1.What is the last organ that air has to pass through prior to entering the trachea?

A. Mouth
B. Pharynx
C. Larynx
D. Nose

2.What is the inferior region of the pharynx called?

A. Laryngopharynx
B. Hypopharynx
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

3.In a responsive patient, what is the best way to evaluate the patency of the airway?

A. Has a normal pulse

B. Can talk clearly or cry
C. Has normal skin color
D. Has normal skin temperature

4.When assessing a pediatric patient, which of the following signs is (are) associated with a partial airway
obstruction with air exchange?

A. Cyanosis
B. Stridor
C. A weak, ineffective cough
D. All of the above

5.The child with epiglottitis is frequently sitting upright and leaning forward, resting the hands on the
knees with arms extended downward. This position is called:

A. Tripod position
B. Semi-Fowler's position
C. Fowler's position
D. Recumbent position

6.Your patient is complaining that the air coming into their airway is cold. What organ is letting her
down?

A. Larynx
B. Nose
C. Turbinates’
D. Pharynx

7.What is the middle region of the pharynx called?

A. Nasopharynx
B. Laryngopharynx
 C. Hypopharynx
D. Oropharynx

8.What is the right term for the following: Air moves into the lungs when the alveolar pressure is lower
than atmospheric pressure and moves out Of the lungs when the alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric
pressure?

A. Esophageal intubation
B. Vocal cord disruption
C. The pulmonary ventilation process
D. None of the above

9.Which of the following most accurately describes the resting tidal volume of an adultat rest?

A. 500mL
B. 1000mL
C. 2000mL
D. 600

10.What can cause the vocal cords to become inflamed, but not interrupt airflow to the lungs?

A. Asthma
B. Laryngitis
C. Vocal cord trauma
D. Epiglottitis

11.Which of the following is the method for opening the airway of a patient with no suspected spinal
injury?

A. Tongue pull
B. Head tilt/chin lift
C. Head tilt/neck lift
D. Modified jaw thrust

12.What would be considered a normal respiratory rate for an adult?

A. 10
B. 26
C. 15
D. 6

13.As with the adult, what is the preferred method for opening the airway of a pediatric trauma patient?

A. Chin pull
B. Head-tilt/chin-lift
 C. Head-tilt/neck-lift
D. Jaw thrust

14.When ventilating an infant, special care should be taken not to over-ventilate due to the infants
susceptibility to: ?

A. pulmonary contusions
B. Hemothorax
C. Gastric distention
D. Pneumothorax

15.What can too much pressure when ventilating a patient cause?

A. Ruptured throat
B. Ruptured vocal cords
C. Stomach distention
D. Bleeding lips

16.To be certain of proper sizing, the nasopharyngeal airway should measure from the tip of the nose to
the: ?

A. Larynx
B. Cheekbone
C. Middle Of the ear
D. Angle Of the jaw

17.For which of the following types of patients is airway obstruction a major concern?

A. One who is bleeding from the forearm

B. One who has broken several ribs
C. One who is unresponsive
D. One who is a child

18.High concentration oxygen for children older than one year that have suffered traumatic injuries: ?

A. Is never needed
B. Is appropriate if needed
C. May cause blindness
D. Is contraindicated

19.While performing positive pressure ventilations, adequate tidal volume is evaluated primarily on the
basis of: ?

A. pupil response
B. Skin color
C. Chest rise
D. None Of the above
20When the EMT-B encounters a patient with suspected spinal trauma, which of the following is the
preferred method of manual airway maneuvers.

A. Tongue pull
B. Heat-tilt/chin-lift
C. Head-tilt/neck-lift
D. Jaw thrust without head tilt

21.What injury could affect the pulmonary ventilation process ?

A. Vocal cord eruption

B. Diaphragmatic injury
C. Oral infection
D. All Of the above

22.Air passes several organs once taken in. What is the last entering the trachea?

A. Oropharynx
B. Epiglottis
C. Cricoid cartilage
D. Vocal cords

23.When oxygen enters the blood stream, What does it bind to?

A. T•cells
B. Blood cells
C. Hemoglobin
D. Carbon dioxide

24.The correct percentage of oxygen in atmospheric air is:

A. 15%
B. 21%
C. 25%
D. 50%

25What divides the upper and lower airway?

A. Throat
B. Trachea
C. Larynx
D. Esophagus

26.What are the visceral pleura most associated with ?

A. Heart
B. Lungs
C. Liver
D. Trachea

27.When air enters the pleural space between the visceral and parietal pleura, what has occurred?
 A. Complex pneumothorax
B. Simple closed pneumothorax
C. Complex closed pneumothorax
D. Simple open pneumothorax

28.The narrowest portion of the infant's upper airway is:

A. Cricoid cartilage
B. Thyroid cartilage
C. Trachea
D. Epiglottis Which of the following is the correct

29.Which of the following is the correct ventilation rate for a patient in respiratory arrest?

A. Every 3
B. Every 4 seconds
C. Every 5 seconds
D. Every 6 seconds

30.What temperature is air warmed to when passing through the nasal cavity?

A. 50Å
B. 37Å
C. 40Å
D. 30A

31.In infants and children; what does retraction of the skin, muscles, and other tissues around and
between the ribs and clavicle?

A. Adequate breathing
B. Normal breathing
C. Labored breathing
D. See-saw Breathing

32.Which of the following is the most common complication of excessive or forceful ventilation?

A. Air embolism
B. Oxygen toxicity
C. Gastric distention
D. Gastric distention

33.What is the most superior region of the pharynx called?

A. Oropharynx
B. Nasopharynx
C. Esophagus
D. Laryngopharynx

34.If the chest or abdominal wall only slightly expand during inhalation. What type of breathing would
this be considered ?
 A. Noisy breathing
B. Shallow breathing
C. Regular breathing
D. Labored breathing

35.What can cause subcutaneous emphysema?

A. Ripped liver
B. Ruptured Spleen
C. Fractured Larynx
D. Fractured Esophagus

36.At what rate does the Wright respirometer measure peak flow?

A. 2 LPM
B. 1 LPM
C. 3 LPM
D. 4 LPM

37.What practice maintains the head in a neutral position while moving the jaw forward?

A. Head tilt-chin lift

B. Jaw thrust
C. Airway adjunct
D. Chin lift

38.What would be a direct reflection of alveolar ventilation?

A. Oxygen in bloodstream
B. Carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

39.What structure connects the pharynx to the trachea?

A. Airway
B. Larynx
C. Throat Lining
D. Epiglottis

40.What process is taking place when the diaphragm contracts?

A. Inhalation
B. Exhalation
C. Cramps
D. None of the above

41.Poor muscle tone of what area may lead to an obstructed airway?

A. Mandible
B. Submandibular
 C. Zygote
D. None of the above

42.Where is the group of specialized olfactory cells that are responsible for the sense of smell located ?

A. Inferior nasopharynx
B. Olfactory sacs
C. Superior nasopharynx
D. Superior mid-olfactory sacs

43.What flow rate can deliver a 80-100% oxygen concentration when using a non-rebreather mask?

A. 8-10 LPM
B. 10-15 LPM
C. 12-15 LPM
D. 15-20 LPM

44.What type of lubricant should be used for the airway?

A. Oil-based
B. Water-based
C. Petroleum-based
D. Lubricant should never be used

45.What is the goal in adequately ventilating shock patients?

A. To induce the acidotic state

B. To reduce the acidotic state
C. To normalize the acidotic state
D. All of the above

46.What does the following expression equal: tidal volume x respiratory rate?

A. Respiratory Rate
B. Hour Volume
C. Rate per Minute
D. Minute Volume

47.In a healthy adult, what should the Pa02 be?

A. 60-100mmHg
B. 80-100mmHg
C. 85-11 OmmHg
D. Any of the above

48.What structure lies directly behind the cricoid cartilage?

A. Trachea
B. Epiglottis
C. Esophagus
D. Glottic opening
49.What is determined by how easily the lungs stretch?

A. Accommodation
B. Flexibility
C. Compliance
D. Extension

50.What causes respiratory alkalosis?

A. Hypertension
B. Hypotension
C. Hyperventilation
D. Hypoventilation

51.During respiration what is primarily transported throughout the body?

A. Pollutants from the body.

B. Solid waste products out of the body.
C. Nutrients to the blood cells.
D. Oxygen from the air to the blood.

52.When a patient is suffering from constriction of the bronchioles, what can be heard during
respirations?

A. Nothing
B. Wheezing
C. Gurgling
D. Snoring

53.Your patient is breathing fast and heavy to the point that they are hyperventilating. What will their
body not retain?

A. Oxygen
B. Carbon Dioxide
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

54.What single membrane appears to be a double membrane?

A. Pleura flexa
B. Pleura
C. Pleura membrane
D. Parietal pleura

55.What structure covers the glottic opening when swallowing?

A. Esophagus
B. Epiglottis
C. Trachea
D. None of the above
What process is a passive process that decreases the volume within the thoracic cavity?

A. Inhalation
B. Exhalation
C. Cramps
A. None of the above

What is the name of the outermost layer of the pleura?

A. Pleura flexa
B. Pleura
C. Pleura membrane
D. Parietal pleura

The levels of carbon dioxide in the blood stream are a direct reflection of what?

A. AVP Process
B. Alveolar ventilation
C. Pharyngeal Trapping
D. Lung membrane ventilation

Which item is leaf-shaped and is association with the vallecula?

A. Hyoid
B. Arytenoid
C. Epiglottis
D. Thyroid

What can heightened metabolic activity cause?

A. Frequent urination
B. Elevated C02
C. Lowered C02
D. Infrequent urination

What should be done before and after suctioning?

A. Blind finger sweep

B. Dental check
C. Hyperoxygenation
D. Continuation of suctioning

If you have a patient whose respirations increase then decrease and they also experience periods of
apnea, what is the correct medical term for this type of respiration?

A. Braxton-Hicks
B. Flail chest
C. Cheyne-Stokes
D. Sarbanes-Oxley
While assessing a patient's respiratory status you hear a harsh sound during inspiration. The correct term
for this is: ?

A. Rhonchi
B. Rales
C. Death rattle
D. Stridor

What divides the upper and lower airways?

A. Throat
B. Trachea
C. Larynx
D. Esophagus

What is the longest interval of time that a patient should be suctioned?

A. 30 seconds
B. 5 seconds
C. 1 5 seconds
D. 20 seconds

What should you measure to ensure that you select the proper length oropharyngeal airway for a
patient?

A. From the teeth to the bottom of their neck

B. From the nose to the tip of their earlobe
C. From the corner of the mouth to the tip of their earlobe
D. From the chin to the tip of their earlobe

All Of the descriptions below relate to the use of nasopharyngeal airways except one. Which statement
does not apply to the use of nasopharyngeal airways?

A. Nasopharyngeal airways are more appropriate than oropharyngeal airways when dealing with
patients who have a gag reflex.

B. Unlike oropharyngeal airways, nasopharyngeal tubes do not require the repositioning of a

patient's head or prying the patients mouth open.

C. Nasopharyngeal airways' diameter should

be sized to match the nostril opening (or patient's little finger diameter) and its length should be sized
from the patient's nose to the patient's earlobe.
 D. Nasopharyngeal airways are preferred alternatives to oropharyngeal airways when a patient has
injuries to the teeth, mouth, oral cavity, face, or head.

What is the dome-shaped muscle that causes the lungs to inflate during inhalation?

A. Maxilla
B. Diaphragm
C. Aorta
D. Alveolus

All Of the descriptions below are true Of the bag-valve mask (BVM) ventilation System except one.
Which statement does not apply to the use of a bag-valve mask system?

A. The BVM should be used after inserting either an oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway of
appropriate Size.
B. The BVM is a one-size-fits-all system once the appropriate oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal
airway system has been selected and inserted.
C. The BVM delivers atmospheric air,containing 21 % oxygen as compared to air exhaled form a
responder's lungs, which contains 10-16% oxygen.
D. The BVM can be attached to an oxygen supply to deliver oxygen concentration greater than
atmospheric oxygen levels Of 21%.

What is the name for the structure that is encompassed by the soft palate above and the epiglottis

below?

A. The pharynx
B. The nasopharynx
C. The larynx
D. The oropharynx

While administering artificial ventilations to a patient, you hear a gurgling sound. What should you
immediately do?

A. Transport the patient to the hospital.

B. Turn the patient on their left side.
C. Suction the patient.
D. Place the patient in the shock position.

If you are giving artificial ventilation to an adult, what is the correct rate?

A. 10 breaths per minute

B. 12 breaths per minute
C. 1 5 breaths per minute
D. 20 breaths per minute
All types of people are predisposed to all types of medical problems. What are tall, thin men between 20
and 40 years old predisposed to?

A. Thrombophlebitis
B. Bronchitis
C. Spontaneous pneumothorax
D. Ruptured spleen

You are assessing an unconscious patient and you suspect that they have an airway obstruction, what
would be the most common cause of airway obstruction?

A. Emesis
B. Broken teeth
C. Foreign body
D. The tongue

Air passes through several structures once taken in; what is the last structure before entering the
trachea?

A. Oropharynx
B. Epiglottis
C. Cricoid cartilage
D. Vocal cords

You find a patient to be breathing normally (rate of 18 per minute), clear airway, normal pulse (72 strong
and regular), normal blood pressure (120/82 mmHg), normal skin

condition, and blood glucose level of 5.1. You take a pulse oximetry reading to find that it is at 61%.
What do you do?

A. Administer oxygen at 1 5 liters per minute via non-rebreather

B. Assist respirations with a bag valve mask
C. Assume the pulse oximeter is incorrect
D. Transport to ER

What is the name for the leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea
during swallowing?

A. The larynx
B. The pharynx
C. The epiglottis
D. The uvula

For which of the following patients is airway obstruction a major concern?

A. One who is bleeding from the forearm

B. One who has broken several ribs
C. One who is unresponsive
D. A child
What is the third structure that air passes through before entering the trachea?

A. Oropharynx
B. Epiglottis
C. Cricoid cartilage
D. Glottic opening

What is the normal breathing rate for an adult?

A. 8-10 breaths per minute

B. 12-20 breaths per minute
C. 21-25 breaths per minute
D. 5-8 breaths per minute

All of the statements below apply to using suctioning systems to help maintain a clear airway except one.
Which statement about using suctioning systems to help maintain a clear airway is incorrect?

A. Only turn on the suctioning system once the suction tip is completely inserted

B. Continue suctioning system use while delivering ventilations to keep fluids clear of the airway

C. If high volumes of fluids are present, turn the patient on his/her side and then suction

D. Rotate the tip of the suctioning unit as it is

removed from the mouth, nose, or stoma Your patient is breathing fast and heavy, and she is
hyperventilating. What will her body retain?

A. Oxygen
B. Carbon Dioxide
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A and B

Certain patients display what is referred to as "pink puffers," or the polycythemia that occurs as an
excess of red blood cells are produced. What would these patients suffer from?

A. Asthma
B. Pneumonia
C. Sickle Cell Anemia
D. Emphysema

All of the statements below are true of treating patients who are hyperventilating except one. Which
statement is not true of treating patients who are hyperventilating?
A. Encourage the patient to slow his/her breathing rate

B. Watch for cyanosis or other signs of inadequate breathing

C. Monitor the patient for changes in vital signs

D. If the patient has a prescription for nitroglycerin, assist them with their

Which of the following are the only respiratory structures that allow exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide between blood and the environment?

A. Bronchioles
B. Alveoli
C. Trachea
D. Pharynx

All of the following are part of the respiratory system except one. Which of the following is not part of
the respiratory system?

A. Nose
B. Trachea
C. Lungs
D. Esophagus

What is the American Heart Association recommendation for the compression-to-ventilation ratio used
by all single rescuers for all victims from infants (not including newborns) through adults?

A. 1 5:02
B. 1 2:01
C. 30:02:00
D. 20:01

Which of the following will not interfere with the accuracy of a pulse oximeter?

A. Hypertension
B. Hypoperfusion
C. Carbon monoxide poisoning
D. Edema in the fingers

You are attempting to gather information from a patient, but he is having a hard time trying to
communicate because he was hit in the throat by a baseball bat, damaging his vocal chords. What is the
function of the vocal cords?

A. To produce sound
B. To regulate the passage of air into the trachea
 C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

Which of the following are common cause(s)

of a compromised airway?

A. The tongue
B. Burns
C. Trauma
D. All of the above

If no neck injury is suspected, what technique should be used to open a patient's airway?

A. Jaw thrust
B. Head-tilt-chin-lift
C. Tongue-jaw lift
D. Heimlich maneuver

What are the air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen from the lungs to the blood occurs
named?

A. Bronchioles
B. Alveoli
C. Trachea
D. Papules

What practice maintains the head in the neutral position while moving the jaw forward?

A. Head tilt-chin lift

B. Jaw thrust
C. Airway adjunct
D. Chin lift

Pulmonary embolism is caused by a blood clot or some other particle that lodges in the pulmonary
artery. What factor can make an individual predisposed to this condition?

A. Prolonged immobilization
B. Thrombophlebitis
C. Atrial fibrillation
D. All of the above

You are sitting at a restaurant and suddenly an adult patron is choking; what should you do?

A. Provide CPR.
B. Perform the Heimlich maneuver.
C. You are not on duty; do nothing.
D. None of the above
If you come across an infant less than 1 year of age who is conscious with a severe airway obstruction,
what technique should be used to clear their airway?

A. Blind Finger Sweeps

B. Back Blows or Chest Thrusts
C. Tongue-Jaw Lift
D. Heimlich Maneuver

When you arrive on the scene to treat a patient you notice that their nail beds and lips are starting to
turn blue. This condition is known as: ?

A. Cyanosis
B. Dysphagia
C. Cystitis
D. Tachypnea

Which of the following should you measure to ensure a patient receives the proper size nasopharyngeal
airway?

A. From the corner of the mouth to the tip of the earlobe

B. The diameter of their little finger
C. The entire length of the nose
D. None of the above

A leaf-shaped cartilage that prevents food or other obstructions from entering the upper airway during
swallowing is known as the: ?

A. Hyoid
B. Arytenoid
C. Epiglottis
D. Cricoid

Which respiratory structure is palpable just above the sternum?

A. Bronchiole
B. Trachea
C. Carina
D. Bronchus

Which of the following is the most common cause of airway obstruction?

A. Trauma to the airway

B. The tongue
C. Allergic reactions
D. Food

Narrowing of which of the following structures causes stridor?

 A. Lower airway
B. Upper airway
C. Alveoli
D. Bronchi

Effective tidal volume while providing positive pressure ventilation is evaluated primarily by which of the
following?

A. Mental state
B. Chest rise
C. Pupil response
D. Skin color

The preferred method for removing liquid secretions from a patient's airway in the field is by:

A. Portable suction
B. Abdominal thrusts
C. Finger sweeps
D. Back blows

The narrowest part of the adult upper airway is at the level of the: ?

A. Cricothyroid membrane
B. Hyoid bone
C. Vocal cords
D. Cricoid cartilage

What is the most appropriate treatment for someone in respiratory failure?

A. Positive pressure via a Jet Insufflator

B. Supplemental oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
C. Positive pressure ventilation with a bag-mask device
D. Supplemental oxygen via a simple face mask

Cyanosis reflects poor oxygen saturation of which of the following ?

E. White blood cells

F. Platelets
G. Hemoglobin
H. Plasma

Oxygen should always be provided at high concentration with pediatric patients and should be
humidified when possible. ?

A. TRUE
B. FALSE

Which of the following requires recharging every so often?

 A. An IV cannula
B. A bag valve mask
C. A pulse oximeter
D. An airway suction kit

When would it be necessary to humidify oxygen after it has been administered?

A. If the patient has a flail chest

B. If the patient is a long-term smoker
C. When paradoxical motion is present
D. When the patient has nasal airway problems

What is the body's goal(s) in mucus production?

A. All of the above

B. Pollen removal
C. Humidifying air
D. Dirt removal

What is the tidal volume in an average adult?

A. 600ml - 700ml of volume

B. 1000ml - 1200ml of volume
C. 400ml - 600ml of volume
D. 700 - 1000ml of volume

What is the percent oxygen provided by a simple face mask?

A. 40% - 50%
B. 20%-30%
C. 50%-60%
D. 30% - 40%

Which of the following structures is part of the respiratory system and digestive system?

A. Trachea
B. Oral pharynx
C. Turbinates
D. Nasal pharynx

How much oxygen is contained in normal atmospheric air?

A. 50% oxygen
B. 28% oxygen
C. 6% oxygen
D. 21 % oxygen

In medical patients with no suspected spinal injury, what is the airway maneuver of choice?
 A. Head tilt-neck lift
B. Head tilt-chin lift
C. Tongue pull
D. Jaw thrust without head tilt

Which of the following is a sign of adequate breathing?

A. The patient can speak in full sentences

B. The patient's respiratory rate is 6 per minute
C. The patient cannot speak in full sentences
D. The patient is cyanotic

Which of the following processes describes the movement of gases from an area of high concentration
to an area of low concentration?

A. Diffusion
B. Respiration
C. Transportation
D. Ventilation

Which of the following identifies the muscle(s) that separate the abdomen from the chest?

A. Intercostals
B. Abdominis Rectus
C. Diaphragm
D. None of the above

To avoid hypoxia, how long should a patient be suctioned?

A. Not more than 35 seconds

B. Not more than 1 5 seconds
C. Not more than 25 seconds
D. Not more than 5 seconds

Your patient is complaining that the air coming into their airway is cold. What organ is letting her down?

A. Larynx
B. Nose
C. Pharynx
D. Turbinates

What is the middle region of the pharynx called?

A. Oropharynx
B. Hypopharynx
C. Laryngopharynx
D. Nasopharynx

When oxygen enters the blood stream, what does it bind to?
 A. Blood cells
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Hemoglobin
D. T-cells

What injury could affect the pulmonary ventilation process?

A. All of the above

B. Vocal cord eruption
C. Diaphragmatic injury
D. Oral infection

The child with epiglottitis is frequently sitting upright and leaning forward, resting the hands on the
knees with arms extended downward. This position is called: ?

A. Tripod position
B. Semi-Fowler's position
C. Fowler's position
D. Recumbent position

While performing positive pressure ventilations, adequate tidal volume is evaluated primarily on the
basis of: ?

A. Chest rise
B. Skin color
C. None of the above
D. Pupil response

What is the last organ that air has to pass through prior to entering the trachea?

A. Larynx
B. Mouth
C. Pharynx
D. Nose

When ventilating an infant, special care should be taken not to over-ventilate due to the infant's
susceptibility to: ?

A. Pulmonary contusions
B. Hemothorax
C. Gastric distention
D. Pneumothorax

Which of the following is the correct ventilation rate for a patient in respiratory arrest?

A. Every 6 seconds
B. Every 5 seconds
C. Every 4 seconds
D. Every 3 seconds
In a responsive patient, what is the best way to evaluate the patency of the airway?

A. Has a normal pulse

B. Has normal skin temperature
C. Can talk clearly or cry
D. Has normal skin color

To be certain of proper sizing, the nasopharyngeal airway should measure from the tip of the nose to
the: ?

A. Angle of the jaw

B. Larynx
C. Cheekbone
D. Middle of the ear

High concentration oxygen for children older than one year that have suffered traumatic injuries: ?

A. May cause blindness

B. Is never needed
C. Is contraindicated
D. Is appropriate if needed

High concentration oxygen for children older than one year that have suffered traumatic injuries:

A. May cause blindness

B. Is never needed
C. Is contraindicated
D. Is appropriate if needed

For which of the following types of patients is airway obstruction a major concern?

A. One who has broken several ribs

B. One who is unresponsive
C. One who is a child
D. One who is bleeding from the forearm

What is the inferior region of the pharynx called?

A. Hypopharynx
B. Both A and B
C. Neither A nor B
D. Laryngopharynx

What can too much pressure when ventilating a patient cause?

A. Ruptured throat
B. Bleeding lips
 C. Stomach distention
D. Ruptured vocal cords

When the EMT-B encounters a patient with suspected spinal trauma, which of the following is the
preferred method of manual airway maneuvers. ?

A. Jaw thrust without head tilt

B. Tongue pull
C. Head-tilt/neck-lift
D. Heat-tilt/chin-lift

As with the adult, what is the preferred method for opening the airway of a pediatric trauma patient?

A. Head-tilt/chin-lift
B. Chin pull
C. Head-tilt/neck-lift
D. Jaw thrust

What divides the upper and lower airway?

A. Esophagus
B. Throat
C. Larynx
D. Trachea

Which of the following is the preferred method for opening the airway of a patient with no suspected
spinal injury?

A. Modified jaw thrust

B. Tongue pull
C. Head tilt/neck lift
D. Head tilt/chin lift

What is the right term for the following: Air moves into the lungs when the alveolar pressure is lower
than atmospheric pressure and moves out of the lungs when the alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric
pressure?

A. None of the above

B. Vocal cord disruption
C. The pulmonary ventilation process
D. Esophageal intubation

Which of the following is the most common complication of excessive or forceful ventilation?

A. Air embolism
B. Gastric distention
C. Gastric distention
D. Oxygen toxicity

What can cause the vocal cords to become inflamed, but not interrupt airflow to the lungs?
 A. Laryngitis
B. Epiglottitis
C. Vocal cord trauma
D. Asthma

What are the visceral pleura most associated with?

A. Lungs
B. Liver
C. Heart
D. Trachea

The narrowest portion of the infant's upper airway is: ?

A. Trachea
B. Epiglottis
C. Thyroid cartilage
D. Cricoid cartilage

What would be considered a normal respiratory rate for an adult?

A. 15
B. 6
C. 10
D. 26

Air passes several organs once taken in. What is the last before entering the trachea?

A. Cricoid cartilage
B. Epiglottis
C. Oropharynx
D. Vocal cords

When assessing a pediatric patient, which of the following signs is (are) associated with a partial airway
obstruction with poor air exchange?

A. Stridor
B. A weak, ineffective cough
C. All of the above
D. Cyanosis

Which of the following most accurately describes the resting tidal volume of an adult at rest?

A. 1000mL
B. 500mL
C. 2000mL
D. 600mL
A 28-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle accident. She is unresponsive and apneic. All
attempts at opening her airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver have failed. What is the most appropriate
next step?

A. Attempt mouth-to-mask ventilation

B. Ventilate her with a bag-valve mask and reservoir bag
C. Use the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver to open her airway
D. Insert two nasal airways and apply high-flow oxygen therapy

You are assessing a child's vital signs at a local elementary school. Which of the following would be
considered a normal set Of vitals for a healthy eight-year-old child?

A. Respirations 20 breaths per minute, pulse 98 beats per minute, blood pressure 104/73 mmHg
B. Respirations 16 breaths per minute, pulse 58 beats per minute, blood pressure 190/70 mmHg
C. Respirations 12 breaths per minute, pulse 130 beats per minute, blood pressure 100/72 mmHg
D. Respirations 35 breaths per minute, pulse 58 beats per minute, blood pressure 128/66 mmHg

During the initial assessment of a semiconscious patient's airway, snoring respirations are heard. What
do these respirations indicate?

A. Mucus or secretions in the larger airway

B. Constricted bronchi
C. Fluid in the upper airway
D. A partially obstructed airway

Which of the following happens during the inhalation phase of ventilation?

A. The diaphragm contracts and the intercostal muscles relax, enlarging the chest cavity.
B. The diaphragm relaxes, decreasing the chest cavity.
C. The diaphragm contracts, moving upward, forcing the lungs to expand.
D. The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract, enlarging the chest cavity.

Under what circumstances should a patient's dentures be removed in order to provide assisted
ventilation?

A. In every case
B. If an oropharyngeal airway is being placed
C. If severe head trauma has occurred
D. If the dentures are loose

Which of the following adventitious

lung sounds are associated with lower

airway problems?
( Select the 3 answer options which are correct. )

A. Rales
B. Stridor
C. Rhonchi
D. Wheezing

An adult trauma patient is unresponsive but breathing at a rate of 12 breaths per minute with snoring
respiration. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention?

A. Open the airway using a head-tilt/ chin-lift maneuver while maintaining in-line cervical spine
stabilization and apply a nasopharyngeal airway
B. Open the airway using a head-tilt/ chin-lift maneuver while maintaining in-line cervical spine
stabilization and apply a oropharyngeal airway
C. Open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver while maintaining in-line cervical spine
stabilization and provide assisted ventilation using a bag-valve mask
D. Open the airway using a head-tilt/ chin-lift maneuver while maintaining in-line cervical spine
stabilization and apply an oropharyngeal airway

What is the correct procedure for removing oral secretions from the oropharynx of a conscious patient
without visible foreign bodies and with no suspected C-spine injury?

A. Insert an oropharyngeal airway toensure a patent airway

B. Turn the patient's head to the side Open the mouth, insert the catheter and suction in a circular
motion during withdrawal

C. Continuously ventilate the patient to ensure appropriate oxygenation

D. Log-roll the patient to their side and clear the mouth carefully with a gloved finger

A responsive adult patient complaining of shortness of breath could benefit from oxygen delivered via a
non-rebreather mask, but they are unable to tolerate a mask on their face. What is the most appropriate
next step?

A. Use a nasal cannula with supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute
B. A simple oxygen mask at 15 liters per minute held 4 inches away from the patient's face.
C. Use a nasal cannula with supplemental oxygen flowing at six liters per minute
D. Avoid providing oxygen altogether

Which of the following is considered an early sign of hypoxia in an adult patient?

A. Weak, thready pulse

 B. Poor skin turgor
C. Cyanosis
D. Restlessness

What is the correct technique for performing the head-tilt/chin-lift, procedure on a patient with no
suspected spinal trauma?

A. Place the heel of one hand on the patient's forehead and apply firm backward pressure. Place the
fingertips of the alternate hand under the lower jaw and push the chin downward

B. Place the heel of one hand on the patient's forehead. Place the heel of the alternate hand under
the lower jaw and close the mouth but open the alrway.

C. Place the fingers of both hands behind the angles of the lower jaw and move the jaw upward with
the index and middle fingers while using the thumbs to help position the lower jaw

D. Place the heel of one hand on the patient's forehead and apply firm backward pressure. Place the
fingertips of the alternate hand under the lower jaw and lift the chin upward.

What structure does the airway divide into below the trachea?

A. The bronchioles
B. The alveoli
C. The bronchi
D. The lung

During a mass-casualty incident (MCI), you assess a patient Who is breathing fewer than 30 breaths per
minute-What is the next Step in management?

A. Apply a nasal cannula at 6 liters per minute

B. Move to the next patient
C. Apply a nan-rebreather mask at 15 liters per minute
D. Begin circulation and mental status observations
A 23-year•old female is lying on her back with vomitus around her. Her friends said she had a little too
much to drink, then vomited and passed out. Your partner asks you to roll the patient onto her side so
she wont aspirate.lf a patient aspirates vomitus, where does it go?

A. The esophagus
B. The stomach
C. The trachea
D. The lungs

A 6-year-old male has difficulty breathing. Upon arrival, you find the patient limp on the couch in
Obvious respiratory distress.What is a sign Of possible respiratory failure?

A. A breathing rate Of fewer than 8 breaths per minute

B. A breathing rate of fewer than 25 breaths per minute
C. A breathing rate of fewer than 20 breaths per minute
D. A breathing rate of fewer than 10 breaths per minute

An 8-month•old infant is unresponsive. The patient is apneic, With a rapid brachial pulse. There is no
trauma. The best way to open the airway is to ?

A. perform a jaw thrust.

B. perform a head-tilt, chin-lift.
C. hyperflex the head.
D. place a pad under the shoulders to achieve a neutral position.

Your patient is conscious and alert with difficulty breathing secondary to an exacerbation Of COPD. His
respiratory rate is 22, with a prolonged expiratory phase and pursed-lip breathing. A pulse oximeter
registers 84 percent. You should ?

A. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

B. withhold oxygen.
C. administer oxygen via blow•by mask
D. initiate CPAP

Administering excessive tidal volume with a bag- valve mask device can result in ?

A. decreased minute volume.

B. increased cardiac output
C. decreased preload.
D. hypertension,

Which of the following best indicates that a patient is in respiratory failure?

 A. Difficulty breathing
B. Stridor
C. Intercostal retractions
D. Shallow tidal volume

Your patient presents with labored respirations, peripheral cyanosis, and altered mental Status. You
should immediately ?

A. Suction the airway,

B. assist ventilations With a bag-valve mask.
C. administer Oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.
D. determine a pulse rate.

Your patient presents unconscious with slow, shallow, and snoring respirations and an intact gag reflex.
You should immediately ?

A. ventilate with a bag-valve mask.

B. insert an oropharyngeal airway.
C. suction the airway.
D. insert a nasopharyngeal airway.

A woman is injured after dousing a barbeque With lighter fluid. She is awake and alert, and has burns to
her face and chest. You can hear audible stridor when she breathes. You should first ?

A. suction the airway.

B. administer oxygen Via a nonrebreather mask.
C. insert a nasopharyngeal airway,
D. cover the burns With a Sterile burn Sheet,

Your patient presents with slow, shallow, and gurgling respirations. You should immediately ?

A. ventilate with a bag-valve mask.

B. insert a nasopharyngeal airway.
C. listen to lung sounds.
D. suction his airway.

Your patient is unconscious and is breathing 4 times a minute. She gags after you insert an
oropharyngeal airway. You should immediately ?

A. insert a nasopharyngeal airway.

B. ventilate with a bag mask.
C. hold it in place.
D. Remove the oropharyngeal airway
Which of the following terms best describes a patient who has an adequate tidal volume and respiratory
rate but is using her accessory muscles and is diaphoretic?

A. Respiratory failure
B. Apneic
C. Respiratory distress
D. Respiratory arrest

You are ventilating a patient in respiratory failurewith a bag-valve mask when you notice that his
abdomen is becoming distended. You should ?

A. increase the oxygen concentration.

B. decrease the ventilation pressure.
C. decrease the ventilatory rate.
D. increase tidal volume.

A 34-year-old male presents supine on the ground after falling 30 feet off a roof. Your primary
assessment reveals that he is not breathing and has a slow, regular, and strong radial pulse. You should
immediately ?

A. instruct your partner to manually stabilize the patient's cervical spine.

B. perform full spinal immobilization.
C. insert an oropharyngeal airway.
D. administer ventilations with a bag-valve- mask device.

You are ventilating a patient with a bag valve mask. An oropharyngeal airway is in place, and you are

performing a head tilt-chin lift. You notice that ventilating is becoming harder. You should ?

A. lay the patient on her left side.

B. increase the oxygen flow rate.
C. suction the airway.
D. perform another head tilt-chin lift.

For which of the following patients would a.nonrebreather mask be most appropriate?

A. Altered patient actively vomiting and breathing 20 times a minute.

B. Unconscious patient breathing 12 times a minute with adequate tidal volume.
C. Conscious patient breathing 30 times a minute; breathing is shallow.
D. Patient breathing 4 times a minute with adequate tidal volume.

A patient presents with agonal breathing. While ventilating this patient with a bag-valve mask, you
should?

A. administer enough tidal volume to raise the chest 3 inches.

 B. give one breath every 5 seconds.
C. match his respiratory rate and "assist" ventilations.
D. give each breath over 2 seconds.

Your patient presents standing in a kitchen with stridorous respirations. A bystander reports that he is
choking on a piece Of meat. You should?

A. perform abdominal thrusts.

B. administer back blows.
C. perform a blind finger sweep.
D. encourage the patient to cough.

A patient has rapid, shallow respirations and speaks with a hoarse voice after being trapped in a house
fire. You should ?

A. administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.

B. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
C. Obtain a set Of vital signs.
D. suction the airway.

A 65-year-old female describes waking up from sleep because she says, "l felt like I was being smothered
while I was lying down." Lung auscultation reveals rales (crackles) to the bases bilaterally. Based on this
information, she is most likely suffering from ?

A. emphysema.
B. pneumonia.
C. pulmonary embolism.
D. acute pulmonary edema.

A patient presents conscious and alert with a respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute.You auscultate
crackles up to the middle lobes Of both lungs, and her skin is clammy with peripheral cyanosis. She has a
problem is to?

A. assist the patient with her metered-dose inhaler.

B. administer continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
C. administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.
D. initiate bag-valve-mask ventilation.

Why is it important to not overventilate a patientsuffering from respiratory failure secondary to asthma?

A. Air trapping can result in decreased preload.

B. Decreased tidal volume can result in increased intrathoracic pressure.
C. Increased intrathoracic pressure can create a hemothorax.
D. Decreased cardiac output can result in hypertension.
A conscious 6-month-old is moving around, turning blue, and not making any sounds or moving any air.
You should?

A. perform five back blows (slaps).

B. check her pulse.
C. deliver abdominal thrusts.
D. administer 30 chest compressions.

Which of the following results in bradycardia in the pediatric patient?

A. tachycardia.
B. Hypoxia
C. Hypovolemia
D. Fear

A 6-month-old male with no medical history has a two-day history of low-grade fever, tachypnea, and
wheezing. Auscultation Of lung sounds reveals inspiratory and expiratory wheezes to all lobes bilaterally.
This is most consistent with

A. bronchiolitis.
B. croup.
C. pneumonia.
D. asthma.

Your patient is fully immobilized on a backboard when he starts to vomit into his airway. You should?

A. roll the backboard, and the patient, on its side.

B. unstrap the patient and roll him on his side.
C. suction the airway with a portable suction unit.
D. ventilate the patient with 100 percent oxygen.

You are assessing the airway of a patient you are about to ventilate with a bag-valve mask. She has
dentures, which are firmly in place. You should:?

A. leave the dentures in place.

B. remove the lower denture.
C. remove both the upper and lower dentures.
D. remove the upper denture.

A 7-year-old presents conscious with a partial foreign body airway obstruction. She suddenly becomes
unresponsive. You should ?

A. administer 30 chest compressions.

B. deliver abdominal thrusts.
C. check a pulse.
D. perform five back blows (slaps).

A 12-year-old male presents in respiratory arrest after falling off a second-floor balcony. You note a large
contusion to his forehead, and he has a heart rate of 62. First, you should ?
 A. perform full spinal immobilization.
B. ventilate with a bag-valve mask.
C. administer chest compressions.
D. determine his blood pressure,

Your patient presents with altered mental status, an oxygen saturation level (Sp02) of 71 percent on
room air, and labored, shallow breathing at a rate Of 24 times a minute. You should ?

A. administer oral glucose with a tongue depressor, and administer low-flow oxygen.
B. give one breath every 5 seconds with a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) unit.
C. match his respiratory rate and assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
D. take cervical spine precautions and administer high-flow oxygen.

You are ventilating an unconscious, apneic patient experiencing a severe asthma attack. Your rate is 20
breaths per minute and oxygen is flowing at 15 liters per minute (LPM). You note that his chest is
increasingly distended, and it's getting harder to ventilate. You should ?

A. suction the airway.

B. assist the patient with administration Of his metered-dose inhaler.
C. decrease the ventilation rate to 12 per minute.
D. decrease the oxygen flow rate to 5 LPM.

Which of the following is the best indicator that ventilation with a bag-valve mask is correcting hypoxia?

A. Normal chest rise and fall

B. Increasing Sp02 (oxygen saturation level)
C. Pulse of 88/minute and regular
D. Ventilation rate of 12 per minute

A 22-year-old female with a history Of asthma presents with dyspnea. She is alert, her respiratory rate is
20 and deep, and her skin is cool and moist with peripheral cyanosis. You auscultate wheezes in all lung
fields. She has her prescribed albuterol metered-dose inhaler. You should first ?

A. administer oxygen via nasal cannula.

B. cover her with a blanket.
C. assist the patient with her metered-dose inhaler.
D. administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.

A 34-year-old female presents conscious and alert, complaining of difficulty breathing. You note a
respiratory rate of 22 per minute with deep tidal volume, and her skin is cool, pale, and diaphoretic. You
should immediately ?

A. insert an oropharyngeal airway.

B. administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.
C. suction her airway.
D. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
A 64-year-old female with a history of congestive heart failure has a sudden onset of shortness of breath.
She is alert, with rapid and deep respirations and cool, pale, and diaphoretic skin. You auscultate rales
(crackles) bilaterally. You should ?

A. administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.

B. administer continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
C. administer oxygen via nasal cannula.
D. determine the patient's blood pressure.

Which of the following clinical exam findings would best indicate that your patient is in respiratory
distress and not respiratory failure?

A. Respiratory rate of 4 breaths per minute

B. Absent respirations
C. Shallow tidal volume
D. Respiratory rate of 16 breaths per minute

A 34-year-old female presents with an acute onset of dyspnea and right-sided chest pain that worsens
when she takes a deep breath. She has a history Of asthma and gave birth to her first child four days ago.

Lung sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. Her skin is cool, pale, and diaphoretic, and there is jugular
venous distention. First, you should ?

A. assist the patient with her albuterol metered-dose inhaler.

B. administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.
C. inspect for vaginal hemorrhage.
D. obtain a complete set of vital signs.

An 8-year-old male is slumped in a chair, responsive to pain only. His mother describes an acute onset of
his asthma that was unrelieved with his mattered dose inhaler. He has a shallow respiratory rate of 8
breaths per minute, a brachial pulse of 64, and wheezes to all lung fields. First, you should

A. administer bag-valve-mask ventilations.

B. lay the patient supine and pad behind his shoulders.
C. Start CPR
D. assist with his metered-dose inhaler.

A 72-year-old female with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents
unconscious and apneic with a strong and rapid radial pulse. Her family describes a 4-hour history Of
Increasingly difficult breathing, unrelieved with her home nebulizer and metered-dose inhalers. You
should immediately

A. assist the patient with her albuterol

B. metered-dose inhaler. ventilate the patient with a bag-valve mask.
 C. administer continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
D. insert an oropharyngeal airway.

You are ventilating a patient who is apneic. Which of the following errors will most likely result in gastric
distension?

A. Ventilating too slow

B. Ventilating too shallow
C. Ventilating too hard
D. Ventilating too fast

A 23-year-old male presents with stridor and difficulty breathing after being stung by a bee. He is
breathing 28 times a minute, he has a heart rate Of 108, and his blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. You
should first ?

A. insert an oropharyngeal airway.

B. administer his epinephrine autoinjector.
C. ventilate with a bag-valve mask.
D. listen to lung sounds.

Your patient presents alert to pain only after being pulled out of a house fire by firefighters. You hear
audible stridor; his respiratory rate is 18 breaths per minute with good tidal volume There is a strong,
rapid radial pulse, and his skin is warm and dry. The patient's most immediate threat to life is ?

A. an airway obstruction.
B. increased intracranial pressure.
C. hypovolemic shock.
D. decreased perfusion.

A patient presents sitting on the edge of his bed, leaning forward, and drooling, with inspiratory stridor.

He is alert, his respiratory rate is 20 breaths per minute with visible chest rise and fall, and his skin is hot,
dry, and pale. You should ?

A. administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.

B. insert an oropharyngeal airway.
C. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
D. manually inspect the airway.

Administration of which of the following medications will result in bronchodilation?

A. Beta-I antagonist
B. Alpha-I antagonist
C. Alpha-2 agonist
D. Beta-2 agonist

Bronchospasm, bronchial edema, and increased mucus production in the lower airways best describe
the pathophysiology of ?
 A. emphysema.
B. chronic bronchitis.
C. asthma.
D. pneumonia.

A patient presents with a left-sided spontaneous pneumothorax. Which of the following would best
suggest that a tension pneumothorax was developing?

A. Decreased lung sounds on the left

B. Sp02 (oxygen saturation level) = 98 percent on room air
C. Hypertension
D. Jugular venous distention

A 4-year-old male presents complaining of a sore throat. His parents describe a three-day progression
offever, malaise, and respiratory distress. You note slight intercostal retraction, tachycardia, tachypnea,
and a loud cough. Lung sounds are clear. This is most consistent with

A. pneumonia.
B. epiglottitis.
C. croup.
D. asthma.

A 10-year-old asthmatic female presents with altered mental status, head-bobbing, and peripheral
cyanosis. She is breathing 60 times per minute. There are inspiratory and expiratory wheezes in all lung
fields, and her capillary refill is 5 seconds. You should first ?

A. place the patient in a sitting position.

B. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
C. administer humidified oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.
D. ask the mother whether she has used her metered-dose inhaler.

You are assisting a paramedic who has intubated an unconscious patient, and they ask you to ventilate
the patient while they start an IV. Your jump kit contains a bag-mask device, a nasal cannula, and a non-
rebreather mask.How are you going to ventilate the patient?

A. Blow directly into the tube

B. Attach the bag-mask device without the mask directly to the end of the endotracheal tube and
squeeze the bag
C. Place the non-rebreather mask over the end of the endotracheal tube and add oxygen at 15
liters per minute
D. Attach the bag-mask device with the mask directly to the end of the endotracheal tube and
squeeze the bag

You are an off-duty EMR enjoying a picnic in the park with your family when your daughter points to a
young boy who appears to be choking. You see a young male coughing forcefully, and you quickly Offer
help. The boy's parents say he was eating a piece Of chicken when he started coughing, but nothing has
been expelled from his mouth. What is the best course Of action?

A. Give five chest thrusts and suggest rapid transport to a hospital

B. Give five abdominal thrusts and suggest rapid transport to a hospital
C. Give five back slaps and suggest rapid transport to a hospital
D. Encourage the boy to keep coughing and suggest rapid transport to a hospital

An 8-year-old female was found facedown in the family swimming pool. Her father said she was
unattended for two minutes while he went to check on her brother who was napping inside the house.
The father performed CPR, and the patient vomited. The patient has labored respirations and is coughing
up water. You observe vomitus in her airway and are preparingyour suction device. How long can the
patient be suctioned before needing supplemental oxygenor ventilation?

A. 15 seconds at a time
B. 5 seconds at a time
C. 20 seconds at a time
D. 10 seconds at a time

What is the waste product that the lungs transport outside of the body?

A. Helium
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Carbon monoxide

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A. To prevent food from entering the larynx

B. To prevent food from entering the pharynx
C. To prevent food from entering the esophagus
D. To prevent food from entering the nasopharynx

Your paramedic partner asks you to place a nasal cannula on a patient who is having respiratory
difficulties. At a flow of 1 to 6 liters per minute (L/min), how much oxygen will be delivered to the
patient?

A. Up to 90% oxygen
B. 21% oxygen
C. 50% to 75% oxygen
D. 24% to 44% oxygen

When can an oral airway be used?

A. When a patient is conscious and does not have a gag reflex

B. When a patient is unconscious and has a gag reflex
C. When a patient is unconscious and does not have a gag reflex
D. When a patient is conscious and has a gag reflex
During a mass-casualty incident (MCI) with 15 patients, you use the START triage method. Your first
patient has a respiratory rate Of 36 breaths per minute-What is your next step?

A. Give them a Priority 3 tag (green/delayed)

B. Give them a Priority 2 tag (yellow/urgent)
C. Give them a Priority I tag
D. Give them a Priority 4 tag (blackJdeceased)

For the purposes of rescue breathing, what is the

standard age range for children?

A. 1 year to the beginning of puberty

B. 1 year to the beginning of adulthood
C. 1 year to 8 years
D. 1 year to 10 years

When a patient has emphysema, what problem

has developed in their lungs?

A. The smaller air passages are spasming or constricted

B. The alveoli are damaged
C. The lungs are infected
D. The airways in the lungs are inflamed

Your EMS unit has been dispatched to a boating

dock for a 39-year-old male with difficulty

breathing. When you arrive, the boat captain on a

scuba diving tour boat says the patient started to

panic underwater and ascended faster than he

should have. You start assessing the patient and

notice pink froth coming from his mouth and

nose. He complains Of chest pain and shortness

Of breath. The patient has no medical history and

takes no medication. What is the patient most

likely experiencing?

A. Air embolism
B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
C. Stroke
D. Heart attack

You are an off-duty EMR and receive a knock on

your door at midnight. Your neighbor is on the

doorstep, holding her 2-year-old daughter. When

you open the door, the mother looks frightened

and says her daughter is very sick. You bring

your neighbor and her daughter into your house

to assess the child. The patient has noisy,

whooping inhalations and a seal-like barking

cough. The mother states the coughing started

suddenly, and the child has had a cold for the

past three days. You call 911 and ask for a unit

to respond to your location. The dispatcher

explains the response may be delayed.How

should you treat a patient with croup until an

EMS unit arrives?

A. Give the child Tylenol and a glass of cool water

B. Wait with the mother and child outside in the cool air

C. Turn on a hot shower, shut the bathroom door so the room can steam, then have the mother
and child go into the bathroom
 D. Turn on a cold shower and have the mother and child go into the bathroom

A 44-year-old male patient was riding a

motorcycle and struck a tree. The patient is

breathing, has an altered mental status, and has

severe facial injuries. What is the immediate

danger to patients with severe facial injuries?

A. Irreparable facial damage

B. Airway obstruction
C. Brain damage
D. Spinal injury

Screenshot_2024 IO- 17-41-03-881 _com.emt.emr.nremtparamedic.jpg

You and your partner are to a local park

for a 24-year-old female who is having difficulty

breathing after being stung by a bee. Upon your

arrival, the patient's sister explains that she

forgot her EpiPen at home, and your local

protocols do not allow you to carry EpiPens in

your ambulance. The patient is in respiratory

arrest, and your partner calls for advanced life

support backup while you prepare to administer

a rescuer ventilation. Where should you position

yourself in relation to the patient?

A. Kneel above the patients head

B. Kneel on the left side of the patients head
C. Straddle the patients body
 D. Kneel on the right side of the patients head

How should a patient's airway be managed if

they are sitting in a vehicle after an auto

accident?

A. Place one hand under the chin and the other hand on the patients forehead
B. Place one hand under the chin and the other hand on the back of the patients head
C. Place one hand on the forehead and the other hand on the top of the patients head
D. Place one hand on the neck and the other hand on the back of the patients head

Your EMS unit is dispatched to a home two

blocks from your station for a choking infant.

Upon your arrival, a young woman runs out of the

house holding a conscious infant who is in

obvious respiratory distress and unable to

breathe. The woman explains she is babysitting,

and she saw the infant's brother put something

in the infant's mouth. Before she could see what

it was, the baby started choking. You assess the

infants airway and determine there is no air

exchange.How should you begin treating this

patient?

A. Perform five chest compressions followed by five back slaps, continuing until the object is
dislodged or the infant becomes unconsclous

B. Perform five back slaps followed by five chest thrusts, continuing until the object is dislodged or
the infant becomes unconscious
 C. Perform five back slaps followed by five abdominal thrusts, continuing until the object is
dislodged or the infant becomes unconscious

D. Perform five chest thrusts followed by five back slaps, continuing until the object is dislodged or
the infant becomes unconscious

You are called to an in-home daycare for a 6-

month-old male with difficulty breathing. The

daycare provider said she was feeding the

patient a bottle Of formula when he developed

difficulty breathing. She adds that the patient

has a cold, and his nose seems to be

clogged. What should you use to suction the nose

Of an infant?

A. A rigid-tip suction catheter

B. A tonsil-tip catheter
C. A flexible catheter
D. A bulb syringe

What type of respirations will a patient in shock

demonstrate?

A. Rapid and shallow respirations

B. Rapid and deep respirations
C. Slow and deep respirations
D. Slow and shallow respirations

Your EMS unit is called to a private residence at

4 a.m. for a 3-year-old male with difficulty

breathing. Upon your arrival, the patient is in his

mother's arms, demonstrating a seal-like barking

cough. Which condition is this patient likely

experiencing?

A. Flu
B. Epiglottitis
C. Croup
D. Asthma

What is the most common cause Of circulatory

failure in children?

A. Renal failure
B. Cardiac failure
C. Organ failure
D. Respiratory failure

What is the process Of selecting a properly sized

bag-mask device?

A. The mask should fit over the bridge of the patients nose and the bottom part of the chin.
B. The mask should fit over the bridge of the patients nose and in the groove between their lower
lip and chin
C. The mask should fit underneath the patients nose and in the groove between the lower lip and
chin.
D. The mask should fit underneath the patients nose and the bottom part of the chin.

Abdominal thrusts (i.e., the Heimlich maneuver)

should be done on a conscious adult or child

patient who is choking. How do abdominal

thrusts help expel a foreign object?

 A. The thrusts compress the xiphoid process, expelling the foreign object from the airway.

B. The thrusts compress the air that remains in the lungs, pushing it upward through the airway
and exerting pressure against the foreign object.

C. The thrusts compress the internal organs, which push air upward through the airway and exert
pressure against the foreign object.

D. The thrusts compress the bladder, pushing the foreign object out of the airway.

How does carbon dioxide become a waste

product?

A. Through inspiration
B. Through digestion
C. Through metabolism
D. Through exhalation

Some vaccinations are given to infants to help

prevent epiglottitis. Which type of bacteria

causes epiglottitis?

A. Bordetella pertussis
B. Group A Streptococcus
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Haemophilus influenzae type b

You are on scene with a 10-month-old female

who possibly swallowed a bobby pin while

crawling. The patient is in no obvious respiratory

distress and appears alert. What should you do

next?

A. Call medical control for advice

B. Arrange for prompt transport to an
C. appropriate medical facility
D. Call the patients pediatrician for advice

A patient who experienced a motorcycle

accident has a suspected spinal injury. You

attempt to open the patient's airway using the

jaw-thrust maneuver but are unsuccessful and

do not see the patient's chest rise with

ventilation. What should be the next step in

managing the patient's airway?

A. Perform a finger sweep and provide ventilation

B. Keep the head neutral and provide ventilation
C. Attempt the head tilt-chin lift maneuver and provide ventilation
D. Try five abdominal thrusts and then provide ventilation

An unconscious, unresponsive 10-year-old male

was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The

patient is not breathing and does not have a gag

reflex. Your partner asks you to place an oral

airway in the patient.How should you determine

the correct size of the oral airway?

A. Measure from the top of the patients ear to the corner of the mouth on the same side as the ear
B. Measure from the patients earlobe to the corner of the mouth on the opposite side of the ear
C. Measure from the patients earlobe to the corner of the mouth on the same side as the ear
D. Measure from the patients earlobe to the corner of the mouth to the tip of their nose
Which medical term refers to difficulty breathing or shortness of breath?

A. Tachypnea
B. Apnea
C. Dyspnea
D. Hyperpnea

According to the START triage system for a

mass-casualty incident (MCI), what should be

done for patients who are not breathing?

A. Clear the mouth Of any foreign material and use the head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the
airway
B. Tag the patient as deceased
C. Tag the patient as immediate
D. Clear the mouth Of any foreign material and use the jaw-thrust maneuver to Open the airway

While working as an EMR at a sports event, you

are called to the stands for a female with

shortness of breath. When you arrive, you find a

50-year-old female complaining Of shortness Of

breath for the past 10 minutes, with a history Of

cardiac problems. You place a non-rebreather

mask on her before taking her vital signs.How

many liters per minute Of oxygen should you

provide?

A. 15-20 liters per minute

B. 5-10 liters per minute
C. 4-6 liters per minute
D. 10-15 liters per minute
What carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to

the heart?

A. Pulmonary capillaries and venules

B. Pulmonary veins and arteries
C. Pulmonary veins and venules
D. Pulmonary arteries and venules

You and your partner are at the scene of a motor

vehicle accident with two patients. One patient

has minor injuries, and the other is unconscious

and unresponsive. You call for an additional

ambulance to respond, and you and your partner

start treating the unconscious patient. You want

to place an oropharyngeal airway to open their

airway.How do you select an appropriately sized

airway?

A. Measure from the top of the patients ear to the corner of their mouth
B. Measure from the patients earlobe to the tip of their nose
C. Measure from the patients earlobe to the corner of their mouth
D. Measure from the top of the patients earlobe to the tip of their nose

You are called to a private residence for an

unknown medical emergency involving an infant.

When you arrive, a woman meets you at the front

door holding an infant who is having a seizure.

The woman states that her daughter was nursing

and suddenly started seizing. The patient is hot

to the touch, and the mother reports the infant

has had a fever for the past 12 hours. The

patient is 10 months old with no past medical

history.How should you manage this patient's

airway and breathing?

A. After the seizure ends, provide supplemental oxygen.

B. While the patient is seizing, provide supplemental oxygen.
C. While the patient is seizing, try to open their airway and provide supplemental oxygen.
D. After the seizure ends, maintain an adequate airway and provide supplemental Oxygen

The pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) was

developed to offer a rapid impression of a

pediatric patient using sight and sound. Which

part Of the PAT refers to breathing?

A. Work of breathing
B. Breaths per minute
C. Difficulty breathing
D. Respiratory rate

A patient with a stoma has had which body part

removed?

A. The larynx
B. The oropharynx
C. The trachea
D. The nasopharynx

Your partner has measured an oropharyngeal

airway to place in a semi-conscious 70-year-old

male with four respirations per minute.

According to his wife, he accidentally took his

painkiller prescription twice, then started having

difficulty breathing 20 minutes later. You notice

your partner is struggling to place the nasal

airway.What should your partner do?

A. Remove the device and try the other nostril

B. Keep trying to force the device
C. Remove the device and hold the airway open manually
D. Switch to an oropharyngeal airway

When suctioning a patient using a suction

control port on a rigid tip catheter, how do you

create the suction?

A. Place a finger over the suction control portfor 5 to 10 seconds

B. Place a finger over the suction control portfor 1 to 2 seconds
C. Place a finger over the suction control port for the allotted time
D. Do not place a finger over the suction control port

You are called to a residential living facility for

an unresponsive 88-year-old female. Upon

arrival, you find the patient pulseless and not

breathing on her couch, with no signs Of trauma.

You and your partner move the patient to the

floor to start CPR. Your partner starts

compressions while you perform a head tilt-chin

lift maneuver. The patient has intact dentures in

place.Which of the following should be done

before ventilating the patient?

A. Remove the dentures

B. Leave the dentures in place
C. Suction the patients mouth
D. Perform a finger sweep
When a patient is cold, pulse oximeter readings

can be inaccurate. What is the physiological

reason for inaccurate readings from a cold

patient?

A. The patient is shivering.

B. The pulse oximeter will not stay on a cold fingertip or earlobe.
C. The blood vessels in the fingertips or earlobes are constricted.
D. The blood vessels in the fingertips or earlobes are dilated.

Besides being smaller, how does a childs airway

differ from an adult's regarding airway

obstruction?

A. A childs larynx is relatively smaller than an adults larynx.

B. A childs larynx is relatively larger than an adults larynx.
C. A childs tongue is relatively larger than an adults tongue.
D. A childs tongue is relatively smaller than an adults tongue.

What does a pulse oximeter assess when it is

used on a patients fingertip or earlobe?

A. The amount of oxygen saturation in platelets

B. The amount of oxygen saturation in red blood cells
C. The amount of oxygen saturation in white blood cells
D. The amount of oxygen saturation in plasma

Which term describes the exchange Of oxygen

and carbon dioxide that occurs in the alveoli?

 A. Artificial ventilation
B. Alveolar ventilation
C. Pulmonary ventilation
D. Minute ventilation

For an adult patient who presents with difficulty

breathing, when would you assist with rescue

breathing?

A. When the respiratory rate is under 10 or over 20 breaths per minute

B. When the respiratory rate is under 4 or over 46 breaths per minute
C. When the respiratory rate is under 6 or over 30 breaths per minute
D. When the respiratory rate is under 8 or over 40 breaths per minute

What is a sign Of respiratory distress in infants?

A. A breathing rate of more than 50 breaths per minute

B. A breathing rate of more than 30 breaths per minute
C. A breathing rate of more than 60 breaths per minute
D. A breathing rate of more than 80 breaths per minute

Which of the following is not part of the upper

airway?

A. The larynx
B. The pharynx
C. The nasopharynx
D. The trachea

To assess a patient for adequate breathing, the

rescuer will look, listen, and feel.Which of the

following is not a characteristic of respiratory

arrest that is observed with the 100k, listen, and

feel method?

A. Lack of pulse
B. Lack of chest movement
C. Lack of air against the side of the face
D. Lack of breath sounds

When a conscious patient has difficulty

breathing, in what position are they usually most

comfortable?

A. Standing
B. Sitting
C. Lying on their side
D. Lying on their back

A patient with emphysema is being transported

from a hospital to a specialized facility an hour

away. The onboard oxygen cylinder was empty at

the start Of your shift, and you were in the

process of changing it when you received the

call for this transfer. You are using a portable

oxygen cylinder for the patient.How long will

your portable size D oxygen cylinder last?

A. 5 hours
B. 3 hours
C. 1 hour
D. 2 hours

You are administering rescue breathing for an

adult patient who is breathing inadequately. How

often will you provide a breath after your initial

two breaths?

A. Every 2 seconds
B. Every 5 seconds
C. Every 8 seconds
D. Every 6 seconds

What is the most common airway obstruction

noted in unconscious patients?

A. The tongue
B. Blood
C. Vomit
D. A foreign body

At the start Of an ambulance shift, you check the

rig to make sure everything is stocked and ready.

You notice the main oxygen cylinder has 700 psi,

and the portable cylinder is 300 psi.When should

an oxygen cylinder be replaced with a full

cylinder for emergency use?

A. When the cylinder contains under 600 psi

B. When the cylinder contains under 1 ,OOO psi
C. When the cylinder contains under 700 psi
D. When the cylinder contains under 500 psi

If you have a patient whose respirations

increase then decrease and they also

experience periods of apnea, what is

the correct medical term for this type of

respiration?

A. Cheyne-Stokes
B. Flail chest
C. Sarbanes-Oxley
D. Braxton-Hicks

What is the goal in adequately ventilating

shock patients?

A. To induce the acidotic state

B. To reduce the acidotic state
C. To normalize the acidotic state
D. All of the above

What practice maintains the head in a neutral

position while moving the jaw forward?

A. Airway adjunct
B. Chin lift
C. Head tilt-chin lift
D. Jaw thrust

What process is a passive process that

decreases the volume within the thoracic

cavity?

A. Exhalation
B. None of the above
C. Inhalation
D. Cramps

If the chest or abdominal wall only slightly

expand during inhalation. What type of

breathing would this be considered?

 A. Labored breathing
B. Shallow breathing
C. Noisy breathing
D. Regular breathing

The levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

stream are a direct reflection of what?

A. AVP Process
B. Lung membrane ventilation
C. Alveolar ventilation
D. Pharyngeal Trapping

What should be done before and after

suctioning?

A. Dental check
B. Hyperoxygenation
C. Blind finger sweep
D. Continuation of suctioning

When a patient is suffering from constriction of the bronchioles, what can be heard during respirations?

A. Snoring
B. Wheezing
C. Gurgling
D. Nothing

What can heightened metabolic activity

cause?

A. Infrequent urination
B. Frequent urination
C. Elevated C02
D. Lowered C02

What flow rate can deliver a 80-100% oxygen

concentration when using a non-rebreather

mask?

A. 15-20 LPM
B. 8-10 LPM
C. 12-15 LPM
D. 10-15 LPM

In a healthy adult, what should the Pa02 be?

A. 85-11 OmmHg
B. Any of the above
C. 80-100mmHg
D. 60-1 OOmmHg

What structure lies directly behind the cricoid cartilage?

A. Esophagus
B. Trachea
C. Glottic opening
D. Epiglottis

What process is taking place when the diaphragm contracts?

A. Inhalation
B. None of the above
C. Cramps
D. Exhalation

What structure covers the glottic opening when swallowing?

A. None of the above

B. Esophagus
C. Epiglottis
D. Trachea

Poor muscle tone of what area may lead to an

obstructed airway?

A. Zygote
B. Submandibular
C. Mandible
D. None of the above

During respiration what is primarily transported throughout the body?

A. Oxygen from the air to the blood.

B. Solid waste products out of the body.
C. Pollutants from the body.
D. Nutrients to the blood cells.

What would be a direct reflection of alveolar

ventilation?

A. Both A and B
B. Carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
C. Oxygen in bloodstream
D. Neither A nor B

Where is the group of specialized olfactory

cells that are responsible for the sense of

smell located?

A. Inferior nasopharynx
B. Olfactory sacs
C. Superior nasopharynx
D. Superior mid-olfactory sacs

What does the following expression equal:

tidal volume x respiratory rate?

 A. Rate per Minute
B. Hour Volume
C. Respiratory Rate
D. Minute Volume

Which item is leaf-shaped and is associationwith the vallecula?

A. Epiglottis
B. Thyroid
C. Hyoid
D. Arytenoid

Your patient is breathing fast and heavy to

the point that they are hyperventilating. What

will their body not retain?

A. Oxygen
B. Both A and B
C. Carbon Dioxide
D. Neither A nor B

What type of lubricant should be used for the

airway?

A. Water-based
B. Lubricant should never be used
C. Petroleum-based
D. Oil-based

What is the most superior region of the

pharynx called?

A. Esophagus
 B. Nasopharynx
C. Oropharynx
D. Laryngopharynx

What is the name of the outermost layer of

the pleura?

A. Parietal pleura
B. Pleura
C. Pleura membrane
D. Pleura flexa

What can cause subcutaneous emphysema?

A. Ruptured Spleen
B. Ripped liver
C. Fractured Larynx
D. Fractured Esophagus

What structure connects the pharynx to the

trachea?

A. Larynx
B. Airway
C. Throat Lining
D. Epiglottis

What single membrane appears to be a

double membrane?

A. Pleura membrane
B. Parietal pleura
C. Pleura flexa
D. Pleura
At what rate does the Wright respirometer

measure peak flow?

A. 2 LPM
B. 3 LPM
C. 1 LPM
D. 4LPM

What causes respiratory alkalosis?

A. Hypoventilation
B. Hypertension
C. Hyperventilation
D. Hypotension

What is determined by how easily the lungs

stretch?

A. Compliance
B. Accommodation
C. Flexibility
D. Extension

What is the longest interval of time that a

patient should be suctioned?

A. 30 seconds
B. 20 seconds
C. 1 5 seconds
D. 5 seconds

When you arrive on the scene to treat apatient you notice that their nail beds and
lips are starting to turn blue. This condition is known as: ?

A. Cyanosis
B. Cystitis
C. Dysphagia
D. Tachypnea

If no neck injury is suspected, what technique

should be used to open a patient's airway?

A. Jaw thrust
B. Head-tilt-chin-lift
C. Heimlich maneuver
D. Tongue-jaw lift

You are assessing an unconscious patient

and you suspect that they have an airway

obstruction, what would be the most common

cause of airway obstruction?

A. Foreign body
B. Emesis
C. Broken teeth
D. The tongue

All of the following are part of the respiratory

system except one. Which of the following is
not part of the respiratory system?

A. Nose
B. Lungs
C. Esophagus
D. Trachea
While assessing a patient's respiratory status you hear a harsh sound during inspiration. The correct term
for this is:?

A. Stridor
B. Rales
C. Rhonchi
D. Death rattle

You are sitting at a restaurant and suddenly

an adult patron is choking; what should you ?

A. Perform the Heimlich maneuver.

B. You are not on duty; do nothing.
C. None of the above
D. Provide CPR.

Grunting, stridor, use of accessory muscles,

and nasal flaring are signs and symptoms of

what?

A. Labored respirations
B. Migraine headache
C. Shock
D. Gl hemorrhage

What is the American Heart

Association recommendation for the

compression-to-ventilation ratio used by all

single rescuers for all victims from infants

(not including newborns) through adults?

A. 20:01
B. 1 2:01
 C. 15:02
D. 30:02

Pulmonary embolism is caused by a blood

clot or some other particle that lodges in the

pulmonary artery. What factor can make an

individual predisposed to this condition?

A. Prolonged immobilization
B. Atrial fibrillation
C. Thrombophlebitis
D. All of the above

Which of the following are the only

respiratory structures that allow exchange

of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood

and the environment?

A. Trachea
B. Pharynx
C. Alveoli
D. Bronchioles

If you come across an infant less than 1 year

of age who is conscious with a severe airway

obstruction, what technique should be used

to clear their airway?

A. Heimlich Maneuver
B. Tongue-Jaw Lift
C. Blind Finger Sweeps
 D. Back Blows or Chest Thrusts

What is the third structure that air passes through before entering the trachea?

A. Epiglottis
B. Oropharynx
C. Glottic opening
D. Cricoid cartilage

If you are giving artificial ventilation to an

adult, what is the correct rate?

A. 12 breaths per minute

B. 10 breaths per minute
C. 15 breaths per minute
D. 20 breaths per minute

You find a patient to be breathing normally (rate of 18 per minute), clear airway, normal pulse (72 strong
and regular), normal blood pressure (120/82 mmHg), normal skin condition, and blood glucose level of
5.1. You take a pulse oximetry reading to find that it is at 61%. What do you do?

A. Assume the pulse oximeter is incorrect

B. Administer oxygen at 1 5 liters per minute
C. via non-rebreather
D. Assist respirations with a bag valve mask

Your patient is breathing fast and heavy, and

she is hyperventilating. What will her body

retain?

A. Carbon Dioxide
B. Oxygen
C. Neither A nor B
D. Both A and B
What are the air sacs in the lungs where the

exchange of oxygen from the lungs to the blood occurs named?

A. Trachea
B. Papules
C. Bronchioles
D. Alveoli

What practice maintains the head in the

neutral position while moving the jaw

forward?

A. Jaw thrust
B. Chin lift
C. Airway adjunct
D. Head tilt-chin lift

All of the descriptions below are true of the

bag-valve mask (BVM) ventilation system

except one. Which statement does not apply

to the use of a bag-valve mask system?

A. A The BVM is a one-size-fits-all system once the appropriate oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal

airway system has been selected and inserted.

B. The BVM can be attached to an oxygen supply to deliver oxygen concentration greater than
atmospheric oxygen levels of 21%.

C. The BVM delivers atmospheric air containing 21 % oxygen as compared to air exhaled form a
responder's lungs, which contains 10-16% oxygen.
 D. The BVM should be used after inserting either an oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway of
appropriate size.

You are attempting to gather information

from a patient, but he is having a hard time

trying to communicate because he was hit

in the throat by a baseball bat, damaging

his vocal chords. What is the function of the

vocal cords?

A. To regulate the passage of air into the trachea

B. Both A and B
C. To produce sound
D. Neither A nor B

All of the statements below apply to using

suctioning systems to help maintain a clear

airway except one. Which statement about

using suctioning systems to help maintain a

clear airway is incorrect?

A. Rotate the tip of the suctioning unit as it is removed from the mouth, nose, or stoma
B. Only turn on the suctioning system once the suction tip is completely inserted
C. If high volumes of fluids are present, turn the patient on his/her side and then suction
D. Continue suctioning system use while delivering ventilations to keep fluids clear of the airway

What should you measure to ensure that you

select the proper length oropharyngeal airway

for a patient?

A. From the chin to the tip of their earlobe

 B. From the teeth to the bottom of their neck
C. From the corner of the mouth to the tip of their earlobe
D. From the nose to the tip of their earlobe

What is the normal breathing rate for an

adult?

A. 21-25 breaths per minute

B. 5-8 breaths per minute
C. 12-20 breaths per minute
D. 8-10 breaths per minute

What is the name for the structure that is

encompassed by the soft palate above and

the epiglottis below?

A. The nasopharynx
B. The pharynx
C. The larynx
D. The oropharynx

For which of the following patients is airway

obstruction a major concern?

A. One who is bleeding from the forearm

B. One who has broken several ribs
C. One who is unresponsive
D. A child

Which of the following are common cause(s) of a compromised airway?

A. Trauma
B. All of the above
 C. Burns
D. The tongue

Air passes through several structures once

taken in; what is the last structure before

entering the trachea?

A. Oropharynx
B. Cricoid cartilage
C. Epiglottis
D. Vocal cords

All types of people are predisposed to all

types of medical problems. What are tall,

thin men between 20 and 40 years old

predisposed to?

A. Ruptured spleen
B. Spontaneous pneumothorax
C. Bronchitis
D. Thrombophlebitis

Which of the following will not interfere with

the accuracy of a pulse oximeter?

A. Hypoperfusion
B. Carbon monoxide poisoning
C. Hypertension
D. Edema in the fingers

Certain patients display what is referred to

as "pink puffers," or the polycythemia that

occurs as an excess of red blood cells are

produced. What would these patients suffer

from?

A. Sickle Cell Anemia

B. Emphysema
C. Asthma
D. Pneumonia

What is the name for the leaf-shaped

structure that prevents food and liquid from

entering the trachea during swallowing?

A. The epiglottis
B. The larynx
C. The pharynx
D. The uvula

All of the statements below are true of

treating patients who are hyperventilating

except one. Which statement is not true of

treating patients who are hyperventilating?

A. Monitor the patient for changes in vitalsigns

B. Watch for cyanosis or other signs of inadequate breathing
C. Encourage the patient to slow his/her breathing rate
D. If the patient has a prescription for nitroglycerin, assist them with their medication

Which of the following should you measure

to ensure a patient receives the proper size

nasopharyngeal airway?

A. The entire length of the nose

B. The diameter of their little finger
C. None of the above
D. From the corner of the mouth to the tip of the earlobe

What is the dome-shaped muscle that causes

the lungs to inflate during inhalation?

A. Alveolus
B. Aorta
C. Diaphragm
D. Maxilla

Coughing up blood can indicate all of the

following except one. Which of the following

is least likely to cause a patient to cough up

blood?

A. A punctured lung
B. A chest wound
C. A fractured rib
D. A heart attack

All of the descriptions below relate to the

use of nasopharyngeal airways except one.

Which Statement does not apply to the use Of

nasopharyngeal airways?

A. Unlike oropharyngeal airways, nasopharyngeal tubes do not require the repositioning of a

patient's head or prying the patient's mouth open.

B. Nasopharyngeal airways are more appropriate than oropharyngeal airways when dealing with
patients who have a gag reflex.

C. Nasopharyngeal airways' diameter should be sized to match the nostril opening (or patient's
little finger diameter) and its length should be sized from the patient's nose to the patient's
earlobe

D. Nasopharyngeal airways are preferred alternatives to oropharyngeal airways when a patient has

injuries to the teeth, mouth, oral cavity, face, or head. While administering artificial ventilations to

a patient, you hear a gurgling sound. What

 should you immediately do?

A. Transport the patient to the hospital.

B. Suction the patient.
C. Turn the patient on their left side.
D. Place the patient in the shock position.