk f'kdkj cuuk iM+rk gSA bl okLrfodrk dks mUgksaus rdZlaxr <ax ls iwjs
foospu&fo'ys"k.k ds lkFk çLrqr fd;k gSA
ukjh leL;k dh xaHkhjrk vkSj mlds ewy dkj.kksa dh lekt'kkL=h; O;k[;k ds
ckotwn os vR;ar ekfeZd LFkyksa ij Hkko&fog~oy gksdj HkkokRed 'kSyh dk Hkh ç;ksx
djus yxrh gSaA ifrozrk] ln~x`fg.kh] vkKkdkjh iq=h] eerke;h ek¡] Lusfgy cgu]
lrhRo vkSj la;e ds uke ij ;a=.kk >syus okyh cky&fo/kok vkfn ds çlaxksa esa os
vR;ar Hkkoqd gksdj çk;% fp=kRed vkSj HkkokRed 'kSyh dk ç;ksx djus yxrh gSaA
,sls çlaxksa esa os ^dkSu ,slk dBksj gksxk ftldh vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw u vk tk,¡^] ^fdldk
ân; fonh.kZ ugha gks tk,xk^ vkfn tSls HkkoksPNkl&;qä okD;ksa dk ç;ksx djus ls
ugha pwdrhaA iwjs fuca/k esa LFkku&LFkku ij iz;qDr gksus okyh HkkokRed 'kSyh vkSj
LokuqHkwr rF; foospukRed 'kSyh ds uhjl foospu&fo'ys"k.k esa ljlrk ykus ds
lkFk gh fu"d"kksaZ dks ;FkkFkZ vkSj vf/kd çkekf.kd Hkh cuk nsrs gSaA
egknsoh dh foospukRed 'kSyh esa fl)kar fu:i.k ;k fl)karksa dh iquO;kZ[;k dk
fo'ks"k iz;kl u gksdj mudh O;ogkjkRedrk ij gh vf/kd tksj gSA blfy,
rdZ&fordZ vkSj ckSf)drk ds LFkku ij mUgksaus LokuqHkwr vuqHkoksa dk lgkjk vf/kd
fy;k gSA vr% ukjh mRihM+u dh leL;k dh xaHkhjrk gh ikBd dks vf/kd vkanksfyr
djrh gSA ;gh mudk y{; Hkh jgk gS] ftlesa os iwjh rjg lQy gqbZ gSaA
124
oSls fuca/k esa 'kh"kZd dks dksbZ fo'ks"k egRo ugha fn;k tkrkA dHkh&dHkh rks mls
vius fopkjksa ds çfriknu dk cgkuk ek= cuk fy;k tkrk gSA ysfdu fo"k;fu"B
fuca/kksa ds fy, 'kh"kZd ds fo"k; esa fuca/kdkj dks i;kZIr lko/kkuh cjruh iM+rh gSA
vki Åij&Åij ls ns[ksa rks ;gh yxsxk fd 'kh"kZd ls bl fuca/k dh varoZLrq rFkk
çfrik| dk dksbZ fo'ks"k laca/k ugha gSA ysfdu bl fuca/k dk xgu v/;;u djus ds
ckn vki le> x, gksaxs fd egknsoh th us ^thus dh dyk^ 'kh"kZd dks çfrik| ds
lkFk fdl dkS'ky ls tksM+k gSA bl 'kh"kZd ds laca/k esa tks nwljh egRoiw.kZ ckr gS]
og ;g fd bl fuca/k dks bykgkckn ls çdkf'kr gksus okyh ^pk¡n* if=dk dh
lEikndh; fVIi.kh ds :i esa 1934 esa fy[kk x;k FkkA ,slh dbZ fVIif.k;ksa dks
,d= dj ^Ükà[kyk dh dfM+;k¡^ 'kh"kZd ls 1942 esa mls iqLrdkdkj :i fn;k x;kA
bl laxzg ds fofHkUu 'kh"kZdksa dks vki ns[ksa rks i=dkfjrk vkSj mlds ;qxhu ncko
dk vuqHko vki Lo;a dj ldsaxsA ^gekjh Ükà[kyk dh dfM+;k¡^] ûkjhRo dk vfHk'kki^]
^;q) vkSj ukjh^] ^?kj vkSj ckgj^] ^fganw L=h dk iRuhRo % thou dk O;olk;^] ^L=h
ds vFkZ&Lokra«; dk ç'u^] ^lekt vkSj O;fä* rFkk ^thus dh dykA^ 1930&40 ds
e/; Lok/khurk vkanksyu ds lkFk gh ukjh&eqfä vkanksyu dk Hkh cksyckyk FkkA ^fganw
L=h dk iRuhRo^] ûkjhRo dk vfHk'kki^ vkfn fo"k;ksa ij egknsoh th fy[k pqdh FkhaA
bu jpukvksa esa Hkh mUgksaus ukjh ds thou ij vusd dks.kksa ls çdk'k Mkyk FkkA bl
fuca/kkRed fVIi.kh dks ^thus dh dyk* 'kh"kZd nsdj if=dk ds ikBdksa dks vk—"V
djus dk ç;kl Hkh blesa fufgr gS] tks i=dkfjrk dh ,d vfuok;Z vko';drk gSA
ysfdu dyk dks ukjh&thou dh 'kSyh ls ftl çdkj egknsoh us tksM+k gS] mlls
'kh"kZd çfrik| ds lkFk lkFkZd <ax ls tqM+ tkrk gSA
tgk¡ rd bl fuca/k ds çfrik| dk ç'u gS] vki îwl dh jkr^ dgkuh vkSj ôS".ko
dh fQlyu^ fuca/k ds çfrik| dks i<+dj bldk vk'k; le> x, gksaxsA fdlh ,d
fuf'pr mn~ns'; ls çsfjr gksdj gh ys[kd dksbZ jpuk djrk gSA og mn~n's ; gh
jpuk dk çfrik| gksrk gSA bl fuca/k esa Hkh egknsoh th dk ,d fuf'pr mn~ns';
jgk gS] ftls bldk çfrik| dgk tk ldrk gSA
ukjh thou ds vfHk'kki ds fy, lcls igys ukjh dks gh ftEesnkj lkfcr djrs gq,
ysf[kdk us iwjh lgkuqHkwfr ds lkFk mls lpsr vkSj tkx:d cukus dk ç;kl fd;k
gSA lrhRo] ikfrozR;] R;kx] cfynku] lgu'khyrk] d#.kk] Lusg] eerk ds Å¡ps
vkn'kksaZ ds [k¡Vw s ls c¡/kdj ftl çdkj mlus vius&vkidks vlgk; cuk fn;k gS]
mls NksM+dj og bu vkn'kks± ds ekuoh; egRo vkSj y{; dks le>sA miq;Zä vkn'kZ
dÙkZO; ds ca/ku ek= u gksdj vf/kdkj ds lk/ku Hkh gSaA mls bu fl)karksa ;k
vkn'kksaZ dks vius iSjksa dh csfM+;k¡ u cukdj bUgsa vius thou ds fodkl vkSj mRFkku
ds fy, mi;ksx esa ykuk pkfg,A bl rF; dk çfriknu fuca/k esa vusd lanHkks± vkSj
mnkgj.kksa }kjk fd;k x;k gSA
bl fuca/k ds çfrik| dk ,d nwljk Hkh i{k gS] ftldk laca/k iq#"k vkSj iq#"k
ç/kku lekt ds fof/k&fu"ks/kksa vkSj mlds fofHkUu gFkd.Mksa ls gSA bl i{k dk
foospu&fo'ys"k.k djrs gq, ysf[kdk us iq#"k leqnk; dks lko/kku fd;k gS fd og
viuh gjdrksa ls ckt vk,A blesa igyk gFkd.Mk gS & lhrk] lrh] lkfo=h vkfn
tSlh ukfj;ksa ds vkn'kZ vkSj egku ekuoh; xq.kksa dks ukfj;ksa ls tksM+dj mls viuh 125
çkphu xkSjoxkFkk dk çn'kZu ek= cuk nsukA bl xkSjo ds cks> dks ukjh ewd vkSj
fujhg Hkko ls ogu djrh vk jgh gSA iq#"k leqnk; ds bl "kMîa= dk Hkh ysf[kdk
us inkZQk'k fd;k gSA bl laca/k esa iq#"k leqnk; ds ftl nwljs gFkd.Ms dks
ysf[kdk us fo'ks"k :i ls çfrikfnr fd;k gS] og gS] iw¡thoknh ;qx esa /ku] vf/kdkj
vkSj /keZ dh lÙkk dk iq#"kksa ds gkFk esa gksukA /ku vkSj vf/kdkj ds cy ij vkt
og 'kkL= vkSj lekt ds fu;eksa dk fuekZrk cudj vius dks vf/kd&ls&vf/kd
LoPNan j[kdj ukjh dks dfBu&ls&dfBu ca/ku esa cka/kus esa leFkZ cu x;k gSA bl
fLFkfr dk [kqyklk dj egknsoh th us dsoy iq#"k leqnk; dks gh lko/kku ugha
fd;k gS oju ukjh leqnk; dks Hkh bl gFkd.Ms ds çfr tkx:d cuk;k gSA
mi;qZä foospu&fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gks tkrk gS fd çLrqr fuca/k dk çfrik|
Hkkjrh; ukjh&thou ds vfHk'kki ds fofHkUu i{kksa&igyqvksa dk mn~?kkVu djrs gq,
muds dkj.kksa ls voxr djkdj ukjh leqnk; dks tkx:d cukuk gSA ;gk¡ ysf[kdk
us viuh vksj ls ukjh leL;k ds fy, dksbZ lek/kku ugha çLrqr fd;k gSA ;g deh
vkidks eglwl gks ldrh gSA ysfdu ^Ükà[kyk dh dfM+;k¡^ 'kh"kZd laxzg esa ^viuh
ckr* ds varxZr ysf[kdk us bls Li"V djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd ^leL;k dk lek/kku
leL;k ds Kku ij fuHkZj gS vkSj Kku Kkrk dh vis{kk j[krk gSA vr% vf/kdkj ds
bPNqd O;fä dks vf/kdkjh Hkh gksuk pkfg,A^ ¼i`-6½ vkt ls yxHkx lkB o"kZ igys
O;ä dh xbZ ;g ekU;rk vkt Toyar :i ls ,d lPpkbZ cuh gqbZ gS] tks ge
lcds fy, fopkj.kh; gSA
cks/k ç'u
vc rd vki iwjh bdkbZ dk v/;;u dj pqds gSaA bdkbZ ls lacaf/kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj
dks"Bdksa esa nsa vkSj mUgsa bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa ls feykdj tk¡psaA
9½ bl fuca/k dh Hkk"kk esa fdl rjg ds 'kCnksa dh ç/kkurk gS\
d½ rn~Hko&rRle ls ;qä
[k½ rRle
x½ rn~Hko
?k½ mnwZ ¼ ½
10½ bl fuca/k esa fdl 'kSyh dh ç/kkurk gS\
d½ HkkokRed 'kSyh
[k½ foospukRed 'kSyh
x½ o.kZukRed 'kSyh
?k½ O;aX;kRed 'kSyh ¼ ½
11½ bl fuca/k dk çfrik| D;k gS\ lcls lgh mÙkj dks"Bd esa fufnZ"V djsaA
d½ ukjh&leL;k dk fp=.k
[k½ ukjh dks tkx:d cukuk
x½ ukjh&leL;k dk lek/kku
?k½ ukjh dks mPp vkn'kksaZ dh f'k{kk nsukA ¼ ½
126
12½ egknsoh dh foospukRed 'kSyh esa uhps fn, x, dqN rF; lgh gSa vkSj dqN
xyrA fu'kku yxkdj crk,¡ dh dkSu lgh gS vkSj dkSu xyrA
d½ fl)kar fu:i.k fd;k x;k gSA ¼lgh@xyr½
[k½ fl)karksa dh iquO;kZ[;k dh xbZ gSA ¼lgh@xyr½
x½ LokuqHkwr vuqHkoksa dk vf/kd lgkjk fy;k x;k gSA ¼lgh@xyr½
?k½ O;ogkj i{k ij vf/kd tksj fn;k x;k gSA ¼lgh@xyr½
vH;kl
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj nsa vkSj bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa ls feykdj
mUgsa tk¡paAs
5½ bl fuca/k dh Hkk"kk laca/kh fo'ks"krkvksa dks Ng iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsaA -
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6½ bl fuca/k dh 'kSyh laca/kh fdUgha rhu fo'ks"krkvksa dk pkj iafä;ksa esa mYys[k
djsaA
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7½ bl fuca/k ds çfrik| ds lcls egRoiw.kZ i{k dks pkj iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsaA
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^thus dh dyk^ 'kh"kZd fuca/k ls lacaf/kr bl bdkbZ dks i<+us ds ckn vki
fuEufyf[kr rF;ksa dks vPNh rjg le>dj viuh Hkk"kk esa O;ä dj ldrs gSa &
• egknsoh ds dfo O;fäRo vkSj x|dkj O;fäRo ds varj ij bl bdkbZ esa
foLrkj ls fopkj fd;k x;k gSA mudh thou&'kSyh dk okLrfod çfrfuf/kRo
127
mudk x| lkfgR; gh djrk gSA çLrqr bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds ckn bl rF;
dks vki vPNh rjg O;ä dj ldrs gSaA
• fuca/k dh varoZLrq ds fopkj&i{k vkSj Hkko&i{k dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks le>us ds
lkFk gh vki fopkj vkSj Hkko ds vkilh lac/a k dk Hkh fo'ys"k.k dj ldrs gSaA
• dfo lqyHk Hkkoqdrk] ukjh lqyHk dkseyrk vkSj lân;rk egknsoh ds O;fäRo
dh ewyHkwr fo'ks"krk gSA bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds ckn bl rF; dks vki vPNh
rjg le> dj viuh Hkk"kk esa fy[k ldrs gSaA
• fuca/k ds jpukdkyhu lkekftd ifjos'k dks bl bdkbZ ds ek/;e ls le>us
ds ckn vki egknsoh ds fopkjksa dk orZeku lanHkZ esa lgh ewY;kadu dj ldrs
gSaA
• bl bdkbZ esa lajpuk&f'kYi ds lanHkZ esa egknsoh dh x| Hkk"kk dks mudh
dkO; Hkk"kk ls fHkUu fganh dh ç—fr ds vuqdwy ç;ksx ij fo'ks"k :i ls çdk'k
Mkyk x;k gSA bl rF; dks le>dj vki Lo;a mlij leqfpr fopkj viuh
Hkk"kk esa dj ldrs gSaA
• oSls rks egknsoh dh 'kSyh foospukRed gS] ysfdu blds fy, rdZ&fordZ vkSj
O;k[;k&fo'ys"k.k dh vis{kk mUgksaus LokuqHkwr Hkkoksa dks gh fo'ks"k :i ls vk/kkj
cuk;k gSA vr% mudh foospukRed 'kSyh esa HkkokRed 'kSyh dk lekos'k vR;ar
dq'kyrk ds lkFk gqvk gSA bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds ckn vki bls vPNh rjg
le> dj foosfpr&fo'ysf"kr dj ldrs gSaA
• fuca/k ds 'kh"kZd ds egRo dks js[kkafdr djrs gq, mls çfrik| ls tksM+us dk
fo'ks"k ç;kl bl bdkbZ esa fd;k x;k gSA bls le>dj vki fuca/k ds çfrik|
dks vklkuh ls viuh Hkk"kk esa O;ä dj ldrs gSaA
lkis{k % ,d&nwljs ij fuHkZj] ijLij fuHkZjA

rwfydk % jaxus dh dwph] cz'kA
rRlac/a kh % mlls lacaf/krA
KkrO; % tkuus dk fo"k;] tkuus ;ksX;A
ea=ikBh 'kqd % ea= i<+us okyk rksrkA rksrs ds laca/k esa ;g okLrfodrk gS fd
tks jVk fn;k tk, mls og cksyrk jgrk gSA fuf"Ø; Kku
dh vkykspuk djrs gq, rqylhnkl us fy[kk gS fd
î<+k&fy[kk lqok ¼rksrk½ foykFkh ¼fcYyh½ [kk;hA^ rkRi;Z ;g
fd rksrs dks jVk fn;k x;k gS fd ^fcYyh vk, rks Hkkx tk,Â
ysfdu fcYyh ds vkus ij tc rd mlds }kjk og [kk ugha
fy;k tkrk rc rd ;gh jVrk jgrk gS fd fcYyh vk, rks
Hkkx tkuk^& Lo;a Hkkxrk ughaA vr% ea=ikBh 'kqd dk vFkZ
gqvk deZ'kwU; fujFkZd KkuA
Vhdk % vFkZ dks Li"V djus okyk] dqath ;k Hkk";A
lR;a czw;kr % lR; cksyksA
ân;axe % ân; dk vax cukuk] fny ls eglwl djkukA
128
Øks/kftr % Øks/k dks thrus okyk ;k o'k esa djus okykA
—i.k % datwlA
fun'kZu % n'kZu djkus okyk] çdV djus okykA
fojr % mnklhuA
vkgqfr % cfynkuA
;qxth.kZ % ;qxksa iqjkuh] ttZj] detksjA
v/kk±fxuh % iRuh]
foMEcuk % etkd] fojks/kh&fLFkfr] migkl
Øhrnklh % [kjhnh xbZ lsfodkA
e|i % 'kjkchA
ifjp;kZ % lsokA
tUekarj % ,d&tUe ls nwljs tUe rdA
bafxr % b'kkjk] ladsr
vk'p;kZfHkHkwr % vk'p;Z ls Hkj tkukA
Dofpr dqekrk dksbZ Hkh dqekrk ugha gksrhA D;ksafd ek¡ iq=ksa dh dBksj mis{kk
u Hkofr % ds ckotwn mudh dY;k.k&dkeuk gh djrh gSA
vUos"kd % [kkst djus okyk] 'kks/k djus okykA
fuLian % fLFkj] daiughu
i{kk?kkr % ydok
lfg".kqrk % lgu'khyrk
fujhg % vlgk;] cspkjk
xfgZr % ?kkrd] ihM+knk;d
miktZu % dekbZ
;a=.kk % ihM+k
fpjfuosfnr % cgqr igys ls fuosfnr ;k lefiZr
LoRo % vf/kdkj
Li`g.kh; % pkgh tkus ;ksX;
vareqZ[kh % var%dj.k ;k eu esa jgus okyhA
cfgeqZ[kh % ckgj dh vksj mUeq[k ;k lkekftd O;ogkj esa vkus okyhA
>a>k % vk¡/kh] rwQku
ey;&lehj % panu dh xa/k ls ;qä 'khry] ean ok;q
daVdkdh.kZ % dk¡Vksa ls Hkjk gqvkA
129
^Ükà[kyk dh dfM+;k¡^] egknsoh oekZ] Hkkjrh; Hk.Mkj] yhMj çsl] ç;kx ¼Hkwfedk Hkkx
rFkk ukjh fo"k;d vU; fuca/kksa ds fy,½
egknsoh dk x| lkfgR; % fo'ys"k.k vkSj Lo:i] M‚- xksonZ~/ku flag] vuqHko çdk'ku]
105@727] Jh uxj] dkuiqjA
egknsoh oekZ % dkO; vkSj thou n'kZu] laik- 'kph jkuh xqVZw] vkRekjke ,.M lal]
fnYyhA
egknsoh % fparu o dyk] laik- bUæukFk enku] jk/kk—".k çdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh&110
002-
1½ x
2½ [k
3½ x
4½ x
5½ [k
6½ [k
7½ x
8½ [k
9½ d
10½ [k
11½ [k
12½ d ¼xyr½
13½ [k ¼xyr½
14½ x ¼lgh½
15½ ?k ¼lgh½
1½ Hkkjrh; ukjh us vius fy, fu/kkZfjr fl)karksa&vkn'kksaZ ds O;kogkfjd egRo dks

le>s fcuk gh mUgsa vius iSjksa dh csfM+;k¡ cuk MkykA mlus R;kx] lgu'khyrk]
ikfrozR;] eerk] Lusg] cfynku vkfn xq.kksa dk va/k&Hkko ls ikyu djrs gq,
bUgsa viuk /keZ eku fy;k gSA blfy, mls iq#"k ç/kku lekt ds vR;kpkjksa dks
cfy&i'kq dh rjg ewd Hkko ls >syuk iM+rk gSA
2½ O;fäxr vuqHko ls tqM+s Hkko gh O;kid lkekftd lanHkks± ls la;qä gksdj
fopkj dh laKk çkIr djrs gSaA vuqHkwr vuqHko futh lac/a kksa rd lhfer jgus
130
okyk Hkko gksrk gS] ysfdu ogh tc lekt ds ckgjh lac/kksa vkSj nwljksa ds
vuqHkoksa ds chp dV&NaV vkSj l¡oj dj cqf) vkSj foosd dk :i /kkj.k dj
ysrk gS rks fopkj dh laKk çkIr djrk gSA blfy, Hkko vkSj fopkj] ,d&nwljs
ds iwjd vkSj vU;ksU;kfJr gSa] vFkkZr ,d&nwljs ij vkfJr gSaA
3½ Hkkx 4-5 ¼ifjos'k½ esa nh xbZ lkexzh ds vk/kkj ij bldk lgh mÙkj vki Lo;a
fy[k ldrs gSaA
4½ egknsoh ds O;fäRo dh çFke fo'ks"krk gS ukjh ân; dh dkseyrkA os fdlh Hkh
nq[kn ekfeZd çlax ij d#.kk ls vfHkHkwr gks tkrh gSaA muds O;fäRo dh
nwljh fo'ks"krk gS vlgk; vkSj mRihfMr ukjh ds çfr vlhe lgkuqHkwfr] ftlds
mnkgj.kksa ls ;g fuca/k Hkjk iM+k gSA muds O;fäRo dh rhljh fo'ks"krk gS]
vU;k; vkSj vR;kpkj ds fo#) çfrdkj vkSj fojks/k dh ço`fÙkA bl fuca/k esa
muds O;fäRo dh ;s rhuksa fo'ks"krk,¡ çeq[krk ds lkFk mn~?kkfVr gqbZ gSaA
5½ Hkk"kk ds rRle laL—rfu"B :i dk vkxzg NksM+dj egknsoh us rn~Hko vkSj
rRle ls la;qä 'kCnkoyh dks gh vius fuca/k dk vk/kkj cuk;k gSA cgqr ls
laL—r ds rRle ls yxus okys 'kCn rn~Hko 'kCnksa ds lkFk bl dkS'ky ls j[ks
x, gSa fd os fganh dh okLrfod ç—fr ds vuqdwy lgt] ljy vkSj çokge;
Hkk"kk dk Lo:i çLrqr djrs gSaA mudh Hkk"kk iw.kZr% O;kdj.k&lEer gSA
6½ egknsoh dh 'kSyh dh çeq[k fo'ks"krk gS] mldh foospukRedrkA nwljh fo'ks"krk
gS] foospu ds lkFk HkkokRedrk dk dq'ky la;ksxA rhljh fo'ks"krk gS]
rdZ&fordZ vkSj [k.Mu&e.Mu dh ckSf)drk ds LFkku ij fo"k; dh iqf"V ds
fy, fofHkUu mnkgj.kksa vkSj LokuqHkwr thou rRoksa dk lgkjk ysukA
7½ bl fuca/k dk eq[; çfrik| Hkkjrh; ukjh&thou ds vfHk'kkiksa ds fofHkUu i{kksa
dk mn~?kkVu djrs gq, muds okLrfod dkj.kksa ls voxr djk dj ukjh
leqnk; dks tkx`r djuk gSA bl çfØ;k esa mUgksaus iq#"k leqnk; }kjk viuk,
x, fofHkUu gFkd.Mksa ds çfr mUgsa lko/kku Hkh fd;k gSA ukjh Lo;a viuh
;ksX;rk ls vf/kdkjh cudj gh vius vf/kdkjksa dks çkIr dj ldsxh] ;g
egknsoh th dk vafre fu"d"kZ gSA
131
5-0 mn~n's ;
5-1 çLrkouk
5-2 vkRedFkk % ^twBu* dk okpu
5-3 lkj
5-4 varoZLrq
5-5 pfj=&fo'ys"k.k
5-6 ifjos'k
5-7 lajpuk&f'kYi
5-7-1 Hkk"kk
5-7-2 'kSyh
5-8 'kh"kZd
5-9 çfrik|
5-10 lkjka'k
5-11 'kCnkoyh
5-12 dqN mi;ksxh iqLrdsa
5-13 cks/k ç'uks@
a vH;klksa ds mÙkj
fiNyh bdkbZ esa vkidk ifjp; egknsoh oekZ ds ,d fuca/k ds ek/;e ls fganw
lekt esa Hkkjrh; ukjh ds ;kruke; thou ds vfHk'kki ls djk;k x;k gSA bl
bdkbZ esa vki fganw lekt ds ,d tkx:d nfyr lkfgR;dkj dh vkRedFkk ^twBu^
ds ek/;e ls vNwr tkfr;ksa ds mRihM+u vkSj muds lkFk gksus okys vekuqf"kd
vR;kpkjksa dk v/;;u djus tk jgs gSaA oLrqr% vkt ukjh&eqfä vkSj nfyr&eqfä
ds vkanksyu nksuksa gh lkfgR; ds dsaæ esa vk pqds gSaA bl bdkbZ dks i<+us ds ckn
vki %
• vkRedFkk uked x| fo/kk dh fo'ks"krk,¡ le> ldsaxs(
• vkRedFkkdkj ds thou ds ;krukiw.kZ çlaxksa ls nfyr thou dh okLrfod
ihM+k dks le> vkSj O;ä dj ldsax(s
• vkRedFkk esa O;ä ys[kdh; pfj= vkSj O;fäRo dks le> ldsax(s
• vkRedFkk ds lajpuk&f'kYi dh fo'ks"krkvksa dh iwjh tkudkjh çkIr dj ldsaxs(
• Lokra«;ksÙkj Hkkjrh; lkekftd ifjos'k ds ,d egRoiw.kZ vfHk'kki & vLi`';rk
dh leL;k ds lkFk gh vlekurk ewyd fganw /keZ&O;oLFkk dh folaxfr;ksa dks
Hkh js[kkafdr dj ldsaxs vkSj
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• vkRedFkk ds çfrik| dks vPNh rjg ls foosfpr&fo'ysf"kr djus dh {kerk
çkIr dj ldsaxsA
vkRedFkk fganh lkfgR; ds laLej.k] thouh] dFkk&lkfgR; ls fHkUu ,d Lora= vkSj

egRoiw.kZ x|&fo/kk gSA laLej.k vius thou ls lEc) ,d fof'k"V fLFkfr ;k çlax
rd lhfer gksrk gSA egknsoh }kjk fy[ks x, ^vrhr ds pyfp=^] ^Le`fr dh js[kk,¡^
vkfn xzaFk laLej.k lkfgR; ds vPNs mnkgj.k gSaA thouh egRoiw.kZ O;fä;ksa ij
nwljksa }kjk fy[kh tkrh gSA dFkk&dgkuh esa dfYir ik=ksa dks vk/kkj cuk;k tkrk
gSA ysfdu vkRedFkk Lo;a vius ckjs esa fy[kh tkrh gS] blfy, blesa thouh vkSj
dFkk&lkfgR; dh Hkk¡fr vuqeku vkSj dYiuk ds fy, dksbZ vodk'k ugha gksrkA vr%
vkRedFkk Lo;a vius ckjs esa bZekunkjh ls fy[kk x;k ,d çkekf.kd nLrkost ekuk
tk ldrk gSA Lok/khurk vkanksyu ds nkSjku egkRek xka/kh] iafMr tokgjyky usg:
}kjk fy[kh xbZ vkRedFkk,¡ dkQh egRoiw.kZ gSaA
fganh vkSj vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa lkfgR;dkjksa }kjk vkRedFkk&ys[ku dh ijaijk
dkQh u;h gSA fganh esa tks FkksM+h&cgqr vkRedFkk,¡ fy[kh xbZ gSa] muesa vius
O;fäRo dks çdk'k esa ykus dk gh ç;kl vf/kd fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA gfjoa'k jk; cPpu
dh vkRedFkk bldk çek.k gSA mudh vkRedFkk ds vafre [kaM ij fVIi.kh djrs
gq, fncsu us fy[kk gS fd ;g vkRedFkk cPpu dh vis{kk mudh dqfr;k dh vf/kd
gks tkrh gSA ysfdu cgqr lkjs nfyr lkfgR;dkjksa }kjk fy[kh xbZ vkRedFkk,¡ mä
rF; dks xyr fl) djrh gSaA ejkBh ds nfyr lkfgR;dkj n;k iokj dh
vkRedFkk ^cyqr*a bldk Toyar mnkgj.k gSA bl –f"V ls fganh ds nfyr
lkfgR;dkj eksgunkl uSfe'kjk; dh vkRedFkk ^vius&vius fiatjs* ,d lkFkZd
ç;kl ekuk tk ldrk gSA bl Ükà[kyk dh ubZ dM+h ds :i esa vkseçdk'k okYehfd
}kjk fy[kh xbZ vkRedFkk ^twBu^ fo'ks"k :i ls mYys[kuh; gSA lwjtiky pkSgku
dh nfyr thou ls lEc) vkRedFkk ^frjL—r* gky gh esa çdkf'kr gqbZ gS ftls
nfyr vkRedFkk dh fn'kk esa ,d l'kä dne ekuk tk ldrk gSA
vkseçdk'k okYehfd dk tUe 30 twu] 1950 dks eqt¶Qjiqj tuin ds cjyk xk¡o
¼mÙkj çns'k esa fLFkr½ esa ,d vHkkoxzLr pwgM+ ;k Hkaxh ifjokj esa gqvk FkkA viuh
vR;ar fo"ke vkSj ;krukiw.kZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks ckY;koLFkk ls fd'kksjkoLFkk rd >syrs
gq, bl lkglh O;fä us viuh çfrHkk ds cy ij iw.kZ f'k{kk çkIr djrs gq, varr%
v‚fMZusal QSDVjh ds lEekfur in dks çkIr djus esa lQyrk gkfly dhA egkjk"Vª
dh pUæiqj] mÙkj çns'k dh nsgjknwu vkSj e/; çns'k dh tcyiqj fLFkr v‚fMZusal
QSDVfj;ksa esa dke djrs gq, Hkh vkseçdk'k okYehfd lkfgR; ds {ks= esa lfØ; gSaA
fganh dfork] dgkuh] vkykspuk ds lkFk gh vkRedFkk ds ys[ku esa Hkh bUgksaus
lQyrkiwoZd nfyr lkfgR; dk çfrfuf/kRo fd;k gSA buds ik¡p dfork laxzg] pkj
dgkuh laxzg vkSj rhu vkykspukRed xzaFk izdkf'kr gSaA budh vkRedFkk ^twBu^ dk
vkjafHkd va'k vkids okpu ds fy, fn;k tk jgk gSA mls i<+dj vki Lo;a budh
ihM+k vkSj vHkkoxzLr nfyr thou dh ;kruk dk vuqHko dj ldsaxsA blds lkFk gh
vki iwjs ns'k ds vNwr thou dh vekuoh; vkSj viekutud fLFkfr dk Hkh vuqHko
dj ldsaxsA
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gekjk ?kj paæHkku rxk ds ?ksj ls lVk gqvk FkkA mlds ckn dqN ifjokj eqlyeku
tqykgksa ds FksA paæHkku rxk ds ?ksj ds Bhd lkeus ,d NksVh&lh tksgM+h ¼tksgM+
dk L=hfyax½ Fkh] ftlus pqgM+ksa ds cxM+ ¼cLrh½ vkSj xk¡o ds chp ,d Qklyk cuk
fn;k FkkA tksgM+h dk uke MCcksokyh FkkA MCcksokyh uke dSls iM+k dguk eqf'dy
gSA gk¡] bruk t:j gS fd bl MCcksokyh tksgM+h dk :i ,d cM+s xM~Ms ds leku
Fkk] ftlds ,d vksj rxkvksa ds iDds edkuksa dh Å¡ph nhokjsa FkhaA ftuls ledks.k
cukrh gqbZ >haojksa ds nks&rhu ifjokjksa ds dPps edkuksa dh nhokjsa FkhaA mlds ckn
fQj rxkvksa ds edku FksA tksgM+h ds fdukjs ij pwgM+ksa ds edku Fks] ftuds ihNs
xk¡o Hkj dh vkSjrsa] toku yM+fd;k¡] cM+h&cw<+h ;gk¡ rd fd ubZ uosyh nqYgusa Hkh
blh MCcksokyh ds fdukjs [kqys esa Vêh&Qjkxr ds fy, cSB tkrh FkhaA jkr ds va/ksjs
esa gh ugha] fnu ds mtkys esa Hkh inksaZ esa jgus okyh R;kxh efgyk,¡] ?kw¡?kV dk<s]
nq'kkys vks<+s bl lkoZtfud [kqys 'kkSpky; esa fuo`fÙk ikrh FkhaA reke 'keZ&fygkt
NksM+dj os MCcksokyh ds fdukjs xksiuh; ftLe m?kkM+dj cSB tkrh FkhaA blh txg
xk¡o Hkj ds yM+kbZ&>xM+s] xksyest d‚UÝsal dh 'kDy esa pfpZr gksrs FksA pkjksa rjQ
xanxh Hkjh gksrh FkhA ,slh nqx±/k fd feuV Hkj esa lk¡l ?kqV tk,A rax xfy;ksa esa
?kwers lwvj] uax&/kMax cPps] jkstejkZ ds >xM+s] cl ;g Fkk og okrkoj.k] ftlesa
cpiu chrkA bl ekgkSy esa ;fn o.kZ&O;oLFkk dks vkn'kZ&O;oLFkk dgus okyksa dks
nks&pkj fnu jguk iM+ tk, rks mudh jk; cny tk,xhA
mlh cxM+ esa gekjk ifjokj jgrk FkkA ik¡p HkkbZ] ,d cgu] nks pkpk] ,d rkÅ dk
ifjokjA pkpk vkSj rkÅ vyx jgrs FksA ?kj esa lHkh dksbZ u dksbZ dke djrs FksA
fQj Hkh nks twu dh jksVh Bhd <ax ls ugha py ikrh FkhA rxkvksa ds ?kjksa esa
lkQ&lQkbZ ls ysdj] [ksrh&ckM+h] esgur&etnwjh lHkh dke gksrs FksA Åij
jkr&csjkr csxkj djuh iM+rhA csxkj ds cnys esa dksbZ iSlk ;k vukt ugha feyrk
FkkA csxkj ds fy, uk dgus dh fgEer fdlh esa ugha FkhA xkyh&xykSt] çrkM+uk
vyxA uke ysdj iqdkjus dh fdlh dks vknr ugha FkhA mez esa cM+k gks rks ^vks
pwgM+s^] cjkcj ;k mez esa NksVk gS rks ^vcs pwgM+s ds^ ;gh rjhdk ;k lacks/ku FkkA
vLi`';rk dk ,slk ekgkSy fd dqÙks&fcYyh] xk;&HkSal dk Nwuk cqjk ugha Fkk ysfdu
;fn pwgM+s dk Li'kZ gks tk, rks iki yx tkrk FkkA lkekftd Lrj ij bulkuh
ntkZ ugha FkkA os flQZ t:jr dh oLrq FksA dke iwjk gksrs gh mi;ksx [kReA
bLrseky djks] nwj QsadksA
gekjs eksgYys esa ,d bZlkbZ vkrs FksA uke Fkk lsod jke elhghA pwgM+ksa ds cPpksa dks
?ksjdj cSBs jgrs FksA i<+uk&fy[kuk fl[kkrs FksA ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa rks dksbZ ?kqlus
ugha nsrk FkkA lsod jke elhgh ds ikl flQZ eq>s gh Hkstk x;k FkkA HkkbZ rks dke
djrs FksA cgu dks Ldwy Hkstus dk loky gh ugha FkkA
ekLVj lsod jke elhgh ds [kqys] fcuk dejksa] fcuk VkV&pVkbZ okys Ldwy esa
v{kj&Kku 'kq: fd;k FkkA ,d fnu lsod jke elhgh vkSj esjs firkth esa dqN
[kViV gks xbZ FkhA firkth eq>s ysdj csfld çkbejh fo|ky; x, Fks tks d{kk ik¡p
rd FkkA ogk¡ ekLVj gjQwy flag FksA muds lkeus esjs firkth us fxM+fxM+kdj dgk
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Fkk] êkLVjth] Fkkjh esgjckUuh gks tkxh tks Egkjs bl tkdr ¼cPpk½ dwch nks v{kj
fl[kk nksxAs ^
ekLVj gjQwy flag us vxys fnu vkus dks dgk FkkA firkth vxys jkst fQj x,A
dbZ fnu rd Ldwy ds pDdj dkVrs jgsA vkf[kj ,d jkst Ldwy esa nkf[kyk fey
x;kA mu fnuksa ns'k dks vktknh feys vkB lky gks x, FksA xk¡/kh th ds vNwrks)kj
dh çfr/ofu lqukbZ iM+rh FkhA ljdkjh Ldwyksa ds }kj vNwrksa ds fy, [kqyus 'kq:
rks gks x, Fks] ysfdu tulkekU; dh ekufldrk esa dksbZ fo'ks"k cnyko ugha vk;k
FkkA Ldwy esa nwljksa ls nwj cSBuk iM+rk Fkk] og Hkh tehu ijA vius cSBus dh
txg rd vkrs&vkrs pVkbZ NksVh iM+ tkrh FkhA dHkh&dHkh rks ,dne ihNs njokts
ds ikl cSBuk iM+rk FkkA tgk¡ ls cksMZ ij fy[ks v{kj /kqa/kys fn[krs FksA
R;kfx;ksa ds cPps ^pqgM+s dk^ dgdj fp<+krs FksA dHkh&dHkh fcuk dkj.k fiVkbZ Hkh
dj nsrs FksA ,d vthc&lh ;krukiw.kZ ftanxh Fkh] ftlus eq>s vareqZ[kh vkSj
fpM+fpM+k] rqudfetkth cuk fn;k FkkA Ldwy esa I;kl yxs rks gSaMiai ds ikl [kM+s
jgdj fdlh ds vkus dk bartkj djuk iM+rk FkkA gSaMiai Nwus ij ckosyk gks tkrk
FkkA yM+ds rks ihVrs gh FksA ekLVj yksx Hkh gSaMiai Nwus ij ltk nsrs FksA
rjg&rjg ds gFkdaMs viuk, tkrs Fks rkfd eSa Ldwy NksM+dj Hkkx tkÅ¡] vkSj eSa Hkh
mUgha dkeksa esa yx tkÅ¡] ftuds fy, esjk tUe gqvk FkkA muds vuqlkj] Ldwy
vkuk esjh vuf/kdkj ps"Vk FkhA
esjh gh d{kk esa jke flag vkSj lqD[ku flag Hkh FksA jke flag tkfr esa pekj Fkk vkSj
lqD[ku flag >haojA jke flag ds firkth vkSj ek¡ [ksrksa esa etnwjh djrs FksA lqD[ku
flag ds firkth baVj d‚yst esa pijklh FksA ge rhuksa lkFk&lkFk i<+s] cM+s gq,]
cpiu ds [kês&ehVs vuqHko lesVs FksA rhuksa i<+us esa ges'kk vkxs jgsA ysfdu tkfr
dk NksVkiu dne&dne ij Nyrk jgkA
cjyk xk¡o esa dqN eqlyeku R;kxh Hkh FksA R;kfx;ksa dks Hkh rxk dgrs FksA eqlyeku
rxkvksa dk O;ogkj Hkh fganqvksa tSlk gh FkkA dHkh dksbZ vPNk lkQ&lqFkjk diM+k
igudj ;fn fudys rks QfCr;k¡ lquuh iM+rh FkhaA ,slh QfCr;k¡ tks cq>s rhj dh
rjg Hkhrj rd mrj tkrh FkhaA ,slk ges'kk gksrk FkkA lkQ&lqFkjs diM+s igudj
d{kk esa tkvks rks lkFk ds yM+ds dgrs] ^vcs pwgM+s dk] u, diM+s igudj vk;k gSA^
eSys&iqjkus diM+s igudj Ldwy tkvks rks dgrs] ^vcs pwgMs ds] nwj gV] cncw vk
jgh gSA^
vthc gkykr FksA nksuksa gh fLFkfr;ksa esa viekfur gksuk iM+rk FkkA pkS{kh d{kk esa FksA
gsMekLVj fc'kEcj flag dh txg dyhjke vk x, FksA muds lkFk ,d vkSj ekLVj
vk, FksA muds vkrs gh ge rhuksa ds cgqr cqjs fnu vk x, FksA ckr&csckr ij
fiVkbZ gks tkrh FkhA jke flag rks dHkh&dHkh cp Hkh tkrk Fkk] ysfdu lqD[ku flag
vkSj esjh fiVkbZ rks vke ckr FkhA eSa oSls Hkh dkQh detksj vkSj nqcyk&iryk Fkk
mu fnuksaA
lqD[ku ds isV ij ilfy;ksa ds Bhd Åij ,d QksM+k gks x;k Fkk] ftlls gj oä
ihi cgrh jgrh FkhA d{kk esa og viuh deht Åij dh rjQ bl rjg eksM+dj
j[krk Fkk] rkfd QksM+k [kqyk jgsA ,d rks deht ij ihi yxus dk Mj Fkk] nwljs
ekLVj dh fiVkbZ ds le; QksM+s dks cpk;k tk ldrk Fkk
135
,d fnu ekLVj us lqD[ku flag dks ihVrs le; ml QksM+s ij gh ,d ?k¡l w k tM+
fn;kA lqD[ku dh nnZukd ph[k fudyhA QksM+k QwV x;k FkkA mls rM+irk ns[kdj
eq>s Hkh jksuk vk x;k FkkA ekLVj ge yksxksa dks jksrk ns[kdj yxkrkj xkfy;k¡ cd
jgk FkkA ,slh xkfy;k¡ ftUgsa ;fn 'kCnc) dj nw¡ rks fganh dh vfHktkR;rk ij /kCck
yx tk,xkA D;ksafd esjh ,d dgkuh ^cSy dh [kky* esa ,d ik= ds eq¡g ls xkyh
fnyok nsus ij fganh ds dbZ cM+s ys[kdksa us ukd&HkkSa fldksM+h FkhA la;ksx ls xkyh
nsus okyk ik= czkã.k FkkA czkã.k ;kuh czã dk Kkrk vkSj xkyh----A
v/;kidksa dk vkn'kZ :i tks eSaus ns[kk og vHkh rd esjh Le`fr ls feVk ugha gSA
tc Hkh dksbZ vkn'kZ xq# dh ckr djrk gS rks eq>s os reke f'k{kd ;kn vk tkrs gSa
tks ek¡&cgu dh xkfy;k¡ nsrs FksA lqanj yM+dksa ds xky lgykrs Fks vkSj mUgsa vius
?kj cqykdj muls okfg;kriu djrs FksA
,d jkst gsMekLVj dyhjke us vius dejs esa cqykdj iwNk] ^D;k uke gS cs rsjk\^
^vkseçdk'k^] eSaus Mjrs&Mjrs /khes Loj esa viuk uke crk;kA gsMekLVj dks ns[krs gh
cPps lge tkrs FksA iwjs Ldwy esa mudh ng'kr FkhA
^pwgM+s dk gS\^ gsMekLVj dk nwljk loky mNykA
^th^
^Bhd gS----og tks lkeus 'kh'ke dk isM+ [kM+k gS] ml ij p<+ tk vkSj Vgfu;k¡
rksM+ds >kMw c.kk ysA iÙkksa okyh >kMw c.kkukA vkSj iwjs Ldwy dw ,slk pedk ns
tSlk lhlkA rsjk rks ;ks [kkunkuh dke gSA tk---QVkQV yx tk dke isA^
gsMekLVj ds vkns'k ij eSaus Ldwy ds dejs] cjkens lkQ dj fn,A rHkh os [kqn
pydj vk, vkSj cksy]s ^blds ckn eSnku Hkh lkQ dj nsA^
yack&pkSM+k eSnku esjs otwn ls dbZ xquk cM+k Fkk] ftls lkQ djus ls esjh dej nnZ
djus yxh FkkA /kwy ls psgjk] flj v¡V x;k FkkA eq¡g ds Hkhrj /kwy ?kql xbZ FkhA
esjh d{kk esa ckdh cPps i<+ jgs Fks vkSj eSa >kM+w yxk jgk FkkA gsMekLVj vius dejs
esa cSBs Fks ysfdu fuxkg eq> ij fVdh FkhA ikuh ihus rd dh btkt ugha FkhA iwjk
fnu eSa >kM+w yxkrk jgkA reke vuqHkoksa ds chp dHkh bruk dke ugha fd;k FkkA
oSls Hkh ?kj esa Hkkb;ksa dk eSa ykM+yk FkkA
nwljs fnu Ldwy ig¡pkA tkrs gh gsMekLVj us fQj >kM+w ds dke ij yxk fn;kA
iwjs fnu >kM+w nsrk jgkA eu esa ,d rlYyh Fkh fd dy ls d{kk esa cSB tkÅ¡xkA
rhljs fnu eSa d{kk esa tkdj pqipki cSB x;kA FkksM+h nsj ckn mudh ngkM+ lqukbZ
iM+h] ^vcs] vks pwgM+s ds] ---------- dgk¡ ?kql x;k-----viuh ek¡---^
mudh ngkM+ lqudj eSa Fkj&Fkj dk¡ius yxk FkkA ,d R;kxh yM+ds us fpYykdj
dgk] êkLlkc] oks cSëk gS dks.ks esaA^
gsMekLVj us yiddj esjh xnZu ncksp yhA mudh m¡xfy;ksa dk ncko esjh xnZu
ij c<+ jgk FkkA tSls dksbZ HksfM+;k cdjh ds cPps dks nckspdj mBk ysrk gSA d{kk
ls ckgj [khapdj mlus eq>s cjkens esa yk iVdkA ph[kdj cksys] ^tk yxk iwjs
136
eSnku esa >kMw----ugha rks------ esa fephZ Mkyds Ldwy ls ckgj dk<+ ¼fudky½ nwaxkA^
Hk;Hkhr gksdj eSaus rhu fnu iqjkuh ogh 'kh'ke dh >kM+w mBk yhA esjh rjg gh
mlds iÙks lw[kdj >jus yxs FksA flQZ cph Fkha iryh&iryh Vgfu;k¡A esjh vk¡[kksa
ls vk¡lw cgus yxs FksA jksrs&jksrs eSnku esa >kM+w yxkus yxkA Ldwy ds dejksa dh
f[kM+dh] njoktksa ls ekLVjksa vkSj yM+dksa dh vk¡[ksa fNidj rek'kk ns[k jgh FkhaA esjk
jkse&jkse ;kruk dh xgjh [kkb± esa yxkrkj fxj jgk FkkA
esjs firkth vpkud Ldwy ds ikl ls xqtjsA eq>s Ldwy ds eSnku esa >kM+w yxkrk
ns[kdj fBBd x,A ckgj ls gh vkokt nsdj cksys] êqa'kh th] ;ks D;k dj jk gS\^ os
I;kj ls eq>s eqa'kh th gh dgk djrs FksA mUgsa ns[kdj eSa QQd iM+kA os Ldwy ds
eSnku esa esjs ikl vk x,A eq>s jksrk ns[kdj cksys] êqa'kh th----jksrs D;ksa gks\ Bhd ls
cksy] D;k gqvk gS\^
esjh fgpfd;k¡ c¡/k xbZ FkhaA fgpd&fgpddj iwjh ckr firkth dks crk nh fd rhu
fnu ls jkst >kM+w yxok jgs gSaA d{kk esa i<+us Hkh ugha nsrsA
firkth us esjs gkFk ls >kM+w Nhudj nwj Qsad nhA mudh vk¡[kksa esa vkx dh xehZ
mrj vkbZ FkhA ges'kk nwljksa ds lkeus rhj&deku cus jgus okys firkth dh
yach&yach ?kuh ewaNs xqLls esa QM+QM+kus yxh FkhaA ph[kus yxs] ^dkS.k&lk ekLVj gS
oks æks.kkpk;Z dh vkSykn] tks esjs yM+ds ls >kMw yxokos gS----^
firkth dh vkokt iwjs Ldwy esa xwat xbZ Fkh] ftls lqudj gsMekLVj ds lkFk lHkh
ekLVj ckgj vk x, FksA dyhjke gsMekLVj us xkyh nsdj esjs firkth dks
/kedk;kA ysfdu firkth ij /kedh dk dksbZ vlj ugha gqvkA ml jkst ftl
lkgl vkSj gkSlys ls firkth us gsMekLVj dk lkeuk fd;k] eSa mls dHkh Hkwy ugha
ik;kA dbZ rjg dh detksfj;k¡ Fkha firkth esa ysfdu esjs Hkfo"; dks tks eksM+ ml
jkst mUgksaus fn;k] mldk çHkko esjh ^'kf[l;r ij iM+kA
gsMekLVj us rst vkokt esa dgk Fkk] ^ys tk bls ;gk¡ ls----pwgM+k gksds i<+kus pyk
gS-----tk pyk tk----ugha rks gkM+&xksM+ rqM+ok nwaxkA^
firkth us esjk gkFk idM+k vkSj ysdj ?kj dh rjQ py fn,A tkrs&tkrs gsMekLVj
dks lqukdj cksys] êkLVj gks-----blfy, tk jgk gw¡-----ij bruk ;kn jf[k, ekLVj-----
;ks pwgM+s dk ;gha i<+sxk-----blh enjls esaA vkSj ;ks gh ugha] blds ckn vkSj Hkh
vkosaxs i<+us dwA^
cks/k ç'u
^vkRedFkk^ dk ewy ikB vkius i<+ fy;k gksxkA ifBr va'kksa ds vk/kkj ij
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa esa ls lgh mÙkj dks dks"Bdksa esa la[;k dk funsZ'k djds crk,¡
vkSj bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa ls mls feykdj tk¡p ysaA
1½ lsod jke elhgh D;k djrs Fks\
d½ bZlkbZ /keZ dk çpkj djrs FksA
[k½ nhu&nqf[k;k yksxksa dh lsok djrs FksA
x½ pwgM+ksa ds cPpksa dks i<+uk&fy[kuk fl[kkrs FksA
?k½ [ksrh&ckM+h djrs FksA ¼ ½
137
2½ gsMekLVj dyhjke us Ldwy esa ckyd vkseçdk'k dks D;k dke lkSaik Fkk\
d½ JeiwoZd ikB rS;kj djus dkA
[k½ Ldwy esa vanj vkSj ckgj >kM+w yxkus dkA
x½ viuh lsok dkA
?k½ Ldwy ds cPpksa dh fuxjkuh dkA ¼ ½
3½ ys[kd dh ml dgkuh dk uke crk,¡] ftlesa ,d ik= ds eq¡g ls xkyh
fnyokus ds dkj.k fganh ds dbZ cM+s ys[kdksa us ukd&HkkSa fldksM+h Fkh\
d½ ^lyke^
[k½ ^cSy dh [kky^
x½ ^'ko ;k=k^
?k½ ^taxy dh jkuh^ ¼ ½
4½ ifBr va'k ds vk/kkj ij fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k esa fjä LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ djsa %
cjyk xk¡o esa dqN--------------------R;kxh Hkh FksA R;kfx;ksa dks Hkh--------------dgrs FksA
eqlyeku------ dk O;ogkj Hkh-----------tSlk FkkA
firkth dks fo'okl Fkk] xk¡o ds R;kxh ekLVj dyhjke dh bl gjdr ij mls
'kfeaZnk djsaxsA ysfdu gqvk Bhd mYVkA ftldk njoktk [kV[kVk;k ;gh mÙkj
feyk] ^D;k djksxs Ldwy Hkstds^ ;k ^dkSok ch dch gal c.k lds^] ^rqe vui<+ x¡okj
yksx D;k tk.kks] fo|k ,sls gkfly uk gksrhA^] ^vjs! pwgM+s ds tkdr dw >kMw yxkus
dw dg fn;k rks dks.k&lk tqYe gks x;k^] ^;k fQj >kMw gh rks yxokbZ gS] æks.kkpk;Z
dh rfj;ksa xq#&nf{k.kk esa v¡xwBk rks ugha ek¡xk^ vkfn&vkfnA
firkth Fkd&gkj fujk'k ykSV vk,] fcuk [kk,&fi, jkr Hkj cSBs jgsA irk ugha
fdl xgu ihM+k dks Hkksx jgs Fks esjs firkthA lqcg gksrs gh mUgksaus eq>s lkFk fy;k
vkSj ç/kku lxok flag R;kxh dh cSBd esa igqap x,A
firkth dks ns[krs gh ç/kku cksy-s ^vcs] NksVu--------D;k ckr gS\ rM+ds gh rM+ds vk
fy;k^
^pkS/kjh lkgc] re rks dgks rs ljdkj us pwgM+s&pekjksa ds tkdrksa ¼cPpksa½ ds fy,
enjlksa ds njokts [kksy fn, gSaA vkSj ;gk¡ rks gsMekLVj esjs bl tkdr dw i<+kus
ds ctk, Dykl ls ckgj ykds fnu Hkj >kMw yxokos gSA ftc ;ks fnu Hkj enjls
esa >kMw yxkosxk rks bc re gh crkvks i<+sxk dc\^ firkth ç/kku ds lkeus
fxM+fxM+k jgs FksA mudh vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw FksA eSa ikl [kM+k firkth dks ns[k jgk FkkA
ç/kku us eq>s vius ikl cqykdj iwNk] ^dks.k&lh fdykl esa i<+s gS\^
^th pkSFkh esaA^
Êgkjs egsUæ dh fdykl esa gh gks\^
^thA^
ç/kku th us firkth ls dgk] ^fQdj uk dj dy enjls esa bls Hkst ns.kkA^
138
vxys jkst Mjrs&Mjrs eSa Ldwy igq¡pk] Mjk&Mjk d{kk esa cSBk jgk] gj {k.k yxrk
Fkk vc vk;k gsMekLVj----vc vk;kA tjk&lh vkgV ij fny ?kcjkus yxrk FkkA
mlds ckn fLFkfr lkekU; gks xbZ FkhA ysfdu dyhjke gsMekLVj dks ns[krs gh esjh
:g dk¡i tkrh FkhA yxrk] tSls lkeus ls ekLVj ugha dksbZ taxyh lwvj FkwFkuh
mBk, fpafp;krk pyk vk jgk gSA
xsgw¡ dh Qly dVus ds oä eksgYys ds lHkh yksx rxkvksa ds [ksrksa esa xsgw¡ dkVus
tkrs FksA rirh nksigj esa xsgw¡ dkVuk cgqr d"Vçn vkSj dfBu gksrk gSA flj ij
cjlrh /kwiA uhps rirh tehu] uaxs ik¡o esa dVs ikS/kksa dh tM+sa 'kwy dh rjg ryoksa
esa pqHkrh FkhaA muls Hkh T;knk pqHku gksrh Fkh ljlksa vkSj pus dh tM+kas lsA puk
dkVus esa ,d dfBukbZ vkSj FkhA pus ds iÙkksa ij [kVkbZ gksrh gS tks dkVrs le;
iwjs 'kjhj ij fpid tkrh gSA ugkus ij Hkh de ugha gksrhA dVkbZ djus okys
vf/kdrj pwgM+s ;k pekj gh gksrs Fks] ftuds ru ij diM+s flQZ uke Hkj ds gksrs
FksA ik¡o esa twrk gksus dk rks loky gh ugha gksrk FkkA uaxs ik¡o Qly dVus rd
cqjh rjg ?kk;y gks tkrs FksA
Qly&dVkbZ dks ysdj vDlj [ksrksa esa gqTtr pyrh jgrh FkhA etnwjh nsus esa
T;knkrj rxk datwlh cjrrs FksA dkVus okyksa dh etcwjh FkhA tks Hkh feyrk]
FkksM+h&cgqr uk&uqdj ds ckn ysdj ?kj ykSV vkrsA ?kj vkdj dq<+rs jgrs ;k
rxkvksa dks dkslrs jgrsA ysfdu Hkw[k ds lkeus fojks/k ne rksM+ nsrk FkkA gj lky
Qly&dVkbZ dks ysdj eksgYys esa cSBdsa gksrhaA lksyg iwyh ij ,d iwyh esgurkuk
ysus dh dlesa [kkbZ tkrhaA ysfdu dVkbZ 'kq: gksrs gh cSBdksa ds reke QSlys]
dlesa gok gks tkrs FksA bDdhl iwyh ij ,d iwyh etwjh feyrh FkhA ,d iwyh esa
,d fdyks ls Hkh de xsgw¡ fudyrs FksA Hkkjh ls Hkkjh iwyh esa ,d fdyks xsgw¡ ugha
fudyrk FkkA ;kuh fnu Hkj dh etnwjh ,d fdyks xsgw¡ ls Hkh de] dVkbZ ds ckn
cSyxkM+h ;k >ksVk cqXxh ¼HkSalk cqXxh½ esa ynkbZ] mrjkbZ vyxA mldk dksbZ iSlk ;k
vukt ugha feyrk FkkA nsj&lcsj [kfygkuksa esa cSy gk¡dus dh csxkj lHkh dks djuh
iM+rh FkhA mu fnuksa xsgw¡ lQkbZ ds ^Øs'kj* ugha gqvk djrs FksA cSyksa dks xksykbZ esa
?kqek ?kqekdj xsg¡w ds ikS/kksa dks Hkwls dh 'kDy esa cnyk tkrk FkkA fQj Hkwls ls xsgw¡
Nkt ls gok esa mM+kdj vyx fd, tkrs FksA ;g ,d dkQh yack vkSj Fkdk nsus
okyk dke Fkk] ftls vf/kdrj pekj ;k pwgM+s gh djrs FksA
esjh ek¡ bu lc esgur&etnwfj;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk vkB&nl rxkvksa ¼fganw&eqlyeku½
ds ?kj rFkk ?ksj ¼enks± dk cSBd[kkuk rFkk eosf'k;ksa dks ck¡/kus dh txg½ esa
lkQ&lQkbZ dk dke djrh FkhA bl dke esa esjh cgu] cM+h HkkHkh rFkk tlchj
vkSj tuslj ¼nks HkkbZ½ ek¡ dk gkFk c¡Vkrs FksA cM+k HkkbZ lq[kchj rxkvksa ds ;gk¡
okf"kZd&ukSdj dh rjg dke djrk FkkA
çR;sd rxk ds ?ksj esa nl ls iaæg eos'kh ¼xk;] HkSal vkSj cSy½ lkekU; ckr FkhA
mudk xkscj mBkdj xk¡o ls ckgj dqjfM+;ksa ij ;k miys cukus dh txg Mkyuk
iM+rk FkkA çR;sd ?ksj ls jkst ik¡p&Ng Vksdjs xkscj fudyrk FkkA lnhZ ds eghuksa
esa ;g dke cgqr d"Vnk;d gksrk FkkA xk;] HkSal vkSj cSyksa dks lnhZ ls cpkus ds
fy, cM+s&cM+s nkykuksa esa ck¡/kk tkrk Fkk] ftuesa xUus dh lw[kh ikrh ;k Qwl fcNk
gksrk FkkA jkr Hkj tkuojksa dk xkscj vkSj ew= iwjs nkyku esa QSy tkrk FkkA
nl&iaæg fnuksa esa ,d ckj ikrh cnyh tkrh Fkh ;k mlds Åij lw[kh ikrh fcNk
139
nh tkrh FkhA brus fnuksa esa nkykuksa esa Hkjh nqxaZ/k ls xkscj&<w¡<d
+ s fudkyuk cgqr
rdyhQnsg gksrk Fkk] nqxZ/a k ls flj fHkUuk tkrk FkkA
bu lc dkeksa ds cnys feyrk Fkk nks tkuoj ihNs Qly ds le; ik¡p lsj vukt
;kuh yxHkx <kbZ fdyks vuktA nl eos'kh okys ?kj ls lky Hkj esa 25 lsj
¼yxHkx 12&13½fdyks vukt nksigj dks çR;sd ?kj ls ,d cph&[kqph jksVh] tks
[kkl rkSj ij pwgM+ksa dks nsus ds fy, vkVs esa Hkwlh feykdj cukbZ tkrh FkhA
dHkh&dHkh twBu Hkh Hkaxu dh Vksdjh esa Mky nh tkrh FkhA
'kknh C;kg ds ekSdksa ij] tc esgeku ;k ckjkrh [kkuk [kk jgs gksrs Fks rks pwgM+s
njoktksa ds cM+s&cM+s Vksdjs ysdj cSBs jgrs FksA ckjkr ds [kkuk [kk pqdus ij twBh
iÙkysa mu Vksdjks esa Mky nh tkrh Fkha] ftUgsa ?kj ys tkdj os twBu bdëh dj ysrs
FksA iwjh ds cps&[kqps VqdM+s] ,d vk/kk feBkbZ dk VqdM+k ;k FkksM+h&cgqr lCth
iÙky ij ikdj ckNsa f[ky tkrh FkhaA twBu pV[kkjs ysdj [kkbZ tkrh FkhA ftl
ckjkr dh iÙkyksa ls twBu de mrjrh Fkh dgk tkrk Fkk fd HkqD[kM+ ¼Hkw[ks½ yksx vk
x, gSa ckjkr esa ftUgsa dHkh [kkus dks dqN ugha feykA lkjk pV dj x,A vDlj
,sls ekSdksa ij cM+s&cw<+s ,slh ckjkrksa dk ftØ cgqr gh jksekapd ygts esa lquk;k
djrs Fks fd ml ckjkr ls bruh twBu vkbZ Fkh fd eghuksa rd [kkrs jgs FksA
iÙkyksa ls tks iwfj;ksa ds VqdM+s ,d= gksrs Fks mUgsa /kwi esa lq[kk fy;k tkrk FkkA
pkjikbZ ij dksbZ diM+k Mkydj mUgsa QSyk fn;k tkrk FkkA vDlj eq>s igjs esa
cSBk;k tkrk FkkA D;ksafd lw[kus okyh iwfj;ksa ij dOos] eqfxZ;k¡] dqÙks vDlj VwV iM+rs
FksA tjk&lh vk¡[k cph fd iwfj;k¡ lkQ] blfy, MaMk ysdj pkjikbZ ds ikl cSBuk
iM+rk FkkA
;s lw[kh iwfj;k¡ cjlkr ds dfBu fnuksa esa cgqr dke vkrh FkhaA bUgsa ikuh esa
fHkxksdj mcky fy;k tkrk FkkA mcyh gqbZ iwfj;ksa ij ckjhd fepZ vkSj ued
Mkydj [kkus esa etk vkrk FkkA dHkh&dHkh xqM+ Mkydj yqxnh tSlk cu tkrk Fkk]
ftls lHkh cgqr pko ls [kkrs FksA
vkt tc eSa bu lc ckrksa ds ckjs esa lksprk gw¡ rks eu ds Hkhrj dk¡Vs mxus yxrs
gSa] dSlk thou Fkk\
fnu&Hkj ej&[kidj Hkh gekjs ilhus dh dher ek= twBu] fQj Hkh fdlh dks dksbZ
f'kdk;r ughaA dksbZ 'kfeaZnxh ugha] dksbZ i'pkrki ughaA
tc eSa NksVk Fkk] ek¡ ds lkFk tkrk FkkA ek¡&firkth dk gkFk c¡VkusA rxkvksa
¼R;kfx;ksa½ ds [kkus dks ns[kdj vDlj lkspk djrk Fkk fd gesa ,slk [kkuk D;ksa ugha
feyrk\ vkt tc lksprk gw¡ rks th ferykus yxrk gSA
vHkh fiNys o"kZ esjs fuokl ij lq[knso R;kxh dk iksrk lqjsaæ vk;k Fkk] fdlh
baVjO;w ds flyflys esaA xk¡o ls esjk irk ysdj vk;k FkkA jkr esa #dkA
esjh iRuh us mls ;FkklaHko vPNk [kkuk f[kyk;kA [kkuk [kkrs&[kkrs og cksyk] ^HkkHkh
th] vkids gkFk dk [kkuk rks cgqr tk;dsnkj gSA gekjs ?kj esa rks dksbZ Hkh ,slk
[kkuk ugha cuk ldrk gSA^
140
mldh ckr lqudj esjh iRuh rks [kq'k gqbZ] ^ysfdu eSa dkQh nsj rd fopfyr jgkA
cpiu dh ?kVuk,¡ Le`fr dk njoktk [kV[kVkus yxhaA
lqjæsa rc iSnk Hkh ugha gqvk FkkA mldh cM+h cqvk ;kuh lq[knso flag R;kxh dh
yM+dh dh 'kknh FkhA muds ;gk¡ esjh ek¡ lQkbZ djrh FkhA 'kknh ls nl&ckjg fnu
igys ls ek¡ firkth us lq[knso flag R;kxh ds ?kj&vk¡xu ls ysdj ckgj rd ds
vusd dke fd, FksA csVh dh 'kknh dk eryc xk¡o&Hkj dh bTtr dk loky FkkA
dgha dksbZ deh u jg tk,A xk¡o Hkj ls pkjikb;k¡ <ks&<ksdj tuokls esa bdëh dh
Fkha firkth usA
ckjkr [kkuk [kk jgh FkhA ek¡ Vksdjk fy, njokts ls ckgj cSBh FkhA eSa vkSj esjh
NksVh cgu ek;k ek¡ ls fleVs cSBs FksA bl mEehn esa fd Hkhrj ls tks feBkbZ vkSj
idokuksa dh egd vk jgh gS] og gesa Hkh [kkus dks feysxhA
tc lc yksx [kkuk [kkdj pys x, rks esjh ek¡ us lq[knso flag R;kxh dks nkyku
ls ckgj vkrs ns[kdj dgk] ^pkS/kjh th] bZc rks lc [kk.kk [kk ds pys x,----Egkjs
tkdrksa ¼cPpksa½ dw Hkh ,d iÙky ij /kj ds dqN ns nksA oks ch rks bl fnu dk
bartkj dj js rsA^
lq[knso flag us twBh iÙkyksa ls Hkjs Vksdjs dh rjQ b'kkjk djds dgk] ^Vksdjk Hkj
rks twBu ys tk jgh gS-----Åij ls tkdrksa ds fy, [kk.kk ek¡x jh gS\ vi.kh vkSdkr
esa jg pwgM+hA mBk Vksdjk njokts ls vkSj pyrh cuA^
lq[knso flag R;kxh ds os 'kCn esjs lhus esa pkdw dh rjg mrj x, Fks] tks vkt Hkh
viuh tyu ls eq>s >qylk jgs gSaA
ml jkst esjh ek¡ dh vk¡[kksa esa nqxkZ mrj vkbZ FkhA ek¡ dk oSlk :i eSaus igyh ckj
ns[kk FkkA ek¡ us Vksdjk ogha fc[ksj fn;k FkkA lq[knso flag ls dgk Fkk] ^bls Bkds
vius ?kj esa /kj ysA dy rM+ds ckjkfr;ksa dks uk'rs esa f[kyk ns.kk-----A^
ge nksuksa HkkbZ&cguksa dk gkFk idM+ ds rhj dh rjg mBdj py nh FkhA lq[knso
flag ek¡ ij gkFk mBkus ds fy, >iVk Fkk] ysfdu esjh ek¡ us 'ksjuh dh rjg lkeuk
fd;k FkkA fcuk MjsA
mlds ckn ek¡ dHkh muds njokts ij ugha xbZ vkSj twBu dk flyflyk Hkh ml
?kVuk ds lkFk can gks x;k FkkA
ogh lq[knso flag esjs fuokl ij ,d ckj vk;k FkkA esjh iRuh us xk¡o&nsgkr ds
cqtqxZ ds ukrs mudk vknj&lRdkj fd;k FkkA mlus esjs ?kj [kkuk Hkh [kk;k FkkA
ysfdu tc og pyk x;k rks esjs Hkrhts lat; [kSjoky] tks ch-,l-lh- dk Nk= gS]
us crk;k fd pkpk th] mUgksaus flQZ vkids ?kj [kk;k gS] gekjs ?kj rks ikuh Hkh ugha
fi;k FkkA
ifBr ewy ikB ds vk/kkj ij fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj nsa vkSj vius mÙkj dks
bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa ls feykdj tk¡p ysaA
141
5½ ^æks.kkpk;Z dh rfj;ksa ¼rjg½ xq#&nf{k.kk esa vaxwBk rks ugha ek¡xkA^ ;g dFku
fdldk gS\
d½ lsokjke elhgh dkA
[k½ dyhjke gsMekLVj dkA
x½ f'kdk;r lquus ds ckn xk¡o okyksa dkA
?k½ xzke&ç/kku lxok flag dkA ¼ ½
6½ gsMekLVj dyhjke dh xk¡o okyksa ls f'kdk;r djus ij ys[kd ds firk dks
D;k mÙkj feys\ fuEufyf[kr mÙkjksa esa ls ,d xyr gS] mls fufnZ"V djsa &
d½ lqjkt fey tkus ij mls ,slk djus dh fgEer dSls gqbZA
[k½ dkSok ch dch gal c.k ldsA
x½ rqe vui<+ xaokj yksx D;k tk.kks] ,sls fo|k gkfly uk gksrhA
?k½ pwgM+s ds tkdr dks >kMw yxkus dks dg fn;k rks dkS.k&lk tqye gks
x;k\ ¼ ½
7½ ^fnuHkj ej&[kidj Hkh gekjs ilhus dh dher ek= twBu] fQj Hkh fdlh dks
dksbZ f'kdk;r ughaA dksbZ 'kfeaZnxh ugha] dksbZ i'pkrki ughaA^ bl dFku }kjk
ys[kd us vius fdl Hkko dks O;ä fd;k gSA
d½ larks"k&Hkko dksA
[k½ lgu'khyrk dksA
x½ ?k`.kk vkSj vkØks'k dksA
?k½ mnkjrk dksA ¼ ½
8½ ifBr va'k ds vk/kkj ij fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k ds fjä LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ djsa &
firkth us esjs gkFk ls--------nwj Qsad nhA mudh vk¡[kksa esa vkx dh xehZ-------FkhA
ges'kk nwljksa ds lkeus------------cus jgus okys firkth dh yach&yach--------xqLls es-a ----
--FkhaA
vkRedFkk ds ,d NksVs vkSj vkjafHkd va'k dk vkius v/;;u fd;k gSA fiNyh
bdkb;ksa esa ftl rjg vkius dgkuh vkSj fuca/k ds lkj dk v/;;u fd;k gS] oSlk
;gk¡ ugha feysxkA ,d gksugkj O;fä ds ik¡poha d{kk rd dh ijh{kk ikl djus rd
dh gh ppkZ bl NksVs ls va'k esa gks ldh gSA ysfdu blds ek/;e ls Hkh dbZ
egRoi.kZ rF; js[kkafdr gq, gSaA lcls igys ys[kd us cjyk xk¡o ds okrkoj.k vkSj
mldh pkSgn~nh dk fp= çLrqr fd;k gS] tks laiw.kZ Hkkjrh; xk¡oksa dh fLFkfr dks
Li"V djrk gSA o.kZ O;oLFkk ij vk/kkfjr bl xzke&O;oLFkk esa Hkafx;ksa] pekjksa]
/kksfc;ksa] dqEgkjksa rFkk vusd vNwr tkfr ds yksxksa dks mPp le>h tkus okyh
tkfr;ksa ls vyx&Fkyx vkSj FkksM+h nwjh ij xanh cfLr;ksa esa vR;ar dBksj
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa thou fcrkus ds fy, foo'k fd;k tkrk gSA bldk ,d thrk
tkxrk vkSj ,d xyktr Hkjk fp= mifLFkr djus ds ckn ys[kd us viuh
142
çfrfØ;k O;ä djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd ^cl ;g Fkk og okrkoj.k ftlesa cpiu
chrkA bl ekgkSy esa ;fn o.kZ&O;oLFkk dks vkn'kZ&O;oLFkk dgus okyksa dks nks&pkj
fnu jguk iM+ tk, rks mudh jk; cny tk,xhA^ ¼i`-11½ ;g fVIi.kh ys[kd dh
thou&–f"V dks ladsfrr djrh gS] tks iwjh vkRedFkk esa LFkku&LFkku ij vR;ar
rhozrk vkSj vkØks'k ds lkFk O;ä gqbZ gSA
xk¡o dk iwjk [kkdk çLrqr djus ds ckn ys[kd us viuh tkfr ¼pwgM+k ;k Hkaxh½ ds
çfr Å¡ph tkfr] fo'ks"k dj R;kfx;ksa ds nqO;Zogkj dh Hkh ppkZ dh gSA csxkj]
xkyh&xykSt vkSj ?kksj çrkM+uk ds lkFk ^vks pwgM+s^] ^vcs pwgM+s^ tSls lacks/ku dk
ftØ djrs gq, ys[kd us crk;k gS fd mudh ftanxh dqÙks&fcYyh tSls tkuojksa ls
Hkh cnrj cuk nh xbZ FkhA pwgM+s dk Li'kZ Hkh iki le>k tkrk FkkA ml le; ns'k
dks vktknh feys vkB lky gks x, FksA loZ= xka/kh th ds vNwrks)kj dh çfr&/ofu
lqukbZ iM+rh FkhA dkuwuh rkSj ij ljdkjh Ldwyksa ds }kj vNwrksa ds fy, [kksy fn,
x, FksA ysfdu tulkekU; dh ekufldrk vHkh igys tSlh gh cuh gqbZ FkhA
blfy, Ldwy esa ços'k ikus dh dfBukbZ ds dkj.k ys[kd dks i<+us&fy[kus ds fy,
mlds firk us lsokjke elhgh dh 'kj.k esa HkstkA ogk¡ ls Hkh fdlh [kViV ds
dkj.k mls vyx gksuk iM+kA cM+h eqf'dy ls ljdkjh Ldwy esa mls nkf[kyk fey
ldkA ogk¡ v/;kidksa ls ysdj Å¡ph tkfr ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk mls ftl çdkj ls
çrkfM+r fd;k tkrk Fkk] mls ns[kdj jksaxVs [kM+s gks tkrs FksA gsMekLVj dyhjke
ys[kd dks i<+kbZ ls vyx dj Ldwy ds vanj vkSj ckgj dh lQkbZ dk Hkkj lkSai
nsrs FksA blls budkj djus ij mls Ldwy ls fudky fn;k tkrk gSA vius firk ds
çksRlkguiw.kZ lkgl ds lgkjs og lkjh ;krukvksa dks >sydj Hkh ik¡poha dh ijh{kk
ikl dj ysrk gSA
viuh f'k{kk&nh{kk dh vekuoh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds lkFk gh ys[kd us Qlyksa dh
dVkbZ&cqokbZ cM+h tkfr;ksa ds ?kjksa vkSj i'kq'kkykvksa dh lQkbZ ds cnys feyus okyh
vf/kd xkyh vkSj de etnwjh dks cM+s ekfeZd <ax ls n'kkZ;k gSA vkRedFkk ds
fu/kkZfjr va'k ds var esa ys[kd us twBu dh vekuoh; çFkk dk vR;ar ekfeZd
fp=.k fd;k gSA 'kknh&C;kg ds ekSdksa ij tc esgeku vkSj ckjkrh [kkuk [kk jgs
gksrs gSa rks pwgM+s njoktksa ds ckgj cM+&s cM+s Vksdjs ysdj cSBs jgrs gSaA [kkus dh
lekfIr ds ckn twBh iÙkysa muds Vksdjksa esa Mky nh tkrh gSa] ftUgsa ?kj ys tkdj
os twBu bdV~Bh djds dqN [kk ysrs gSa vkSj 'ks"k Hkfo"; ds fy, lq[kkdj lqjf{kr
j[k ysrs gSaA lq[knso flag dh yM+dh dh 'kknh ij twBu dh vkl esa gh ys[kd ds
ek¡&cki vkSj HkkbZ&cguksa us ,d i[kokM+s rd muds ;gk¡ jkr&fnu csxkjh dh FkhA
bldk ftØ djrs gq, ys[kd us fy[kk gS] ^ckjkr [kkuk [kk jgh FkhA ek¡ Vksdjk
fy, njokts ds ikl cSBh FkhA eSa vkSj esjh NksVh cgu ek;k ek¡ ls fleVs cSBs FksA
bl mEehn esa fd Hkhrj ls tks feBkbZ vkSj idokuksa dh egd vk jgh Fkh] og gesa
Hkh [kkus dks feysxhA^ Hkkstu dh lekfIr ds ckn tc pkS/kjh lq[knso flag fn[kkbZ
fn, rksA mldh ek¡ us dgk & pkS/kjh th ,d iÙky esa dqN Mkydj gekjs cPpksa dks
ns nksA os Hkh rks blh fnu dk bartkj dj jgs FksA blij pkS/kjh lq[knso flag us
Vksdjs dh vksj b'kkjk djds dgk fd ^Vksdjk Hkj twBu ys tk jgh gS---Åij ls
tkdrksa ¼cPpksa½ ds fy, [kk.kk ek¡x jh gS\ viuh vkSdkr esa jg pwgM+hA mBk Vksdjk--
---vkSj pyrh cuA* ek¡ us bl vieku dk çfrdkj djrs gq, Vksdjk ogha fc[ksj fn;k
vkSj lq[knso flag ls dgk fd mls mBkdj vius ?kj esa j[k yks vkSj lqcg ckjkfr;ksa
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dks uk'rs esa f[kyk nsukA ;g lqudj lq[knso flag ek¡ ij >iVk ysfdu 'ksjuh dh
rjg ek¡ us mldk lkeuk fd;kA bl ?kVuk ds ckn ys[kd ds ifjokj ls twBu dk
flyflyk lekIr gks x;kA oLrqr% bl ?kVuk ds dkj.k gh ys[kd us vkRedFkk dks
^twBu^ 'kh"kZd fn;k gS] tks bldh varoZLrq ds lkFk gh mlds çfrik| dks Hkh
js[kkafdr djrk gSA mPp vkSj lEekfur in ij ukSdjh çkIr djus ds iPphl&rhl
o"kZ ckn lq[knso flag vius iksrs dks ys[kd ds ?kj Hkstrk gS] fdlh baVjO;w ds
flyflys esa vkSj Lo;a mlds ?kj tkdj lEekuiwoZd Hkkstu djrk gSA bl çdkj
^twBu^ 'kh"kZd vkRedFkk dh lewph varoZLrq dk ladsr fu/kkZfjr va'k ls fey tkrk
gSA ysfdu bl vkRedFkk ds laiw.kZ egRo dks vki iwjh jpuk dks i<+us ds ckn gh
le> ldsaxsA vr% gekjk vkxzg gS fd vki ,d ckj ^twBu^ dks vo'; i<+saA
^twBu^ esa vkRedFkkdkj ds thou dh cgqr lkjh ?kVuk,¡] mlds fo|kFkhZ thou ls
ysdj ukSdjh is'ks esa jgrs gq, brus lkjs vuqHko gSa] ftUgsa tkus&cw>s fcuk nfyr
leL;k dh xaHkhjrk vkSj lkekftd egRo dks ugha le>k tk ldrkA ,slh dqN
?kVukvksa dk mYys[k vkids fy, mi;ksxh gks ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ik¡poha
ds ckn ds Ldwy&thou dh ,d ?kVuk dks fy;k tk ldrk gSA d{kk esa v/;kid
euks;ksxiwoZd æks.kkpk;Z dk ikB i<+k jgs FksA mudh xjhch dk ekfeZd fp=.k djrs
gq, mUgksaus æks.kkpk;Z }kjk vius iq= v'oRFkkek dks Hkw[k ls rM+irs gq, ns[k ikuh esa
vkVk ?kksy dj fiykus dh ?kVuk dk ftØ dj lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks d#.kkfHkHkwr dj
fn;kA blij fd'kksj ys[kd us ç'u fd;k fd ^v'oRFkkek dks nw/k dh txg vkVs
dk ?kksy fiyk;k x;k vkSj gesa pkoy dk ek¡MA fQj fdlh Hkh egkdkO; esa gekjk
ftØ D;ksa ugha vk;k\^ bl ç'u ls Øq) v/;kid us vius mÙkj esa mls eqxkZ
cukdj 'kh'ke dh NM+h ls çgkj djrs gq, dgk fd ^pwgM+s ds] rw æks.kkpk;Z ls
cjkcjh djs gS------ys rsjs Åij eSa egkdkO; fy[kw¡xk------^ mlus esjh ihB ij
lVkd&lVkd NM+h ls egkdkO; jax fn;k FkkA ;g egkdkO; vkt Hkh esjh ihB ij
vafdr gSA Hkw[k vkSj vlgk; thou ds {k.kksa esa lkearh lksp dk ;g egkdkO; esjh
ihB ij gh ugha] esjs efLr"d ds js'ks&js'ks ij vafdr gSA^ ¼i`-34&35½
vius fo|kFkhZ thou esa gh ys[kd dk vEcsMdj lkfgR; ls ifjp; gqvkA blds ckn
xka/kh th ds vNwrks)kj vkSj mudh mnkjrk ds çfr Hkh mlesa lansg tkx`r gqvkA
bldh ppkZ djrs gq, mlus fy[kk gS] xka/kh th us Þgfjtuß uke nsdj vNwrksa dks
jk"Vªh; /kkjk ls ugha tksM+k] cfYd fganqvksa dks vYila[;d gksus ls cpk;kA muds
fgrksa dh j{kk dhA^ ¼i`-89½ egkjk"Vª ds vacjukFk vkSj pUæiqj esa vius Vªsfuax vkSj
lsokdky esa vkseçdk'k okYehfd ds ejkBh nfyr lkfgR; vkSj mlds egRoiw.kZ
jpukdkjksa ls ifjp; us mUgsa ubZ psruk çnku dh blds cht muds nsgjknwu ds
d‚yst thou esa gh vadqfjr gks pqds FksA blh dk ifj.kke ^twBu^ 'kh"kZd mudh
vkRedFkk gSA viuh dgkfu;ksa] dforkvksa] vkykspukRed fVIif.k;ksa ds ek/;e ls os
nfyr lkfgR; dks fganh lkfgR; dh eq[; /kkjk esa lEekutud LFkku fnykus ds
fy, fujarj dk;Zjr gSaA bl lanHkZ esa gh mudh vkRedFkk dh varoZLrq vkSj mlds
çfrik| dk lgh <ax ls ewY;kadu fd;k tk ldrk gSA
144
vkius bl vkRedFkk ds ewy ikB vkSj lkj dks i<+dj ;g le> fy;k gksxk fd
bldh varoZLrq ij dgkuh vkSj fuca/k dh rjg fopkj rFkk Hkko&i{k dks
vyx&vyx djds foosfpr&fo'ysf"kr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA O;fäxr vuqHkwfr;ksa
dh xgurk vkSj thoarrk us muds fopkjksa dks iwjh rjg vius vuq'kklu esa cka/k dj
j[kk gSA bl –f"V ls ns[kk tk, rks vkRedFkkdkj ds vius thou dh ihM+k] ;kruk
vkSj ix&ix ij mifLFkr gksus okys fojks/k Hkko vkfn nfyr thou dh ;a=.kk&eqfä
ds mís'; ls ifjpkfyr gSaA vr% ;g vkRedFkk Lo;a dh O;Fkk&dFkk cu tkrh gSA
bl vkRedFkk esa vkjaHk ls var rd ys[kd us Lo;a ds ek/;e ls nfyr thou dh
vlgk;rk] foo'krk vkSj gj rjg ds vR;kpkjksa ds lkFk lo.kksaZ ;k Å¡ph tkfr;ksa
}kjk Loh—r o.kZ&O;oLFkk] czkã.k opZLo] lkekftd jktuhfrd O;oLFkk] lkearh
ekufldrk vkfn ds çfr foæksg Hkkouk ds :i esa viuh rhoz ekufld çfrfØ;k
O;ä dh gSA blfy, vkRedFkk dh varoZLrq vlekurkewyd tkfr ij vk/kkfjr
Hkkjrh; lekt&jpuk dh ,d xaHkhj leL;k vFkkZr~ nfyr thou dh =klnh ekuh
tk ldrh gSA
oSpkfjd –f"V ls ns[ksa rks bl vkRedFkk esa ys[kd dk lkekftd fparu Hkh
LFkku&LFkku ij mtkxj gqvk gSA ysfdu fparuxr fu"d"kZ ds vk/kkj mlds
thoukuqHko gh cus gSaA fparu ds fy, fparu vFkkZr~ eqä fparu esa mldk fo'okl
ugha gSA mlus [kqydj vNwr vkSj nfyr thou dh =qfV;ksa dks Hkh mtkxj fd;k
gSA Hkwr&çsr] nsoh&nsork] >kM+&Qwad] Hkxr&vks>k] Vksuk&VksVdk esa mldk fo'okl]
deZ&Qy vkSj HkkX; ds çfr mldh vkLFkk vkfn mlds thou ds vfHk'kki dks vkSj
rh[kk cukrh gSaA blds fy, ys[kd us vf'k{kk vkSj :f<+okfnrk dks dkj.k vo';
crk;k gS] ysfdu f'kf{kr vkSj lEiUu gksus ds ckotwn vNwrksa }kjk vius tkfrlwpd
^ljuse* dks fNikus ds ihNs ds ekufld }a} dks n'kkZrk gS] rFkk vyxko ds Mj]
tkfroknh ekufldrk ds dkj.k vnfyrksa }kjk nfyrksa ds fd, tkus okys frjLdkj
vkSj gs; –f"V ls cpus dk ;g ,d ç;kl Hkh gSA tkfr çFkk ls tw>us ds fy,
lekurkewyd lekt dh vko';drk dks ys[kd us f'kír ls eglwl fd;k gSA
lkekftd cnyko ls gh bl leL;k dk lek/kku gksus dh laHkkouk vkSj ;gh nfyr
thou ds m)kj dk ,deso ekxZ gks ldrk gSA ys[kd dks nfyr eqfä dk tks ekxZ
vfHkçsr gS ogh nfyr thou esa O;kIr Hk;kud 'kks"k.k vkSj mRihM+u dks nwj djus dk
,dek= lgh dne gSA Å¡ph tkfr;ksa ds Lrj rd igq¡pus dh gksM+ dk Hkh mlus
[kqydj fp=.k fd;k gSA blls yxrk gS fd ek= f'k{kk vkSj vkfFkZd Lrj esa lq/kkj
ds ek/;e ls gh nfyr thou dk m)kj og laHko ugha ekurkA ys[kd us leL;k
dk tks Hk;kog :i mtkxj fd;k gS og dbZ Lrjksa ij] dbZ dks.kksa ls blls eqfä
ikus ds fy, çsfjr djrk gSA
vkRedFkk jpukdkj ds pfj= dk ,d çkekf.kd nLrkost gksrh gSA ysfdu blds

fy, ,d vko';d 'krZ gS fd jpukdkj vius ckjs esa fy[krs gq, iwjh bZekunkjh dk
ifjp; nsA bln`f"V ls tgk¡ rd vkseçdk'k okYehfd dk ç'u gS bUgksaus çk;% iwjh
bZekunkjh dk ifjp; fn;k gSA cpiu] fd'kksjkoLFkk ds fo|kFkhZ thou ls ysdj 145
ukSdjhis'kk esa dk;Zjr gksus rd ds vius lkjs vuqHkoksa vkSj thou&;kiu laca/kh
?kVukvksa] çlaxksa] fo"ke fLFkfr;ksa viuh vk'kkvksa&vkdka{kkvksa ij dgha Hkh bUgksaus inkZ
ugha Mkyk gSA budh detksfj;k¡] {kerk,¡&v{kerk,¡ bl vkRedFkk esa bZekunkjh ls
O;ä gqbZ gSaA
vusd fo"ke vkSj fojks/kh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ckotwn ys[kd us dHkh fgEer ugha NksM+hA
thou dh nkSM+ esa ,d lQy O;fä cuus ds ckn Hkh mlus viuh bulkfu;r dks
dk;e j[kk vkSj bulkuh ljksdkjksa ds çfr lefiZr jgk gSA ,d lkfgR;dkj gh ugha
oju~ ,d lkaL—frd&lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ ds :i esa Hkh vkseçdk'k okYehfd us
viuh lfØ;rk dk ifjp; fn;k gSA tkrh; fo"kerk ls xzLr Hkkjrh; lekt esa tks
,d ijks{k ;k çR;{k la?k"kZ dh fLFkfr gS] mls oxZ&la?k"kZ dgsa ;k tkrh; la?k"kZ]
mlesa bUgksaus [kqydj fgLlk fy;k gSA bl mRdV la?k"kZ dh Hkkouk dk cht muds
xk¡o ds vkjafHkd thou esa iM+ x;k FkkA vius fo"kerkxzLr xzkeh.k ekgkSy dk fp=
mifLFkr djus ds ckn mUgksaus fu"d"kZ fn;k gS] ^vLi`';rk dk ,slk ekgkSy fd
dqÙks&fcYyh] xk;&HkSal dks Nwuk cqjk ugha Fkk ysfdu ;fn pwgM+s dk Li'kZ gks tk,
rks iki yx tkrk FkkA lkekftd Lrj ij bulkuh ntkZ ugha FkkA os ¼pwgM+s½ t:jr
dh oLrq FksA dke iwjk gksrs gh mi;ksx [kReA bLrseky djks] nwj QsadksA^ bl
m)j.k esa fpf=r fLFkfr Lok/khurk ds ckn 1955&56 bZ- dh gS] ysfdu çfrfØ;k
1995&96 dh gSA D;k pkyhl o"kksaZ esa blesa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gqvk\ ;g ,d ç'u
gS] ftlij fopkj djuk ys[kd dh bZekunkjh vkSj mlds pfj= dk ewY;kadu djus
ds fy, vko';d gSA tc ,d yacs le; ds ckn pkS/kjh lq[knso flag dk iksrk
lqjsaæ ys[kd ds ?kj tkdj jkr dks Bgjrk gS vkSj mldh iRuh ds gkFkksa cus gq,
Hkkstu dh rkjhQ djrs gq, [kkuk [kkrk gS rFkk Lo;a pkS/kjh dk ys[kd ds ?kj
tkdj Hkkstu djuk bl ckr dk ladsr djrk gS fd vLi`';rk dk ca/ku 35&40
o"kksaZ esa dkQh f'kfFky iM+k gSA bl ifjorZu dks ys[kd us viuh jpuk esa dgha Hkh
egRo ds lkFk js[kkafdr ugha fd;k gSA vr% dgha&dgha mldk Øks/k ;k vkØks'k
bZ";kZ dk :i Hkh ysrs gq, fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
mi;qZä rF; ds ckotwn vkt Hkh Hkkjrh; lekt esa vNwr vkSj nfyr dh
viekutud fLFkfr ls budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA bl fiNM+s gq, leqnk; ds
çfr ys[kd dh vlhe lgkuqHkwfr mlds mnkj pfj= dks gekjs lkeus çLrqr djrh
gSA mlls çsj.kk xzg.k dj ge bl nfyr leL;k ds çfr lfØ; ugha rks
de&ls&de viuk ckSf)d vkSj HkkoukRed leFkZu nsus ds fy, foo'k gks tkrs gSaA
bl vkRedFkk esa bls ys[kdh; pfj= dh lkFkZdrk ekuh tk ldrh gSA
fiNyh bdkbZ esa egknsoh th ds fuca/k ^thus dh dyk^ dk ifjos'kxr v/;;u djrs
gq, geus bl rF; dks foLrkj ls ns[kk gS fd jpuk ds ewY;kadu ds fy, ifjos'k
dh tkudkjh dkQh egRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA ;fn ge 1930&35 ds Hkkjrh; lkekftd
ifjos'k dks utjvankt dj nsa rks vkt ds lanHkZ esa egknsoh th dh ukjh leL;k
fo"k;d ekU;rk,¡ dkQh vfrjaftr yx ldrh gSaA bl rF; dks ge dfork] dgkuh]
miU;kl] ukVd vkfn jpukRed fo/kkvksa ds lkFk vkykspuk ij Hkh leku :i ls
ykxw gksrs gq, ns[krs gSaA vkRedFkk tSlh iw.kZr% vkRefu"B fo/kk ds fy, rks rn~;qxhu
146
lkekftd ifjos'k dh tkudkjh vkSj vf/kd egRoiw.kZ cu tkrh gSA Hkkjrh;
lekt&O;oLFkk o.kZ&O;oLFkk ls fo—r :i /kkj.k dj /khjs&/khjs tkfr&O;oLFkk esa
ifjofrZr gks xbZA vkjaHk esa ;g is'ksoj tkfr&O;oLFkk xzkekfJr lekt&O;oLFkk dh
Bksl vk/kkjf'kyk cuhA czkã.k] {kf=;] oS'; rFkk vU; is'ksoj tkfr;k¡ & yksgkj]
c<+bZ] dgkj] ukbZ] cjbZ ¼racksyh½ vkfn vis{kk—r de uhph le>h tkus okyh
tkfr;k¡ xk¡o esa ,d lkFk jgrh FkhaA ;s lHkh tkfr;k¡ ,d&nwljs ij fuHkZj Fkha] fdlh
,d ds fcuk nwljs dk dke pyuk laHko ugha FkkA blds lkFk gh Mkse] /kjdkj]
Hkaxh] pekj] pkaMky vkfn vusd vNwr dk leqnk; Hkh Fkk] tks xzkekfJr O;oLFkk dk
vfoHkkT; vax FkkA ysfdu bUgsa ewy xk¡o ls dqN nwjh ij vyx cLrh esa jgus ds
fy, etcwj fd;k x;k FkkA tkfr&O;oLFkk ds fof/k&fu"ks/kksa dk dM+kbZ ls ikyu
djuk nfyrksa ds fy, vfuok;Z cuk fn;k x;k FkkA bl O;oLFkk }kjk LFkkfir
ekU;rkvksa ds fojks/k ;k vfrØe.k ij nfyrksa dks e`R;qn.M rd dh lt+k izk;% nh
tkrh jgh gSA lo.kZ ,oa mPp tkfr;ksa ds yksxksa dks ;g Lohdkj ugha fd vNwr vkSj
nfyr tkfr;ksa ds yksx muds chp fuokl djsaA muds fuokl&LFky dks çk;% cLrh
ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA xka/kh th us bUgsa ^gfjtu^ uke fn;k Fkk] ysfdu nfyrksa
}kjk ^gfjtu^ 'kCn dk fojks/k fd;k x;k D;ksafd ;g 'kCn nfyrksa dks gfj ds tu
dgdj vf/kd ?k`f.kr fLFkfr esa igqapk nsrk gSA voS/k larku ;k tu ds lanHkZ esa bl
'kCn dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA vr% bldk nfyrksa }kjk fojks/k gksuk LokHkkfod gh
FkkA
xzkeh.k lo.kZ leqnk; }kjk cLrh dh vNwr tkfr;ksa ij fueZe vR;kpkj ,d dBksj
lPpkbZ cu xbZ Fkh] tks vkt Hkh fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa tkjh gSA lo.kksaZ }kjk bUgsa
i'kq ls Hkh cnrj ftanxh thus ds fy, foo'k fd;k tkrk jgk gSA vkfFkZd vf/kdkj
ls ysdj bUgsa lHkh izdkj ds lkekftd] /kkfeZd vkSj lkaL—frd vf/kdkjksa ls oafpr
j[kk x;kA fganw /keZ ds vusd xzaFkksa] Le`fr;ksa] lafgrkvksa dh jpuk bl vekuoh;
O;oLFkk dks mfpr Bgjkus ds fy, dh xbZ FkhA ,slh vNwr vkSj nfyr tkfr;ksa dh
lcls cM+h foMEcuk ;g Fkh fd bUgsa Hkh fganw eku fy;k x;k FkkA lo.kksaZ ds
vR;kpkj vkSj >wBs fganwiu ls eqfä ikus ds fy, bu tkfr;ksa us dHkh&dHkh vkSj
dgha&dgha ij lkewfgd :i ls LosPNkiwoZd bLyke] bZlkbZ] ckS) vkfn /keksaZ dks
Lohdkj fd;kA /kekaZrj.k dh bl ço`fÙk dks jksdus ds fy, cgqr lkjs fganw vkanksyu
Hkh pysA ysfdu fganw /keZ dh vlekurk vkSj vU;k; iw.kZ O;oLFkk dks cnyus dk
dksbZ bZekunkj ç;kl ugha fd;k x;kA blds lkFk gh /kekZUrj.k ls Hkh nfyrksa dks
vU;k; vkSj 'kks"k.k ls eqfä ugha fey ldhA D;ksafd tkfr&O;oLFkk ij vk/kkfjr
xzke O;oLFkk us bUgsa iqu% 'kwæksa dh dksfV esa gh Mkydj xk¡o dh lhek ls ckgj j[kk
vkSj vius 'kks"k.k ds flyflys dks Hkh cjdjkj j[kkA
^twBu* vkRedFkk ds ys[kd vkseçdk'k okYehfd Hkh ,d ,slh gh 'kwæ ;k nfyr
tkfr ¼Hkaxh½ ls lac/k j[krs gSa] ftls 'kwæksa esa Hkh vfr 'kwæ ;k nfyrksa esa vfr&nfyr
ekuk tkrk jgk gSA Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds e/;dky esa Hkfä vkanksyu ds ek/;e ls
nfyr tkfr;ksa ds çfrfuf/k dchj us fganw o.kZ&O;oLFkk vkSj eqfLye Lrj Hksn ds
fy, nksuksa leqnk;ksa dks f/kDdkjrs&yydkjrs gq, fy[kk &
^tks rw ckeu ckefu tk;kA vku ckV ºoS D;ksa ufga vk;kA^
^tks rw rq#d rqjduh tk;kA vanj [kruk D;ksa u djk;kA^
147
e/;dky esa lar ukenso] jSnkl] l/kuk] lsuk ukbZ] jTtc] xjhcnkl] nknw tSls ç[kj
dfo;ksa&laL—frdfeZ;ksa dh ,d iwjh tekr fuxqZ.k Hkfä/kkjk ds :i esa çokfgr gqbZ
Fkh] ftldh rh[kh /kkj dks dqf.Br dj fganw O;oLFkk us vius esa lekfgr dj fy;kA
ysfdu vkt ds oSKkfud ;qx vkSj yksdrkaf=d O;oLFkk esa lkfgR; vkSj laL—fr ds
{ks= esa lfØ; nfyr vkanksyu dh /kkj dks dqfa Br djuk cgqr dfBu gSA fQj Hkh
bls vlaHko ugha dgk tk ldrkA bl O;kolkf;drk ds ;qx esa lo.kZ ekufldrk
ds lÙkk/kkjh leqnk; esa yksHk&ykHk ds cgqr lkjs gFkd.Ms gSa] ftuls nfyr oxZ ds
çfrfuf/k laL—fr dkfeZ;ksa dks i;kZIr lko/kku jgus dh t:jr gSA ifjos'kxr bl
ncko ds dkj.k gh vfrfjDr lko/kkuh ds ç;kl esa vkseçdk'k okYehfd viuh
vkRedFkk esa dgha&dgha vf/kd dVq gksdj vius ekuoh; deZ dk gh laiknu djrs
gSa] vius O;fäxr LokFkZ ds fy, mldk nq#i;ksx ugha djrsA bl vkRedFkk esa
O;ä rh[kh çfrfØ;kvksa dks vkidks bl vk'k; ds çdk'k esa gh ns[kuk pkfg,A
cks/k ç'u
bdkbZ esa fn, x, ewy ikB] mlds lkj] pfj=&fo'ys"k.k] mldh varoZLrq vkSj
mlds ifjos'k dk v/;;u djus ds ckn vki vkRedFkk ls lEc) cgqr ls ç'uksa ds
mÙkj ns ldrs gSaA ;gk¡ dqN ç'u fn, tk jgs gSa] ftuds mÙkj dks"Bdksa esa mfpr
la[;k ds funsZ'k }kjk nsa vkSj bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa ls feykdj tk¡p ysaA
9½ ^twBu* 'kh"kZd vkRedFkk esa ys[kd us fdl lkekftd leL;k dks lcls
egRoiw.kZ ekuk gS\
d½ f'k{kk dh leL;k dksA
[k½ vLi`';rk dh leL;k dksA
x½ ngst dh leL;k dksA
?k½ xjhch vkSj csjkstxkjh dh leL;k dksA ¼ ½
10½ ys[kd us vius tkrh; –f"Vdks.k }kjk fdl rF; dks vf/kd egRoiw.kZ ekuk gS\
d½ leUo; dh Hkkouk dksA
[k½ vNwrksa ds çfr lgkuqHkwfr dksA
x½ mnkjrk dksA
?k½ vius O;kogkfjd ykHk dksA ¼ ½
11½ lo.kksaZ ds mRihM+u ls cpus ds fy, nfyr vkSj vNwr tkfr;ksa us dkSu&lk
jkLrk viuk;k\
d½ lkewfgd çfrdkj dkA
[k½ lkewfgd /kekaZrj.k dkA
x½ vuqu;&fou; dkA
?k½ ç'kklu dh lgk;rk dkA ¼ ½
148
vH;kl
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj nsa vkSj vius mÙkjksa dks bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa
ls feykdj tk¡p ysaA
1½ vEcsMdj lkfgR; dks i<+us ds ckn ys[kd us egkRek xka/kh ds vNwrks)kj ds
lanHkZ esa viuh D;k çfrfØ;k O;ä dh gSA mÙkj rhu iafä;ksa esa nsa vkSj mls
bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa ls feykdj tk¡p ysaA
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2½ bl vkRedFkk dh varoZLrq dh eq[; fo'ks"krkvksa dks Ng iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsaA
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3½ bdkbZ esa fn, x, pfj=&fo'ys"k.k ds vk/kkj ij ys[kd ds pfj= dh ewyHkwr
fo'ks"krkvksa dks Ng iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsAa
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lkfgR; dh ,d fo/kk ds :i esa vkRedFkk ds lajpuk&f'kYi dk dykRed gksuk

,d vfuok;Z 'krZ gSA ysfdu bl dykRedrk dh dksbZ ,d fuf'pr dlkSVh ugha gSA
bls vki gfj'kadj ijlkbZ vkSj egknsoh ds fuca/kksa ds lajpuk&f'kYi ds varj dks
ns[kdj vPNh rjg le> x, gksaxsA ;gk¡ ge ,d nfyr ys[kd dh vkRedFkk ds
lajpuk&f'kYi ij fopkj djus tk jgs gSaA vkRedFkk esa lkfgfR;d dykRedrk
ftruh vko';d gS] mlls dgha vf/kd vko';d mldh çkekf.kdrk gS] tks ikBd
dks vius lghiu dh çrhfr Hkh djk,A bl rF; dks /;ku esa j[kdj ge bl
vkRedFkk dh Hkk"kk 'kSyh ij vyx&vyx fopkj dj lajpuk&f'kYi dh fo'ks"krkvksa
dks vklkuh ls le> ldrs gSaA
149
vkRedFkk dh Hkk"kk esa Hkh os lkjh fo'ks"krk,¡ vk tkrh gSa] tks dgkuh] miU;kl]
ukVd] fuca/k vkfn fo/kkvksa ds fy, fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ gSaA ifjos'k vkSj okrkoj.k]
ik=kuqdwyrk] Hkkokuqdwyrk] fo"k;kuqdwyrk] ik=ksa ds laokn vkfn ,sls rRo gSa] tks
vkRedFkk esa Hkh mis{k.kh; ugha gSaA ;g vkRedFkkdkj ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd og
Hkk"kk ds fdl Lo:i dk dc vkSj dSls bLrseky djsA ;g Hkh laHko gS fd
vkRedFkk ys[kd viuh fuf'pr vkSj Lrjh; ifjfuf"Br Hkk"kk dk gh 'kq: ls var
rd ç;ksx djsA ysfdu vkseçdk'k okYehfd us Hkk"kk ds laca/k esa okrkoj.k] ifjos'k
vkSj ik=kuqdwyrk ds lkFk gh viuh fuf'pr Hkk"kk ds Hkh dq'ky ç;ksx dk ifjp;
fn;k gSA
vius xkao ds okrkoj.k ds fp=.k esa okYehfd us ?ksj ¼iq#"kksa dh cSBd vkSj
i'kq'kkyk½] rxk ¼R;kxh tkfr½] pwgM+k ¼Hkaxh½] cxM+ ¼cLrh½] tksgM+h ¼ckoM+h½ vkfn BsB
LFkkuh; cksyh ds 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA vius cpiu ls ysdj Ldwyh thou ds
fp=.k esa mUgksaus fofHkUu ik=ksa ds laoknksa dh Hkk"kk dks Hkh T;ksa&dk&R;ksa vkapfyd
ygts esa çLrqr fd;k gSA xk¡o ds R;kfx;ksa dh çfrfØ;k O;ä djus ds fy,]
R;kfx;ksa dh lkearh ekufldrk ds fp=.k esa ys[kd us muds dFkuksa dks
T;ksa&dk&R;ksa çLrqr fd;k gSA ^dkSok ch ¼Hkh½ dch ¼dHkh½ gal c.k lds]^ ^vjs! pwgM+s
ds tkdr ¼cPpk] csVk½ dw ¼dks½ >kMw yxk.ks dw dg fn;k rks dks.k lk tqYe gks
x;k!^ blls xzkeh.k ifjos'k vkSj vfHktkr ekufldrk & nksuksa dk leqfpr
çHkkokadu gqvk gSA bl rjg ds dbZ çlaxksa esa ys[kd us cksyh ds LFkkuh; :i dk
vfody ç;ksx dj fLFkfr dks thoar cuk;k gSA lq[knso flag R;kxh vkSj viuh ek¡
ds chp gksus okyh uksad&>ksad dks ys[kd us bl çdkj çLrqr fd;k gS & ^pkS/kjh
th] bZc ¼vc½ rks lc [kk.kk [kkds pys x,---Egkjs ¼gekjs½ tkdrksa ¼cPpksa½ dw Hkh ,d
iÙky ij /kj ds dqN ns nksA oks ch rks bl fnu dk bartkj dj js rs ¼dj jgs Fks½A^
bl ij pkS/kjh dh Øwjrk Hkjh ok.kh gS] ^Vksdjk Hkj rks twBu ys tk jh gS-------ÅIij
ls tkdrksa ds fy, [kk.kk ek¡x jh gS\ viuh vkSdkr esa jg pwgM+hA^ ;g lqudj
Vksdjk fc[ksjrs gq, ek¡ dk tokc gS] ^bls Bkds ¼mBkdj½ vius ?kj esa /kj ysA dy
rM+ds cjkfr;ksa dks ukLrs esa f[kyk ns.kkA^ Hkk"kk ds ,sls ç;ksxksa }kjk ys[kd us ;FkkFkZ
dks vf/kd çkekf.kd cukus ds dkS'ky dk ifjp; fn;k gSA
laoknksa esa LFkkuh; jaxr ds lekos'k ds lkFk gh ys[kd us vNwr tkfr;ksa ds
:f<+oknh laLdkjksa] nok&nk: vkSj mfpr mipkj dh txg chekjh esa çsr&ck/kk ds
<ksax dks mtkxj djus ds fy, >kM+&Qwad] Vksus&VksVds] rkcht] HkHkwr dh fujFkZdrk
dks fl) djrs gq, muls lEc) ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k gSA Hkxr]
iqPNk] ikSu] vksijk ¼Hkwr dh yisV½] cknh nsork vkfn 'kCn vkSj buls lEc)
ekU;rk,¡ vNwrksa esa gh vf/kd çpfyr Fkha] tks vNwrksa ds thou dks vkSj ihNs ?klhV
jgh FkhaA
vkRedFkk esa vU; lkekU; çlaxksa ds o.kZu&fooj.k] foospu&fo'ys"k.k esa ys[kd us
fganh dh Lrjh; Hkk"kk ds ekU; 'kCnksa dk gh ç;ksx fd;k gSA lc feykdj bl
vkRedFkk dh Hkk"kk çlaxkuqdwy] vfHkO;fä ds fy, l{ke vkSj çHkkokadu ds fy,
vR;ar mi;qä gSA
150
vkRedFkk dh vis{kkvksa ds vuqdwy ^twBu^ dh 'kSyh o.kZukRed gh gSA LFkku&LFkku
ij fLFkfr;ksa vkSj ?kVukvksa dk fooj.k nsrs gq, vkRedFkk dh 'kSyh esa fp=kRedrk
Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA xaHkhj fLFkfr;ksa ds o.kZu ds ckn ys[kd dks dgha&dgha ,d
rdZlaxr fu"d"kZ ij igq¡pus ds fy, foospu&fo'ys"k.k dk Hkh lgkjk ysuk iM+rk gSA
ysfdu blls o.kZukRed 'kSyh esa fdlh çdkj dk xq.kkRed varj ugha vkus ik;k gSA
vkseçdk'k okYehfd us viuh vkRedFkk dh o.kZukRed 'kSyh dks uhjl fooj.kksa ls
cpkus dk ges'kk /;ku j[kk gSA blds fy, mUgksaus LFkku&LFkku ij laoknksa dh
;kstuk djds mls thoar vkSj ljl cukus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA vkRedFkk ds
vkjafHkd va'k dh Hkk"kk ij fopkj djrs gq, laoknksa dh ;kstuk ls vkus okyh
thoarrk ij geus i;kZIr ppkZ dj yh gSA ;gk¡ vkxs vkus okys dqN laoknksa dh bl
–f"V ls ppkZ mfpr tku iM+rh gSA egkjk"Vª ds pUæiqj esa jgrs gq, ,d czkã.k
dqyd.khZ ifjokj dh yM+dh lfork okYehfd dks czkã.k le>dj çse djus yxh
FkhA ;gk¡ ys[kd vkSj mlds chp dh okrkZ vkRedFkk esa dgkuh dh ljlrk dk
lapkj djrh gS &
ys[kd & esjs ckjs esa rqEgkjh D;k jk; gS\
lfork & vkbZ] ckck rqEgkjh rkjhQ djrs gSa-------rqEgsa vPNk ekurs gSaA
ys[kd & eSaus rqEgkjh jk; iwNh FkhA
lfork & vPNs yxrs gksA ¼mlus esjh ck¡g ij vius 'kjhj dk Hkkj Mky fn;k
Fkk½
ys[kd & vPNk] ;fn eSa ,l-lh- ¼lsMîwy dkLV½ gw¡----rks Hkh-----\
lfork & rqe ,l-lh- dSls gks ldrs gks\
ys[kd & D;ksa\ ;fn gqvk rks\
lfork & rqe czkã.k gks\
ys[kd & ;g rqels fdlus dgk\
lfork & ckck usA
ys[kd & xyr dgk-----eSa ,l-lh- gw¡A eSaus mÙkj çns'k ds pwgM+k ifjokj esa
tUe fy;k gSA
lfork & rqe >wB cksy jgs ysA
ys[kd & ugha] lfo-----;g lp gS----tks rqEgsa tku ysuk pkfg,A
bl okLrfodrk dks tkudkj ôg jksus yxhA esjk ,l-lh- gksuk tSls dksbZ vijk/k
FkkA og dkQh nsj lqcdrh jghA gekjs chp vpkud Qklyk c<+ x;k FkkA gtkjksa
lky dh uQjr gekjs fny esa Hkj xbZ FkhA ,d >wB dks geus laL—fr eku fy;k
FkkA^ ;gk¡ m)`r laokn vkSj bl çdkj dh fVIi.kh ls vkRedFkk dh 'kSyh dks jkspd]
thoar vkSj xaHkhj cukus dk ç;kl fd;k x;k gSA
,d dq'ky dgkuhdkj vkSj dfo gksus ds ukrs vkseçdk'k okYehfd us dbZ çdkj ls
viuh o.kZu&'kSyh dks jkspd vkSj xaHkhj cuk;k gSA o.kZuksa ds chp txg&txg ij
151
f'k{kdksa dh Hkwfedk] ikBîØeksa dh fujFkZdrk] o.kZ&O;oLFkk dh Øwjrk] rFkkdfFkr
lekt&lq/kkjdksa vkSj lÙkk gfFk;kus ds pDdj esa iM+s usrkvksa ds gFkd.Mksa ij dh
xbZ ys[kd dh fVIif.k;k¡ mldh fo'ys"k.k&{kerk dks Hkh js[kkafdr djrh gSaA nfyr
tkfr ds rhoz vglkl dh ihM+k mls çk;% Hkkoqd cuk nsrh gSaA tkfr&O;oLFkk dh
fo—fr;ksa vkSj /keZ'kkL=ksa }kjk mudh iqf"V ls f[kUu ys[kd dk vkØks'k o.kZukRed
'kSyh dh lhek dk mYya?ku dj HkkokRedrk esa ços'k dj tkrk gSA blds fy, ,d
mnkgj.k i;kZIr gksxk &
^rjg&rjg ds feFkd jps x, & ohjrk ds] vkn'kksaZ ds] dqy feykdj D;k ifj.kke
fudys\ ijkt;] fujk'kk] fu/kZurk] vKkurk] ladh.kZrk] dwieaMwdrk] /kkfeZd tM+rk]
iqjksfgrokn ds paxqy esa Q¡lk] deZdkaM esa my>k lekt] tks VqdM+ksa esa c¡Vdj dHkh
;wukfu;ksa ls gkjk] dHkh 'kdksa lsA dHkh gw.kksa ls] dHkh vQxkuksa ls] dHkh eqxyksa]
Ýkalhfl;ksa vkSj vaxjst+ksa ls gkjk] fQj Hkh viuh ohjrk vkSj egkurk ds uke ij
detksj vkSj vlgk;ksa dks ihVrs jgsA ?kj tykrs jgsA vkSjrksa dks viekfur dj
mudh bTtr ls [ksyrs jgsA vkRe'yk?kk esa Mwcdj lPpkbZ ls eq¡g eksM+ ysuk]
bfrgkl ls lcd u ysuk] vkf[kj fdl jk"Vª ds fuekZ.k dh dYiuk gSA^ vkØks'k
vkSj Hkkokos'k ds uke ij mi;qZä m)j.k esa O;ä lPpkbZ ls budkj ugha fd;k tk
ldrkA bl rjg dh HkkokRed 'kSyh ds ek/;e ls okYehfd us vius ikBdksa dks
tkfr&ik¡r vkSj Nqvk&Nwr ds eqíksa ij xaHkhjrk ls lkspus ds fy, foo'k fd;k gSA
viuh o.kZukRed 'kSyh esa bl çdkj dh HkkoksÙkstd fof/k dk ç;ksx dj mUgksaus
viuh 'kSyh dks dykRed gh ugha çHkkoksRiknd Hkh cuk;k gSA vr% dykRedrk vkSj
çHkkoksRikndrk & nksuksa gh –f"V;ksa ls bl vkRedFkk dh 'kSyh lkFkZd vkSj lQy
ekuh tk ldrh gSA
vkius fiNyh bdkb;ksa esa dgkuh vkSj fuca/k ds v/;;u esa muds 'kh"kZdksa ds egRo
dks vPNh rjg le> fy;k gSA ,d lkfgR;&fo/kk ds :i esa vkRedFkk ds fy, Hkh
'kh"kZd dk pquko vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA bl bdkbZ esa Hkh geus varoZLrq vkSj lkj
dk v/;;u djrs gq, bl jpuk ds 'kh"kZd ds egRo dh vksj ladsr fd;k gSA vkxs
vkRedFkk ds çfrik| ij fopkj djrs gq, Hkh blds 'kh"kZd ds egRo dks js[kkafdr
fd;k tk,xkA
bl jpuk ds fy, ^twBu^ 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk ij fopkj djus ds iwoZ Hkkjrh;
lekt dh ,d vR;ar vekuoh; çFkk dk laf{kIr ifjp; vkids fy, mi;ksxh
gksxkA yxHkx iwjs Hkkjr esa ;g çFkk jgh gS fd lo.kZ ,oa lEiUu ifjokjksa }kjk
vk;ksftr mRloksa] 'kknh fookg] e`R;q&Hkkst vkfn ds voljksa ij vkeaf=r yksxksa ds
[kkus ds ckn mudh Fkkyh ;k iÙkyksa ij cph gqbZ twBu dks vNwrksa dks muds }kjk
fd, x, dke ds esgurkus ds :i esa fn;k tkrk jgk gSA muds fy, 'kknh&fookg
dk egRo bl ^twBu^ ¼twBs vUu½ dh ek=k ij fuHkZj djrk FkkA eghuksa vkSj
dHkh&dHkh thou&i;ZUr csxkj dk muds fy, ;g rksgQk eku fy;k x;k FkkA
bldk ftØ cM+s foLrkj ls ys[kd us vkRedFkk esa fd;k gS] ^'kknh C;kg ds ekSdksa
ij tc esgeku ;k ckjkrh [kkuk [kk jgs gksrs Fks rks pwgM+s njoktksa ds ckgj cM+s&cM+s
Vksdjs ysdj cSBs jgrs FksA ckjkr ds [kkuk [kk pqdus ij twBh iÙkysa mu Vksdjksa esa
152
Mky nh tkrh Fkha] ftUgsa ?kj ys tkdj os twBu bdëh dj ysrs FksA iwjh ds
cps&[kqps VqdM+s] ,d vk/kk feBkbZ dk VqdM+k ;k FkksM+h&cgqr lCth iÙky ij ikdj
ckNsa f[ky tkrh FkhaA twBu pV[kkjs ysdj [kkbZ tkrh FkhA ftl ckjkr dh iÙkyksa
ls twBu de mrjrh Fkh dgk tkrk Fkk fd HkqD[kM+ ¼Hkw[ks½ yksx vk x, gSa ckjkr esa]
ftUgsa dHkh [kkus dks dqN ugha feykA lkjk pV dj x,A vDlj ,sls ekSdksa ij
cM+s&cw<+s ,slh ckjkrksa dk ftØ cgqr gh jksekapd ygts esa lquk;k djrs Fks fd ml
ckjkr ls bruh twBu vkbZ Fkh fd eghuksa rd [kkrs jgs FksA^ twBu dks lq[kkdj
fdl çdkj lqjf{kr fd;k tkrk Fkk vkSj mls xk<+s le; esa fdl rjg fHkxksdj
mckyk tkrk Fkk & pV[kkjs ysdj [kk;k tkrk Fkk] bldk Hkh o.kZu ys[kd us fd;k
gSA twBu ,d= djus ds çlax esa ys[kd dh ek¡ vkSj pkS/kjh lq[knso flag R;kxh ds
chp gqbZ uksad&>ksad ds ckn mlds ifjokj ls twBu dk flyflyk [kRe gks x;k
FkkA
oSls ns[kk tk, rks ;gh vk/kkj gS] ftlls vkRedFkk dk 'kh"kZd ^twBu^ j[kk x;k gSA
ysfdu iwjh vkRedFkk dks i<+us ds ckn yxsxk fd ;g 'kh"kZd vR;ar O;kid vkSj
lkadsfrd Hkh gSA ;g 'kh"kZd bl rF; dks Hkh ladsfrr djrk gS fd 'kwæ leqnk;
lo.kksaZ ds fy, twBu ds leku Fkk] fganw lekt dh ryNV Fkk] ftls dwM+k le>k
tkrk FkkA csxkj mudk /keZ eku fy;k x;k Fkk vkSj xkyh&xykSt ls ysdj ?kksj
çrkM+uk rd dks mudk vf/kdkjA
mudk uke ysdj iqdkjus dh t:jr ugha le>h tkrh Fkh] ftldk ftØ djrs gq,
ys[kd us fy[kk gS] ^mez esa cM+k gks rks^ ^vks pwgM+s( cjkcj ;k mez esa NksVk gks rks
^vcs pgM+s ds^ ;gh rjhdk Fkk lEcks/ku dkA vLi`';rk dk ,slk ekgkSy fd
dqÙks&fcYyh] xk; cSy dks Nwuk cqjk ugha Fkk ysfdu tc pwgM+s dk Li'kZ gks tk, rks
iki yxrk FkkA lkekftd Lrj ij bulkuh ntkZ ugha FkkA os flQZ t:jr dh
oLrq FksA dke iwjk gksrs gh mi;ksx [kReA bLrseky djks] nwj QsadksA^ oLrqr% ;s lkjs
rF; twBu 'kh"kZd }kjk ladsfrr gq, gSaA twBu ds çfr lekt dh ;g ekufldrk
ys[kd dks vkRedFkk ds var rd >syuh iM+rh gSA vr% ^twBu* 'kh"kZd bl
vkRedFkk ds fy, vR;ar mi;qä vkSj lkFkZd gSA ;g 'kh"kZd vkRedFkk ds çfrik|
dks Hkh vR;ar dykRed <ax ls ladsfrr djrk gSA blds lkFk gh ;g nfyr
leqnk; dh vfLerk ;k mldh igpku ds ladV dks Hkh js[kkafdr djrk gSA
dfork] dgkuh] miU;kl] fuca/k vkfn dh rjg vkRedFkk dk Hkh ,d fuf'pr

mn~n's ; gksrk gSA ;g mn~ns'; gh mldk çfrik| ekuk x;k gSA ;g ckr viuh
txg lgh gS fd bl jpuk esa ys[kd dh viuh dFkk gS] tks Lo;a mldh gh dye
ls fyfic) gqbZ gSA ysfdu bls ys[kd ds thou dk jkstukepk ek= ugha dgk tk
ldrkA vius iwjs thou ds foLrkj esa ys[kd dks ftu fç;&vfç; fLFkfr;ksa dk
lkeuk djuk iM+k gS] ftu O;fä;ksa] ftu ?kVukvksa us mls çHkkfor fd;k gS] ftuds
ek/;e ls mldh –f"V dk fuekZ.k gqvk gS] os lHkh vkRedFkk esa vkbZ gSaA vius
thou&;kiu ds nkSjku gksus okys vuqHko] O;fäxr vkSj lkekftd fØ;k,¡] mldh
ewY;&–f"V dk fuekZ.k djrh gSaA ;gh og ewY; –f"V gS] ftlds vk/kkj ij og
viuk] vius tSls yksxksa dk vkSj iwjs lekt dk ewY;kadu djrk gSA ;g
153
ewY;kadu&–f"V pwafd iwjs lkekftd lanHkZ esa fodflr ;k vftZr gksrh gS] vr% bls
lkekftd –f"V Hkh dgk tk ldrk gSA bl lkekftd –f"V ds çdk'k esa gh og
viuh O;fDr fLFkfr vkSj lekt&fLFkfr dk fujh{k.k&ijh{k.k djrk gSA blds ckn
gh mldk futh thou vkRedFkk dk fo"k; cu ikrk gSA
bl lanHkZ esa fopkj djsa rks vki Li"V :i ls ns[ksaxs fd bl vkRedFkk esa ys[kd ds
thou esa mlds vNwr gksus ds lkekftd vfHk'kki dh ihM+k gh fo"k; cuh gSA
ysfdu ek= viuh futh ihM+k ls vfHkHkwr gksdj vkseçdk'k okYehfd us mls nwljksa
ds lkeus çdV djus ds mn~n's ; ls vkRedFkk dh jpuk ugha dh gSA ;fn vius
futh LokFkZ dh iwfrZ dks os egRo nsrs rks viuk ljuse gVkdj mls iwjk dj ldrs
Fks vkSj rc vkRedFkk fy[kus dh t:jr gh ugha iM+rhA bl vkRedFkk ds foLr`r
lkj vkSj mldh varoZLrq ds foospu&fo'ys"k.k ls vkidks blds mn~ns'; dk ladsr
vo'; fey x;k gksxkA mlds vk/kkj ij ;g vklkuh ls dgk tk ldrk gS fd
jpuk dk ewy vkSj çFke çfrik| Hkkjrh; lekt ds ,d dkQh cM+s leqnk; dh]
ftUgsa vNwr eku fy;k x;k gS] eqfä dk ç;kl gSA blds fy, ys[kd us viuh
vkRedFkk esa txg txg tkfr&ik¡fr ij vk/kkfjr lekt&O;oLFkk] mlds fy,
ftEesnkj o.kZ&O;oLFkk] vkfHktkR;oknh lkearh ekufldrk vkfn dk rhoz fojks/k
fd;k gSA bl çfØ;k esa mlus tkfr&O;oLFkk ds >wB] mldh —f=erk vkSj lo.kZ
leqnk; ds lpsr "kM;a= dk Hkh inkZQk'k fd;k gSA vius O;fäxr vuqHko ds na'k
ls ihfM+r gksdj mlus fy[kk gS] ^Hkkjrh; lekt esa ^tkfr^ ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVd gSA
^tkfr^ iSnk gksrs gh O;fä dh fu;fr r; dj nsrh gSA iSnk gksuk O;fä ds vf/kdkj
esa ugha gksrkA ;fn gksrk rks eSa Hkaxh ds ?kj iSnk D;ksa gksrk\ tks Lo;a dks bl ns'k
dh egku lkaL—frd /kjksgj dk vyecjnkj dgrs gSa D;k os viuh ethZ ls mu ?kjksa
esa iSnk gq, gS\a gk¡] bls tLVh&QkbZ djus ds fy, vusd /keZ'kkL=ksa dk lgkjk os
t:j ysrs gSaA os /keZ'kkL=] tks lerk] Lora=rk dh fgek;r ugha djrs] cfYd
lkearh ço`fÙk;ksa dks LFkkfir djrs gSaA^ blls Li"V gS fd tkfr O;oLFkk dh
vrkfdZdrk] mldh —f=erk gh ugha] mls iq"V djus okys /keZ'kkL=ksa dh fujFkZdrk
vkSj vçklafxdrk dks Hkh ys[kd us mn~?kkfVr fd;k gSA
vius ewy mn~n's ; ds çfriknu esa vkseçdk'k okYehfd us dsoy lo.kksaZ dh lkearh
ekufldrk ij gh pksV ugha dh gSA mUgksaus vNwrksa vkSj uhph tkfr;ksa esa çpfyr
vf'k{kktU; va/kfo'okl ij vk/kkfjr :f<+;ksa] dqlaLdkjksa] >kM+&Qwad] Vksuk&VksVdk]
Hkwr&çsr vkfn ls lac) ekU;rkvksa dh vkykspuk dj muesa O;kid tkx`fr dh
vfuok;Zrk dks Hkh js[kkafdr fd;k gSA ;g muds çfrik| dk ,d nwljk i{k gS] tks
vNwrks)kj ds ekxZ esa ck/kd gSA
bl –f"V ls ,d rhljs i{k dh vksj Hkh okYehfd dh –f"V xbZ gSA vNwr dgh tkus
okyh tkfr;ksa esa ,sls cgqr lkjs yksxksa dk mYys[k okYehfd us fd;k gS] tks
i<+&fy[kdj vPNh fLFkfr esa gks x, gSa vkSj viuh tkfr ij ijnk Mkyus dh
dksf'k'k djrs gSaA buesa muds dbZ fj'rsnkj] mudh Hkrhth] gelQj fe= vkSj
eksgunkl uSfe'kjk; tSls nfyr dfo ys[kd Hkh lfEefyr gSaA blls vkgr gksdj
mUgksaus fy[kk gS] ^nfyr vkanksyu ls tqM+s jpukdkjksa] cqf)thfo;ksa] dk;ZdrkZvksa dks
vius var}±}ksa ls yxkrkj tw>uk iM+ jgk gSA^ bldk vkSj vf/kd [kqyklk djrs gq,
mUgksaus fy[kk gS] ^bl ^ljuse^ ¼okYehfd½ ds dkj.k eq>s tks na'k feys gSa] mudks
154 c;ku djuk dfBu gSA ijk;ksa dh ckr rks NksfM+,] viuksa us tks ihM+k nh gS] og
vdFkuh; gSA ijk;ksa ls yM+uk ftruk vklku gS] viuksa ls yM+uk mruk gh nq"djA*
;g rF; Hkh vNwr vFkok nfyr thou dh leL;k dh xaHkhjrk dks gh js[kkafdr
djrk gS] ftlesa csVk Hkh vius cki dks igpkuus ls budkj dj ldrk gSA
bl çdkj ^twBu^ 'kh"kZd vkRedFkk nfyr vkSj vNwr le>h tkus okyh tkfr;ksa ds
,d izfrfuf/k jpukdkj dh vkRedFkk gS] ftlesa vNwrksa ds m)kj dh vko';drk
dks ,d xaHkhj lkekftd leL;k ds :i esa çfrikfnr djus dk ç;kl fd;k x;k
gSA
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds lgh mÙkj dks"Bdksa esa la[;k fufnZ"V djds nsa vkSj mUgsa bdkbZ
12½ xk¡o ds LFkkuh; okrkoj.k dks thoar vkSj vkn'kZ cukus ds fy, vkRedFkk esa
fdl çdkj ds 'kCnksa dk lgkjk fy;k x;k gS\
d½ rn~Hko 'kCnksa dkA
[k½ cksyh ds BsB 'kCnksa dkA
x½ ns'kt 'kCnksa dkA
?k½ rRle 'kCnksa dkA ¼ ½
13½ xzkeh.k ik=ksa ds laoknksa esa Hkk"kk ds fdl :i dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gS\
d½ rn~Hko&ç/kku :i dkA
[k½ LFkkuh; cksyh ds BsB :i dkA
x½ rRle ç/kku :i dkA
?k½ fefJr Hkk"kk dkA ¼ ½
14½ ^twBu^ 'kh"kZd vkRedFkk esa fdl 'kSyh dh ç/kkurk gS\
d½ HkkokRed 'kSyh dhA
[k½ o.kZukRed 'kSyh dhA
x½ foospukRed 'kSyh dhA
?k½ O;aX;kRed 'kSyh dhA ¼ ½
15½ vkRedFkk dk eq[; çfrik| D;k gS\
d½ vius thou esa Hkksxh xbZ ihM+k dk cks/k djkukA
[k½ xzkeh.k turk ds fiNM+siu dks fn[kkukA
x½ ns'k&O;kih vNwr leL;k dh xaHkhjrk ij çdk'k MkyukA
?k½ fofHkUu tkfr;ksa ds chp vkilh esy&tksy dh t:jr ij cy nsukA
¼ ½
155
vH;kl
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj fjä LFkkuksa esa nsa vkSj mUgsa bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x,
mÙkjksa ls feykdj tk¡p ysaA
4½ ^twBu^ dh Hkk"kk dh çeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dks ik¡p iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsaA
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5½ ^twBu^ dh o.kZukRed 'kSyh dks ys[kd us fdl çdkj dykRed vkSj
çHkkoksRiknd cuk;k gS\ ik¡p iafä;ksa esa mÙkj nsaA
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6½ ^twBu^ 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk dks pkj iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsaA
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7½ ^twBu^ ds çfrik| dks vkB iafä;ksa esa Li"V djsaA
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156
^twBu^ 'kh"kZd vkRedFkk ls lacaf/kr bl bdkbZ dk v/;;u vkius dj fy;k gksxkA
bl bdkbZ dks i<+us ds ckn vki fuEufyf[kr rF;ksa dks le>dj viuh Hkk"kk esa
fy[k ldrs gS-a
• ,d lkfgfR;d fo/kk ds :i esa vki bl fo/kk dh çeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dks
le>dj viuh Hkk"kk esa fy[k ldrs gSaA
• blesa vkRedFkk ds lkj vkSj mldh varoZLrq dk foospu&fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k
gSA bldks i<+us ds ckn vki vkRedFkkdkj ds thou ds ;krukiw.kZ çlaxksa ds
ek/;e ls nfyr thou dh okLrfod ihM+k dks le>dj viuh Hkk"kk esa O;ä
dj ldrs gSaA
• vkRedFkk esa O;ä ys[kd ds pfj= vkSj O;fäRo dh fo'ks"krkvksa ij çdk'k
Mky ldrs gSaA
• bl bdkbZ esa Lokra«;ksÙkj Hkkjrh; lkekftd ifjos'k ij fopkj djrs gq, tkfr
O;oLFkk ds :i esa ,d lkekftd vfHk'kki dks Hkh js[kkafdr fd;k x;k gSA
NqvkNwr dh Hkkouk ij vk/kkfjr bl vfHk'kki dh xaHkhjrk dk vki
foospu&fo'ys"k.k dj ldrs gSaA
• Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh dks vk/kkj cukdj vkRedFkk ds lajpuk&f'kYi ij Hkh blesa
fopkj fd;k x;k gSA bls i<+us ds ckn vki vkRedFkk ds lajpuk&f'kYi dh
fo'ks"krkvksa dks viuh Hkk"kk esa fy[k ldrs gSaA
• vkRedFkk dk 'kh"kZd ^twBu^ dbZ –f"V;ksa ls vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSA bls i<+us ds
ckn vki bl jpuk ds lanHkZ esa 'kh"kZd dh lkadsfrdrk] O;kidrk vkSj
lkFkZdrk ij vPNh rjg çdk'k Mky ldrs gSaA
• vkRedFkk ds :i esa ;g jpuk vkRedFkkdkj ds thou dk jkstukepk ek= u
gksdj ,d xaHkhj lkekftd y{; ls Hkh çsfjr gSA vr% bls i<+dj vki jpuk
ds ewy çfrik| dks vPNh rjg viuh Hkk"kk esa foosfpr&fo'ysf"kr dj ldrs
gSaA
rxk % R;kxh ¼tkfrlwpd½

?ksj % i'kq'kkyk vkSj iq#"kksa dh cSBd
tksgM+h % ckoM+h
pqgM+ksa % Hkaxh ¼Hkafx;ksa½
cxM+ % cLrh
Fkkjh % rqEgkjh
tkxh % tk,xh
tkrd % cPpk] csVk
dwch % dks Hkh
157
rqudfetkth % NksVh&lh ckr ij #"V gks tkuk
QfCr;k¡ % rkus] NhaVkd'kh
vfHktkR;rk % dqyhurk
otwn % vfLrRo
jk gS % jgk gS
'kf[l;r % O;fäRo
d % ds fy,
dch % dHkh
dw % dks
rfj;ksa % rjg
re % rqe
;ks % og
ftc % tc
Egkjs % esjs] gekjs
gqTtr % dgk&lquh] uksd&>ksad
cqXxh % xkM+h
Nkt % lwi
dqjfM;ksa % ?kwjksa] dwM+s ds <sjksa
tuoklk % ckjkr ds Bgjus dk LFkku
bZc % vc
dj js rs % dj jgs Fks
jh % jgh
Bkds % mBkdj
Jh jkt fd'kksj ¼lEiknd½ % gfjtu ls nfyr] ok.kh izdk'ku] fnYyh

jef.kdk xqIrk ¼lEiknd½ % nfyr psruk % lkfgR;] uoys[ku izdk'ku]gtkjhxk
M‚- t;çdk'k dnZe ¼lEiknd½ % nfyr lkfgR; % ¼okf"kZdh½]2001] vdknfedizfr{kk
izdk'ku] fnYyh
1½ x
2½ [k
3½ [k
158
4½ eqlyeku] rxk] R;kfx;ksa] fganqvksa
5½ x
6½ d
7½ x
8½ >kM+w Nhudj] mrj vkbZ] rhj&deku] ?kuh ewaNsa] QM+QM+kus yxha
9½ [k
10½ [k
11½ [k
12½ [k
13½ [k
14½ [k
15½ x
1½ vEcsMdj dks i<+ ysus ds ckn ys[kd dh ;g /kkj.kk cuh Fkh fd xka/kh th us
gfjtu uke nsdj vNwrksa dks jk"Vªh;/kkjk esa ugha tksM+k] cfYd fganqvksa dks
vYila[;d gksus ls cpk;kA vius bl dk;Z }kjk mUgksaus lo.kZ fganqvksa ds fgrksa
dh j{kk dhA
2½ ;g vkRedFkk ys[kd dh viuh O;Fkk&dFkk ek= u jgdj leLr Hkkjrh;
vNwr thou dh O;Fkk&dFkk Hkh cu tkrh gSA bl vkRedFkk esa ys[kd us
vkjaHk ls vUr rd Lo;a ds ek/;e ls nfyr thou dh vlgk;rk] foo'krk
vkSj vusd çdkj ds vR;kpkjksa ds lkFk lo.kksaZ ;k Å¡ph tkfr;ksa }kjk Loh—r
o.kZ&O;oLFkk] czkã.kokn jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ds lgkjs iyus okyh lkearh
ekufldrk ij viuk xgjk vkØks'k çdV fd;k gSA
3½ vkRedFkk esa vkseçdk'k okYehfd dk pfj= ,d lkglh] deZB] la?k"kZ'khy vkSj
bulkfu;r ls Hkjiwj O;fä ds :i esa mHkjk gSA vusd fo"ke vkSj fojks/kh
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh dHkh mUgksua s fgEer ugha NksM+hA thou dh nkSM+ esa ,d
lQy O;fä cu tkus ds ckn Hkh mUgksua s vius bulkuh ljksdkj dks dk;e
j[kkA ,d lkfgR;dkj gh ugha] oju~ ,d lkaL—frd&lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ ds
:i esa Hkh mUgksaus viuh la?k"kZ'khyrk dk ifjp; fn;k gSA mPp tkfr;ksa vkSj
fuEu tkfr;ksa ds chp py jgs ijks{k ;k çR;{k la?k"kZ esa mlus fuEu tkfr;ksa ds
i{k esa viuh la?k"kZ&{kerk dk iwjk ifjp; nsdj vius çfrc) O;fäRo dk
mn~?kkVu fd;k gSA
4½ ^twBu^ esa okrkoj.k] ifjos'k vkSj ik=kuqdwyrk dk iwjk /;ku j[krs gq, ys[kd
us vius o.kZuksa&fp=.kksa esa vf/kdka'kr% [kM+h cksyh x| ds Lrjh; :i dk ç;ksx
fd;k gSA vius xk¡o ds okrkoj.k dks ;FkkFkZ vkSj thoar cukus ds fy, mlus
rxk] cxM+] tksgM+h vkfn 'kCnksa ds ç;ksx ds lkFk gh xzkeh.k ik=ksa ds laoknksa
dh Hkk"kk esa xk¡o dh BsB ¼vkapfyd½ cksyh dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA
159
5½ ys[kd us ^twBu^ dh o.kZukRed 'kSyh dks uhjl fooj.kksa ls cpkus ds fy,
txg&txg laoknksa dh ;kstuk] xaHkhj çlaxksa esa foospu&fo'ys"k.k vkSj Hkkoiw.kZ
çlaxksa esa HkkokRed 'kSyh dk lgkjk fy;k gSA bu fof/k;ksa ls vkRedFkk dh
o.kZukRed 'kSyh esa dykRedrk vkSj çHkkokRedrk dk vR;ar dq'kyrk ls
lekos'k fd;k x;k gSA
6½ vkRedFkk esa ^twBu* 'kh"kZd ,d vekuoh; lkekftd pyu vkSj mlls tqM+h
gqbZ ,d ekfeZd ?kVuk ij vk/kkfjr gSA ysfdu bl çpyu vkSj ?kVuk ds lkFk
gh twBu 'kh"kZd vNwr leqnk; dh viuh vfLerk ds ladV dks Hkh js[kkafdr
djrk gSA vr% ;g vR;ar lkFkZd vkSj lkadsfrd Hkh gSA blls gkf'k;s ij Mkyh
x;h tkfr;ksa dk cks/k Hkh gksrk gSA
7½ ^twBu^ 'kh"kZd vkRedFkk dk ewy çfrik| Hkkjrh; lekt esa nfyr ;k vNwr
leqnk; ds mRihM+u vkSj blls eqfä dh vko';drk dks js[kkafdr djrk gSA
blds fy, tgk¡ ,d vksj ys[kd us czkã.koknh lkearh ekufldrk dk ?kksj
fojks/k fd;k gS] ogha vNwr leqnk; ds va/kfo'okl] mldh :f<+oknh vkSj
dqlaLdkjxzLrrk dh Hkh lgkuqHkwfriwoZd vkykspuk dh gSA ysfdu lc feykdj
vNwrksa vFkok nfyrksa ds fy, lkekftd lerk vkSj U;k; dh vfuok;Zrk gh
bl jpuk dk çeq[k çfrik| cuh gSA
160
6-0 mn~n's ;
6-1 çLrkouk
6-2 lwjnkl
6-2-1 dkO;&okpu
6-2-2 Hkko i{k
6-2-3 lajpuk f'kYi
6-2-4 çfrik|
6-2-5 lanHkZ lfgr O;k[;k
6-3 rqylhnkl -
6-3-1 dkO;&okpu ]
6-3-2 Hkko i{k
6-3-3 lajpuk f'kYi
6-3-4 çfrik|
6-4 eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr
6-4-1 dkO;&okpu
6-4-2 Hkko i{k
6-4-3 lajpuk f'kYi
6-4-4 çfrik|
6-5 lw;Zdkar f=ikBh ^fujkyk*
6-5-1 dkO;&okpu
6-5-2 Hkko i{k
6-5-3 lajpuk f'kYi
6-5-4 çfrik|
6-6 egknsoh oekZ
6-6-1 dkO;&okpu
6-6-2 Hkko i{k
6-6-3 lajpuk f'kYi
6-6-4 çfrik|
6-7 lkjka'k
161
6-8 mi;ksxh iqLrdsa
6-9 cks/k ç'uksa@vH;klksa ds mÙkj
bl bdkbZ esa vki dforkvksa dk v/;;u djsaxsA bl bdkbZ dks i<+us ds ckn vki %
• fganh dkO;&ijaijk dh eq[; ço`fÙk;ksa dks crk ldsax(s
• lwjnkl ,oa rqylhnkl ds dkO; ds vk/kkj ij Hkfä&dkO; dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crk
ldsax(s
• lwjnkl ,oa rqylhnkl dh dkO;xr fo'ks"krk,¡ crk ldsaxs(
• vk/kqfud dkO; dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crk ldsax(s
• eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr ds dkO; dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crk ldsax(s
• Nk;kokn dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ crk ldsaxs vkSj
• fujkyk ,oa egknsoh oekZ ds dkO; dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crk ldsaxsA
bl bdkbZ esa ge vkidks dqN dfork,¡ okpu ds fy, ns jgs gSaA lwjnkl]
rqylhnkl] eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr] lw;Zdkar f=ikBh ^fujkyk* vkSj egknsoh oekZ dh dqN
dforkvksa ds ek/;e ls vki fganh dh Hkfäijd vkSj vk/kqfud dforkvksa dk laf{kIr
ifjp; çkIr djsaxAs
dfork vkjaHk ls gh lkfgR; dh egRoiw.kZ fo/kk jgh gSA dfork ds ek/;e ls dfo
vius Hkkoksa vkSj fopkjksa dks O;ä djrk gSA dfork i|c) gksrh gS] ysfdu x| vkSj
i| fdl fcanq ij vyx&vyx gksrs gSa] ;g dguk eqf'dy gSA y; dks i| dk
ewy rRo ekuk tkrk gS fdarq y;c) gksus ls gh dksbZ jpuk dfork ugha gks tkrhA
fQj Hkh bruk rks dgk gh tk ldrk gS fd fdlh Hkh jpuk esa Hkkokosx] dYiuk vkSj
ykfyR; ¼lkSan;Z½ gks rks mls dfork dgk tk ldrk gSA
dfork dk fo"k; D;k gks] og Nanksc) gks ;k Naneqä gks] mldh Hkk"kk cksypky ds
utnhd gks ;k vkyadkfjd gks] bl ij dksbZ Hkh fu.kZ; nsuk vklku ugha gSA oLrqr%
dfork dh fo"k;&oLrq vkSj jpuk&fo/kku ml ;qx dh vko';drkvksa ls r; gksrs
gSaA nks fHkUu&fHkUu ;qxksa dh jpukvksa ds v/;;u ls vki le> ldsaxs fd dfork
dh fo"k;&oLrq gh ugha] mlds f'kYi vkSj Hkk"kk esa Hkh varj vk tkrk gSA vkxs ge
fganh dkO;&/kkjk ds dqN çfrfuf/k dfo;ksa dh jpukvksa dk v/;;u djsaxAs bl
v/;;u ls vki bl ;qx dh dkO;/kkjk dh fof'k"Vrk vkSj dfo;ksa ds jpukxr
oSf'k"Vî dks igpku ldsaxsA vki dforkvksa dh fo"k;&oLrq] Hkk"kk] Nan vkSj f'kYi
dh fo'ks"krkvksa ls Hkh ifjfpr gksaxAs
fganh dfork dk bfrgkl yxHkx ,d gtkj o"kZ iqjkuk gSA bl ,d gtkj o"kZ esa
162 fHkUu&fHkUu rjg dh dforkvksa ds dbZ nkSj vk,A tSls vkjaHk esa ohjrk] Ükàxkj] /keZ
vkfn fofHkUu Hkkoksa dks vk/kkj cukdj dkO; fy[kk x;kA bl vkjafHkd ;qx
¼1000&1350 bZ-½ dh dfork dks dksbZ fuf'pr uke nsuk laHko ugha gSA oSls bl ;qx
ds vkfndky] vkjafHkddky] ohjxkFkkdky vkfn vusd uke fn, x,A buesa
vkfndky uke gh vf/kd çpfyr gSA ckn esa Hkfäijd jpukvksa dk ;qx vk;kA
Hkfä dkO; ds ckn jktk egkjktkvksa dk eu cgykus okyk njckjh dkO; fy[kk
x;kA bl dkO; dh fo"k;&oLrq vf/kdka'k Ük`x a kj rd gh lhfer Fkh vkSj dkO; dh
cuh&cukbZ :f<+;ksa vkSj jhfr;ksa dk gh ikyu fd;k x;kA blfy, bls jhfr dkO;
¼1650&1850 bZ-½ dgk x;kA blds ckn vk/kqfud psruk vkSj thou&ewY;ksa ls ;qä
vk/kqfud dkO; dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA
HkfDr dkO; % tSlk fd vki tkurs gksaxs fd lwjnkl dk lac/a k Hkfä dkO; ls gSA
bZ'oj ds izfr çse dh vuqHkwfr dks Hkfä dgrs gSaA ysfdu laiw.kZ Hkfä dkO; ,d&lk
ugha gSA tks Hkä&dfo bZ'oj dks fuxqZ.k&fujkdkj ekurs Fks vkSj vorkjokn esa
fo'okl ugha j[krs Fks] os fuxqZ.kekxhZ Hkä dfo dgyk,A buesa Hkh ftUgksaus /kkfeZd
:f<+;ksa vkSj ik[kaM ij pksV dh] mUgsa KkuekxhZ dgk x;kA dchj bl /kkjk ds çeq[k
dfo FksA ftu dfo;ksa us ykSfdd çse&dFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls bZ'oj ds çfr çse dks
vfHkO;fä nh] mUgsa çseekxhZ dgk x;kA lwQh dfo efyd eksgEen tk;lh bl /kkjk
ds çeq[k dfo FksA tks dfo bZ'oj dks lxq.k vkSj lkdkj ekurs Fks vkSj tks ;g
ekurs Fks fd bZ'oj vorkj ysrk gS vkSj viuh yhykvksa }kjk yksd dk eaxy djrk
gS] os lxq.kekxhZ dgyk,A buesa —".k dh yhykvksa ij vk/kkfjr dkO; dh jpuk
djus okys ^—".kksikld* dfo dgyk, vkSj ftUgksaus jkedFkk ij vk/kkfjr dkO; dh
jpuk dh os ^jkeksikld^ dfo dgyk,A Ñ".kksikld dkO;&/kkjk ds çeq[k dfo
lwjnkl gSa vkSj jkeksikld dkO;&/kkjk ds çeq[k dfo rqylhnkl gSaA
thou&ifjp; % egkdfo lwjnkl dk tUe dc gqvk vkSj os dgk¡ iSnk gq,] vkt
fu'p;iwoZd ;g dguk eqf'dy gSA vkpk;Z jkepUæ 'kqDy ds vuqeku ds vuqlkj
lwjnkl dk tUe lu~ 1483 vkSj e`R;q lu~ 1563 ds vklikl gqbZ gksxhA lu~ 1523
ds vklikl os oYyHkkpk;Z ds f'k"; cusA
jpuk,¡ % lwjnkl dh fy[kh gqbZ dbZ —fr;ksa dk mYys[k fd;k tkrk gSA fdarq
mudh çkekf.kd —fr;k¡ nks gh dgh tkrh gSa & ^lwjlkxj^ vkSj ^lwjlkjkoyh^ A ,d
vU; iqLrd ^lkfgR; ygjh^ dk Hkh mYys[k feyrk gS] fdarq mldh çkekf.kdrk ij
lansg fd;k tkrk gSA
i`"BHkwfe % lwjnkl Hkfä vkanksyu ds nkSj ds dfo FksA ml dky esa ohjxkFkkRed
vkSj Ükàxkjijd jpukvksa dks egRo ugha fn;k tkrk FkkA bZ'ojh; Hkfä ls çsfjr
gksdj tks jpuk,¡ dh tkrh Fkha mUgsa gh Js;Ldj ekuk tkrk FkkA lwjnkl ij vkjaHk
esa nSU; Hkfä ¼bZ'oj ds çfr viuh nhurk O;ä djuk½ dk çHkko Fkk] fdarq egkçHkq
oYyHkkpk;Z ls çsfjr gksdj os —".k yhyk ds xk;u dh vksj mUeq[k gq,A
—".k&yhyk esa Hkh mudk >qdko cky&yhyk] fd'kksjo; ls lacaf/kr yhyk,¡] jk/kk ,oa
xksfidkvksa ds çfr muds çse ¼la;ksx vkSj fo;ksx½ dk o.kZu gh eq[; fo"k; jgk gSA
;gk¡ geus cky o.kZu] fou; vkSj fo;ksx ¼Hkzej xhr½ ls lacaf/kr rhu in fn, gSaA
vkxs vki bu inksa dk okpu djsaxAs ;s in cztHkk"kk esa gSaA blfy, bUgsa le>us esa 163
vkidks dfBukbZ vk ldrh gSA bldks /;ku esa j[krs gq, dfBu 'kCnksa ds vFkZ uhps
fn, x, gSaA
igyk in cky yhyk dk gSA lwjnkl us —".k dh cky yhykvksa dk
euksgkjh fp=.k fd;k gSA ?kqVuksa ds cy pyrs gq, —".k dh cky ps"Vk,¡] eD[ku
ysus ds fy, epyrs —".k] viuh ØhM+kvksa }kjk uan vkSj ;'kksnk dks fj>krs vkSj
iqyfdr djrs gq, Ñ".k bl çdkj ds inksa ds çeq[k fo"k; cus gSaA fuEufyf[kr in
esa Hkh —".k dk ,slk gh euksgkjh :i of.kZr gqvk gSA /kwy ls Hkjs] eq[k ij ngh dk
ysi fd, vkSj gkFkksa esa eD[ku ds fy, —".k ds bl :i ij lwjnkl Lo;a eksfgr
gSa&
lksfHkr dj fy,A
?kqVq#fu pyr ru&eafMr eq[k ysi fd,AA
diksy] ykspu] fryd fn,A
yV yVdfu eÙk xu eknd e/kqfga fi,AA
daB czt dsgfj #fp fg,A
/kU; lwj ,dks iy bfga lq[k] dk lr ft,AA
1½ rktk eD[ku 2½ /kwy 3½ ngh 4½ lqanj 5½ papy 6½ ihys jax dk ,d çdkj dk
lqxaf/kr inkFkZ tks xk; ds fiÙk ls fudyrk gS 7½ ekuks 8½ Hkzej 9½ cPpksa dks
iguk;h tkus okyh ekyk 10½ flag dk u[k 11½ lq'kksfHkr 12½ lkS dYi ¼iqjk.kksa esa
czãk ds ,d fnu dks O;ä djus okyk 'kCn½
lwjnkl vkjaHk esa nSU; Hkfä ds vuqdwy in jprs FksA nSU; Hkfä esa
dfo bZ'oj ds lkeus viuh nhurk izdV djrk gSA og vius dks ikih vkSj nhu
ekurk gS vkSj bZ'oj dks loZ'kfäeku rFkk —ikyqA og bZ'oj ls viuh eqfä ds
fy, çkFkZuk djrk gSA lwjlkxj ds bl igys in esa Hkh ;gh Hkko O;ä gqvk gSA
pju dey gfj A
—ik iaxq ya?kS] va/ks dks lc dNq njlkbZAA
cfgjkS lqus x¡wax iqfu cksyS pyS flj /kjkbZA
lwjnkl Lokeh d#uke; ckj&ckj cankSa AA
1½ ç.kke djuk½ 2½ jktk 3½ ftldh 4½ ioZr 5½ xjhc 6½ jktk dk N= 7½ muds
8½ iSj
lwjlkxj dk egRoiw.kZ va'k gS & HkzejxhrA m)o ds Kku ds vagdkj
dks rksM+us ds fy, —".k us mudks czt Hkstk Fkk] ;g dgdj fd os Kku }kjk jk/kk
vkSj xksfi;ksa dks fojg ls eqä djk,¡A fdarq xksfi;k¡ mins'k lquus dh ctk; m)o
dks e/kqdj dgdj] mlds Kku ds vgadkj dk etkd mM+krh gSaA
dkSu nsl dks
dfg leq>kb nS] lk¡p u gk¡lhAA
dks gS tud] dkSu gS tuuh] dkSu ] dks nklhA
dSlks Hksl gS dSlks] jl esa vfHkyklhAA
ikoSxksa iqfu fd;ks vkiuks tks js] dgSxks
164
lqur ekSu ºoS jáks BX;ks lks lwj lcS efr uklhAA
1 fuxqZ.k ¼fuxqZ.k&fujkdkj bZ'oj½ 2 fuoklh ¼jgus okyk½ 3 Hkaojk vkSj m)o 4
lkSxa/k 5 le>uk 6 L=h ¼iRuh½ 7 jax 8 fdl 9 xk¡l ;k diV dh ckr
lwjnkl dh dfork dks Hkko i{k dh –f"V ls eq[;r% rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkä fd;k tk
ldrk gS & ¼1½ nSU; Hkko] ¼2½ yhyk xk;u] ¼3½ Ükàxkj fp=.kA bu rhuksa ij
vyx&vyx fopkj djds vki lwjnkl ds Hkko&i{k dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks vPNh rjg
le> ldrs gSaA
fou; ds inksa esa lwjnkl us viuh nhurk vkSj bZ'oj dh egÙkk rFkk
mnkjrk dk o.kZu fd;k gSA pj.k dey cankS gfj jkbZ esa Hkxoku dh egÙkk dk iwjk
m)kVu gqvk gSA vius fou; ds inksa esa lwjnkl us çk;% ^gkSa gfj lc ifrru dks
uk;d^] ^çHkq eSa lc ifrru dks Vhdks^] ^vc ds ukFk eksfga ysgq m/kkfj^ vkfn tSls
nhurklwpd Hkkoksa ds lkFk Hkxoku dh ije n;kyqrk dk Hkko O;ä fd;k gSA bl
çdkj ds inksa esa dfo us ,d ije Hkä ds :i esa viuh eqfä dh ;kpuk dh gSA
vius vkjafHkd thou esa gh lwjnkl us nSU;HkfDr ls ifjiw.kZ inksa dh jpuk dh FkhA
egkçHkq oYyHkkpk;Z dh çsj.kk ls os l[; mikld cu x,A l[; Hkko dk vFkZ gS]
l[kk ;k fe= HkkoA bl Hkko ls lwjnkl us Ñ".k&yhyk dk foLrkj ls xk;u fd;k
gS] ftl ij ge vkxs fopkj djsaxsA
Ñ".k dh yhykvksa ds xk;u esa lwjnkl us Hkkxor iqjk.k dh dFkk
dks gh vk/kkj cuk;k gSA ysfdu bls Hkkxor dk vuqokn ugha dgk tk ldrkA
blesa dfo us viuh ekSfyd çfrHkk dk iw.kZ ifjp; fn;k gSA yhyk&xk;u dks Hkh
v/;;u dh lqfo/kk ds fy, rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr dj ldrs gSaA buesa igyk gS
—".k ds cky lkSan;Z vkSj mudh f'k'kq&ØhM+kvksa dk o.kZu] nwljk gS] fd'kksj —".k dk
uV[kViu vkSj rhljk gS] Xoky&cky vkSj xksfi;ksa ds lkFk uksad&>ksad vkSj
NsM+&NkM+ dk o.kZuA
—".k ds cky :i dk fp=.k djrs gq, lwjnkl us muds ikyus ¼>wys½ ls ysdj
vkaxu esa fopjus] ?kj dh nsgjh yka?kus rd dh ØhM+kvksa dk vR;ar fo'kn vkSj
foLr`r o.kZu fd;k gSA cky thou dh ftruh euksn'kk,¡ gks ldrh gSa] mldh
ftruh vkd"kZd fØ;k,¡ gks ldrh gSa] lcdk vR;ar lgt&LokHkkfod fp= çLrqr
djus esa lwjnkl dks vn~Hkqr lQyrk feyh gSA bu o.kZuksa dh ekfeZdrk dks ns[kdj
ckn ds dkO;'kkfL=;ksa us okRlY; dks ¼cPpksa ds çfr çse Hkko dks½ ,d u;k jl
Lohdkj fd;k gSA Ñ".k dh fd'kksjkoLFkk ds fp=.k esa lwjnkl us muds xk; pjkus]
Xoky&ckyksa ds lkFk [ksyus] muls >xM+us] ek¡ ;'kksnk ls mudh f'kdk;r djus ls
ysdj eD[ku] ngh vkfn dh pksjh dk vR;ar foLrkj ls o.kZu fd;k gSA blh Øe esa
jk/kk vkSj czt dh xksfi;ksa ds lkFk mudh rkd&>k¡d] uksd&>ksad vkSj rdjkj Hkh
vkjaHk gks tkrh gS] tks vkxs pydj çxk<+ çse esa cny tkrh gSA bu lcdk vR;ar
foLr`r fp=.k lwjnkl us vR;ar dkS'ky ds lkFk fd;k gSA
—".k vkSj xksfi;ksa ds chp xgu ifjp; vkxs pydj çse esa
ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA oLrqr% lwjnkl dk Ükàxkj fp=.k Hkh ,d çdkj ls —".k
165
yhyk dk gh ,d fof'k"V vax gSA blesa ;equk&Luku esa phjgj.k] oa'kh&oknu]
nku&yhyk] eku& yhyk] jkl&yhyk vkfn ds ek/;e ls —".k dk jk/kk vkSj xksfi;ksa
ds çfr çse dk fp=.k gqvk gSA ;g çse yksd&ykt vkSj ikfjokfjd e;kZnk dh
vogsyuk djrs gq, LoPNanrk dk ifjp; nsrk gSA blesa feyu ds vR;ar Li"V
okLrfod :iksa ds ckotwn dgha ek¡lyrk vkSj v'yhyrk dk Hkko ikBd esa ugha
vkus ikrk gSA vykSfdd çse ds :i esa bldks lwjnkl us ,d ubZ e;kZnk çnku dh
gSA
Ükàxkj ds la;ksx i{k ds fp=.k dh Hkk¡fr gh mlds fo;ksx i{k ds fp=.k esa Hkh
lwjnkl dks iwjh lQyrk feyh gSA blds fy, mUgksaus Hkzejxhj çlax dk vk;kstu
fd;k gS] tks fganh lkfgR; dh ,d fof'k"V miyfC/k ekuh gSA fo;ksx&o.kZu dh
–f"V ls ^Hkzejxhr* dh ekfeZdrk dk mn~?kkVu djrs gq, vkpk;Z jkepUæ 'kqDy us
fy[kk gS fd ^fo;ksx dh ftruh varnZ'kk,¡ gks ldrh gSa] ftrus <axksa ls mu n'kkvksa
dk lkfgR; esa o.kZu gqvk gS vkSj lkekU;r% gks ldrk gS] os lc lwjnkl ds dkO; esa
ekStwn gSaA* ¼f=os.kh] 59½ fo;ksx dh bl xaHkhjrk dk okLrfod dkj.k gS] ,d yEck
lkgp;ZtU; çseA ,d yEcs le; dh tku&igpku ls mRiUu çse ftl çdkj
la;ksx dky esa gj lhek dks rksM+ nsrk gS] mlh çdkj fo;ksx&dky esa çk.kkUrd Hkh
fl) gksrk gSA bl n'kk dks lwjnkl us vR;ar ekfeZd <ax ls fpf=r fd;k gSA
fo;ksx&o.kZu ds lkFk gh lwjnkl ds ^Hkzejxhr* dk ,d nwljk Hkh egRoiw.kZ i{k gSA
blds ek/;e ls lwjnkl us m)o dks fuxqZ.k KkuekxZ dk çfrfuf/k cukdj fuxqZ.k
dk [kaMu vkSj lxq.k dk e.Mu Hkh dq'kyrkiwoZd fd;k gSA xksfi;ksa ds ikl igq¡p
dj tc m)o Kku dk lans'k nsuk 'kq: djrs gSa rHkh ,d Hk¡ojk ogk¡ eaMjkrk gqvk
vkrk gSA xksfi;k¡ ml Hk¡ojs dks lacksf/kr dj m)o ij Vhdk&fVIi.kh djrh gSaA bl
çfØ;k esa os Kku dks fuxqZ.k vkSj fujk/kkj crkrs gq, vius fy, fujFkZd vkSj O;FkZ
fl) djrh gSaA xksfi;ksa ds ân; dk fu'Ny çse mudh xzkeh.k lgt ç—fr ds
lkFk feydj ,d rjQ xaHkhjrk dk ifjp; nsrk gS] rks nwljh rjQ vius pqVhys
O;aX; ds dkj.k gkL; vkSj fouksn dh l`f"V Hkh djrh gSA mudk lgt&ljy rdZ
gS fd ^yfjdkbZ dks çse dgkS vfy dSls NwVS* tks m)o dks fu#Ùkj dj muds
Kku&xoZ dks pwj dj nsrk gSA blls Li"V gS fd Hkzejxhr çlax dh ;kstuk ds
ek/;e ls lwjnkl us ,d vksj xksfi;ksa dh fojg&O;Fkk dk ekfeZd fp= çLrr fd;k
gS rks nwljh vksj dchj vkfn ds fuxqZ.k Kku ekxZ dk [k.Mu djrs gq, vius
lxq.kksikluk ds ekxZ dk vkSfpR; Hkh fl) fd;k gSA
mi;qZä foospu&fo'ys"k.k ls ;g Li"V gS fd lwjnkl l[; Hkko ds mikld Fks]
ftlds fy, mUgksaus —".k yhyk dk xk;u fd;k gSA —".k ds okRlY; vkSj Ükàxkj ds
fp=.k esa Hkh os vius l[; Hkko dh mikluk dk gh ifjp; nsrs gSaA
vkius lwjnkl ds Hkko&oSHko vkSj mudh lgt Hkfä Hkkouk ij fopkj dj fy;k gSA
;gk¡ vki muds lajpuk&f'kYi dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk v/;;u djus tk jgs gSaA bl
laca/k esa vkidks /;ku esa j[kuk gksxk fd lwjnkl cztHkk"kk ds igys dfo gSa] ckotwn
blds muds dkO; esa cztHkk"kk dh vfHkO;fä {kerk vkSj 'kSyh dk pjeksRd"kZ fn[kkbZ
166
nsrk gSA bl rF; dks ge mudh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh dh fo'ks"krkvksa ij vyx&vyx
fopkj djds vPNh rjg le> ldrs gSaA
lwjnkl dh laiw.kZ dkO;&jpuk cztHkk"kk esa gqbZ gSA cztHkk"kk dh LokHkkfod
dkseyrk esa mUgksaus rn~Hko 'kCnksa ds lkFk rRle 'kCnksa ds leqfpr feJ.k }kjk vkSj
vf/kd o`f) dh gSA xzke laL—fr esa çpfyr 'kCnksa] eqgkojksa] yksdksfä;ksa vkfn ds
dq'ky ç;ksx }kjk mUgksaus czt ds thou dh yksdksUeq[k laL—fr dks vR;ar dq'kyrk
ls fpf=r fd;k gSA vfHk/kk ds lkFk gh mldh y{k.kk vkSj O;atuk tSlh
'kCn&'kfä;ksa dk lgt ç;ksx dj cztHkk"kk tSlh ,d lhfer {ks= esa cksyh tkus
okyh cksyh dks mUgksaus vkus okyh dfo ihf<+;ksa ds fy, dkO;&Hkk"kk dk xkSjo çnku
fd;kA lwj ds ckn rqylhnkl dks NksM+dj yxHkx pkj lkS o"kksaZ rd fcgkj] mÙkj
çns'k] iatkc] jktLFkku] e/; çns'k vkfn esa çk;% cztHkk"kk dks gh dkO;&Hkk"kk ds
:i esa Lohdkj fd;k x;kA Hkk"kk dh –f"V ls fganh dfork ds fy, lwjnkl dk ;g
egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku ekuk tk ldrk gSA
dkO;&:i dh –f"V ls leLr lwj&dkO; xhfr&'kSyh esa fy[kk x;k gSA
muds vf/kdka'k in Hkkjr esa çpfyr fofHkUu jkx&jkxfu;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gSaA y;]
rqd vkSj Vsd ds lgkjs lwjnkl us dq'ky 'kCn&foU;kl vkSj dkseydkar e/kqj
'kCnkoyh }kjk vius inksa esa vn~Hkqr xs;rk dk lekos'k fd;k gSA QyLo:i Hkkjr
ds 'kkL=h; laxhr esa lwj&laxhr dks vkt lokZf/kd çfr"Bk çkIr gqbZ gSA
laxhrkRedrk ds lkFk gh lwjnkl us okd~ pkrq;Z ¼ok.kh dk prqjkbZi.w kZ ç;ksx½ }kjk
viuh 'kSyh dks vR;ar çHkko'kkyh cukus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA bl çdkj dh dFku
ç.kkyh ds ek/;e ls ckj&ckj nksgjk, tkus okys çlaxksa vkSj Hkkoksa dks mUgksaus
uohurk çnku dh gSA okd~ pkrq;Z ds lkFk gh lwjnkl dk vyadkj fo/kku Hkh vR;ar
LokHkkfod vkSj mPp dksfV dk gSA xaHkhj euksn'kkvksa] fo'ks"k :i ls lkSan;Z ds fp=.k
esa mUgksaus miek] :id] mRçs{kk] O;frjsd vkfn vyadkjksa dk [kqydj ç;ksx fd;k
gSA lwjnkl dk vyadkj&fo/kku peRdkj çn'kZu ds fy, u gksdj dF; dks vf/kd
çHkko'kkyh cukus ds fy, gqvk gSA
lwjnkl ds lajpuk&f'kYi dh] mudh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh dh laiw.kZ fo'ks"krkvksa dks
vR;ar la{ksi esa js[kkafdr djrs gq, vkpk;Z gtkjh çlkn f}osnh us fy[kk gS] ^lwjnkl
tc vius fç; fo"k; dk o.kZu 'kq: djrs gSa rks ekuks vyadkj'kkL= gkFk tksM+dj
muds ihNs&ihNs nkSM+rk gSA miekvksa dh ck<+ vk tkrh gS] :idksa dh o"kkZ gksus
yxrh gSA laxhr ds çokg esa dfo Lo;a cg tkrk gSA og vius dks Hkwy tkrk gSA
dkO; esa bl rUe;rk ds lkFk bl 'kkL=h; i)fr dk fuokZg fojy gSA in&in ij
feyus okys vyadkjksa dks ns[kdj Hkh dksbZ vuqeku ugha yxk ldrk fd dfo
tku&cw>dj vyadkjksa dk ç;ksx dj jgk gSA iUus&ij&iUus i<+ tkb,] dsoy
miekvksa vkSj :idksa dh NVk] vU;ksfä;ksa dh BkV] y{k.kk vkSj O;atuk dk peRdkj
& ;gk¡ rd fd ,d gh pht] nks&nks] pkj&pkj] nl&nl ckj rd nqgjkbZ tkrh gS]
fQj Hkh LokHkkfod vkSj lgt çokg dgha vkgr ugha gqvk gSA^ ¼fganh lkfgR;%
mn~Hko vkSj fodkl] i`-114½ bl çdkj lwjnkl cztHkk"kk ds e/;dkyhu dfo;ksa esa
dkO;xr lajpuk&f'kYi dh –f"V ls cstksM+ dfo fl) gksrs gSaA
167
lwjnkl Hkfädky dh —".kksikld lxq.k dkO;&/kkjk ds çfrfuf/k Hkä dfo FksA
viuh l[; Hkfä dh Hkkouk dh vfHkO;fä ds fy, mUgksaus —".k&yhyk ds xk;u
dks vius dke dk çeq[k çfrik| cuk;k FkkA —".k ds lxq.k&lkdkj :i dh
çfr"Bk ds fy, mUgsa czºe ds fuxqZ.k&fujkdkj :i dk [k.Mu Hkh djuk iM+k gSA
vr% czã ds Lo:i&Kku dh vis{kk mUgksaus mlls çse dks vf/kd egRo fn;k gSA
;g çse Hkko Hkä vkSj Hkxoku ds NksVs&cM+s ;k Å¡p&uhp dh Hkkouk ij vk/kkfjr u
gksdj l[; Hkko vFkkZr~ l[kk ;k fe=&Hkko] cjkcjh ds Hkko ij vk/kkfjr gSA iw.kZ
rYyhurk ds lkFk bls gh lwjnkl us vius dkO; dk çfrik| cuk;k gSA
—".k dh fofHkUu yhykvksa dks viuh Hkfä Hkkouk dk çfrik| cukdj çR;{k vkSj
ijks{k & nksuksa :iksa esa —".k Hkfä dks yksdfç; cukuk Hkh lwjnkl dk mn~n's ; jgk
gSA QyLo:i Ñ".k ds yksdjatd :i dks yksxksa ds lkeus çLrqr dj dfo us
Hkkjrh; turk ds chp —".k Hkfä dk çpkj&çlkj Hkh fd;k gSA —".k ls lacaf/kr
nku yhyk] eku yhyk] jkl yhyk] phj gj.k] dqat feyu vkfn ljl çlaxksa vkSj
>k¡fd;ksa }kjk lwjnkl us leLr mÙkj Hkkjr ds lkFk gh caxky rd —".k ds
yksdjatudkjh :i dks O;kid cuk;k gSA bls muds dkO; dk ,d xkS.k çfrik|
Lohdkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vkius lwjnkl }kjk jfpr mi;qZä rhu inksa dk okpu vkSj lwjnkl ds dkO; dh
fo'ks"krkvksa dk /;kuiwoZd v/;;u fd;k gksxkA lwjnkl ds lkfgR; dks fdl rjg
i<+k tkuk pkfg, vkSj mldh O;k[;k dSlh djuh pkfg,] blds fy, ge mi;qZä
rhu inksa esa ls ,d in dh O;k[;k ;gk¡ ns jgs gSaA bldh lgk;rk ls vki vU;
inksa dh O;k[;k Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
fujxqu dkSu nsl dks cklhA
;g egkdfo lwjnkl }kjk fy[kk gqvk in gSA —".k ds eFkqjk pys tkus ds
ckn xksfi;k¡ muds fojg esa O;kdqy jgrh gSaA —".k ds fe= m)o xksfi;ksa dks
le>kus oànkou vkrs gSa vkSj mUgsa fuxqZ.k&fujkdkj bZ'oj esa fo'okl djus dk
mins'k nsrs gSaA xksfi;k¡ m)o ds er dk fojks/k djrh gSa vkSj viuk i{k çLrqr
djrh gSaA blds fy, os m)o dks e/kqdj ¼Hkzej½ dgdj lacksf/kr djrh gSaA
xksfi;k¡ m)o dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, dgrh gSa] gs e/kqdj vFkkZr~ m)o]
rqe gesa le>kdj dgks fd fuxqZ.k fdl ns'k dk jgus okyk gSA ge lkSxa/k nsdj
rqels lp&lp iwN jgh gSa] dksbZ g¡lh ugha dj jgh gSaA gesa ;g crkvks fd ml
fuxqZ.k ds ekrk&firk dkSu gSa] fuxqZ.k dh iRuh dkSu gSa vkSj mudh nklh dkSu gSa\
mudk jax dSlk gS vFkkZr~ dkys gSa ;k xksjs mudh os'kHkw"kk dSlh gS vFkkZr~ os fdl
rjg ds oL= /kkj.k djrs gSa vkSj fdl rjg ds jl ¼vkuan½ ds os bPNqd gSaA
xksfi;k¡ m)o dks psrkouh&lh nsrh gqbZ dgrh gSa fd vxj rqeus diViw.kZ ckr dh
vFkkZr~ rqe >wB cksyksxs rks rqEgsa gh viuh xyr djuh ¼deZ½ dk QyHkqxruk iM+sxkA
lwjnkl th dgrs gSa fd m)o xksfi;ksa dh ;s ckrsa lqudj pqi gks x, vkSj Bxs jg
x,] mudh lkjh cqf) u"V gks xbZ vFkkZr~ mudks dksbZ mÙkj ugha lw>kA
168
1½ lwjnkl dk ;g in vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSA fuxqZ.k er ds fo#) xksfi;ksa dk i{k
;gk¡ çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA ysfdu xksfi;ksa ds rdksaZ esa ckSf)d prqjkbZ vkSj
nk'kZfud tfVyrk ugha gSA bu iafä;ksa ls xksfi;ksa dh fouksn&o`fÙk] Hkksykiu]
piyrk vkSj lgt cqf) dk irk pyrk gSA
2½ ;g in cztHkk"kk esa gSA bldh Hkk"kk ifjekftZr] lgt vkSj LokHkkfod gSA
laL—r ds rRle 'kCnksa ds lkFk ns'kt 'kCnksa ¼xk¡lh] cw>fr½ dk Hkh ç;ksx gqvk
gSA Bxk&lk jguk eqgkojk gSA ê/kqdj^ esa 'ys"k vyadkj gSA 'ys"k vyadkj ogk¡
gksrk gS tgk¡ ,d gh 'kCn nks vFkksaZ esa ç;qä gksrk gSA ;gk¡ e/kqdj dk ,d vFkZ
Hk¡ojk gSA nwljk vFkZ m)o gS] D;ksafd m)o Hkh dkys Fks blfy, xksfi;k¡ m)o
dks e/kqdj dg dj lacksf/kr djrh gSaA
3½ bl in esa dchj vkfn ds fuxqZ.k er dk [k.Mu vkSj vius lxq.k er dk
leFkZu Hkh vR;ar dkS'ky ds lkFk O;ä gqvk gSA
1½ uhps O;k[;k ds fy, dqN iafä;k¡ nh xbZ gSaA fjä LFkkuksa esa vR;ar la{ksi esa
O;k[;k dhft,A
d½ cfgjkS lqus xw¡x iqfu cksyS] jad pyS flj N= /kjkbZA
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[k½ pk# diksy yksy ykspu] xksjkspu fryd fn,A
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x½ /kU; lwj ,dkS iy bfga lq[k] dk lr dYi ft,A
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2½ uhps nh xbZ iafä;ksa dh f'kYixr fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
d½ pk# diksy yksy ykspu] xksjkspu fryd fn,A
yV yVdfu euq eÙk e/kqi xu eknd e/kqfga fi,AA
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[k½ lqur ekSu ºoS jákS BX;kS lks lwj lcS efr uklhA
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169
1½ uhps fn, x, okD;ka'kksa dks O;ä djus okys lgh 'kCn crkb,A
d½ bZ'oj ds çfr çse dh vuqHkwfr ¼Ükàxkj@Hkfä½
[k½ bZ'oj dks fujkdkj ekuuk ¼fuxqZ.k ekxZ@lxq.k ekxZ½
x½ ykSfdd çse dFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls bZ'ojh; çse dh vfHkO;fä dk dkO;
¼KkuekxhZ dkO;@çseekxhZ dkO;½
2½ nSU; Hkko dh Hkfä dk rkRi;Z D;k gS] nks iafä;ksa esa crkb,A
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3½ lwjnkl ds dkO; dk eq[; çfrik| crkb,A
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4½ lwjnkl dh dkO;Hkk"kk dh nks fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
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5½ lwjnkl dh 'kSyh laca/kh nks fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k nks iafä;ksa esa dhft,A
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jkeHkä xksLokeh rqylhnkl Hkfä dkO; dh lxq.k dkO;/kkjk ds nwljs egRoiw.kZ dfo
gSaA mUgksaus eq[;r% jkepfjr dks gh vius dkO; dk fo"k; cuk;k Fkk] blfy, mUgsa
jkeksikld dfo dgk tkrk gSA
lwjnkl dh rjg rqylhnkl ds thou&o`Ùk dks ysdj Hkh fookn
gSA rqylhnkl dk tUe lu~ 1532 esa gqvk FkkA tUe LFkku jktkiqj ¼mÙkj çns'k½
crk;k tkrk gSA rqylhnkl us ^jkepfjr ekul^ dh jpuk 1575 ds vklikl dh
FkhA muds firk dk uke vkRekjke vkSj ekrk dk uke gqylh crk;k tkrk gSA
mudh iRuh dk uke jRukoyh FkkA lu~ 1623 esa mudk nsgkolku gks x;k FkkA
rqylhnkl dks [;kfr fnykus okyh çeq[k jpuk ^jkepfjr ekul^ gSA jke
dh dFkk ij vk/kkfjr ;g egkdkO; mUgksaus vo/kh Hkk"kk esa jpk FkkA blds vfrfjä
Hkh mUgksaus dbZ dkO;&xzaFkksa dh jpuk dhA rqylhnkl us ml le; dh nksuksa çeq[k
lkfgfR;d Hkk"kkvksa vo/kh vkSj czt esa dkO; jpuk dh FkhA mUgksaus ml le;
çpfyr çk;% lHkh 'kSfy;ksa esa dkO; fy[kkA muds }kjk jps x, xzaFk gSa & jkepfjr
ekul] fou; if=dk] dforkoyh] xhrkoyh] —".k xhrkoyh] tkudh eaxy] ikoZrh
eaxy] jkeyyk ugNw] cjoS jke;.k] nksgkoyh] oSjkX; lanhiuh] guqeku ckgqd ,oa
170 jkekKk ç'uA
rqylhnkl lxq.kekxhZ FksA mUgksaus jke ds thou pfjr dks dkO; dk
vk/kkj cuk;k vkSj mudh yksd&yhykvksa dk xk;u fd;kA mudh Hkfä lsod&lsO;
Hkko ij vk/kkfjr FkhA mUgksaus vius dks jke dk lsod le>k vkSj jke dks viuk
LokehA rqylhnkl us vius dkO; }kjk yksdeaxy dh Hkkouk dks vfHkO;fä çnku
dhA mudk fo'okl Fkk fd tc&tc /keZ dk gzkl gksrk gS vkSj iki c<+rk gS]
lTtu d"V mBkrs gSa vkSj nq"Vksa dk vukpkj c<+rk gS] rc&rc Hkxoku euq"; :i
/kkj.k djrs gSa vkSj viuh yhyk }kjk /keZ dh j{kk vkSj iki dk var djrs gSaA blh
Hkkouk ls çsfjr gksdj jkedFkk ij vk/kkfjr dkO; xzaFkksa dh jpuk dh vkSj viuh
eqfä ds lkFk gh yksdeaxy dh dkeuk djrs gq, fou; if=dk fy[khA
xksLokeh rqylhnkl dh [;kfr dk vk/kkj gS] jkepfjr ekulA

bl egkdkO; esa jke dh dFkk çLrqr dh xbZ gSA jke&tUe ls ysdj jke ds
jkT;&fryd rd dh dFkk dks lkr dkaMksa ¼[kaMksa½ esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA
jkepfjr ekul dh jpuk nksgk&pkSikbZ Nan esa gqbZ gS] ftldh Hkk"kk vo/kh gSA
bldk igyk dkaM] ckydkaM gSA rqylhnkl us blds vkjaHk esa fofHkUu nsoh&nsorkvksa
dh Lrqfr dh gSA blds ckn mUgksaus dkO; laca/kh vius –f"Vdks.k dks çLrqr fd;k
gS] ftldk ,d va'k uhps fn;k tk jgk gS &
efu ekfud eqdqrk Nfc tSlhA fxfj xt flj lksg u rSlhAA
uì r#uh ruq ikbZA ygfga ldy lksHkk vf/kdkbZA
rSlsfg lqdfo dfor cq/k dgghaA mitfga vur vur Nfo ygghaAA
Hkxfr gsrq Hkou fcgkbZA lqfejr vkofr /kkbZA
jkepfjr lj fcuq vUgok;saA lks Je tkb u dksfV mik;saAA
dfo vl ân; fcpkjhA xkofga gfjtl AA
dhUgsa çk—r xqu xkukA flj /kqfu fxjk ykfx AA
ân; fla/kq efr lhi lekukA Lokfr lkjnk dgfga lqtkukAA
tks cj"kS cj fcpk:A gksfga dfcr eqdqrkefu pk:AA
tqxqfr csf/k iqfu jke pfjr cj A
ifgjfga lTtu fcey mj lksHkk vfr vuqjkxAA
1½ lk¡i 2½ eqdqV 3½ czãk 4½ ljLorh 5½ iafMr 6½ dfy;qx :ih ekSr dks gjus okys
7½ jktk&egkjktk 8½ ljLorh 9½ ikuh 10½ fijks;k tkuk 11½ /kkxkA
xksLokeh rqylhnkl dh Hkfä nkL; Hkko dh FkhA ^fou; if=dk* esa
rqylhnkl us vius nSU; Hkko dks O;ä fd;k gSA bZ'oj n;kyq gS] og ikfi;ksa dk
m)kj djus okyk gSA eq>&lk dksbZ ikih ugha gS] blfy, gs çHkq rw esjk m)kj djA
;gh Hkko fou; if=dk esa O;ä gqvk gSA ;gk¡ fou; if=dk dk ,d in okpu ds
fy, fn;k x;k gS%
dcgq¡d gkSa ;fg jgfu jgkSaxksA
Jh j?kqukFk&—iky&—ik rsa lar&lqHkko xgkSaxsAA 1 AA
tFkkykHk larks"k lnk dkgw lksa dqN u pgkSaxks
ijfgr&fujr fujarj] eu Øe cpu use fucgkSaxksAA2AA
171
cpu vfr nqlg lzou lqfu rsfg ikod u ngkSaxks
le lhry eu] ijxqu] ufga nks"k dgkSaxsAA3AA
nsg tfur fpark] nq[k&lq[k lecqf) lgkSaxs
rqyflnkl izHkq ;fg iFk jfg] vofpy gfj HkfDr ygkSaxksAA4AA
1½ dBksj 2½ eku dk R;kx 3½ NksM+ dj
^xhrkoyh* dh jpuk rqylhnkl us cztHkk"kk esa dh gSA ;g lwjlkxj dh
rjg xhfr&dkO; gSA blesa rqylhnkl us jke pfjr ls lacaf/kr fofHkUu ekfeZd
izlaxksa ij xhrksa dh jpuk dh gSA jke dFkk dk ,d egRoiw.kZ izlax gS & ;q) ds
nkSjku es?kukn ds ck.k ls y{e.k dk ?kk;y gksuk vkSj y{e.k ds ewfNZr gksus ij
jke dk foyki djukA bl izlax ls lacaf/kr ^xhrkoyh* dk ,d in okpu ds fy,
fn;k tk jgk gS %
esjks lc iq#"kkjFk A
fcifr c¡Vkou ca/kq&ckgq fcuq djkSa Hkjkslks AA1AA
lquq lqxzho eksij Qs;ksZ cnu fc/kkrk
,sls le; lej&l³~dV gkSa rT;ks y"ku&lks HkzkrkAA2AA
fxfj] dkuu tSgSa
ºoSgS] dgk foHkh"ku dh xfr jgh lksp Hkfj NkrhAA3AA
rqylh lqfu izHkq cpu Hkkyq&dfi ldy fcdy fg; gkjs
tkeoar guqear cksfy rc] vkSlj tkfu izpkjsAA4AA
1½ Fkd x;k 2½ fdldk 3½ lpeqp 4½ okuj 5½ NksVs HkkbZ dk gR;kjk
xksLokeh rqylhnkl flQZ dfo ugha FksA os dkO; dh jpuk dk mn~ns'; euksjatu
dks ugha le>rs FksA muds fopkj esa ogh dfork Js"B gksrh gS ftlls jke ds fueZy
pfj= dk xq.kxku fd;k x;k gksA mudh n`f"V ls jke ijaczºe Fks ftUgksaus /keZ dh
j{kk vkSj vlqjksa dk uk'k djus ds fy, uj :i esa vorkj fy;k FkkA
rqylhnkl us jkedFkk dk iz.k;u blh Hkkouk ls fd;k
gSA mUgksaus jke ds pfj= dks dkO;&xzaFkksa esa izLrqr fd;k gSA jkepfjr ekul
egkdO; gS] ftlesa jke ds tUe ls jke&jkT; rd dh dFkk dgh xbZ gSA rqylh ds
jke] HkfDr ds vk/kkj gSaA jkepfjr ekul esa rqylhnkl dh yksd&eaxy dh Hkkouk
Hkh O;Dr gqbZ gSA mÙkjdkaM esa mUgksaus jke&jkT; dh ifjdYiuk izLrqr dh gS]
ftlds vuqlkj jke&jkT; esa fdlh dks dksbZ 'kkjhfjd] HkkSfrd vkSj nSoh; d"V ugha
FkkA lHkh vius&vius /keZ dk ikyu djrs Fks vkSj lq[k ls jgrs FksA
rqylh ds dkO;ksRd"kZ dk irk mu LFkyksa ij yxrk gS] tks vR;ar eeZLi'khZ gSaA
vkpk;Z jkepUnz 'kqDr us jke&dFkk ds fuEufyf[kr eeZLi'khZ LFky crk, gSa& jke
dk v;ks/;k R;kx vkSj ifFkd ds :i esa ouxeu] fp=dwV esa jke vkSj Hkjr dk
feyu] 'kcjh dk vkfrF;] y{e.k dks 'kfDr yxus ij jke dk foyki] Hkjr dh
izrh{kkA rqylh us bu izlaxksa dk vR;ar Hkko&izo.k fp=.k fd;k gSA fo'ks"kr%
172 ^xhrkoyh* vkSj ^dforkoyh* esa ;s izlax vR;ar lân;rk ds lkFk izLrqr gq, gSaA
rqylh us jke&dFkk ds ek/;e ls ikfjokfjd vkSj lkekftd lac/a kksa dk vkn'kZ :i
Hkh izLrqr fd;k gSA muds }kjk fpf=r HkkbZ&HkkbZ] firk&iq=] ekrk&iq=] jktk&iztk]
Lokeh&lsod vkfn fofHkUu laca/kksa ds ifjizs{; esa ekuoh; Hkkouk vkSj drZO;ksa dh
mRÑ"Vrk ns[kh tk ldrh gSA bl n`f"V ls rqylh ds jke Lusg] 'khy] uhfr vkSj
R;kx ds ewfrZeku :i gSaA ^jkepfjr ekul* esa rqylhnkl us viuh yksd eaxy dh
Hkkouk dks vR;ar çHkko'kkyh <ax ls çLrqr fd;k gSA
Hkfä dk ,d çeq[k rRo gS & bZ'oj dh lkeF;Z 'kfä dk vuqHkoA
HkDr ;g ekurk gS fd bZ'oj loZ'kfäeku gS] lkeF;Zoku&n;kyq gS] d#.kk dk
lkxj gSA nwljh vksj] Hkä viuh nhurk vkSj y?kqrk dk cks/k Hkh djrk gSA og blh
nSU; Hkko ls çsfjr gksdj bZ'oj ls viuh eqfä dh çkFkZuk djrk gSA rqylh dh
^fou; if=dk* esa Hkfä dh bUgha Hkkoukvksa dh rhoz vfHkO;fä gqbZ gSA rqylhnkl us
^fou; if=dk* esa jke ds 'khy lkSan;Z vkSj 'kfä dk Hkh fp=.k fd;k gSA mUgksaus
vR;ar d#.k Loj esa viuh y?kqrk vkSj nhurk dks Hkh O;ä fd;k gS rFkk jke ls
çkFkZuk dh gS fd eq>s bl iki lkxj ls mckj ysaA
^fou; if=dk^ dh jpuk rqylhnkl us ,d çkFkZuk&i= ;k vthZ ds :i esa dh gSA

blesa vius nq[kksa ds lkFk gh mUgksaus lekt esa O;kIr nq[kksa dks nwj djus ds fy,
Hkxoku ls fuosnu fd;k gSA blfy, blesa rqylhnkl dh Hkfä ds lkFk gh mudh
yksd&eaxy dh dkeuk Hkh O;ä gqbZ gSA
Hkä dfo;ksa esa rqylhnkl tSlh dkO;&çfrHkk 'kk;n fdlh esa ugha FkhA mUgksaus ml
le; çpfyr dkO; Hkk"kkvksa] Nanksa vkSj dkO;&:iksa dk lQyrkiwoZd ç;ksx fd;k
FkkA Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh] nksuksa –f"V;ksa ls mudk dkO; vR;ar mR—"V dksfV dk gSA
xksLokeh rqylhnkl us ml le; çpfyr çk;% lHkh
dkO;&:iksa dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA ^jkepfjr ekul^ dh jpuk mUgksaus nksgk&pkSikbZ
Nan esa dh gS] ftlesa tk;lh us în~ekor^ dh jpuk dh FkhA dchj ds nksgs vkSj in
'kSyh esa ^nksgkoyh^ vkSj ^fou; if=dk^] lwjnkl vkSj fo|kifr dh yhyk&xku
fo"k;d xhfr 'kSyh esa ^xhrkoyh^ vkSj ^—".k xhrkoyh^] xax vkfn HkkV dfo;ksa dh
^loS;k^] ^dfoÙk^ 'kSyh esa ^dforkoyh^] jghe dh cjoS 'kSyh esa ^cjoS jkek;.k^ dh
jpuk dj rqylhnkl us viuh dkO;&:i laca/kh fuiq.krk dk ifjp; fn;k gSA
rqylhnkl us 'kknh&fookg vkfn eaxy&voljksa ij xk, tkus okys yksdxhrksa dh
'kSyh esa ^tkudh eaxy^] îkoZrh eaxy^ vkSj ^jkeyyk ugNw^ dh jpuk Hkh dhA
mUgksaus mu fnuksa turk esa çpfyr lksgj] ugNw] xhr] pkapj] csyh] clar vkfn jkxksa
dk Hkh lQyrkiwoZd ç;ksx fd;k gSA
rqylhnkl ds ;qx esa czt vkSj vo/kh] nksuksa dk dkO;&jpuk ds fy,
ç;ksx gksrk FkkA tk;lh us înekor^ dh jpuk vo/kh esa dh Fkh vkSj lwjnkl us 173
^lwjlkxj^ cztHkk"kk esa fy[kk FkkA rqylh us vo/kh vkSj czt] nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa dk
mi;ksx fd;kA ^jkepfjr ekul^ dh jpuk mUgksaus vo/kh esa dh FkhA ^xhrkoyh^ vkSj
^—".k xhrkoyh^ dh jpuk mUgksaus cztHkk"kk esa dhA ^dforkoyh^] ^nksgkoyh^] ^tkudh
eaxy^] ^cjoS jkek;.k^] ^jkeyyk ugNw* esa BsB vo/kh dh feBkl gSA ^fou; if=dk*
dh Hkk"kk ;|fi czt gS] ysfdu ml ij vo/kh dk Hkh vlj gSA rqylh dh Hkk"kk dh
fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd og fo"k;kuqdwy :i /kkj.k dj ysrh gSA ^jkepfjr ekul* dh
Hkk"kk çlaxksa vkSj pfj=ksa ds vuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrh gSA tgk¡ vko';d gksrk gS ogk¡
os rRle ;k rn~Hko ;k yksdksfä eqgkojksa vkfn dk ç;ksx djrs gSaA rqylhnkl dh
Hkk"kkxr fo'ks"krkvksa dks js[kkafdr djus okyh ,d ekU;rk gS &
rqylh xax nqokS Hk;s lqdfcu esa ljnkjA
ftudh jpuk esa feyS Hkk"kk fofo/k çdkjAA
vyadkj fo/kku % rqylhnkl us viuh jpukvksa esa vyadkjksa dk vR;ar l/kk gqvk
ç;ksx fd;k gSA miek] mRçs{kk] :id vkfn lkE;ewyd vyadkjksa ds ç;ksx esa mUgsa
i;kZIr lQyrk feyh gSA mUgsa :id&lezkV ds lEeku ls lEekfur fd;k tkrk gSA
lkax:idksa ds vR;f/kd yEcs ç;ksx esa iwjs fganh dkO;&txr esa rqylhnkl vf}rh;
gSaA ^jkepfjr ekul* esa dfork&lfjrk] vkJe&lkxj] Hkfä fparkef.k&Kkunhid
tSls yEcs lkax :idksa dh lVhd vkSj dq'ky ;kstuk lewps Hkkjrh; dkO; esa vçkI;
gSA
^jkepfjr ekul^ esa vius çfrik| dk mYys[k djrs gq, xksLokeh rqylhnkl us
fy[kk gS
;fg e¡g vkfn e/; volkukA
çHkq çfrik| jke HkxokukAA
vFkkZr~ rqylhnkl dk mn~ns'; vius çHkq jke dh HkxoÙkk ;k muds czãRo dks
çfrikfnr djuk FkkA viuh leLr jpukvksa esa mUgksaus bl dk;Z dks vR;ar
lQyrkiwoZd laikfnr fd;k gSA ysfdu bl çfrik| ds ihNs mudh yksdeaxy dh
çcy vkdka{kk fufgr FkhA ^jkepfjr^ ds ek/;e ls mUgksaus lekt vkSj /keZ ds {ks= esa
QSyh fo"kerkvksa ds chp leUo; djus dk ç;kl fd;kA mudh leUo; dh fojkV
;kstuk ds dkj.k vkpk;Z gtkjh çlkn f}osnh us mUgsa yksduk;d ds in ls vya—r
fd;kA vr%rqylhnkl }kjk jke dh HkxoÙkk dk çfriknu jke&Hkfä ds çpkj&çlkj
ds lkFk gh yksdeaxy dh Hkkouk ls çsfjr gSA bl egku y{; dks gh mUgksaus viuk
dkO;kn'kZ fu/kkZfjr fd;k Fkk &
dhjfr Hkfufr Hkwfr Hky lksbZA lqjlfj le lc dgq¡ fgr gksbZA
vFkkZr~ ;'k ¼dhjfr½] dfork ¼Hkfufr½] ,s'o;Z ¼Hkwfr½ rHkh vPNk gksrk gS tc og xaxk
¼lqjlfj½ ds leku lcds fy, fgrdkjh gksA rqylhnkl dk ;g vkn'kZ Hkh muds
çfrik| ls gh tqM+k gqvk gSA
174
vkius rqylhnkl }kjk jfpr dkO; dk okpu vkSj muds dkO; dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk
/;kuiwoZd v/;;u fd;k gksxkA rqylhnkl ds dkO; dh O;k[;k dSlh djuh pkfg,
blds fy, ge ^fou; if=dk^ ds in dh O;k[;k çLrqr dj jgs gSaA vki vU; va'kksa
dh O;k[;k Lo;a djus dk ç;kl dhft,A
% dcgq¡d gkSa ;fg jgfu jgkSaxksA
% ;g xksLokeh rqylhnkl }kjk fy[kk gqvk in gS tks ^fou; if=dk*
ls m)`r fd;k x;k gSA bl in esa rqylhnkl us bl çdkj dk
thou thus dh dkeuk dh gS] tc os Jh jke dh —ik ls iwjh
rjg lar dk LoHkko çkIr djsaxAs
% rqylhnkl dgrs gSa fd D;k eSa ,slk thou&;kiu dj ldw¡xk] D;k
eSa —ikyq Jh j?kqukFkth dh —ik ls larksa tSlk LoHkko çkIr dj
ldw¡xkA D;k eq>s tks Hkh çkIr gksxk] mlh ls ges'kk larq"V jg¡x w kA
fdlh ls Hkh fdlh rjg dh bPNk ugha j[kw¡xkA D;k eSa lnk nwljksa
dk fgr djrk jgw¡xk\ D;k eSa eu] opu vkSj deZ ls fu;eksa dk
ikyu d:¡xkA D;k esjk ,slk LoHkko cu ldsxk fd eSa nwljksa ds
dBksj opu lqudj mldh vkx esa ugha tyw¡xkA fdlh ls lEeku
ikus dh bPNk rks ugha d:¡xkA D;k vius eu dks eku vieku ls
ijs jgdj ,d&lk vkSj 'khry j[k ldw¡xkA ges'kk nwljs ds xq.k
gh ns[kw¡xk vkSj nks"k ugha dgw¡xkA 'kkjhfjd fpark,¡ NksM+dj lq[k
vkSj nq[k] nksuksa dks leku cqf) ls lgw¡xk vkSj muesa dksbZ Hksn ugha
ekuw¡xkA rqylhnkl dgrs gSa fd gs çHkq! D;k eSa bl ekxZ ij
pydj gfj dh Hkfä esa vfMx jg ldw¡xk\
1½ bl in esa rqylhnkl us bZ'oj ds çfr iw.kZ leiZ.k vkSj larksa tSlk thou thus
dh bPNk O;ä dh gSA
2½ îj fgr fujr fujarj^ esa yksd&eaxy dh Hkkouk O;ä gqbZ gSA
3½ Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fä vR;ar lgt ,oa ljy gSA mi;qZä vk/kkj ij vki Lo;a
rqylhnkl ds vU; dkO;ka'kksa dks le>us vkSj mudh O;k[;k djus dk ç;kl
dhft,A
vkius rqylhnkl ds dkO; dk v/;;u fd;k gSA vc vki fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa dk

mÙkj nhft, %
5½ êq> lk dksbZ ikih ugha] blfy, gs çHkq rw esjk m)kj djA^ bl dFku ds
lanHkZ esa rqylhnkl ds dkO; dh lcls çeq[k fo'ks"krk crkb,A
d½ yksdjatu
[k½ yksdeaxy
175
x½ fou; Hkkouk
?k½ Hkfä Hkkouk ¼ ½
6½ ^jkejfpr ekul^ dh jpuk eq[;r% fuEufyf[kr Nanksa esa gqbZA
d½ nksgk&pkSikbZ
[k½ dfoÙk&loS;s
x½ okf.kZd Nan
?k½ eqä Nan ¼ ½
7½ rqylhnkl fdl Hkko ds mikld Fks\
d½ nkEiR; Hkko
[k½ l[; Hkko
x½ fuxqZ.k Hkko
?k½ lsod&lsO; Hkko ¼ ½
8½ d½ rqylhnkl dh –f"V esa jke ds vorkj dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\
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[k½ rqylhnkl ds ^jkejkT;* dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
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x½ rqylhnkl dh dkO;&Hkk"kk dh nks fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
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176
?k½ rqylhnkl dh :id ;kstuk dh fo'ks"krk nks iafä;ksa esa crkb,A
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3½ ^dhjfr Hkfufr Hkwfr Hky lksbZA lqjlfj le lc dgq¡ fgr gksbZAA^ bu iafä;ksa
dk vFkZ Li"V dhft,A
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vk/kqfud fganh dkO; dh 'kq#vkr 19oha lnh ds vafre

n'kdksa esa gqbZA vk/kqfud dky ls igys fganh esa dfork czt] vo/kh] jktLFkkuh vkfn
cksfy;ksa esa gksrh Fkh] fdarq x| dh rjg i| dh Hkk"kk Hkh vk/kqfud ;qx esa [kM+h cksyh
gks xbZ FkhA Hkkjrsanq gfj'paæ ¼1850&1885½ ds le; rd dkO; dh Hkk"kk çk;% czt
gh cuh jgh] fdarq mlds ckn /khjs&/khjs czt dk LFkku [kM+h cksyh us ys fy;kA
chloha lnh dh 'kq#vkr ds vklikl fganh dkO; dh ftl ço`fÙk dk mn; gqvk] og
e/;;qxhu fganh dfork ls Hkk"kk vkSj f'kYi dk –f"V ls gh ugha Hkko vkSj fopkj dh
–f"V ls Hkh dkQh fHkUu FkhA bl nkSj dh dfork+ esa jk"Vªh; Hkkouk vkSj lekt
lq/kkj ds Loj çeq[k FksA bUgha ls çsfjr gksdj bl nkSj ds dfo;ksa us dkO; jpuk dh
FkhA buesa eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr çeq[k FksA
eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr dk tUe 3 vxLr] 1886 dks
fpjxkao] >k¡lh esa gqvk FkkA vkjaHk ls gh muesa jk"Vªh;rk dh Hkkouk çcy FkhA blh
ls çsfjr gksdj mUgksaus 1912 esa ^Hkkjr Hkkjrh^ uked dkO; dh jpuk dh tks ml
le; vR;ar yksdfç; gqbZA eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr ekuorkoknh dfo Fks vkSj bl –f"V ls
mUgksaus egku Hkkjrh; pfj=ksa dks ysdj egkdkO;ksa dh jpuk dh ftuesa jke&dFkk ij
vk/kkfjr ^lkdsr^ vkSj ^cq)^ ds thou ij vk/kkfjr ^;'kks/kjk^ vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSaA
buds vfrfjä] mUgksaus dbZ çca/k vkSj eqäd dkO; fy[ks ftuesa ^t;æFk o/k^]
îapoVh^] ^}kij^] ^t;Hkkjr^ vkfn çeq[k gSaA eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr dks jk"Vª&dfo ds :i
esa çflf) çkIr gqbZ vkSj os jkT;lHkk ds lnL; Hkh euksuhr fd, x, FksA lu 1964
esa fpjxkao esa gh mudk nsgkolku gqvkA
Jh eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr dk egkdkO; ^lkdsr^ mudh çfl) jpuk gSA xqIrth us

^lkdsr^ esa jke&dFkk dks uohu –f"V ls çLrqr fd;k gSA lkdsr ds uosa lxZ esa
mUgksaus y{e.k dh iRuh mfeZyk dh fojg&tU; ihM+k dks xhrkRed vfHkO;fä nh gSA 177
bl lxZ dh jpuk mUgksaus egkohj çlkn f}osnh ds ,d ys[k ^dfo;ksa dh mfeZyk
fo"k;d mnklhurk^ ls çsfjr gksdj dh gSA ge ;gk¡ okpu ds fy, bl lxZ ds dqN
va'k uhps ns jgs gSaA
lf[k] irax Hkh tyrk gS gk! nhid Hkh tyrk gSA
lhl fgykdj nhid dgrk &
Þca/kq! o`Fkk gh rw D;ksa ngrk\ß
ij irax iM+dj gh jgrk!
fdruh foºoyrk gSA
nksuksa vksj çse iyrk gSA
cpdj gk;! irax ejs D;k\
ç.k; NksM+dj çk.k /kjs D;k\
tys ugha rks ejk djs D;k\
D;k ;g vlQyrk gS\
nksuksa vkSj çse iyrk gSA
dgrk gS irax eu ekjs &
rqe egku] eSa y?kq] ij I;kjs]
D;k u ej.k Hkh gkFk gekjs\
'kj.k fdls Nyrk gS\
nhid ds tyus esa
fQj Hkh gS thou dh ykyh
fdarq irax&HkkX;&fyfi dkyh
fdldk o'k pyrk gS\
txrh] gS j[krh]
mls pkgrh ftlls p[krh]
dke ugha] ifj.kke fuj[krh
eq>s ;gh [kyrk gSA
uoe lxZ dk ,d vkSj va'k] ftlesa mfeZyk dh fojg osnuk O;ä gqbZ gS nsf[k, &
lf[k] esa mrjk
;g vgk! frjrk frjrk]
vc 'ks"k ugha]
fudyk ftudks pjrk&pjrk
vius cps rc Hkh]
pyrk mudks /kjrk /kjrk]
xM+ tk;¡ u daVd Hkwry ds]
Mky jgk Mjrk MjrkA
178
1½l[kh 2½ O;kikj 3½ uhyk vkdk'k :ih ljksoj 4½ lw;Z ds çrhd ds :i esa 5½ rkjs
:ih eksrh 6½ vksl dh cwansa 7½ gkFk ¼fdj.k½
Jh eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr us tc dkO; jpuk vkjaHk dh] rc Hkkjr ijk/khu FkkA xqIrth
dh igyh dkO;&iqLrd ^jax esa Hkax^ 1909 esa çdkf'kr gqbZ FkhA ml le;
Lora=rk&la?k"kZ esa turk dh O;kid Hkkxhnkjh c<+ jgh FkhA eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr ij Hkh
bl la?k"kZ dk çHkko iM+kA mUgksaus 1912 esa jk"Vªh; Hkkouk ls çsfjr gksdj ^Hkkjr
Hkkjrh^ tSlh vej jpuk nhA ;g —fr flQZ jk"Vªh; Hkkoukvksa ls çsfjr gksdj gh
ugha fy[kh xbZ FkhA cfYd blds ek/;e ls os turk esa vius ns'k] mldh laL—fr
vkSj egku ijaijk ds çfr xkSjo dh Hkkouk txkuk pkgrs FksA muesa orZeku dh
nqnZ'kk dk Hkh cks/k Fkk] blfy, mUgksaus ^Hkkjr Hkkjrh^ esa tgk¡ vrhr dk xkSjo&xku
fd;k] ogha orZeku nqnZ'kk dk fp= [khaprs gq, mlls eqä gksus dk vkºoku Hkh fd;k
FkkA eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr ;|fi /keZijk;.k O;fä Fks] ysfdu mudk –f"Vdks.k
ekuorkoknh FkkA mUgksaus çca/k dkO;ksa dh jpuk ds fy, Hkkjrh; bfrgkl vkSj iqjk.kksa
ls dFkk,¡ vkSj pfj= fy,] ysfdu mUgsa orZeku ds ekuoh; /kjkry ij gh çLrqr
fd;kA ekuoh; –f"Vdks.k ds dkj.k gh mUgksaus mfeZyk ¼y{e.k dh iRuh½] vkSj
;'kks/kjk ¼cq) dh iRuh½ dh O;Fkk dks ok.kh nhA ukjh ds çfr muesa fo'ks"k lgkuqHkwfr
dh Hkkouk FkhA
xqIrth vkn'kZoknh FksA mudk vkn'kZokn lkekftd vkSj ikfjokfjd laca/kksa esa
lekurk vkSj R;kx dh Hkkouk ij fVdk gqvk FkkA mUgksaus /kkfeZd vlfg".kqrk vkSj
lkEçnkf;drk dk lnSo fojks/k fd;kA vkLFkkoknh gksdj Hkh mudh –f"V bl yksd
ij gh fVdh jghA os vrhr dh egku miyfC/k;ksa ds ç'kald Fks] lkFk gh Hkkjrh;
lekt esa O;kIr cqjkb;ksa ds vkykspd Hkh FksA vius dkO; dh bu fo'ks"krkvksa ds
dkj.k gh os jk"Vª&dfo ds :i esa ekU; gq,A
^lkdsr^ mudh ç[;kr jpuk FkhA ;|fi ^lkdsr* dk vk/kkj Hkh jke&dFkk gS ysfdu
mUgksaus jke&dFkk ds dsoy mUgha çlaxksa dks fy;k gS] ftuesa ekuoh; laca/kksa dk
mTToy i{k mtkxj gksA mUgksaus jke ds ekuoRo dks ^lkdsr^ esa çfrf"Br fd;k gSA
jke&jko.k ds la?k"kZ dh dFkk dh ctk; ^lkdsr* esa jke dFkk dk ikfjokfjd :i
vf/kd mHkjk gS vkSj ;gk¡ ij mudh –f"V ,slh ikfjokfjd e;kZnk ds i{k esa jgh gS
tgk¡ ukjh ds lEeku dh iwjh j{kk gks vkSj mls fdlh Hkh rjg ls ykafNr ;k
vf/kdkj&foghu u cuk;k tk,A mfeZyk ds R;kx dks blhfy, os lhrk ls cM+k
ekurs gSa D;ksafd og ifjokj ds fy, vius oS;fäd lq[kksa ¼ifr ds lkFk jgus dk
lq[k½ dk ifjR;kx dj nsrh gSA ^lkdsr^ esa xqIrth us yksdksUeq[k thou ds fp=
çLrqr fd, gSaA
Jh eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr us [kM+h cksyh dks ml le; dkO;&Hkk"kk ds :i esa ç;qä

fd;k tc fganh dfork esa cztHkk"kk dk gh tksj FkkA xqIrth dk çeq[k ;ksxnku ;g
Fkk fd mUgksaus x| dh Hkk"kk dks dkO; dh Hkk"kk cukus dk lQy ç;kl fd;kA fganh
dh lgtrk vkSj LokHkkfodrk mudh dkO;&Hkk"kk dh çeq[k fo'ks"krk gS] ;|fi
dgha&dgha muesa x|kRedrk dh >yd fn[kkbZ ns tkrh gSA mUgksaus cksypky dh 179
Hkk"kk dk gh ç;ksx fd;k gS] fdarq rRle 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx Hkh i;kZIr gSA mudk eq[;
>qdko oLrq ds ewrZ fp=.k dh vksj jgk gSA f}osnh&;qxhu O;kogkfjd Hkk"kk ds ncko
ds dkj.k mudh Hkk"kk esa og dykRed lkSan;Z ugha fn[kkbZ nsrk tks ckn esa
Nk;koknh dkO; dh fo'ks"krk cuhA
xqIrth dh ço`fÙk çca/k dkO; dh vksj jgh gSA ^lkdsr^ vkSj ^;'kks/kjk^ egkdkO;kRed
çca/k dkO; gSaA ysfdu egkdkO;ksa esa tks mnkÙkrk] la?k"kZ vkSj ohjksfpr uk;dRo gksrk
gS] og muds egkdkO;ksa esa ugha gSA çca/k dkO; esa Hkh mudh ço`fÙk xhrkRedrk dh
vksj jgh gSA mudh #fp thou ds lgt vkSj Hkko&ço.k çlaxksa dh vksj T+;knk jgh
gSA ,sls çlaxksa esa thou&la?k"kZ dk xgu xkaHkh;Z de gksrk gS] tks egkdkO;kRedrk
ds çfrdwy gSA xqIrth us dkO; esa mUgha Nanksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tks [kM+h cksyh fganh
dh ç—fr ds vuqdwy FksA muds dkO; esa jhfroknh dfo;ksa dh rjg vyadkjksa ds
çfr fo'ks"k vkxzg ugha gS] u gh mUgksaus dkO; esa peRdkj iSnk djus dh dksf'k'k dh
gSA bl –f"V ls Hkh muds dkO; esa lgtrk fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr jk"Vªoknh dfo FksA muesa lkfgR; jpuk ds ihNs jk"Vªh; mRFkku dh
Hkkouk çsjd :i esa ekStwn jgh gSA mUgksaus e/;;qxhu dkO;&psruk ls eqä gksrs gq,
dfork ds dsaæ esa /keZ dh ctk; ekuo dks LFkkfir fd;kA blh ekuo dh
lkaL—frd psruk dks os dkO; esa mrkjuk pkgrs FksA bl –f"V ls Hkkjrh; laL—fr
muds fy, vk/kkj&Hkwfe dk dke djrh jgh gSA Hkkjrh; bfrgkl vkSj iqjk.k dFkkvksa
ds fofHkUu pfj=ksa ds ek/;e ls ekuoh; laca/kksa vkSj ewY;ksa dks mUgksaus viuh
dforkvksa esa çLrqr fd;kA ;gh dkj.k gS fd mUgksaus ^jke^ tSls pfj= dks Hkh
ekuoh; /kjkry ij mrkjdj lgt ekuo&laca/kksa ds ifjçs{; esa çLrqr fd;kA
mUgksaus vrhr dks vius dkO; dk vk/kkj cuk;k] ysfdu viuh –f"V dks vrhrksUeq[kh
ugha cuus fn;kA mUgsa Hkkjr ds mTToy Hkfo"; ij xgjk fo'okl FkkA ;g fo'okl
mudh dforkvksa esa ckj&ckj O;ä gqvk gSA vr% uotkxj.k ds lanHkZ esa jk"Vªh;
psruk dk mRFkku mudh dfork dk çeq[k çfrik| ekuk tk ldrk gSA
eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr ds egkdkO; ^lkdsr^ ds tks va'k okpu ds fy, fn, x, gSa] os
vR;ar ljy vkSj lgt gh le> esa vk tkus okys gSaA vki Lo;a bu va'kksa dh
O;k[;k djus dk ç;kl dhft,A bu va'kksa dh O;k[;k djus ls iwoZ vki laHko gks
rks ^lkdsr^ dks iwjk i<+ tkb,] ftlls vkidks bu va'kksa dk lgh lanHkZ ekywe gks
tk,xkA fQj Hkh vkidks ;g /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd bu dkO;ka'kksa esa y{e.k dh
iRuh mfeZyk viuh fojg&osnuk O;ä dj jgh gSaA mfeZyk dh ;g fojg osnuk
lkekU; ukjh dh osnuk cudj O;ä gqbZ gSA ;s dkO;ka'k xhrkRed gSa vkSj xhrksa esa
jgus okyh Hkko&ço.krk buesa Hkh ekStnw gSA ukjh dh fojg Hkkouk dks O;ä djus ds
fy, mUgksaus çk;% ijaijkxr 'kSyh dk gh ç;ksx fd;k gS fdarq mls Hkh u;k :i vkSj
u;k vFkZ nsus dk ç;kl Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] nhid vkSj irax ds
çrhd cgqr iqjkus gSa ysfdu ;gk¡ mfeZyk dh fojg dks os ,d u;k vFkZ nsrs gSaA
mfeZyk viuh fLFkfr dks ml irax ds :i esa ns[krh gS] ftldk tyuk vFkZghu&lk
yxrk gSA
180
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k, vkSj vius mÙkj bdkbZ ds var esa fn, x, mÙkjksa
ls feykb,A
9½ fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl vk/kkj ij xqIrth dh jpuk e/;;qxhu dkO; ls vyx
gksrh gSA
d½ mUgksaus dkO; esa [kM+h cksyh dks Lohdkj fd;kA
[k½ mUgksaus /keZ dh ctk; ekuo dks dsaæ esa j[kkA
x½ mUgksaus dkO; esa jk"Vªh; Hkkouk dks çLrqr fd;kA
?k½ mi;qZä rhuksa vk/kkjksa ijA ¼ ½
10½ ^Hkkjr&Hkkjrh^ esa fdl Hkkouk dks dsaæh; LFkku çkIr gqvk gSA
d½ /keZ Hkkouk
[k½ ekuoh; Hkkouk
x½ jk"Vªh; Hkkouk
?k½ Hkfä Hkkouk ¼ ½
11½ fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds laf{kIr mÙkj nhft, %
d½ xqIrth dh vrhr ds çfr D;k –f"V Fkh\ rhu iafä;ksa esa mÙkj nhft,A
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[k½ ^lkdsr^ esa mfeZyk ds pfj= dks bruk egRo D;ksa fn;k x;k gS\ rhu
iafä;ksa esa mÙkj nhft,A
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x½ xqIrth dh dkO;&Hkk"kk dh nks fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
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Nk;kokn % vk/kqfud fganh dkO;&/kkjk dk mRd"kZ gesa Nk;koknh dkO; esa utj vkrk
gSA fganh esa Nk;koknh dkO; dk nkSj 1917&18 ls 1935&36 rd ekuk tkrk gSA
Nk;koknh dkO; dh jk"Vªh; eqfä vkanksyu ls çsfjr FkkA bl ço`fÙk ds ewy esa
Lora=rk dh Hkkouk varfuZfgr FkhA u dsoy jk"Vª dh Lora=rk] cfYd :f<;ksa vkSj
xyr ekU;rkvksa ls O;fä dh Lora=rk Hkh blesa fufgr FkhA blfy, Nk;koknh
181
dkO; esa jk"Vªh; eqfä vkSj oS;fäd Lora=rk] nksuksa dk Loj çeq[k jgk gSA Nk;koknh
dfo;ksa dh mUeqä psruk çÑfr ls vaR;r izHkkfor Fkh] D;ksafd ç—fr dh mUeqärk
esa mUgsa vius ân; dh mUeqärk ut+j vkrh FkhA Nk;koknh dfo ds dkO; esa Hkh
ekuo gh dsaæ esa Fkk] ysfdu bu dfo;ksa dk /;ku xjhc] in&nfyr vkSj 'kksf"kr
lkekU;&tu dh vksj Hkh tk jgk FkkA Nk;koknh dfo;ksa us [kM+h cksyh fganh dks iwjh
rjg ls dkO;&Hkk"kk ds vuqdwy cuk fy;kA vc og flQZ oLrq dk o.kZu djus
okyh Hkk"kk ugha jg xbZ Fkh] oju~ mlesa dYiuk dh Å¡ph mM+ku] ekufld var}±}
vkSj xgu vuqHkwfr&tU; tfVy fcacksa dks çLrqr fd;k tk ldrk FkkA Nk;koknh
dfo;ksa us [kM+h cksyh fganh dk l`tukRed laLdkj dj mls Nan dh :f<c)rk ls
eqä fd;kA t;'kadj çlkn] lw;Zdkar f=ikBh ^fujkyk^] lqfe=kuanu iar vkSj egknsoh
oekZ Nk;kokn ds çeq[k dfo gSaA ge ;gk¡ fujkyk dh ,d çfl) jpuk ^rksM+rh
iRFkj^ ns jgs gSaA
Jh lw;Zdkar f=ikBh Þfujkyk^ dk tUe caxky ds efg"kkny jkT;
esa clar iapeh ds fnu lu~ 1896 esa gqvk FkkA ysfdu muds ekrk&firk mÙkj çns'k
ds cSlokM+k {ks= ds jgus okys FksA fujkyk us dkO;&jpuk 1915&16 ds vklikl
vkjaHk dh FkhA mudh igyh çfl) dkO;&jpuk ^tqgh dh dyh^ FkhA fujkyk dh
dforkvksa esa vkjaHk ls gh çxfr'khyrk dk Loj jgk gSA mUgksaus Hkko vkSj Hkk"kk &
nksuksa gh –f"V;ksa ls fganh dfork dks le`) fd;kA mudh çfl) jpukvksa esa ^jke
dh 'kfä iwtk^ vkSj ^ljkst Le`fr^ uked yach dfork] ^rqylhnkl^ uked [kaM
dkO;] ^ckny&jkx^] ^rksM+rh iRFkj^] ^fHk{kqd^] ^tkxks fQj ,d ckj^ vkfn dfork,¡
fo'ks"k mYys[kuh; gSaA mUgksaus dkO; ds vfrfjä dgkuh] miU;kl vkSj fuca/k Hkh
fy[ks gSaA muds çfl) dkO;&laxzg gSa & îfjey^] ^vukfedk^] ^xhfrdk^] û;s iÙks^]
^csykÂ fujkykth dks thou i;ZUr vkfFkZd dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA
ysfdu mudk lkfgR;&l`tu fQj Hkh vuojr tkjh jgkA lu~ 1961 esa mudk
nsgkar gks x;kA
fujkyk dh dforkvksa esa ^Nk;kokn^ dh çk;% lHkh fo'ks"krk,¡ mUur :i esa O;ä gqbZ
gSaA lkFk gh muesa vkjaHk ls gh çxfr'khy dfork ds rRo Hkh ekStwn jgs gSaA
çxfr'khy dfork esa esgurd'k turk ds çfr xgjh lgkuqHkwfr gksrh gS vkSj lekt
esa O;kIr vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd fo"kerk ij Hkh xgjh pksV gksrh gSA fujkyk dh
^rksM+rh iRFkj^ dfork blh –f"V dk çfrfuf/kRo djrh gSA mudh ;g dfork 1935
esa çdkf'kr gqbZ FkhA muds dkO;&laxzg ^vukfedk^ esa ;g laxzghr gSA
og rksM+rh iRFkjA
ns[kk mls eSaus bykgkckn ds iFk ij
og rksM+rh iRFkjA
dksbZ u Nk;knkj
isM+ og ftlds rys cSBh gqbZ Lohdkj]
';ke ru] Hkj c¡/kk ;kSou]
182
ur u;u]
gFkkSM+k gkFk]
djrh ckj&ckj çgkj
lkeus vêkfydk] A
p<+ jgh Fkh /kwi
xfeZ;ksa ds fnu
dk rerekrk :i
mBh >qylkrh gqbZ yw
#bZ T;ksa tyrh gqbZ Hkw
Nk x;ha]
çk;% gqbZ nksigj
og rksM+rh iRFkjA
ns[krs ns[kk eq>s rks ,d ckj]
ml Hkou dh vksj ns[kk] A
ns[k dj dksbZ ugha]
ns[kk eq>s ml –f"V ls]
tks ekj [kk jks;h ughaA
ltk lgt flrkj
lquh eSaus og ugha tks Fkh lquh
,d {k.k ds ckn og dk¡ih
<qyd ekFks ls fxjs
yhu gksrs deZ esa fQj T;ksa dgk &
êSa rksM+rh iRFkjÂ
1½ dsoy deZ dks I;kj djus esa eXu 2½ Hkkjh 3½ isM+ksa dh drkj 4½ pkjnhokjh 5½
lw;Z 6½ /kwfy 7½ fpUxkjh 8½ ftldk rkj&rkj fc[kjk gks 9½ /ofu 10½ lqanj 11½
ilhus dh cwan
fujkyk dk thou vR;ar la?k"kZe; FkkA bldk çHkko mudh dkO;&;k=k ij Hkh
iM+kA fujkyk dk dkO; muds la?k"kZe; thou dk çfrfcac dgk tk ldrk gSA
mudh thou&–f"V vkSj dkO;&–f"V dk fuekZ.k blh la?k"kZ ds nkSjku gqvkA mUgksaus
thou vkSj dkO; nksuksa esa lkekftd&vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k vkSj #f<+xr ekU;rkvksa dk
–<+rkiwoZd fojks/k fd;kA blh dkj.k Nk;koknh dfo;ksa esa lcls eq[kj foæksgh Loj
fujkyk ds dkO; esa O;ä gqvk gSA fujkyk ds dkO; esa Hkko&cks/k dh fofo/krk utj
vkrh gS] ftlesa thou dk gj jax feyrk gSA mlesa mYykl vkSj volkn] 'kkafr
vkSj Økafr nksuksa gSaA mUgksaus ukjh lkSan;Z ds fp= [khaps gSa] ç—fr dk euksje vadu
183
fd;k gS] thou dh mnklh vkSj uSjk'; dks dfork esa ck¡/kk gS rks lkekftd Økafr
dk Loj Hkh muesa vR;ar çcyrk ls çLrqr gqvk gSA fujk'kk vkSj volkn ds ckotwn
mudh dfork esa çcy ftthfo"kk ¼thus dh bPNk½ feyrh gSA
^rksM+rh iRFkj^ lkekftd Økafr dk çfrfuf/kRo djus okyh dfork gSA ;g fujkyk
dh vR;ar çfl) jpuk gSA bl dfork esa thou&;FkkFkZ ds nks fojks/kh fp=
,d&lkFk fn, x, gSaA ,d vksj fpyfpykrh /kwi esa iRFkj rksM+rh et+nwfju gS rks
nwljh vksj Nk;knkj isM+ksa ls f?kjh fo'kky vêkfydk,¡ gSaA ysfdu dfo dks eglwl
gksrk gS fd og iRFkj ugha rksM+ jgh gS] oju~ vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd fo"kerk dh
pêku dks rksM+ jgh gSA
fujkyk dk dyk&cks/k Hkh fofo/krk fy, gq, gSA Hkk"kk ds ftrus :i muds ;gk¡
feyrs gSa] mrus fdlh vU; dfo ds ;gk¡ ughaA mudh vkjafHkd dforkvksa esa
laLÑrfu"B vkSj lekl&ç/kku Hkk"kk fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] ftldk loksZre mnkgj.k
mudh igyh dfork ^tqgh dh dyh^ ds lkFk gh ^jke dh 'kfä iwtk^ gSA ysfdu
ckn esa muesa cksypky dh Hkk"kk dk jax utj vkus yxrk gSA cksypky dh Hkk"kk esa
Hkh os dbZ rjg ds ç;ksx djrs gSaA ^rksMrh iRFkj* dh Hkk"kk ;|fi fcYdqy cksypky
dh ugha gS] ysfdu mlesa 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx vR;ar dq'kyrk ls fd;k x;k gSA 'kCnksa esa
O;ä dBksjrk thou dh dBksjrk dks çfrfcafcr djus yxrh gSA ^';ke ru] Hkj
c¡/kk ;kSou^ esa iRFkj rksM+rh etnwfju dk vR;ar deZjr vkSj thoar O;fäRo lkdkj
gqvk gSA
fujkyk fganh ds igys dfo gSa ftUgksaus dkO;&f'kYi dh pyh vkrh :f<+;ksa ls iwjh
rjg eqä gksus dk ç;kl fd;kA mUgksaus fganh dfork dks Nan ds ca/ku ls eqä
fd;kA bldk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd mUgksaus Nanc) dfork ugha fy[kh oju~ lPpkbZ
;g gS fd ijaijkxr Nanksa esa u, ç;ksx djds mUgsa u;k fu[kkj fn;k vkSj dbZ u,
Nanksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh fd;kA viuh eqä Nan dh dfork esa Hkh mUgksaus y; vkSj laxhr
dk leqfpr lekos'k fd;kA
fujkyk ds vius 'kCnksa esa dgk tk, rks mUgksaus Hkkoksa ds lkFk gh Hkk"kk vkSj Nan ds
ç;ksx esa mYVh xaxk cgkbZ gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g fd Hkko&;kstuk ds lkFk gh
lajpuk&f'kYi ds ijaijkxr ekun.Mksa dk ifjR;kx dj dfork esa mUgksaus lokZf/kd
ç;ksx fd, gSaA bl çfØ;k esa mUgksaus thou ds çR;sd {ks= dks çk;% fcacksa ds ek/;e
ls O;ä djus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA ;g fcackRedrk muds f'kYi dh nwljh egRoiw.kZ
fo'ks"krk gSA
fujkyk dh dforkvksa esa tks lkekftd vkSj ;FkkFkZ –f"V fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] og muds
thou la?k"kksaZ dh gh nsu gSA fujkyk dks thou&Hkj tks nq%[k vkSj vieku >syus
iM+s] muds dkj.k mudk Loj lkekftd vU;k; vkSj vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k ds fo#) çcy
osx ls meM+ iM+kA fujkyk ;|fi lkSan;Z vkSj çse ds Hkh dfo gSa vkSj ,slh dforkvksa
dk viuk vyx vkd"kZ.k gSA ysfdu thou la?k"kksaZ us mUgsa lekt ds çfr vf/kd
ltx cuk;kA fujkyk 'kq: ls gh ewyHkwr ifjorZuksa ds i{k/kj jgs gSaA mUgksaus lu~
184
22&23 esa viuh ^ckny jkx^ 'kh"kZd dforkvksa esa gh 'kks"kd vkSj mRihM+d oxZ ij
vk?kkr fd;k Fkk vkSj fdlku dks Økafr dk nwr dgk FkkA ckn esa rks mudk Loj
'kks"kd oxZ ds çfr vf/kdkf/kd dVq gksrk x;k tks ^csyk* rFkk û;s iÙks^ dh
dforkvksa esa O;aX; cudj mHkjkA
fujkyk dh dfork ^rksM+rh iRFkj^ dh ppkZ ge mi;qZä foospu esa dj pqds gSaA vki
Lo;a dfork dk /;kuiwodZ okpu dj mldh O;k[;k dj ldrs gSaA
cks/k ç'u
uhps fn, x, ç'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,A
12½ ^rksM+rh iRFkj^ dfork dk çfrik| gSA
d½ lkekftd oS"kE;
[k½ ç—fr lkSan;Z
x½ ukjh&lkSan;Z
?k½ vkRe&jka?k"kZ ¼ ½
13½ fujkyk dk dkO;&f'kYi dh –f"V ls çeq[k ;ksxnku gSA
d½ u, vyadkjksa dk ç;ksx
[k½ Nan ds ca/ku ls eqfä
x½ u, çrhdksa dk ç;ksx
?k½ y; ds ca/ku ls eqfä ¼ ½
14½ fujkyk ds dkO; f'kYi dh nks fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
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vH;kl
dksbZ u Nk;knkj
isM+ og ftlds rys cSBh gqbZ Lohdkj]
';ke ru] Hkj c¡/kk ;kSou]
ur u;u] fç; deZ jr eu
xq# gFkkSM+k gkFk]
djrh ckj&ckj çgkj
lkeus r# ekfydk vêkfydk] çkdkjA
mi;qZä iafä;ksa dh ljy Hkk"kk esa O;k[;k dhft,A
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Nk;kokn ds dfo;ksa esa egknsoh oekZ dk uke Hkh vR;ar lEeku ds lkFk fy;k tkrk
gSA egknoh oekZ dks ^vk/kqfud ehjk* dh laKk nh xbZ gSA blls vuqeku yxk;k tk
ldrk gS fd dkO; {ks= esa mudk LFkku fdruk Å¡pk gSA Jherh egknsoh oekZ dk
tUe 1907 bZ- esa Q#[kkckn ¼mÙkj çns'k½ esa gqvkA mUgksaus laL—r esa ,e-,- fd;k
vkSj fQj thou&i;ZUr çkpk;Z ds :i esa f'k{kk ds vonku dk dk;Z fd;kA 11
flrEcj] 1987 dks mudk nsgkar gks x;kA 1983 esa mUgsa KkuihB iqjLdkj ls
lEekfur fd;k x;k FkkA egknsoh oekZ us dforkvksa ds vfrfjä js[kkfp= vkSj
laLej.k Hkh fy[ks FksA dforkvksa dh rjg muds js[kkfp= vkSj laLej.k Hkh vR;ar
mPp&dksfV ds gSaA egknsoh th dh çeq[k dkO; iqLrdsa gSa% ^fugkj ¼1930½] ^jf'e^
¼1932½] ûhjtk^ ¼1934½] ^lka/; xhr^ ¼1936½ vkSj ^nhif'k[kk^ ¼1942½] ^çFke vk;ke^
¼1984½] ^;kek^ ¼1936½ esa muds vkjafHkd laxzgksa dh dfork,¡ gSaA x| Ñfr;ksa esa
^vrhr ds pyfp=^] ^Ükà[kyk dh dfM+;k¡^] ^Le`fr dh js[kk,¡^] ^{k.knk^ vkfn çeq[k gSaA
egknsoh th vius xhrksa ds fy, fo'ks"k :i ls ç[;kr gSaA ;gk¡ ge okpu ds fy,
mudk ,d çfl) xhr ns jgs gSaA
eSa uhj Hkjh nq[k dh cnyhA
esa fpj clk]
esa vkgr fo'o g¡lk]
u;uksa esa nhid ls tyrs]
iydksa esa epyh!
esjk ix ix laxhr Hkjk]
'oklksa ls LoIu&ijkx >jk]
uHk ds uo j¡x cqurs
Nk;k esa iyh!
eSa ij f?kj /kwfey
fpark dk Hkkj cuh vfojy]
jt&d.k ij ty&d.k gks cjlh]
uothou&vadqj cu fudyh!
iFk dks u efyu djrk vkuk]
in fpà u ns tkrk tkuk]
lqf/k esjs dh tx esa]
lq[k dh flgju gks var f[kyh!
foLr`r uHk dk dksbZ dksuk(
esjk u dHkh viuk gksuk]
ifjp; bruk bfrgkl ;gh
meM+h dy Fkh feV vkt pyh!
186
1½ daiu 2½ vpy ¼daiu jfgr½ 3½ foyki 4½ >jus ls fudyus okyh NksVh unh 5½
js'keh oL= 6½ nf{k.k dh vksj ls vkus okyh gok 7½ HkkSa 8½ vkuk
egknsoh oekZ dh dfork,¡ Nk;kokn ds vU; dfo;ksa ls bl vFkZ esa fHkUu gSa fd muesa
mudk futh lalkj gh T;knk O;ä gqvk gSA egknsoh th ds dkO; esa oLrqxr lalkj
cgqr lhfer gSA os çk;% vius eu dh ihM+k vkSj osnuk dks gh fofHkUu :iksa esa O;ä
djrh gSaA blds fy, os ç—fr dk lgkjk ysrh gSa vkSj mUgsa çrhd :i esa çLrqr
djrh gSaA mudh dforkvksa esa ç—fr ds fofHkUu fp= feyrs gSa] ysfdu os muds
ân; ds euksHkkoksa dh vfHkO;fä ds ek/;e gSaA ç—fr fp= dks og ,d nk'kZfud
vkoj.k dHkh ns nsrh gSaA og ykSfdd Hkkoukvksa dks ,slh 'kCnkoyh esa çLrqr djrh
gSa] ftuls muesa vk/;kfRedrk dk vkHkkl gksus yxrk gSA blls mudh dfork esa
jgL; Hkkouk dk lekos'k gks x;k gSA
oLrqr% egknsoh dh dforkvksa esa Hkh eqfä dh vkdka{kk gh i`"BHkwfe esa fo|eku gSA
ysfdu Nk;kokn ds vU; dfo;ksa ls fHkUu os eqfä dh bPNk dks lh/ks O;ä ugha
djrhaA bldk dkj.k laHkor% mudk L=h gksuk gS] ftls cká nckoksa esa vf/kd thuk
iM+rk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd muesa vdsysiu vkSj osnuk nksuksa dh vfHkO;fä T;knk
gSA fç; ds çfr pkg] feyu dh vkdka{kk vkSj u fey ikus dh ihM+k gh egknsoh dh
dforkvksa dk Hkko&lalkj gSA ysfdu fç; dkSu gS vkSj D;k gS] ;g dgha Li"V ugha
gksrk] blh ls jgL;kRedrk dk lekos'k gqvk gSA mi;qZä xhr esa Hkh egknsoh th dk
fut nq[k gh O;ä gqvk gSA ysfdu og fut dk nq[k lalkj dh dY;k.k&dkeuk ls
Hkh çsfjr fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
egknsoh oekZ ds dkO; esa f'kYixr fofo/krk Hkh de gSA mudk >qdko xhrksa dh vksj
gh jgk gSA pwafd mudh ço`fÙk vareqZ[kh Hkkoukvksa dks O;ä djus dh vksj jgh gS]
vkSj ,slh Hkkouk,¡ xhrksa esa vf/kd rUe;rk vkSj rhozrk ls O;ä gks ldrh gSa]
blfy, mUgksaus xhrksa dh gh jpuk vf/kd dh gSA egknsoh ds xhrksa esa osnuk dh
xgjkbZ] vuqHkwfr dh l?kurk vkSj ân; dh rjyrk dk vkHkkl feyrk gSA xhrksa esa
ç—fr fp=.k djrs gq, ukjh ân; dh lqdqekjrk vkSj fojg&tU; osnuk dk vkHkkl
/kwfey ugha gksrkA
egknsohth dh Hkk"kk esa e/kqjrk gSA muds ;gk¡ çsekuqHkwfr vkSj fojgkuqHkwfr nksuksa dks
O;ä djus okys 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx gqvk gSA çse] fojg vkSj vdsysiu dh Hkkoukvksa dks
O;ä djus ds fy, og nhid] 'kyHk] pkrd] çkr%] la[;k] jtuh] ckny] iFk tSls
çrhdksa dk ç;ksx djrh gSaA bl –f"V ls muds çrhdksa esa tfVyrk ugha gS vkSj
muds ek/;e ls O;ä Hkko vklkuh ls [kqy tkrs gSaA ysfdu tc os çrhdksa dks
vk/;kfRed psruk ls tksM+rh gSa] rc Hkk"kk esa tfVyrk dk lekos'k gks tkrk gS vkSj
çrhd Hkh nq:g gks tkrs gSaA ^lqf/k esjs vkxe dh tx esa lq[k dh flgju gksa
varf[kyh^ tSlh iafä bldk çek.k gSA
mi;qZä dfork Hkh nks Lrjksa ij vFkZ O;ä djrh gSA ,d rks ç—fr fp= ds :i esaA
nwljs dof;=h dh futh ihM+k dh vfHkO;fä ds :i esaA bl nwljs vFkZ ij os jgL;
187
dk vkoj.k Hkh Mky nsrh gSaA ^Øanu esa vkgr fo'o g¡lk^ ds ek/;e ls os cnyh ds
dY;k.k&dk;Z dks ladsfrr djrh gSaA ;k ^f{kfrt Hk`dqfV ij f?kj /kwfey^ esa jgL;
Hkkouk dk vkHkkl gS rks nwljh vksj foLr`r uHk dk dksbZ dksuk@esjk u dHkh viuk
gksuk^ tSlh iafä;k¡ Lo;a mudh viuh ihM+k dks O;ä djrh gSAa
egknsoh ds xhrksa esa ç—fr&lkSan;Z dh vn~Hkqr NVk gSA ç—fr dk ;gh og oSfo/;
muds ;gk¡ ugha gS tks fujkyk vkSj lqfe=kuanu iar ds ;gk¡ gS] ysfdu muds ç—fr
ds fp=ksa esa lkSan;Z vkSj ek/kq;Z nksuksa gSA jgL;oknh vkxzg ds dkj.k mudh dforkvksa
esa ,sls çrhdksa dk Hkh ç;ksx gqvk gS ftuls fcacksa esa ç—fr dh fojkVrk dk Hkh cks/k
gksrk gSA ç—fr ds ekuohdj.k dh ço`fÙk muesa cgqr vf/kd gSA ;g iwjk xhr
ekuohdj.k dk mnkgj.k gSA
egknsoh oekZ dh dfork esa ;|fi ukjh ân; dh ihM+k gh vf/kd O;ä gqbZ gS]
ysfdu mlesa O;ä vuqHkwfr dh lPpkbZ vkSj rhozrk us mls vR;ar laosnuh; cuk
fn;k gSA egknsoh th ds xhrksa esa O;ä ukjh ân; dh ihM+k feF;k ;k jgL;oknh
ugha gSA mlesa vius thou dk lPpkbZ gSA cká nckoksa ds chp ân; dh eqfä dh
bPNk dks ftu çrhdksa vkSj :iksa esa ukjh O;ä djrh gS] 'kk;n ogh i)fr egknsoh
ds xhrksa esa Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA Lora=rk vkanksyu ds nkSj esa ukjh tkfr esa tks eqfä
dh NViVkgV çdV gks jgh Fkh] mldk vkHkkl ge muds xhrksa esa ns[k ldrs gSaA
egknsoh th ds xhrksa dks gesa blh lanHkZ esa le>us dk ç;kl djuk pkfg,A
egknsoh oekZ dk mi;qZä xhr vR;ar çHkko'kkyh gSA xhr ds dfBu 'kCnksa ds vFkZ
lkFk gh ns fn, x, gSa rFkk xhr ds Hkko vkSj f'kYi dh fo'ks"krk,¡ mi;qZä fo'ys"k.k
esa Li"V dh tk pqdh gSaA bl vk/kkj ij vki Lo;a dfork dks le>us dh dksf'k'k
dhft,A
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa dk mÙkj nhft,A

15½ egknsoh th ds xhrksa dh dsaæh; fo'ks"krk ,d iafä esa crkb,A
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16½ egknsoh th ds dkO; esa O;ä jgL; Hkkouk dk vFkZ rhu iafä;ksa esa Li"V
dhft,A
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17½ egknsoh th dh dkO;&Hkk"kk dh nks fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
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188 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vkius bl bdkbZ dk v/;;u /;kuiwoZd fd;k gksxkA bl bdkbZ esa geus
fuEufyf[kr fcanqvksa dh ppkZ dh Fkh &
• lkfgR; dh ,d çeq[k fo/kk] dfork ls vkidk ifjp; djk;k x;k gS vkSj
fganh ds ik¡p çfrfuf/k dfo;ksa dh dqN dforkvksa dk okpu fd;k x;k gSA
blls vkidks fganh dkO; dk laf{kIr ifjp; çkIr gqvk gSA vc vki ifBr
dfo;ksa dh dkO; ço`fÙk;ksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crk ldrs gSaA
• ifBr dfo;ksa dk ftu dkO;&/kkjkvksa ls laca/k Fkk] mudh fo'ks"krkvksa dk Hkh
bdkbZ esa mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA vc vki Hkfä dkO;] f}osnh&;qxhu dkO; vkSj
Nk;kokn dh çeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ crk ldrs gSaA
• ifBr dfo lwjnkl] rqylhnkl] eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr] lw;Zdkar f=ikBh fujkyk ,oa
egknsoh oekZ ds dkO; ds fofHkUu i{kksa dk laf{kIr fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSA vc
vki Lo;a la{ksi esa bu dfo;ksa dh dkO;xr fo'ks"krk,¡ crk ldrs gSaA
• mi;Zä dfo;ksa dh ifBr dforkvksa dh O;k[;k dj ldrs gSa ,oa mudh
fo'ks"krk,¡ crk ldrs gSaA
lkdsr] A
f=os.kh]
vk/kqfud fganh dfork] jktdey izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyhA
vk/kqfud lkfgR; dh izo`fÙk;k¡] yksdHkkjrh izdk'ku] bykgkcknA
1½ d½ lwjnkl ds in dh iafDr % ¼bZ'oj dh Ñik ls½ cgjk O;fDr lqu ldrk

gS vkSj xw¡xk iqu% cksyuk 'kq: dj ldrk gSA x+jhc vkneh Hkh flj ij
N= /kkj.k djds ¼jktk dh rjg½ py ldrk gS vFkkZr~ xjhc Hkh jktk
cu ldrk gSA
[k½ lwjnkl dk in % lwjnkl dgrs gSa fd ckyd Ñ".k ftuds xky lqanj
gSa vkSj vk¡[ksa ppay gSa] mUgksaus flj ij xksjkspu dk fryd yxk j[kk
gSA
x½ lwjnkl dk in % lwjnkl th dgrs gSa f dos /kU; gSa ftUgsa bl ,d
iy dk lq[k dh izkfIr gqbZ gSA blds fcuk lkS dYi rd thuk Hkh
fujFkZd gSA
2½ d½ lwjnkl iafDr;ksa esa vuqizkl dh NVk gSA vuqizkl vyadkj ogk¡ gksrk gS
tgk¡ o.kZ ¼v{kj½ dh vko`fÙk gksrh gSA bu iafDr;ksa esa Ñ".k ds cky
lkSan;Z dk vR;ar euksje fp= izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
189
[k½ bl iafDr esa lwjnkl us m)o dh euksn'kk dk fp=.k vR;ar LokHkkfod
<ax ls fd;k gSA ^Bxk&lk jguk* eqgkojk gS vkSj êfr uklh* dgus esa
m)o dh ekufld fLFkfr dk ladsr feyrk gSA
3½ vius dkO;kn'kZ ij izdk'k Mkyrs gq, rqylhnkl us dgk gS fd ;'k] dkO;
vkSj ,s'o;Z ogh Hkyk gksrk gS tks xaxk dh Hkk¡fr lcds fy, leku :i ls
dY;k.kdkjh gksA
4½ ;g iafDr;k¡ lw;Zdkar f=ikBh ^fujkyk* dh dfork ^rksM+rh iRFkj* ls m)`r gSaA
bl dfork esa iRFkj rksM+rh ,d et+nfw ju dk fp= gSA fujkyk dgrs gSa fd
og iRFkj rksM+us okyh L=h tgk¡ cSBh gS ogk¡ dksbZ Nk;k nsus okyk isM+ Hkh
ugha gS ysfdu og fLFkfr dks Lohdkj fd, cSBh gSA mldk jax ;|fi lk¡oyk
gS] ysfdu iw.kZ ;qok gSA mlesa pkapY; ugha gSA og vk¡[ksa >qdk, iwjh yxu ls
vius fiz; deZ dks djus esa O;Lr gS] mlds gkFk esa Hkkjh gFkkSM+k gS] ftlls
og ckj&ckj iRFkjksa ij izgkj dj jgh gSA mlds lkeus isM+ksa dh drkj esa
f?kjh HkO; bekjr gSA ;gk¡ dfo nks fojks/kh fLFkfr;ksa dk fp=.k djrk gSA ,d
vksj /kwi esa cSBh iRFkj rksM+rh L=h gS rks nwljh vksj isM+ksa dh drkj ds chp
HkO; vV~Vkfydk gSA bl HkO; vV~Vkfydk ¼tks ;gk¡ 'kks"kd oxZ dh laiUurk
dk izrhd gS½ ij gh tSls og et+nwfju gFkkSMs+ }kjk ckj&ckj izgkj dj jgh
gSA
5½ xhrkRedrk vkSj leqfpr vyadkj fo/kku lwjnkl dh 'kSyh laca/kh nks izeq[k
fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaA
1½ d½ HkfDr [k½ fuxqZ.k ekxZ x½ izseekxhZ dkO;

2½ HkDr tc bZ'oj ds izfr viuh nhurk vfHkO;Dr djrk gS vkSj muls Ñik dh
vkdka{kk djrk gS rks mls nSU; HkfDr dgrs gSaA
3½ lwjnkl dk mn~ns'; Ñ".k dh yhykvksa dk xk;u dj viuh HkfDr dks O;Dr
djuk FkkA muds dkO; esa Ñ".k dk ,slk :I mHkjrk gS tks viuh yhykvksa ls
yksd&jatu djrk gSA
4½ d½ cztHkk"kk
[k½ Hkk"kk esa yksd&rRo
5½ ?k½
6½ d½
7½ ?k½
8½ d½ rqylhnkl dk ekuuk Fkk fd jke ijczã Fks] ftUgksaus /keZ dh j{kk vkSj
vlqjksa dk uk'k djus ds fy, uj :i esa vorkj fy;k FkkA
[k½ rqylhnkl ds vuqlkj jkejkT; esa fdlh dks dksbZ 'kkjhfjd vkSj HkkSfrd
d"V ugha FkkA lHkh vius&vius dk;Z djrs Fks vkSj lq[k ls jgrs FksA
x½ fo"k;kuqdwy rFkk pfj=ksa vkSj çlaxksa ds vuqlkj Hkk"kkA
?k½ yacs lkax:id ds dq'ky ç;ksx ds dkj.k rqylhnkl dks :id&lezkV
dgk tkrk gSA
190
9½ ?k½
10½ x½
11½ d½ xqIrth yksxksa esa jk"Vªh; çse vkSj viuh ijaijk ds çfr xkSjo dh Hkkouk
mRiUu djuk pkgrs FksA os vrhr dh egku miyfC/k;ksa ij xoZ djrs Fks]
ysfdu lekt esa O;kIr cqjkb;ksa ds dVq vkykspd Hkh FksA
[k½ y{e.k dh iRuh mfeZyk dk R;kx lhrk ls bl vFkZ esa vf/kd Js"B Fkk
D;ksafd ou ds d"Vksa ds ckotwn lhrk vius ifr ds lkFk Fkh] tcfd
mfeZyk vius ifr ls nwj pkSng lky fojg esa tyrh jgh vkSj viuh
osnuk pqipki lgrh jghA
x½ [kM+h cksyh fganh dh lgtrk vkSj LokHkkfodrkA Hkk"kk esa O;kogkfjdrk ds
ncko ds dkj.k dykRed lkSan;Z dk vHkkoA
12½ d½
13½ [k½
14½ d½ eqä Nan esa dkO;&jpuk
[k½ fcackRedrk
15½ egknsoh th ds xhrksa esa fut eu dh ihM+k O;ä gqbZ gSA
16½ fç; ds çfr pkg] feyu dh vkdka{kk vkSj u fey ikus dh ihM+k egknsoh ds
dkO; dk Hkko&lalkj gS] ysfdu egknsoh th ;g ugha crkrha fd ;g ^fç;*
dkSu gSA og fç; vkSj çse nksuksa ij vk/;kfRedrk dk >huk vkoj.k Mky
nsrh gSaA blh :i esa mudh jgL; Hkkouk O;ä gqbZ gSA
17½ egknsohth dh Hkk"kk esa ek/kq;Z gSA 'kCnksa esa dkseyrk vkSj laxhrkRedrk gSA
ç—fr ds çrhdksa dk ç;ksx vf/kd gSA
;gk¡ bl [kaM ds dqN dfBu 'kCnksa ds vFkZ fn, x, gSaA

vad] ukVd ds [kaM dks dgrs gSa ftuesa dbZ –'; gks
ldrs gSaA ukVddkj dFkk dh vko';drkuqlkj] ukVd dks
,d ls vf/kd vadksa esa foHkkftr djrk gSA bls gh
vad&foHkktu dgrs gSaA
Hkhrjh fojks/kA lekt esa dbZ oxZ gksrs gSaA bu oxksaZ dk
ikjLifjd fojks/k lkekftd varfoZjks/k dgyk,xkA lekt
esa bl –f"V ls dbZ gks ldrs gSaA lekt ds nks çeq[k oxksaZ
ds ikjLifjd fojks/k dks lekt dk eq[; varfoZjks/k dgk
tkrk gSA
Hkkjrh; n'kZu dk ,d fl)karA v}Srokn ds vuqlkj
dsoy bZ'oj gh lR; gS] 'ks"k lc feF;k gSA vk|
'kadjkpk;Z dks bl fl)kar dk ç.ksrk ekuk tkrk gSA
191
;g ,d vyadkj gSA blesa tks çlax dk fo"k; ugha gksrk
,sls vFkZ ls] og vFkZ fudyrk gS tks çlax dk fo"k; gksrk
gSA
mPp dqy esa mRiUuA
bl ckr esa fo'okl djuk fd bZ'oj euq"; :i /kkj.k
djrk gSA tSls] jke vkSj —".k dks bZ'oj dk vorkj
ekuukA
lkfgR; esa ;FkkFkZ dh ctk; vkn'kksaZ dks çeq[krk nsuk
vkn'kZokn dgykrk gSA
vk;ksaZ dk ns'k] HkkjrA
ftlds dkj.k dkO; dh 'kksHkk c<+rh gSA
vyadkj ls ;qäA
vyadkj dk ,d çdkjA tc ,d oLrq esa nwljh oLrq dh
laHkkouk dh tk, rks ogk¡ mRçs{kk vyadkj gksrk gSA
dksbZ çfl) oLrq ftlds leku ml oLrq dks crk;k tk,]
ftldh miek nsuh gksA
Nan dk ,d çdkjA ;g okf.kZd Nan gS vkSj blesa çR;sd
pj.k esa 31 o.kZ gksrs gSaA
Kku dk og {ks= ftlesa dkO; ds fofHkUu i{kksa dk v/;;u
fd;k tkrk gSA
,slh ckr ftlds lgh gksus dk dksbZ çek.k u gks ysfdu
ftls lekt esa çpkj fey x;k gksA
nq"V ç—fr dk og ik= ftldk uk;d ls lh/kk Vdjko
gksA
Hkkjr o"kZ dk ,d çkphu tuinA is'kkoj ls da/kkj rd
dk çns'kA ;g {ks= vc ikfdLrku vkSj vQxkfuLrku esa
gSA
,d çdkj dk NanA ;g ekf=d Nan gS vkSj blds nks
pj.k gksrs gSa vkSj çR;sd pj.k esa 16&16 ek=k,¡ gksrh gSAa
Nan ;qä jpuk dks i| ;k dkO; dgk tkrk gSA i| ;k
Nankse;h jpuk vusd pj.kksa esa foHkä gksrh gS vkSj çR;sd
pj.k esa o.kksaZ ¼v{kjksa½ ;k ek=kvksa dh ,d fuf'pr la[;k
gksrh gSA
og i| jpuk tks fdlh Nan ls ca/kh u gksA
og i| japuk tks fdlh Nan ;k Nanksa ls ca/kh gksA
laL—r Hkk"kk ds 'kCn tks fganh esa mlh :i esa ç;qä gksrs
gSaA
laL—r Hkk"kk ds os 'kCn tks fganh esa fHkUu :i esa ç;qä
192 gksrs gSaA
ns'k ls mRiUuA ;gk¡ rkRi;Z mu 'kCnksa ls gS tks fdlh
{ks=&fo'ks"k esa ç;qä gksrs gksa vkSj os ogk¡ dh yksdHkk"kk ds
vius 'kCn gksrs gSaA
ukVd ds vadksa ds os foHkktu ftlesa ukVd dh
dFkk&oLrq esa LFkku] le; ;k dk;Z&O;kikj dh –f"V ls
ifjorZu gksus ls inkZ fxjkdj varjky nsuk iM+rk gSA bUgsa
gh –'; dgrs gSaA ukVd esa fofHkUu –';ksa dks eap ij
çLrqr djus ds fy, dh tkus okyh rS;kjh –';&;kstuk
dgh tkrh gSA
ekf=d Nan dk ,d çdkjA blesa pkj pj.k gksrs gSa vkSj
blds fo"ke pj.k esa 13 ek=k,¡ vkSj le pj.k esa 11
ek=k,¡ gksrh gSaA
vkpk;Z egkohj çlkn f}osnh ds uke ls tkuk tkus okyk
vk/kqfud fganh lkfgR; dk og ;qx tc f}osnh th
ljLorh dk laiknu dj jgs FksA fganh lkfgR; ds bfrgkl
esa ;g le; yxHkx 1900 ls 1920 ds chp ekuk tkrk
gSA
ukn dk vFkZ o.kZ ;k 'kCn dh /ofu ls gSA oxksaZ ds fo'ks"k
<ax ls mPpkj.k djus ls tks lkSan;Z mRiUu gksrk gS] mls
ukn lkSan;Z dgrs gSaA
ik¡p ufn;ksa okyk ns'k] vFkkZr~ iatkcA
nks"k nwj fd;k gqvkA
ftldks çekf.kr ;k Li"V fd;k tk,A ;gk¡ ij mn~ns';
ls rkRi;Z gSA
fdlh oLrq ;k fo"k; dks fdlh vU; oLrq ;k fo"k; ds
:i esa o.kZu djuk ;k ekuukA
'kCnksa }kjk fdlh oLrq] –'; ;k Hkko dk çfr:i fufeZr
djukA
Hkwr laca/kh vFkkZr~ txr ds fofHkUu i{kksa ds laca/k esaA
Hkkjr o"kZ dk ,d çkphu tuin vkSj orZeku fcgkj
jkT;A
e/; çns'k dk ,d {ks=A
,slk O;fä tks le; esa vkewy ifjorZu dj nsA
dkO; ¼dfork] dgkuh] miU;kl] ukVd vkfn½ ds
i<+us&lquus ;k mldk vfHku; ns[kus ls tks vkuan vkrk
gS] mls jl dgrs gSaA
,d vyadkjA tc ,d oLrq ij nwljh oLrq dk vkjksi
fd;k tk, rks ogk¡ :id vyadkj gksrk gSA
'kCn dk vFkZ çdV djus dh 'kfä dks 'kCn&'kfä dgrs
gSaA bld rhu Hksn gksrs gSaA vfHk/kk] y{k.kk vkSj O;atuk
193
tgk¡ 'kCn dk yksd çfl) vFkZ fy;k tk, ogk¡ vfHk/kk
'kfä gksrh gSA tgk¡ 'kCn dk dksbZ vU; vFkZ fy;k tk,
ogk¡ y{k.kk gksrh gSA tgk¡ vfHk/kk vkSj y{k.kk ls ijs ,d
rhljs vFkZ dh çrhfr gks mls O;atuk dgrs gSaA
[ksy] bZ'oj ds os dk;Z ftUgsa euq"; ugha le> ldrkA
yksd ¼tu½ ls lacaf/kr i{kA
lkekU; turk }kjk ç;qä Hkk"kkA
lekt dbZ oxksaZ ¼pfj=ksa½ esa c¡Vk gSA çR;sd oxZ dh viuh
fof'k"V igpku gksrh gSA jpuk dk dksbZ ik= fdlh
oxZ&fo'ks"k dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk çfrfuf/kRo djrk gks rks og
oxhZ;&pfj= dgk tk,xkA
pkj o.kksaZ ¼czkã.k] {kf=;] oS'; vkSj 'kwæ½ vkSj pkj vkJeksa
¼czãp;Z] x`gLFk] ouokl ,oa laU;kl½ dh fganw /keZ
vk/kkfjr O;oLFkkA
f'kf{kr efgykA
dgkuh] miU;kl] ukVd] dfork vkfn lkfgR; ds fofHkUu
:i lkfgR; dh fofHkUu fo/kk,¡ gSaA
dksbZ dke djus ;k u djus dk 'kkL=h; funsZ'kA
og 'kCn&'kfä ftlesa 'kCn ds okP;kFkZ vkSj yk{kf.kd vFkZ
ls ijs ,d rhljs vFkZ dh çrhfr gksA tSls ik¡p ct x;kA
'kkafr] nwj djukA
pfj=
lkfgR; dh fdlh jpuk dh vfHkO;fä dk fo'ks"k <axA
L=h&iq#"k ls lacaf/kr Hkkoukvksa dh vfHkO;fäA
ik'pkR; ukVî 'kSyh ds vuqlkj ukVd esa le;] LFkku
vkSj dk;Z dh ,drk gksuh pkfg,A vFkkZr~ ukVd esa le;
dk foLrkj bruk ugha gksuk pkfg, fd ukVd vLokHkkfod
yxsA LFkku bruk gh foLr`r gks tks eap ds vkdkj ds
vuqlkj LokHkkfod yxsA dk;Z&O;kikj esa ijLij ,drk
vkSj laxfr gksA ;g ladyu =; dgykrk gSA
tks fdlh rjg ds HksnHkko esa fo'okl u djrk gks rFkk
lHkh euq";ksa dks leku le>rk gksA
okf.kZd Nan dk ,d çdkjA
vyadkj ds 'kCn vkSj vFkZ dh –f"V ls nks Hksn fd,
tkrs gSaA tgk¡ 'kCn esa vyadkj gks] 'kCnkyadkj vkSj tgk¡
'kCn ds vFkZ esa vyadkj gks vFkkZyd a kj dgrs gSaA
lk–';ewyd vFkkZyadkj esa ,d oLrq vkSj nwljh oLrq esa
lk–'; ¼lekurk½ fn[kk;k tkrk gSA miek] :id] mRçs{kk
vkfn lk–';ewyd vyadkj gSaA
194

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BHDLA-138

bafnjk xka/kh jk"Vªh; eqä fo'ofo|ky;

izks- lR;dke izks- lR;dke

MkW- v#.k dqekj ik.Ms;

Jh fryd jkt Jh ;'kiky

çLrqr bdkbZ esa vki dgkuh ds fofHkUu i{kksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡ tkusaxsA

f}osnh] gtkjh çlkn % lkfgR; lgpj] yksdHkkjrh çdk'ku] bykgkcknA

38 oS".ko us iwNk] ^D;k\^

fuca/k dh varoZLrq vkSj mlds 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk ds ifjp; ds ek/;e ls vkius

bl bdkbZ dk v/;;u vkius dj fy;k gSA vc vki fuEufyf[kr rF;ksa dks

M‚-lat; 'kekZ % O;aX;dkj gfj'kadj ijlkbZ dh lkekftd çfrc)rk] bZ'kku

bl bdkbZ esa ge fganh ds ,d egRoiw.kZ ukVddkj eksgu jkds'k ds ,dkadh ^cgqr

,dkadh % cgqr cM+k loky

diwj % feV dSls x;k\

vkidks ^iwl dh jkr^ dgkuh vkSj ,d O;aX; fuca/k ds }kjk pfj=&fo'ys"k.k ds

vc rd vkius ,d dgkuh vkSj ,d fuca/k ds ek/;e ls jpuk&;qxhu ifjos'k ds

,dkadh dk çk.k gS] mlesa lgt&LokHkkfod laoknksa dh ;kstukA bl ,dkadh esa

geus igys gh bl rF; dh vksj vkidk /;ku vk—"V fd;k gS fd egknsoh th ,d

vc ge çLrqr fuca/k ds lajpuk&f'kYi ij fopkj djus tk jgs gSaA dgkuh]

ys[kdh; O;fäRo dh vfHkO;fä ds lanHkZ esa geus egknsoh dh fuca/k&'kSyh ij la{ksi

lkis{k % ,d&nwljs ij fuHkZj] ijLij fuHkZjA

1½ Hkkjrh; ukjh us vius fy, fu/kkZfjr fl)karksa&vkn'kksaZ ds O;kogkfjd egRo dks

vkRedFkk fganh lkfgR; ds laLej.k] thouh] dFkk&lkfgR; ls fHkUu ,d Lora= vkSj

vkRedFkk jpukdkj ds pfj= dk ,d çkekf.kd nLrkost gksrh gSA ysfdu blds

lkfgR; dh ,d fo/kk ds :i esa vkRedFkk ds lajpuk&f'kYi dk dykRed gksuk

dfork] dgkuh] miU;kl] fuca/k vkfn dh rjg vkRedFkk dk Hkh ,d fuf'pr

rxk % R;kxh ¼tkfrlwpd½

Jh jkt fd'kksj ¼lEiknd½ % gfjtu ls nfyr] ok.kh izdk'ku] fnYyh

xksLokeh rqylhnkl dh [;kfr dk vk/kkj gS] jkepfjr ekulA

^fou; if=dk^ dh jpuk rqylhnkl us ,d çkFkZuk&i= ;k vthZ ds :i esa dh gSA

vkius rqylhnkl ds dkO; dk v/;;u fd;k gSA vc vki fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa dk

vk/kqfud fganh dkO; dh 'kq#vkr 19oha lnh ds vafre

Jh eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr dk egkdkO; ^lkdsr^ mudh çfl) jpuk gSA xqIrth us

Jh eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr us [kM+h cksyh dks ml le; dkO;&Hkk"kk ds :i esa ç;qä

fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa dk mÙkj nhft,A

1½ d½ lwjnkl ds in dh iafDr % ¼bZ'oj dh Ñik ls½ cgjk O;fDr lqu ldrk

1½ d½ HkfDr [k½ fuxqZ.k ekxZ x½ izseekxhZ dkO;

;gk¡ bl [kaM ds dqN dfBu 'kCnksa ds vFkZ fn, x, gSaA

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