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List of welding processes

This is a list of welding processes, separated into their respective categories. The associated N reference
numbers (second column) are specified in ISO 4063 (in the European Union published as EN ISO 4063).[1]
Numbers in parentheses are obsolete and were removed from the current (1998) version of ISO 4063. The AWS
reference codes of the American Welding Society are commonly used in North America.[2]

Contents
Arc welding
Oxyfuel gas welding
Resistance welding
Solid-state welding
Other welding
Notes and references
See also
External links

Arc welding
Name N AWS Characteristics Applications
Bare Metal Consumable electrode,
(113) BMAW Historical
Arc Welding no flux or shielding gas
Carbon Arc Carbon electrode,
(181) CAW Copper, repair (limited)
Welding historical
Continuous
Flux Cored 136 FCAW
consumable electrode Industry, construction
Arc Welding 137 FCAW-S
filled with flux
Gas Metal Continuous
131
Arc Welding GMAW consumable electrode Industry
[3] 135
and shielding gas
Gas Nonconsumable
Aerospace,Construction(piping),Tool
Tungsten Arc 141 GTAW electrode, slow, high
and Die
Welding [4] quality welds
Nonconsumable
Plasma Arc
15 PAW electrode, constricted Tubing, instrumentation
Welding
arc
Consumable electrode
Shielded covered in flux, can
Construction, outdoors,
Metal Arc 111 SMAW weld any metal as long
maintenance
Welding [5] as they have the right
electrode

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List of welding processes - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_welding_processes

Name N AWS Characteristics Applications

Automatic, arc
Submerged
121 SAW submerged in granular
Arc Welding
flux
both tube ends are
electrodes; no
Magnetically
protection gas; arc
Impelled Arc 185 MIAB pipelines and tubes
rotates fast along edge
Butt
by applied magnetic
field
Atomic Two metal electrodes
Hydrogen (149) AHW in hydrogen Historical
Welding atmosphere

Oxyfuel gas welding

Name N AWS Characteristics Applications
Air acetylene Chemical welding process, not
(321) AAW Limited
welding popular
Combustion of acetylene with oxygen
Oxyacetylene
311 OAW produces high-temperature flame, Maintenance, repair
welding
inexpensive equipment
Oxygen/Propane Gas welding with oxygen/propane
312
welding flame
Oxyhydrogen Combustion of hydrogen with oxygen
313 OHW Limited
welding produces flame
Pressure gas Gas flames heat surfaces and Pipe, railroad rails
PGW
welding pressure produces the weld (limited)

Resistance welding
Name N AWS Characteristics Applications
Two pointed electrodes apply pressure
Resistance spot Automobile industry,
21 RSW and current to two or more thin
welding Aerospace industry
workpieces
Two wheel-shaped electrodes roll
Resistance Aerospace industry,
22 RSEW along workpieces, applying pressure
seam welding[6] steel drums, tubing
and current
Projection Semi-Automatic, Automatic, Welds are
23 PW
welding localized at predetermined points.
Flash welding 24 FW
Butt joint surfaces heated and brought
Upset welding 25 UW
together by force

Solid-state welding

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List of welding processes - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_welding_processes

Name N AWS Characteristics Applications

Joining of corrosion
resistant alloys to
Coextrusion Dissimilar metals are extruded through cheaper alloys or
CEW
Welding the same die alloys with more
favorable mechanical
properties
Joining of soft alloys such as copper
Cold pressure
48 CW and aluminium below their melting Electrical contacts
welding
point
Titanium pump
Diffusion welding 45 DFW No weld line visible
impellor wheels
Transition joints for
Joining of dissimilar materials, e.g.
Explosion chemical industry
441 EXW corrosion resistant alloys to structural
welding and shipbuilding.
steels
Bimetal pipelines
Automotive industry,
Tubes or sheets are accelerated by
Electromagnetic pressure vessels,
electromagnetic forces. Oxides are
pulse welding dissimilar material
expelled during impact
joints
The oldest welding process in the
Forge welding (43) FOW world. Oxides must be removed by flux Damascus steel
or flames.
Thin heat affected zone, oxides Aerospace industry,
Friction welding 42 FRW disrupted by friction, needs sufficient railway, land
pressure transport
Shipbuilding,
Friction stir A rotating non-consumable tool is aerospace, railway
FSW
welding traversed along the joint line rolling stock,
automotive industry
Metals are pressed together at
Hot pressure elevated temperatures below the Aerospace
HPW
welding melting point in vacuum or an inert gas components
atmosphere
A hot inert gas applies the pressure
Hot isostatic Aerospace
47 HPW inside a pressure vessel, i.e. an
pressure welding components
autoclave
Bimetallic materials are joined by
Roll welding ROW forcing them between two rotating Dissimilar materials
wheels
Solar industries-.
High-frequency vibratory energy is
Ultrasonic Electronics. Rear
41 USW applied to foils, thin metal sheets or
welding lights of cars.
plastics.
Diapers.

Other welding

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List of welding processes - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_welding_processes

Name N AWS Characteristics Applications

Electron beam 51
EBW Deep penetration, fast, high equipment cost
welding 511

Heavy plate
Welds thick workpieces quickly, vertical
Electroslag fabrication,
72 ESW position, steel only,
welding construction,
continuous consumable electrode.
shipbuilding.

Joining rails in situ (in

Distortion is minimized, and the thermal cycle
Flow welding the form of thermit
is relatively benign [7].
welding)

Induction welding 74 IW

Laser beam 521

LBW Deep penetration, fast, high equipment cost Automotive industry
welding 522

Combines LBW with GMAW in the same

Automotive,
Laser-hybrid welding head, able to bridge gaps up to 2mm
Shipbuilding,
welding (between plates), previously not possible with
Steelwork industries
LBW alone.

Percussion Following an electrical discharge, pressure is Components of switch

77 PEW
welding applied which forges the materials together gear devices

Exothermic reaction between alumnium

Thermite welding 71 TW Railway tracks
powder and iron oxide powder

Continuous consumable electrode, vertical Storage tanks,

Electrogas welding 73
positioning, steel only shipbuilding

Welds studs to base material with heat and

Stud arc welding 78
pressure

Notes and references

1. ISO 4063: "Welding and allied processes - Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers" (1998)
2. "Welding Inspection Handbook", 3rd edition, American Welding Society, ISBN 0-87171-560-0, Miami, FL, pp.
10-11 (2000)
3. Also known as metal inert gas (MIG) welding or metal active gas (MAG) welding.
4. Also known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding.
5. Also known as manual metal arc (MMA) welding or stick welding.
6. Also known as electric resistance welding (ERW).
7. "‫ جوشکاری گدازی‬FLOW Welding | ‫ شريف‬+" (http://www.sharifplus.ir/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84
%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1
%DB%8C-%DA%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-flow-welding.html). www.sharifplus.ir (in Persian).
Retrieved 2018-09-28.

Cary, Howard B. and Scott C. Helzer (2005). Modern Welding Technology. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:
Pearson Education. ISBN 0-13-113029-3.
Lincoln Electric (1994). The Procedure Handbook of Arc Welding. Cleveland: Lincoln Electric.
ISBN 99949-25-82-2.

See also
Welding
List of welding codes
Symbols and conventions used in welding documentation

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List of welding processes - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_welding_processes

laser cladding

External links
Welding process information (http://www.keytometals.com/page.aspx?ID=CheckArticle&site=kts&NM=75)
Resistance welding process information (http://www.keytometals.com/page.aspx?ID=CheckArticle&site=kts&
NM=76)

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