cud NGHIA NHAN VAN vA mot 56 | -XPIA 4 thc PHAM CUA séc-xPl L& VAN CHiN A THOT BAI PHYC BUNG . j ch Phép 1) Noi dung adi nigm Phuc ow ul phét tir Renaissance 06 ghfa la hii sinh, obpg. lei). tn vin béa cb dei oh 6& bj chét abu cau lam sing Iai nbn ft trong thdi Trung od, khéi vig Phyo birng tr bin trong, os i fh “thio 26 th mbt ap Khting djnb, nhurag “@dng thoi oing « ingt sy pha djnb, Né khing djnh nhirng gid tri to 16a trong ‘ aa vin héa od dei Hy Lap, mot nto vin héa thm nbuao tinh thin nbin deo cha ngbia, mit nfo vin-béa mi & &6 ahirng cabin phim dep dp cis con nguii dye thn ‘trong, cuge aéi zo a0, bgnb phic tin th8 cia con ngwdi_dirgc chip nbjn. Bing thoi n6 ding phi djoh thi ky Trung cd, hay: n6i | abu, Ang-gheo, la ¢phé dioh eda phi’ din», bdi 16 thdi | ky Trung ¢d coi abe la cdi chét, A , 46ng vai trd « th6ng tt] t6icao >» chi ph6i to’n bé sinh hoat x& |" gi. Gido boi Ta chfnh quy8m trén chink quyén, - gifo holng lA vua cia céc vua. Do &6, dap tan chuyén chink aia cila gido hii. (1), troée hét th Aap tan chit chi nghie LAS bon EEA BB din, chit ghia thin bf, ; honk, chi nghfa cfm dye cia nbs the, ~ G) Chong Gito by Gi khOOg phi eh é Bing-to, | ° eh 66 gibi van\ tnto eli ch coe no ca mh o6 oh git ung Ie nee “howe iehai Kh3i gid bon te, (Réforme) abe Lu-te, ngirdi phong Gi La MEA Up re deo Tin tank, 55 Scanned with CamScannerla véa hoe Phuc birng so ky. ¥ nghta to Ion cis nn vin hoo PbYe bunt ast ghen tém Igi trong ahtrng loi tuyst ep phot diy ++... mot thé gii méi da biga © ro pio Te Tay kinh ngee, 46 Ia od dei Hy L4Pr oh _ ting ngbi cba 26 dip tan abtrog b66 (Phép bigo chitog cia ty nbito)- ng. THO Oe 2) ¥ nghia lich ab clo thi oO PN 20D Phyo bung Ih thi dpi choyBo B68 { sang ch& 49 tw bin, thoi, dai sis 7 hem vi hinh Gang phin 46i Ini ohé 40 phoDs kite ong 7 théi ¥ thife cing nhur tréa fio 1 ot hai mee + MOL DOH, ngogt lich o& vt dai mang ti a <6 mgt ene ch ma gt ch Oe loai chia ti ag thiy, 66 1a thei dei 80 din whizng con ot hing ooo nga khing B, khdng khdng 13 v8 tai nog ahida mat va ve bidu bist eto rong > (Ang-ghen — Phép bign ching ofa t nhién). Bung Ta oan cdi dam t6i i d\kboa hoo, thuat @gt abiéo birng nd ‘v6i mot src thutog va phét trido mot céch ky di hi thién via boc adi tiéog ogwdi cthoyét mit trdi IA trang tow (héliecontrisme) 464 Yop vi athuyét tréi dit Ia trung tim> (Géocontrisme) cha Pro-le-o @& (Chi ngha nbfn vin va chi nghta xa hi). \ Gidi phéng cf nbn con ngwbi ra khdi xitag xich phony, Kign, obi thd 48 ho durge tyr do phét trida ahitng khi nag vO tin eda ho, tr con ngwoi v8 thé gisi trin tuc a8 ho tin buréng nbirng khét vong khdng 13 v8 vat chit va tinh thin céa ho, 461, hong nguyen IY eo bin cia chi nghta shan vin thdi Phyo hung. 1) Gii phéng cé nhan con mgwdi : Gili phéng ef sbén triréc hét 14 gidi phéng quan nigm v8 con ngwoi. 0 ay 6 oy a6i Lip Bay git v8 mit quan nigm gitka phong Kién, oha the véi cha nghta nbn vin, . Phong kign cho ring con ngwti cao quy hay thip héa Ta do dfing fp va dong méu quy& dinh tht obtng obi aban vin chi ngbta coi «Con pgwei chinh tr bin thin 26 «re thanh cao quy dofey’ nghi¢p vi dei cha n6> (Pé-to-rbe ¥ ce), (Bong-ki-s6t). / : : " Nha thé cho ring con ngwdi JA mot thyc th8 mang c4pi 18: £3 tng», Ta thi ché ngbia_nhfn vin~xem con ngwvi la . Nhung ky-digu nit 1A con ngrdi (Antigén). Deo Co d&c cho con ngwei IA «sin phim cia Chiia> thi chi oghia thin vin’xem con ngirdi lA mot «ein phim ty nhién, nb 6 nhing nhu clu ty obién cilia né vd vat chét cing nh tinh thin, do a6 tht nbién dia t6i cdi quan nigm lat 4d tht c& moi quan hé trong d6 con ngwdi IA mot thio th8 bi nd dich, bi de nén va chéng lei it c& cdi gi ld tréi ty nbiéo (ahw cha nghta kh8 hank, cha nghia cfm, dye). Tréi tr uhién chi sinh ra eri loan», va ckhd héo». Tufn theo tr nhien 08 06 cefi dep vir cay hai hda of Abi» (Re-borle). 59 Scanned with CamScannerog Joqn 8908 Quan did aby duryo thd hige motosob SY Ty aot ee vin Ra-bote migu ti v8ta via Télom oy gf ME” tring 1g, kh6ng phii dash obo 98 15, bét ogy ho nhting oam thank oft bf vel ere ° Oe oa 5 aay khéc voi 48 los! 6! we vou te estes fam gi thi am? CFeiC TY cuyem the do N6 la mot evrong quée obs tr doy, Sly wrong dyng Io th6ng tr & 46. NO la. mot ew ngwii tré va bin 46; Isp Hai thf gi64 Tank © sna, sinh dong, mgt eBag cute bug, ty ohio, mang ch tri io tim hin, 43 cuge ebng bing d@ ee burong vi chin chfoh cha cuge cn ‘ae oo ahiéo cia thai dai Phy hung. : 2) Tré con ngwoi v8 thé gidi tri on age théa min nhieng khét vong kbdng vt chit cing oh vé tinh thin cia hg. , két thife téc ph8m cing 1A cudng> Q). Téc gi& khuyén chiy uéng> moi hoan lac cia cuge dvi va moi tri thie khoa hoc a8 gidi con khét cia thoi dei. — Phong dign tinh thin : + Tinh yéu : \Wha tho ch traeag cfm dye, néo khtog c6 doh yéu nam: nit, ma chi cé tinh yéu mang tinh chit tén Sido, trong dé dan ba dige coi la vé dep cia Chia, yéu dan ba Ia yéu Chia, quan hé nam nir, quan hé gist fob khong 6, Tinh yéu gitta Ding-to va Béatrixe Ja kidu chy vay, Nim lén 9 tudi, Ding-to gip od gai 9 tobi, Béatrixg, trong mOt b6 do 43. 9 n&m ean, cing ding vao Vic 9 gia, ngay 9, Ding-to pip lai cd Ky tron, mot bo tring. BOi gi chy ean fo ri " °6i, chang ling nhin sang c6 khéc. Beatrixo- gio va khong dod: hoai téi nia, Thi si dau dén ohd aubing giot 18 ding cay trén nhitng van tho eda minh. Vaso thing 9 Béatri . a0 His iss trier chét, Khi vao téc pham thin khiic; Dang méi gep Iai nang trong doh hao quang cia Chia, aS SPL KF RLS S - Thién a, we aa len ‘“wug, nghia la da trit mii tye lay, khi pip” Q) € Je bois , ; (Pantagruel). “tle soif avenir, Je bois éternellement > Scanned with CamScannerh cf, vin tréch méa igh Bingo v0 Lg a way : a 8, ning n® ™* a pban nfngd& cho ching \ ‘ ale ii dd chang 06 yo Va tai axe ching ben toh thtg HP ag thioh \| -Nhwng viva bide © wao babi Toi bd dvi ndy sang cot trong an 1 kbéo> Chang quén ti, badng minh vao tay > wa Trd Wei di 1 ni di... - oa N6i cho moi ngwdi thy ehhog vo van d6ng (Thin kbiic) Va ngay ck Ding-io 3 lén dfn tinh neve rot mh vin khong gifu obi nhing xic dqug cbs long mish Tinh yéu oi! ein thi tht trong déy tim to . Nhfn sinh quan Co-d8e gido tim ich hg thip tinh yéu nam nf thi Bécétxié, nbé vin va nha nhin vin cha nghta Idn cia nude Y lai dé cao nd, kB ck tinh dye cfa né. «Céy chuygo murvi ngty> (Décaméron) cia dng kt v8 mot nan « djch xy ra & Flé-ring-xo lam hang nghin ngwi chét, chi con sing sét c6 7 6 géi va 3 chang trai, Ho nght do chuyga song g@p va in choi trée ting. Ho thay ae ngwii lim vua mt ngiy va trong ngiy &6 ho kd ha, u mbi truyén fio lam nhw mh Khu truyba cho &6 Ib ta ahito Ho» cia ogwai ap chi in : rose — ette + rose elle. 63 Scanned with CamScanner\ rBi, Sécharpia di din t6i chd phot bay mot. ofch ‘ts ste |, nhirng tfoh céch hin vgt vwoo leo mot céch bi i ; =m vigo chifn thing ofc thé lye pbin aoe8- a a nt hai-dong ho phong kifo thi djoh nhao a oe Rosas eon. Fost) i aphe ta 40; mi ti 45 durgy 40i méi ning got each ti 15%. — Joliét : Nhu vay t6i 165i eang m6i tdi sao ? — Romés : Toi I6i tir méi tdi eang mdi vdng. Ldj tréeh méc méi déng yéu lam eso | Vay xin nang hay tf Igi ti t6i 15i (Iai hdn). ROi Péde-xi-a, rdi Dexdémona,, tim thy strc manh, ldng ding cim va oy thong minh ci, minh trong tinh yéuly trong, trong khat vong tinh thin cia thii dai nbfo vin cha oghia. + Tri tug Bing viée nzhién ciru va truyto bé oBn vin hoc, khoa hog, triét hoc cd dai, dic bigt bing vige xfy dyng nhiry phwong phap phé phan triét hgc va giéo duc, ché nghia nbin vin di gép phin quan trong vio viéc mé réng tim mit van héa cho ohdn logi, Tritt 1¥ tir nhién, cha nghta hodi nghi, cing véi «chit nghia duy ly la co e& d® c&i teo tr twéng con ngwrvi tir ch’ oghia quyén uy Trung cd eang chi ghia phé phin ofa dei» (Con-rét), Cha nghia quyts 07 aural suena , va a6 18: Kinh théoh 44 pbés at a ai, tr4i lai la chét (1), Dn thoi Phuc hug ” 64 Scanned with CamScannercon ngwdi bit din hobi oghi gto dita Trung ob : Kinh thénh o6 thd Ja gid d6i, Con ngwrti chip nbfn chin 1¥ qua ey phén xét ca ly ttf. Va ho éfu tranb chéng hé tr twong Trung od didi nggn cd cia ly tri. M6t oh’ nhao vin cha oghfa b&y gid ndi:¢Ta la ngrvi, moi sy quan trong trong cdi ngwei du c6 th? gidi thich theo l¥ tinh cia con ngwvi>., Méng-te-nho, nha triét hoc Phép thé kj XVI, wa ra ludn didm ndi titog sau dy: , 65 Scanned with CamScannera j dau tién dua ra ch, Rerbole Auge rem aie bok thee (Kha trinh edi efch gido duc: gido dy y ty bch khoa do Ra-bo-le xée lip), theo céch n6i higa y Ia gido duc todo dign, gom ch Bite, “ beniys 46 dng dic bigt ohio mgoh vai ted ¢ & duc 4y, dite, «khoa hoe khong e6_ lroog tam chi la or hiy gi tam hdn ma théi» (1). Ong quan tim cA dén Biko dye thie nghigm nbiim két hyp gido dye khoa hoc vei a0 Ang, hoe véi hanh, ly lugn véi thire tién, wich v& véi cude dd, «Sich d2 gitip hg quan sét cudc dei ma cudc doi thi hioh phi la d2 gidi thich nhirng cau trong séch>. Trong tw cich mét chong trinh bach kboa nbim dao tao ra nhitng con nguvi ckhdng 1d vé tai ning va hidu bist eu rong, (abime de acience), n6 khéng th? tranh khéi ev ohdi nhét kits thifc, vi vay ma sau ndy Méng-ten-nho c6 ly do a2 dvan lei phan bién dy site thay8t phyc : (2) : + L¥.twéng \ gasy duge sf ménh lich si cia minh, cic nhév dt thei dai Phuc hog da hing say birée vaio cuge doi Wi mét nbiét tinh cao, mét.ly tréng Iéo, Béng-ki-sbt tron téc ph&m cing tén cia Xéc-van-tét, nbd viin lon Tay “Bee Nba 48 dong dac tuyéo bd khat vong lf twéng cba mish: «Sit m@ob ca ta la sia chia obtrog dito sai trai @ quio hung beo da gly ra cho dng logi, 1a tring pit pbing ki d& gay ra ditu de, d8 tré thn cho abios ngudi ve géa, con obi’, Hamlet cda Sée-xpia ciing néu khét vong Ién lao, myc ich cao c& ofa minh :e0i! vf 1 i tm hn Cat (2) CAit plotot Le tee bien faite que bien pleine> (les Esssi) 66 Scanned with CamScanner. 2 “at dvi déo digo | Phi ching ta sinh ra lb 48 dep yén moi troy, | n5i bit binky. ay, Cang ly twéog nhfin vin chi nghfa, nbung agudi og! traée khfing dinb, ogwbi sau nghi vin. Nghi vida la mot ay di higu dio trung cho tim trang ca ahitu ohdo vit vio iy, ge Phyo hung, khién ho bj phin thfn gitra digo rd vA © dy sing sudt (Béng-ki-sst) giéa thyc dyoz va huyén tréng \ hig (Kingad, Panaca), gitta , it» *mudn dwa tuong lai vao hién tai mot cich qué som> Ty! (Hai-no), twa trung la «lam twéng ring ché a6 bigp si cb ang thE So kb6p voi mi thdi dai» (Céo Méc)-}Hamlet toy «. «6 nhitng ¥ nghia khdng 18, nhirng ¥ chi lei ohw mat dite tré, c& logng chogng .trén méi birée chén-di, dri ate * néng ofa mét at méoh virgt qué kh& niivg anh ta> (Biélin- 10" xki), diing 1a (Ban thdo kink té — trite hoc 1844) w. sic—xpPla (1564 — 1616) Séc-xpia Ih “din hn cia thdi dai, ky ti cia efn khfiur, (V.Huygo). cing thiy c6 obit sinh @fng hon Ia toda bi via Dito (F, Kogghen) Bing tego ota hbi cia soe git mice «Nha tho nio trén thé gigi ma tra Ibi dEtsin, Stoxpia, Get. Séoxpia Ik nbd vift kjch VE si obit thé gigi» (Gode-ki),. : Scanned with CamScanner