TO INCREASE THE VOLUMETRIC

FLOW RATE OF A CENTRIFUGAL

PUMP AT PAKISTAN REFINERY LTD.

Industrial Engineering and Management Department

Dawood University of Engineering Technology
 Industrial Engineering and Management Department

TO INCREASE THE VOLUMETRIC

FLOW RATE OF A CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP AT PAKISTAN REFINERY LTD.
S# Student Name Student ID
1 Muhammad Ali Asif D-18-IN-67
2 Muhammad Hameez Ala D-18-IN-62
3 Muhammad Danyal D-18-IN-57
4 Furqan Yousuf D-18-IN-05

Supervisor Name. Engr. Shuaib Kaka

Co-Supervisor Name. Engr. Umair Sarwar Date. 09/09/2021
CONTENTS

• Introduction
• Problem Statement
• Literature Review
• Objectives
• Methodology
• Complex Engineering Problem
• Expected Results
• Gantt Chart
INTRODUCTION

Centrifugal Pumps are the most popular and commonly used type of
pump for the transfer of fluids from a low level to a high level.
Centrifugal pumps are often chosen for their high flow rate capabilities,
abrasive solution compatibility, mixing potential, as well as their
relatively simple engineering.
 INTRODUCTION

As the electric motor starts rotating, it also rotates the impeller. The impeller has
several blades or vanes and its rotation creates suction at the suction pipe. Due to
suction created the water from the sump starts coming to the casing through the
eye of the impeller. From the eye of the impeller, due to the centrifugal force
acting on the water, the water starts moving radially outward and towards the
outer of casing. Since the impeller is rotating at high velocity it also rotates the
water around it in the casing. The area of the casing increasing gradually in the
direction of rotation, so the velocity of the water keeps on decreasing and the
pressure increases, at the outlet of the pump, the pressure is maximum. Now
form the outlet of the pump, the water goes to its desired location through
delivery pipe.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

A single suction hydrocarbon centrifugal pump installed at Pakistan

Refinery Limited is giving undesired volumetric flowrate when operated at
normal capacity, an increase of at least 20-25% in the output is desired.
LITERATURE REVIEW

S.No Publication Author(s) Summary

1 Centrifugal Pump Design John Tuzson
2 Design Calculation and Aye Thida San,
Performance Analysis of Min Oo, Chaw
Single Suction Centrifugal Wint Yee Zaw
Pump
The objective of this book was to make advanced fluid
mechanic fundamentals available to practicing
industrial pump designers. Product designers must be
generalists, not specialists. The challenge is to close
this gap by insisting on fundamental understanding,
but using a mode of presentation and communication
that is comprehensible to those with a minimal
engineering education.
This paper presents the design of impeller and casing
of single suction centrifugal pump and performance
analysis of losses.
LITERATURE REVIEW

S.No Publication Author(s) Summary

3 Design and Performance Khin Cho Thin, Mya In this paper, the performance of a centrifugal
Analysis of Centrifugal Pump Mya Khaing, and pump is analyzed by using a single-stage end
Khin Maung Aye suction centrifugal pump. Two main components
of a centrifugal pump are the impeller and the
casing.

4 Effect of impeller blades Gamal R.H. Abo A numerical investigation is carried out to show
number on the performance of Elyamin, Magdy A. the effect of the impeller blades number on the
a centrifugal pump Bassily, Khalil Y. pump performance. Three different impellers
Khalil, Mohamed Sh. with 5, 7, and 9 blades are tested numerically to
Gomaa determine the optimum blades number. It is
found that the head coefficient ‘Wyt’ and the
efficiency ‘ghyd’ are higher for the case of the
impeller with 7 blades than that for the two
cases of 5 and 9 blades.
 OBJECTIVES

This research/project is based on the design of a solution for the increase

in the volumetric flow rate of the centrifugal pump installed at Pakistan
Refinery Ltd.
 METHODOLOGY

Solving Complex Creating Pump

Collecting Pump Data Validating Results
Engineering Problem Software
• Existing operational • Pump Affinity Laws • Creating Model • Approval of results
data of pump • Understanding • Running from supervisor at
• Pump drawings drawings calculations PRL.
• Pump calculations • Comparison with
manual
calculations
• Checking if project
objectives are
achieved
METHODOLOGY

1) Collecting Pump Data

The running data for both the normal operating range and the
maximum operating range was provided by our supervisor at Pakistan
Refinery Ltd. Additionally pump and impeller isometric diagrams were
also provided with top and side views available. This was done to help
us better understand the pump we are working on in more detail.
 METHODOLOGY

Naphtha Product Pump (108-J/JA):

Process Conditions
A) Normal Operating Range:
• Discharge Pressure = 10Kg/cm2 (142.23 psi)
• Speed = 3160 rpm
• Flow Rate = 139 gpm (gallons per minute)
• Specific Gravity of Fluid = 0.629
A) Maximum Operating Range:
• Discharge Pressure = 11 Kg/cm2 (156.45 psi)
• Speed = 3450 rpm
• Flow Rate = 160 gpm (gallons per minute)
• Specific Gravity of Fluid = 0.629
METHODOLOGY
COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM

There are three methods by which increased flow rate in centrifugal

pumps can be achieved,

1. Increasing the revolutions per minute (rpm) of impeller

2. Increasing the diameter of the impeller
3. Adjusting the number of blades/vanes and vane angles

All these methods are governed by the Affinity Laws of Pumps.

COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM

Affinity Laws
The Affinity Laws of centrifugal pumps or fans indicates the influence
on volume capacity, head (pressure) and/or power consumption of a
pump or fan due to,
• change in speed of wheel - revolutions per minute (rpm)
• geometrically similarity - change in impeller diameter
COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM
Changing Wheel Velocity
If the wheel diameter is constant - change in pump wheel velocity can
simplify the affinity laws to,
• Volume Capacity: q1 / q2 = (n1 / n2)
• Head or Pressure: dp1 / dp2 = (n1 / n2)^2
• Power: P1 / P2 = (n1 / n2)^3
Where, q= volume capacity(m3/s, gpm), n= wheel velocity(rpm), dp=
head or pressure(m, ft, Pa, psi), P= power(W, bhp)
COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM
COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM

Changing the Impeller Diameter

If wheel velocity is constant a change in impeller diameter simplifies
the affinity laws to,
• Volume Capacity q1 / q2 = (d1 / d2)
• Head or Pressure dp1 / dp2 = (d1 / d2)^2
• Power P1 / P2 = (d1 / d2)^3
Where, q= volume capacity(m3/s, gpm), d= wheel diameter(m, in, ft),
dp= head or pressure(m, ft, Pa, psi), P= power(W, bhp)
COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM
COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM

ADJUSTING THE NUMBER OF BLADES/VANES AND VANE

ANGLES
Currently, the pump impeller has 3 backward curved vanes at an angle
of 20 degrees.
Optimum blade angle for maximum efficiency has been worked out for
an impeller having logarithmic vanes. In the present investigations an
optimum blade angle of 27.3 deg has been obtained for a seven bladed
impeller. The results obtained from the present theory agree very well
with the results of Varley and Kasai.
COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM

MANUAL CALCULATIONS
Flowrate at Normal Operating Range after increasing diameter of impeller,
Flowrate (new) = diameter (new) x (flowrate (old) / diameter (old))
= 12.9921 in x (139 gpm / 12.0472 in)
Flowrate (new) = 149 gpm (an increase of 7.19%)
Flowrate at Maximum Operating Range after increasing diameter of impeller,
Flowrate (new) = diameter (new) x (flowrate (old) / diameter (old))
= 12.9921 in x (160 gpm / 12.0472 in)
Flowrate (new) = 172 gpm (an increase of 7.5%)
 COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM

Flowrate at Normal Operating Range after increasing rotational speed of impeller,

Flowrate (new) = rotational speed (new) x (flowrate (old) / rotational speed (old))
= 3480 rpm x (139 gpm / 3160 rpm)
Flowrate (new) = 153 gpm (an increase of 10.07%)
Flowrate at Maximum Operating Range after increasing rotational speed of impeller,
Flowrate (new) = rotational speed (new) x (flowrate (old) / rotational speed (old))
= 3480 rpm x (160 gpm / 3450 rpm)
Flowrate (new) = 162 gpm (an increase of 1.25%)
EXPECTED RESULTS

At the end of this project, the accomplishment of the following results

are expected,

• Increase in volumetric flow rate of the centrifugal pump.

• Development of a software for future pump calculations.
 GANTT CHART
1/10/2021 3/1/2021 4/20/2021 6/9/2021 7/29/2021 9/17/2021 11/6/2021 12/26/2021

Literature Review

Data Collection

Model Development

Analysis and calculation of data

Conference paper writing

Preparation of thesis

Draft thesis submission

Final Thesis
REFERENCES
• John Tuzson, Centrifugal Pump Design
• Aye Thida San, Min Oo, Chaw Wint Yee Zaw, Design Calculation and Performance Analysis
of Single Suction Centrifugal Pump
• Khin Cho Thin, Mya Mya Khaing, and Khin Maung Aye, Design and Performance Analysis
of Centrifugal Pump
• Gamal R.H. Abo Elyamin, Magdy A. Bassily, Khalil Y. Khalil , Mohamed Sh. Gomaa, Effect
of impeller blades number on the performance of a centrifugal pump
• Centrifugal Pump, https://powerzone.com/resources/glossary/centrifugal-pump
• Pump Affinity Laws, https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/affinity-laws-d_408.html
• The Engineering Mindset, Pump CALCULATIONS, Flow rate, RPM, Pressure, Power,
Diameter
• Y. R. Reddy, S. Kar, Optimum Vane Number and Angle of Centrifugal Pumps With
Logarithmic Vanes