-PERCEPTIONS-II re eel General English Course Book & Comprehension Il SEMESTER B.Com./B.B.A. and other courses Under the Faculty of Commerce and Management SR Me si eerste ee Oe Oe ee Editors E Dr. Geetha Bhasker : ; Dr. K, S. Vaishali z es . ie | - ay Prasaranga al ; 3&)) BANGALORE UNIVERSITY “Sem Bengalutn - 560 956 eneNEEN:he a ys % TT oes e454, 4 1. Money -Muppala Ranganayakamma Brainstorming > Imagine a day without money----. experiences. nolo tae ees > What are your perceptions about money----- is ita means or an end? > Dowry, ao evil system, is followed by almost all irrespective of either rich or poor. Do you agree? > Do the gifts which are actually given as dowry help the daughters in their future? Discuss. The Author. - Muppala Ranganayakamma is’ a well-known. Marxist_ writer who is best known for her work Ramayana Vishavruksham. The progressive thinker and writer was born in 1939. in. the f A.P. She isn’t a product of any upiversity and couldn’t study high school ‘because of adverse circumstances. ‘As a self-made writer and critic, she has written about 15 novels, 70 stories and many thought-provoking essays on gender equality, narcotic drugs and the plight of women in Indian families. West Godavari district 0!Her important writings are “Das Kapital’ and Eman non-governmental awards. “Money” is a short story, ori in Telugu and is translated published in Andhra Jyothi social evil of dowry and how the human element in’ marital r A crore! A crore!! What’s a crore? Money! Cash! Rupees! One crore rupees!! Dowry!! » It is? What's wrong. in asking for. a: patio) tke most lucid manner to reach As a Marxist writer, she oppos' 6 : ne crore as dowry!! Isn’t that.a surprise?? - AN Introduction to Marx's. 0 a of Janaki. She writes in the hearts of the readers. ed both governmental and ginally written as “Dabbu” by N.Usha. It was first Weekly. It addresses the greed for dowry subsumes elationships. That highly-educated man.asked for a acy latge dowry: sen, i 2 TUTTE CCeed ¢t¢ ¢lity ee isicnonene st €.4_€-4 ¢ § ieee ae h N . exist. _ He isaman!.She isa woman': Then, what’s so surprising? the prospecti hella a eaucae aie tera “in-law agreed stantial ry! 25 oe i subs! a ty! That’s a surprise! iEven a to give a js not a surprise anymore! That’s another SOEs dowry T surprise! js even. that a surprise? surprise! ! How rich he would have bi i ae een to give away a Ble ts ecas me dowry! That Pda pn oe Rec crores or hundreds of crores! So to part ati Te as a dowry’ is not a big deal. Even that is not areal surprise!” ~~ Then what’s the real surprise? That young woman’s attitude really surprises me. Like him, she is also educated. Surprisingly, he has agreed to live with her only if money is given as dowry. Even-a ‘well-educated man’ asked for adowry! Even a ‘well-educated. woman’ has agreed to give a dowry! * he and she will still eer Tae If we set aside his and her ‘education’, b Evert here the “n education has no valu books. oe ‘th refnains?** It's 1 : ‘ the mere weight of * part. fromi tive father. — are in my prospec’ 4 “should I take # Boe ita oe son-in-law consulted the in-law’s property?” the wou elders. ; : i ent ones. “Take whichever is more,’ quipped ne intelligs S. s pied yet rtie tae Isnt avfite 3 ‘Mama! What’s more?’ the son-in-law asked. Mama answered, ‘A share in the property would be ten rupees more, but...’ But what, mama?” ana tat : ‘Should I forsake ten rupees for the sake of tradition?’ One clever gentleman sensed. the ‘impending danger -and* warned: ‘If it is a share in the property... your wife would: - inherit the property whereas the dowry will be only yours’. : ‘When the wife is mine, will not her property be mine?” was the son-in-law’s clever remark; ~.° 0) °*. a “We can’t say. Times have changed! cee es ‘Really! Have the times changed so. much that my wife may _be under my control, but her Property may not‘be mine?’ “Your wife too may not be tinder your control,’ ee ‘Oh! Is that so? Then, wh : co b zt at do I ce asked the son-in-law :accept the dowry even ig Fee share in Property May not be man/ a) Tupees less. Asking for a an intelligent thought for a the son-in-law liked this de pach ee Bessteaan oa s but how could he affbsids 2 uld he ai I tant José oz read That was his Problenre He weiohed ant considered the problem and earn a gn intellect. led to use his own He declared, “I will not give up even those ten rupee: «what will you do? How HE LW aed et eee will you a4? clever gentleman, you handle it?” asked a, pact oe see....! Mama! You bétter add ten extra and give. me ‘'a crore and ten rupees” ...or else...” ‘Orelsé?*-asked'the ma ‘Look out for another match!* : ‘Oh, no! Don’t disgrace me in public,’ entreated the mama and agreed to all his conditions. The alliance was then fixed! ‘My dear son-in-law! To see “money” in hard cash-is my pleasure. It would be a bliss to see a mound of coins worth acrore. Have you éver seén that?” j |’ But why did you say @ ‘crore’? It is “a ‘No, mama! ‘Nevei : . You better stick to your word. crore and ten rupees”if 1 deposit the cash in @ bank ang | will not have the satisfaction the pleasure of receiving it, “take my word for it. give you a simple cheque. of giving it nor will you have ure of So I will give away the money 1n cash. Take it. “Okay. That will save me from paying income tax.’ “That's the benefit. You need to be aware of profit and loss at every step. I had this hobby of collecting ten-paise coins and preserved them in gunny bags. Bags of money! J placed them in a large shed and locked it, You must see it to believe it.’ ‘Why did you mention a crore of ten paise coins? What about another ten? Will you show me the bags of coins mama? Jt would be a feast to my eyes’. “All those bags are yours. Your dowry!” ‘Si ‘0 many bags? Have they been counted properly?’ Nd €s, my workers counted and packed those bags.” “Workers! They w of We can’ ! ‘ould have pilfe pilfered half of j i: rust them. They don’t know how to a i a ae > Tight!” ‘t's all right. I wi ‘ ae will give-you an will be weighed in front Barat extra bag of coins, They GSS nO perrriiryereeteuess az J S g eS 9 oe oy oe & EO fad) at! Will “you” count them? er the wedding > No Ing. t now. You can count pom aft nat if I get less eput W Money th, ‘an assured?” 2 Nie vt api give you twice the difference, 15 a pee 7 t fine?” Fine. Gi : ._..Fine. Give me the key to the shed immediately.” ely. at's with my daughter,’ ga ‘Oh no. She might lose it ae es key right now.” * ees wedding: Ske Eo a “All right. Whatever you wish! Here’s the key to the shed that contains a crore of rupees! Careful!!’ ‘Did you say a crore? Isn’t it a crore and ten?” ‘Just as you said! A crore and ten. One extra bag too.” Immediately after the wedding ceremony, the bridegroom, in his fine wedding clothes got up from the wooden plank and rushed towards the shed! He started counting the From that moment, he lived in the world of coins sight. Sunrises, years and all money! and the real world disappeared from his full moons, new moons, seasons, moonrises, e of coins. of nature vanished in the lustr The wheel of time moved on! ‘ eRk of coins, twenty-four 7 ae ee rage and shouted: ‘Forty/paise ‘| He promised me an extra bag. Whis is him a Jesson. 1 will make him touch He jumped from his seat and turned As he count e passed by- He shiv Jess! What a fraud! betrayal! J will teach my’ fect’ to’ apologis around. Two women stood there and watched him in wonder. The elder woman appeared over forty-five and the young woman resembled her mother. The mercenary bridegroom looked at the older woman. mutely and tried to remember her! r ‘I.... marriage... You? Isn’t that you?’ ‘Yes.’ “Then, I refuse to live with you!” ‘Is it? Why?? ‘Call your father. How es even the interest or the g i. SE ae tivall Tecover. “My di i y fort Owry is less by orty paise. What else?’ ‘It may be it may ean “Tor in counting ‘ ‘No. The worl Kets must have pi ave pilfered that amount,’ ‘How did he cheat you?’ m#NO’ if they wanted to, 4, invcaleuladenieae Be ay ld have grabbed more. It's who Will bear the “mj, A stake ee ask hin\ to hurry upp ake"? "Call hat father of yours! “i «t's five years since he died” -pied? Without informing me! w . -Many thinks have ha : i ‘ho will pay me the rest?” jmmersed yourself i Pat ea your knowledge. You martied. I came to meet you i nS moment we got put you'd be engrossed a aie n in the next two per eanith ve . ing. Whenever I tried to speak with you, you’d shout at me in anger to go away and you would lose count. Sometimes when you lost count, you'd rush to the first bag to start all over again. 1 realized my mistake soon enough. 1 lost interest in you and felt that death was better than living with you. Fortunately, a noble came into my life. When I expressed my desire to my father was‘reluictant, but later agreed MWe | thout dowry. Oii'that day ‘\ocaitie here t e at a distance, you shouted, | might lose count.” got married wi inform you, but seeing m Don’t come. Don’t come. ‘] gave birth to a baby girl after two years. When | came here to communicate it to you, you lost patience and tically to g° away. Sol decided to wait tll gesticulated fran! neem you finished your count. Twenty-four years have elapsed! ‘Twenty-four years?”ty. on Leet ee us on Our wedding di om Ee cet Five governments have changed in ests ies ‘has completed her graduation M suffered a loss in business and lost their prop rty. My band and I lived happily father died-of grief. My Ieee] : together as we never showed any interest in pr of us are employed and depend on our incom¢, did not turn this way, I would be in darkness efen today. | would have merely thought of giving this money as dowry to my daughter. But today, I hate to hegr that word “dowry”. Dowry is as deadly as Sati, Imprfsonment and Suicide. I told her about our story. She came here in order to have a glimpse of the odd specimen who has been counting money for twenty-four years. If my father had not given this money, if no one had given you a dowry, you would have led a normal life. You still do not seem to realize what you have “lost” in your life on account of money. I have waited fot years to make you understand and say these words! I wanted to help you.and pull -yau-out of this adversity, but your focus remained only on the calculation of money. Now that you have finished counting, I am happy that I let you know my mind.’ Vor pb uuu 4“ ‘Huh! Happy! Who is happy? Forty paise less. Your father promised me to pay double the difference. All lies. Who will pay me eighty paise?? rt Both the women turned to leave the place.-gtuiborn idiot!” sai stubp HOU” said the g, ‘ ‘ughter, “Half the ea is mine, Tea jive with this man who dem, T understand how J ¢ as hapky that my landed money toi perged to hy MY Parents gave ley to live with me.: 1 put could\not think beyond that jg 4 8% COM for my sake tin ignorance.’ eyou hav4 reali ice sg se aan SOUnE Tauleaehavench Cae mEE ven Ni SOBRE Jas ae why would he? ou ven e received oh dowly ef etn He did not give but t a ‘That’s why he has been: “uni ae He has lost & lifetime!” Punished” for his wrong deed! «As dad said. the problem lies in the accumulation of wealth. - Mother, how did grandpa hoard so much wealth? You said that one should refuse fo live with a man who demands dowry. But one should refuse to live with a man who has property. Dad is right when he said that the entire problem: revolves around property.’ . sifopedty and dowry?” iehat‘is the ‘conitedtion betw ‘The connection is quite clear. if parents have some property, daughters must get a share of it But they do not give a share to daughters, unfortunately. The reason for this is a different matter. Instead, they: discriminate against ‘ i in th f dowry. ve a little money in the name ° daughters and gt ust division of The problem of dowry implies an unj property and nothing else’. “What if the parents 40 not have property? ‘elave propery Ne rs equal ‘Let’s discuss that pa aera daughte! ; ei among the divide that aE a Dera issue does not a Gf “dowry “sive it in the Bs property, they give it in sg custom. Tho daughters and so it has Pan tee not have property follow the become a practice, a tradition. { many such i indless ‘If daughters continue to be mind traditions will develop.” if daughters iffe veny i it we *t make a difference eveny " Se er Who bothers about a daughter’ 8. ye minds of their own. 4 es If parents stop giving dowry for their daughters, then calculations regarding their property will begin, Today, marriages are -being arranged on‘ the aoa of property. If dowry is ‘abolished, “dowry” transactions would turn into “property” transactions. Girls who hold Property will be able to get married. No property, no marriage. Therefore, the “dowry problem” is in r “property problem”. ‘ The mother agreed with the daughter. “What else can you expect in the lives of greedy people except an obsession with calculation of property? If not ten-paise Coins, they count ten-rupee notes or hundred- a ee If they don’t spend twenty-four ‘Years they will spen twenty-four hours counti: i , , unting th i the only difference. The mania for i ieee cat ot i and happiness I eset poe” - It cannot heaj Tuptured ions! relationships, orMoth, She Lee a4 SANNOL think of loving, &man y phem ther looked at her da a ae MUphtoy dauphter ane smiled, Dor Considerab] * 10 remark ; looming/threatening + to plead with : to thieve On a small scale > brightness/shine : basely commercial : to make signs and gestures with hand Quip © substance tmpendini Entreat pilfer Luster \ and eyes Adversity 4 : bad times Mania : irrational liking Short newer Questions : 1. What did the prospective son-in-law desire in the story “Money”? > What does the expression ‘Dowry why is “] Crore as dowry” not a surprise? 3. “Education has no value apart from the mere w donor mean and eight” means: a. Transferrin b. Gathering information c. Being mere degree-holders si 4. What was the clever gentleman ® : g knowledge from books to memory ‘ans moral values dvice to the son-in- law? , } 43tween the father-in-law hy peearere Mention the final deal bet | | Ba the son-in-law. ee a ne aa 6. What did ne ac he aware of the wheel ©: ti ie Seow son-in-law angry with the father-i ou 3 bas — women who approached the s#n-in-law plate toe eae ceed = the story blame hefself when i yoman in 9. Why did the wom: ee ee - she met the groom after a : 10. How was the greedy son-in-law punished? oa : 11. Greedy people are obsessed with calgilation of property. True/False 12. What, according to the author, is th between property and dowry? 13. The mania for money cannot buy __-__ 14. In reality, the dowry problem is a connection Paragraph Answer Questions 1. What, according.to the wife, was her husband’s loss? 2. Describe the meeting between the son-in-law, and his wife and the wife’s daughter. 3. The greedy son-in-law in the story holds a mirror to the modern grooms who demand dowry. Discuss. Essay Answer Questions 1. Explain the theme of M ‘ oney Versus Relationch; evident in the story. lationships as 14The short story, “Dowry System” 2 “Money? by’ igs that degen ettiahts the social evil SENErALCH the Moral values. }iscu: How does the story py : ic n obsession with anything j Bi 3. & OUL the j the idea that excessive S unhealthy? suggested Reading King Midas’ Golden Touch —.-p ~--> The Greek short st story paheli---- Bollywood movie Language Activity CLAUSES A clause is a sentence which is a part of a larger sentence. when he saw the Example: -The student moved away Principal. There are two kinds of clauses: Main Clause — makes a complete sense by itself and can stand alone. In the above example; “The student moved away” is the Main Clause. Subordinate Clause — depends on the main clause sy completion of meaning and cannot stand alone on its Own. 15 F-3 28D Sem.B,com.Brainstorming f : > Namea few walls recently built between countries. alls built and demolished. What. is the « > Name famous wi necessity of building walls? ~ ©» > Don’t you think the division of the w' , of caste, creed, religion, gender, S. nationalism etc. is worthless? Discuss in groups. . y Wall signifies barriers too. ‘comment. es S? |. The Author < | D.s, Dadhalkar is a well known Marathi poet. He has - published many poems on dalits and women." : “wall” is originally.in Marathi, translated, wp: as. Priya Adarkar and Ashok Chakravathi.. “Wall? literal and metaphoric significance. The ‘world divided on the basis of caste, creed, religion, rac ete. Man has erected artificial walls. In the:narhe of |~ walls, there are violence, discrimination, bloodshed and- death. The rational thinkers are against walls between. human beings and have tried to demolish but the Conservatives try to retain them. So;“it takes revolt and : revolution to demolish the walls in order to bring the | world peace and harmony. 120cs tleates _ Many people on many ceasions * -Taised their hands against them i Wreeveereerey yecently took & contract F demolish the walls of buildings , yrs not only buildings pat have walls ; Villages do, too, And we've heard of worlg wars fought for the walls of Nations, For the time being, I’m Just demolishing walls. Idon’t know how many generations have ee by But these walls. ambled toy built by Biaridpas’* 2:11 of that time : are really tough. c : : Did they need to be so hardened 2-0-0" 90) ‘0 protect humait beings? —————-—---——— For some, their hands become bloodied.- While thi eon & 2. 3 g 5 oo Q And my organs.of S85" lay mutely: by those a like motionless sfU8°": __.e fe ut On enquiring, 1 found © the walls themsel d drugged them with 0} y 1 see ves ¥ pium ha Maybe that’s wh, even today, machinations ir ople What does one say to these peoP engrossed in politely hiding that they’re slaves of the age!, n walls. ee Tt IRINININIS I myself should break down these walls and become a compass to them. . That’s why, with a special purpose, I’ve taken this job: It won’t be finished right away But I too don’t wish to finish right away. Once I?ve.smashed these. walls-isxinibeC oi new houses will take birth spacious and lovely. Only those who,can-enthare; space wide enough to gallop.in. . Should liye = or else, _ they’re welcome to die. . « » PlLoffer’a memorial nra and be doné with is, aaqone) & > ooh Lone z ARG alusy A person approat Sa hal: morning, Person: Goo 5 Principal::Good:morning: Please take'your seat. What can I do for you? am Shankat Shakeshai : Thank you. I «iy ee a ae tg ah ny ‘daughter Slit in’ yout’ college next peat pl SQ ae j course ? Principal: That’s good: -~™ a: She has taken up her II PU exam now ‘ What about her chances? : - B.Com: > co a e a sv College , ds a pretty good chance if she scores at Pent oe 125°"< 7. CAGED BIRD x -Maya Angelou ) Brainstorming y >» Everybody loves freedom. Then. why are birds caged? y >» What are the emotional and psychological effects of gy being oppressed? - S The Author Maya Angelou, born Marguerite Annie Johnson (4" April 1928 — 28"" May 2014) was jan,.American poet, memoirist, ‘and Civil rights. activist. She published. seven L autobiographies, three books of r # essays, several books of poetry, and r was credited with a list of plays, movies, and television P shows spanning over 50 years. She received dozens of awards and more than 50 honorary degrees. Angelou is : best known for her series of seven autobiographies, which focus on her. childhood and early adult experiences. The first, 7 Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969), which brought her international recognition and acclaim, is | about her life up to the age of 17. Clete She was coud as a spokesperson for black people, and women, and her works have been considered a defense of black culture. “Caged Bird” is a poem which considers the conditions of the ‘free bird’ and the “caged bird’. Actually this contrast between the birds enables her to a herThe reader can Caged in’ to the human e |¢o The poet describes a bird with clipped wings. Its feet have peen tied, and it has been Placed in a cage that prevents it from flying away. Despite its fear, the caged bird continues to sing of freedom, + Angelou, describes the joy soaring through the sky. + Angelou then describes a bird feet tied and wings clipped. « The caged bird rails Against it of its fear, it sings of freedom. wndition as well. that a free bird takes in that has been caged, its 's imprisonment. In spite A free bird leaps on the back of the wind and floats downstream till the current ends - and dips his wing i in the orange sun rays and dares to claim the sky. 6 es neBut a bird that stalks his narrow cage down hn ee throu! can seldom S' his bars of rage a his wings are clipped 2” his feet are tied so he opens his throat t sing: The caged bird sings with a fearful trill: 6f things unknown but longed for still and his tune is heard on the distant hill for the caged bird sings of freedom. The free bid thinks of another breeze?» and the trade wirids oft tHUULEHES Shing w and the fat worms waiting’ 6 ee eae and he names the sky hisown ao But a caged bird st : i ands on the S shadow shouts on a nigh of dreams 1, . = : acu are clipped ang his ee Scream . © Be opens his throat tq <9, “et ate tied: baThe caged bird sings with a fearful trijy of things unknown but longed for sti) and his tune is hearg on the distant hill for the caged bird sings of freedom, Glossary Current : . + a large Movement of water in one direction oe : Stalks down; to move persistently up and down’ Bars of rage : the bird’s pent up frustration and anger at its situation Fearful trill: a vibratory,or,quaveting sound which - on yaikgensisithahihencisan uacertainty, «,... an i hin,its.sqn Siu Leas Grave of dreams: a death image, the hopes and dreams of a whole race of people are dead ore Shadow shouts on a n htmare scream : shee a the scream due to.a rightening dream i Seren Shadow instead of the bird; suggestive 2 es One pays heed to the desperate cry of the the Cage.a £ the free birgy jons flight 9 ? Short Answer Questo ibe ne is gubject 0 Ethe des¢! ae aeam Pees es what 15 2. Who is the speaker poem? ws Be 3. Who/what doe’ aaa eer a. The people who live prejudice of any type i oppressed A b. The shackled feet of t ‘ eee c. The unheard cries © * refer to in the second stanzap What does “bars of rage” Ba m 5. The word, “clipped” in the poe: literally and___—__ _—_——— olize?, d unconstrained by ® means 6. arenas shouts on a nightmare scream” suggests that Ee ‘ a. the bird does not concede defeat and sit silent in the cage, instead it sings in support of freedom b. the bird has no hope for freedom and shouts out loud > c. the bird is scared of its nightmarés’andit shoutsiat * the top of its voice : eis Neer _ 7. What is the tone of the poem? 8. Mention two examples of imagery in the poem. 9. The poetic devices used in the poem are a. Alliteration b. Personification cH Imagery d. All the above ) Sees eeeeoeTeesssesTsey) A Aer tan Fe a Oeparagraph Answer Question What are the fear. : c ats Of the Aged bird as described jj a Scribed in the Why does the Caged bird dreams”? 4, Describe the free bira?, a rd’s surroundi the surroundings have in the ae and-the effects So Essay Answer Questions 1. Explain in your words the message conveyed by the poem. ee ee 7 2, Discuss how the theme of self-awareness is brought out in the poem. Why do you think the metaphor of a caged bird holds "so much meaning for Angelou? Do you think the metaphor applies to her life? Elaborate. oy ae ee Suggested Reading, scrudgin atito bossoe 2 bits Huckleberry Finn — Mark Twain . © i King Lhave a Dream —Martin Luther k i 13 Twelve Years a Slave—- Hollywood Movie (2013) w5. Homeless in the “Global Village’ -Vandana Shiva Brainstorming a eo » Can development and nature go hand in hand? » What makes farthers protest against development? » Which environmental movement are you familiar with? Discuss. NE ieieietety ef The Author Vandana Shiva, born on Sth November, 1,952 in Dehradun, i an Indian philosopher,’ ‘environ mentalist, author, professional speaker, anti-globalization author and social activist. She is one of t the leaders, board members of the International Forum on Globalization. and has’ authored more than. twenty books. She received the Right Livelihood Award in 1993, an honowr known as an "Alternative Nobel Prize”. Vandana Shiva developed an 5 | interest'in environmentalism during a’visit home, where Is | she discovered that a favourite childhood forest had been cleared and a stream drained so that an apple orchard could be planted. The ‘present essay ‘is taken from the book Ecofeminism jointly authored: by Maria’ Mies and Vandana Shiva. She argues how developmental activities uproot the ecological and cultural bonds with nature. =A? POI Dees I, , [ ! —_— roehet 99¢6 Yb 7338S‘% yy z wv v’ ¥ + ¥ ¥ 5 7 zy z. - r x 5 r > . > > a” * Y) {0 sense of rootedness But the cultur pal market integration ang th rs © cre: 2 jeld' for transnational Capital, eer ass es eases in real and meee creates conditions of ays/The corporation executive who finds a home eae very Holiday €rms of deeper cultural n and Hilton, “i$ homeless in ‘ally-rooted tribal is made physically homeless by being uprooted from the soil of ner/his ancestors. Two classes of the homeless seem to be emerging in this ‘global village’. One group is mobile on a world scale, with no country as home, but the whole world as its property; the other has lost even the mobility within rootedness, and lived in refugee camps, resettlement colonies and ‘reserves. The cumulative ‘displacement caused by colonialism, development and the marketplace has made homelessness & cultural characteristic of the late twentieth century. Development as uprooting inilitary basis.-- these are the Dams, mines, energy plants, ; temples of the new réligion called. ‘development, a.religion: that provides rationale for the modernizing state, : bureaucracies ‘and technocracies. What is sacrificed at the altar of this religion is nature's life and people's life. te sacraments of development © made of the a Pa desecration of other sacreds, especially me i create dismanting ae eae isthe S the uprooting of people and ee a and society, 1 thother, the womb of life. in : S Aerising principle for societies d backward and pt eeerheysc ce from bygone age but jn having a cred, what must be preserved. anects the part of the whole. stained; Jimits must be set managers of he org#! primitive. 3 declare’ inviolability has been ¥ rr contempor which ‘development’ hai But these people are ow us not in belonging to a different concept of what is sa °Thé sacted’is the bond that co! The sanctity of the soil must be su: on human action. From the point of view of the development, the high priests of the new religion. sacred bonds with the soil are impediments and hindrances to be shifted and sacrificed. Because people who. hold soil as Se will not voluntarily allow themselves to be uprooted, ‘development' requires a police state and terrorist tactics to ee pen away from their homes and homelands, and ae me . set and cultural refugees into the rc industrial societ Bullets, as. cwell, as rs, are often necessary to execute the develo: ” , the de pment ‘Project. BI-Daig, ta aiglade ts “Sachi Baie inde? of this“ i ine evial Vishia ahlS HaeooB Sad experienced ‘their own uprooting and ha iprooting anid ‘have ‘tesistea it esistéd ‘it, Butpave BEEN sacrificeg to ace, factories, and wildlife park, "date mines, dame one word echoes ang Teverberates j of Indian people Struggling aa ie songs soil. Foy these resource, it provides the ver and slogans developme: i" People, soil is hot mae Y €ssence of their being, For iety the Soil is still a sacred used "Devel opment! has meant ihe écol gi “of Bonds’ With" Nature: “and’ , it has meant the transformation of organic communities into groups of uprooted and alienated individuals searching for abstract _ identities. What today are called ecological movements in the ‘South: rootedness, tmovetients" aE apni begitis. “And what aré Benerally perdeived: as ‘ethnic ‘struggles are also, in their own way, movements of uprooted people sees social B3¢ Uliyral roptedngss. These asadnRAHeBIES afipsonte Cea ip gS aS MAP ANI OBIS BHA Sae shrebnie shed ane cont over their destinies. Tees t * - evelopment: projects oa en snd P = 5 tween pi , poet the. erst ‘anid sever: the-bonds | ue SEUCE i e tute ty The. ‘soil is our 2 words of adivasiwomen of the ‘Save Canaan ae embraced the earth. while ae areal from the blockade sites in the 0% oe Dhanmati. a 70-year-old woman ; "We will sacrifice our lives, but no en to save this hill which gives us all we . a source The forests of Gandmardhan ee eae diversity and water resources. : < pase streams which in turn feed majo e1 as the 2 movement y y by the police hills in Orissa, he movement had said, Garidmardhan. We want of rich plant 22 perennial suchas the ,, Gandmardhan Mahanadi. According to Indian mythology; is the sacred hil! where Hanuman gathered proere to save Laxman's life in the epic Ramayana; the - ae now to be destroyed for ‘development’. It ees desecrated by the Bharat Aluminium Company (B to mine for bauxite: BALCO had come to Gandmardhan after having destroyed the sanctity and ecology of another important mountain, Amarkantak ---- the source of the tivers Narmada; Sonne./and..Mahanadi. The sdestruction. of Amaitkantalc Wai. higtiveostite Rayefrresaniy any case, turned out to be'-much: siiall estimated. To feed its 100,000 tonne alumini Korba in Madhya Pradesh, esrivthiohysin len thar voriginally | um plant at BALCO has now moved to Orissa to begin the tape of the 82 »Gandmardhan hills, WINN WUVVY Gout eeeoUCoVY™ o D pe, eSgndlia és am: gurplus- The mining activity ho needs of the Indian people industrialized countries WEVer, is dictated not by the eee demands..of | aluminium Plants and encouraging alee over jike India.” Japan has reduced its eee ee capacity from 1.200.000 tones to 140.000 tonnés and a imports 90 percent of its aluminium requirements, The same Peoenese companies have proposed: éetting up joint ventures in Indian export processing zones to manufacture aluminium products with buy-back arrangements’. The survival of the trials of Gandmardhan is thus under threat because the : tich countries want to preserve their environmeri, their economies and their luxurious lifestyle. In Bihar, ‘the =homelands’ of ‘tribals in the Chotanagpur plateau. are being destroyed to mine coal and iron ore and to build: dams ..on “its .riversisThensWorld: Bankefinaneed ts | SuvamiarékhasdmmsisiBeimg bhiltowithich USS Whinsitiion A loanyprtintarilyst6 provide isldustrial water forthe.expanding: steel city of Jamshedpur. These dams will displace 80,000 tribals. In 1982, Ganga Ram‘Kalundia, the leader of the tribal anti-dam. movement -Wwas shot’dead- by the police. Seven years later, his fellow tribals. continue to resist the building of the dam because it will tear them away from the h has provided them Soil of their birth, the soil whic! ca Susténance which links them to their ancestors. As Sine Biruli of the movement against Suvarnarekha dam says:pasis et ~~ erty 5 are the Our children Row 2st01 iety- cn F ; inks with our ane ur 50! ae the burial sites oo ae oe reproduction He which i of OUF .ANCEStors and o| the stones way: aa ing around the urndives lose a) up playing Ft erent gi u0uk? ; our ancestors. TI an our ancestor sa How an they relatit al . Without pee enor compensi i } y talk meaning. They ing Of OUF lives ery meaning for the loss of the Oo e dam? They talk of : si compensate us i rial stones under etme sacrecher ay fee they ever rehabilitate rehabilitation. Can nd they have violated?" oo ta of Ralltapiaré Tesivehe aie In coastal Orissa, the people fe aes which wil] A ional rocke Setting up of the nationa : ile homeland, The F their fertile displace 70,000 people from 1 ‘ i the Protesters repeatedly assert their bonds a a 4 i basis of their resistance to the testwange!:TheJand an with the soil which fiag ich se tania ins oy Baliiaparrepa wag AE Ohigh, Bae jstan pag Waive & Wstom tom of ii Miles of eécoa’ ‘2 and cashew plaritatién Countless, lixurjant ~ betel-vines i AP Born, draw green artistic designs on the carpet of brown san, Bars om WU VV VVNNND GUY Wei 6-< CUFOCUVLLE OE OEECCESP. ave adorned your dusty Ror prergrece: ney have given the People A nigh hope for along, Prosperous: lifes. infused into hearts of working people an eternal hope to live, put, today, suddenly, covetous eyes of a POWer-mad hunter have fallen on your green body To cut it to pieces, : to drink to heart's content fresh red blood. A damned hunter has indiscreetly taken ‘aim. . at your heart. 2: To launch a fiéry missile. For, communities who-derive thelr sustenance, ftom the soit it is not merely a physieal property,situated in} Cantesian space; for them, the soil is the source of all meaning. As an Australian aborigine said, 'My land is my backbone. My land is my foundation’, Soil and society, the earth and its. people are intimately interconnected. In tribal and peasant societies, cultural and religious identity derives from the Soil, which is perceived not as a mere ‘factor of production’ but as the very soul of society. Soil has embodied the ecological and spiritual home. fer most cultures. its the Womb not only for the renzoduction of biological life butitomi: lth i tomizes al a ife; it eb» Iso of cultural and spiritual Lee deepest sense. also of aa d is | : ‘ sources of sustenance an ‘phum', OF soil, as thejr astar See of plants, animals, iverse i a ral spiritual space " tw trees, and’ human’ beings. It ae pare and songs that which constitutes memory MYT” © pum! is the name make the life of the community. fneites in a village. for the concrete location of social s ing: Savyasaachi reports a village elder as SAY e treés are signs of my The Hill Maris tribe Ba B ia home. 'Shringar Bhum' 1S "The sun, the moon, the: air; the jong’ as these Continuity. Social life will continue oo ce Iwill die continue to live. I was born as a part of the "bhum’. + w s when this ‘bhum’ dies... I was born with all others injiits ‘bhum'; I go with them. He who has created us all will zive us food. If there is so much, variety and abundance in ‘bhum’, there is no reason for. me to worry about food and continuity."* The soil is thus the:condition for the regeneration of nature's and society's life. The renewal of society therefore involves presetving the soil's integrity; it involves treating the soil as sacred. Notes: 1. Fernandes, Walter and Enakshi Ganguly Thukral 2, Bahuguna, Sunderlal iG ee oe, : ce Navjeevan Ashram, Dalene © News. Mimeo, 86: Bandyopadhyay, 3 . {ndia.13 December eeruas we + Mustrateg Weekly of = a : © 8 field trip to Suvarnarekha submergence area j in Septemb s er 1989, - Savyasaachi,., j Be é sit MW, Erederj Banuri, Dominating ene Marglin.... and, Tariq coming. jowledge. Zed Books, forth- : Glossary Transnational eapitak iti : : Capital: itis the social stratum that contrals .f50 of) >. the-supranational 3 Global village : Shrinking:of the world into a village due to developed technology Colonialism :the act of one country controlling the another for economic growth Sacraments’ “~~ "gin ‘imipottant religious ceremony in | nes Oe he’ Christian church “such s baptism, etc. Desecration ~ : to damage Sanctity + the staté or quality of being holy, sacred or saintly : « ° 4 st Consign - assign, allocate, ent» ns Aborigine a person, animal oF “plant ae z 2 ‘ion ym been in 4 country of Teg}O 0 “earliest times Hill Maris sa tribe Bea.jons 3 $i. aioe oa aneles pysically 1) Who is culturally aracteristicg pia jtural chai «tribal peo? ae 2) How are the Lala snes de i 3) What has ma‘ ee ¢ of the late 20th cent a religion 4) Name the temples of i if } ; fe 5) What is sacrificed at # i es 6) The victims of progr oe sacrifice as not a big © True/False? arger i interest national int . the larg 7) The victims of progres 4 the soil to. accommodate Seen A for 8) The forests of Gandmardhan oe a) asource of plant diversity - ; s b) a source of water resources vib 20 ¢) a source of development projects .-...., d) a source of Gandmardhan aNERReE (i) aand b (ii) band c (iii) a andc (iv) aandd 9 Who desecrated Gandmardhan? Why? a . 10) Nhat is the geological significance, of Mount Amarkantak ? pare, Oe rile: homelands in’ the Chotanagpur plateau being destroyed? : : 12) Give one reason for buildit 13) Why bg Suvari; ekha dans, rn x mers Teject compensation sacrificed their links' with - s have ~ — VN ix . i ,CGbY UUUUU UE UEGCL UV ies puoevw WUVUY waee q h AG ' graph Answer Quoc, ! Ce; h are th Se a p Which are the two gy a ‘global village’? ‘Buller AS Well as pb +) ulldoze “execute the develop. “€I8, are o; exe PMent Project’ ene Necessary to asses of homeless emerging i ging in the 4 Why do we see the “ eal? Be ans of protest bee Word ‘mati! used 4 ‘ slogans ers Against develop, M songs and. a 2s ment? ee ee noie on the Gandmardhan Moy icc ° Sears ‘ment, 5) Discuss the geographical and mythological signi of Gandmardhan forests. 1° OBical significance oak F gssny Ariswer Questions mding between < 1) How has development destroyed the bo: s man and nature? 2) 'Though the destruction of natural resources is not necessary, -yet in India“ i€°¢ohities!’ Diseuss with T examples narrated-by'thé Aiithior” ~ : 3) How are "the soil and society, the earth and its people" : ; intimately connected? 4) Ecological destruction and indiistrial development are a threat to‘evéryday life. Elaborate! Suggested Reading ,, eager Uuinte 1. ithe citizen - Dr. R. Balasubramaniam, .° 2 Chief Seattle’s Speech4, CARTOONING | - Rasipuram Krishnaswami Laxman | Brainstorming po. Creativiry: strike. > The creative s a spark which: can rt gushes out os a fountain When tured on at the right time. > It takes a sensitive mind to spot en direction. | The Author I we Rasipuram Krishnaswami Laxman, well known as R. Be Laxman, was a cartoonist who created the comic strip \ y ou Said I, featuring the “Common Man”. The comi | San chronicled the life of the average Indian. his hopes, | a e hardships. The character is a much loved pra et i a masses and has entertained coe eae oven We past several decades. | on with drawing began early on and 6sed to look at the illustra 1 |pevePafgs he could and filled the gone ae 0! with doodles. It did not ¢, awing was his life’s callin, er for himself as an artist, He Sete ene gchool of Art, Bombay; ban ee ee ne d. He did not dwell in disappointment Hae 5 {is up freelance projects sly with newspapers, ever ‘ . ako >» eventual es his first full-time job as a political cartoonist. a yas only later that he joined ‘The Times of India’ where | lhe created the Common Man”, the character that every indian would come to identify with. In addition to being a cartoonist he was also a writer and had published numerous Short stories, essays and travel articles. This is an excerpt taken from R.K. Laxman’s autobiography “The Tunnel of Time”. Magazines and le began drawi aa rawing oors and walls of his ake him lo; ng to i f and set aby Tealize Our teacher’s appearance conformed to the classic stereotype.. He was lean and-d: clumps of hair cascading from. ith -untrimmied mossy’ ipper “lip: -“One- could never see his mouth fully, only his front two teeth which juited out like a rabbit’s when he smiled or grimaced. He wore a turban, a tight coat and what was called a cycle- choti — it was wound round in a manner that made the legs resemble narrow drainpipes. A stale smell of beedi hung about him permanently. rex him he left the When the urge to have a smoke came va ee to keep Sty who told us si 64eee tor 1) 1 the Crow and ty, q, while the ro 5 abou’ = way’ e donke se EP erst =tOU met een CYA Reed narrated a sa ile and . attention as ready inces or the id no} princes we did n¢ rivat€ gossip ;, : our prival Pin the court jester. oa d at a paper dart sudden), ies; + . f knew the co no eo piece of chalk fly whispers. oY re from DOES names of the suspects towards thd in ate ike a bullet, he sons oa teacher, who meanwhile past li a 5 list to ind the toil Later he submitted HF | nis need behin rs ie relaxed quietly and sat! and boys. He 7, peons block, out of sight of the ae Pace returned to class trailing the pungen s in charge of the Fl 7 ing the class in. ¢ One day, instead of leaving nee monitor before stepping out to have a coun rs B x t usa task: we were ordered to draw a leat, any Z This was something new and exciting and all the boys at once set about it enthusiastically. We were soon absorbed in the creative task, Some boys sat wondering trying to imagine. leaf. One fellow drew a banana leaf that was so big it went out of the wooden frame of the slate. Another Ee alter pondering for a while and. failing to visualize a “cal, announced loudly, ‘I am going to draw an elephant instead!? 0 busily engaged that we had not ' either leavin Thus we were - Ven noticed the teache: Cn rs couple of Jong thumps Si te ving or returning. A back to Teality, me able with the cane brought us CnLFLEE “ i” Mah authete age ree en a < i , o wu wouUYs UO OTTO OT pou vor rueasked us to quer ple os eens . sue up an | ris one by one our effo! 4 © one, murmur | xs. Sometimes he twis M8 comr ‘sted a boy, ei marl e yn on. en cane down the leg of another, ments and giving ‘ar or brought the : i " SS ee cee ee it was my wn, he mgly long ti ‘ ig time and asked eg, ‘Did you draw it yo) nd stepped back, eae qokman was tightened mon peg us to draw, sir... ve Soe In EPER, fumbling for a safe excuse, But yen nee see jo. be held. my slate up before the clas and announced -Attention! Look how nicely Laxman has drawn the leaf He turned-to me and said. ‘You will be an artist one day Keep it up.’ He gave me ten marks out of ten. He was ae impressed by the perfect shape of my peepal leaf and the details of the veins branching out along the midrib. 1 had seen these leaves countless times strewn on the road under the peepal tree, and I could draw them effortlessly. 1 was inspired by this unexpected encouragement. I began to think of myself as an artist in the making, never doubting that this was my destiny. is ahd doors of my house Father sitting in a chair like that of a Roman air circling My drawings on the floors, wal began to proliferate. Once | saw and reading a newspaper. His profile, senator, stood out clearly and the fringe of gray B x a his bald head like @ greath added to his imposing appearance. { S k. My mother who - with chal or with She began to I sketched him’ on the flo ms ek “| was passing by recognized the c8n £3it! ave a look at itl Ne er re have ce. Mother insisteg laugh and invited ™Y it off at on ey ecaws a fi iously ordered met! 5 came hora ained on ie uriously ordel A ers: if re remained on the malt oa the caricatur (ae in i veyailed. am . disa| he Finally she pt ere gill it faded and e tim floor for a long course of time. of fun, gossip ang and 1ess\@ PISCE 8 \ School began to be less fier year from class tg oj year a! 5 Sea ae BO aa and complicated and the as ecame to 5 class. The lessons becam ing, 1 was especially teachers were increasingly tr roto ciceTane weak in arithmetic. It was a nightmart 2. fifteen mangoes equally among three Pp nee heros good in history and could name villains ee ee Fs ify civilizati nd centuries.: Similarly warriors and identify civilizations ar ; i coe an I could remember the names of mountains tivers in geography. UG COE TEMES | We read prose which taught us moral values. such as truthfulness, honesty, showing respect to elders.and so on, expressed through: characters: ,in folklore:;and mythology. The themes of the poems we were ‘taught also ‘urged us'to internalize the principles of noble conduct. One of the most powerful poems was about a cow cal lied Punyakoti, grazing along with others of its herd. But. Punyakoti. somehow strayed on the way back home in the evening. A huge hungry tiger accosted the cow m, Punyakoti promised his dinner after suckling wT 80, but to his utter 64 paring PPOs G00 0 0.00: F UFOS vsurprise she was true . Gmiek The tiger wasits nau oror™se and eta medaned oe © Moved by Punyakoti's ty saa 8 honesty: that ae pe ~eW himself from the edge of the The other equally educated: Kannadipas One day he accidental! unforgettable poem known to all oe that era was about a woodeutter. God wanted to test i ee a a tees po 1 sty. guised as a fisherman, Bes) retrieved the axe from the bottorn of the pool and gave it back to the woodcutter, But upon finding that he axe was made of gold, the man returned it-saying it was not his. God-again: plunged:into the-pool ‘and came up with another axe; thi time-made of silver, which also was refused by the woodeutter. Finally, when the old iron axe was retrieved and offered, he accepted it with deligh:. God was pleased with his honesty. Revealing his divine identity, he blessed the woodéulttet and rewarded litt’ suitably O13 eh a < : wnflag4 adi paidininldgetyyatténtion. tothe wie en 1s, in {distenkdro Une teackis zextys baganing fandgumbrabveanteatred thd) lesson disliked the arithmetic class.’ [used to choose a seat at the back during this:period. The arithmetic teacher matched his dreaded. subject.in appearance; the vertical white-red-white caste mark’ om his forehead gave him a permanent frown. | could not help thinking that he resembled:.a tiger cub Thad oe alas ‘ 7 seen in the.z00."° a drone of his voice without ening to the drone 2 “i rs was saying. He had covered the One day. I was lis paying attention to 45= At od TI Beate | c Shamipion: t ada PlSefortoyt asta! Ng cream; s SUF rinks FE, Theres Is Hlerity, fof Trane gy thine axGDHoF 7} oo 5 ou wwuvued uu vv voce a : ou peuuuuud oo % 7) ni igviney oeph Glossary stereotype + a Standardized idea or concept Cascading _: to fall like a waterfall Grimaced :.an ugly facial expression Pungent : sharply affecting the taste — Brone taste Proliferate + to increase in number Caricature: a picture exaggerating the peculiarities of persons, or things Folklore _—_= traditional beliefs, stories, songs of common man’: Short Answer Questions Why did the teacher leave the classroom How was the class in the teacher’s absence? What was the task given by the teacher! What was the father’s reaction 10 Mention one thing the writer jated-an most in school. |” aie at times? the caricature? d enjoyed.the nnn on Vs ehoestions Paragraph Answe? a aeper’s APP: Te Desoul aa ee function 1D class. earance- Jain the monitor's ain how the writer appreciation. felt encouraged by the teache, UVES » » Essay swer tions ‘ i fe ~~ ie ‘tories mentioned im the Jesson. Whale : j pildren? ? morals do the stories teach cnt Hs - 2. The moral stories had @ great impact on the Wiser? creativity. Explain. - ae ee s Suggested Reading s 1. Indiaculture.nic.in : s 2. Times of India.indiatinies.com’ “= wm od 3. Phadnis Gallery: Journey of his Cartoons * ee y gictbe 3 y S aeeaee 3 ie DK ul ) Language Activi , the : guag . 7 “REPORTED SPEECH. -: = se ae B Quoting another’s words as they are to. some other person iss called the direct speech. It is indicated by writing the> ean ea A ne uoted words within inverted commas. Repor ting someol q ANE I else’s words in the Teporter’s. words ie: ie, ' 5 Stated by the original speaker, is called i pot ae Teported spéech. For instance i G oc ee : andhiji said, “Truth is God” - Direct Speech 4 peec 3 2 , 70 : 7 + a indirect speech 0 ES Bra > > >