Specification of Power Transformer Page 37 of

87
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All components in the LTC control cabinet shall be capable of continuous operation with an
air temperature inside the cabinet that is 10°C above the outdoor ambient temperature as
specified in Section 4, Service Conditions. Any load tap changer shall be capable of
successfully completing a tap changing operation without damage if an external short circuit
occurs while the load tap changer is changing taps.

Line drop compensator, control relays, time delay relays and facilities for readily reversing
polarity of reactance compensation. See Data Sheets for specific transformer.

High loads on the change-over selector, caused by large breaking currents and large
recovery voltages, result in the formation of more gas. Use of the snap-action contact is
recommended when average gas volumes of 7-10 ml and more are being created per
change-over selector connection. Mechanism shall be provided in Tap-changer
compartment for reducing the amount of gas produced during a change-over selector
connection. The volume of gas shall thereby be reduced by around 80-90%.
Typically it is named as The Active Gas Inhibition/Reduction System (AGIS/AGRS)
.AGIS/AGRS shall be provided for high-voltage & high Power Transformer.

Local and Remote Control

Equipment for local manual and electrical operation shall be provided in an outdoor cubicle
complying with Section 2. A thermostat controlled anti-condensation heater is to be provided
in the cubicle. Electrical remote control equipment shall also be supplied as specified in the
Schedule A - Schedule of Requirements.

The following operating conditions are to apply to the on-load tap changer controls:

(A) It must not be possible to operate the electric drive when the manual operating gear is
in use.
(B) It must not be possible for two electric control points to be in operation at the same
time.
(C) Operation from the local or remote control switch shall cause one tap movement only,
unless the control switch is returned to the off position between successive operations.
(D) It must not be possible for any transformer operating in parallel with one or more
transformers in a group to be out of step with the other transformers in the group. Any
deviation in the position of tap changers has to stop further function of the AVR. (Out
of step protection)
(E) All electrical control switches and local manual operating gear shall be clearly labelled
in an approved manner to indicate the direction of tap changing, i.e. raise and lower
tap number.
(F) Emergency stop push-button at local and remote control positions.

Oil Filter
Each tap changer is to be equipped with a stationary on-line oil filter facility, complete with
time switch control.

4.7.3 Automatic Voltage Control

Automatic control shall be suitable for control of transformers in parallel. In addition to the
methods of control covered by Clause 4.7.2, the following methods shall also be provided.

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Design, Supply, Installation, Testing & Commissioning of 132kV GIS Substation at
Fatikchhari and associated transmission line on Turnkey Basis
Specification of Power Transformer Page 38 of
87
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(A) Automatic Independent - It shall be possible to select automatic independent control
for each transformer irrespective of the method of control selected for any other of the
associated transformers.
(B) Automatic parallel - It shall be possible to select any transformer for master or follower
control.

It must not be possible to operate any tap changer by supervisory, remote or local electrical
hand control while the equipment is switched for automatic operation.

4.7.4 Voltage Regulating Relays

Automatic voltage control shall be initiated by a voltage regulating relay of an approved type
and suitable for flush mounting. The relay shall operate from the nominal reference voltage
stated in the Schedule of Requirements derived from a circuit mounted LV voltage
transformer having Class 1.0 or 0.5 accuracy to IEC 60044-5 (for capacitive) IEC 60044-2
(for inductive) and the relay voltage reference balance point shall be adjustable.

The relay bandwidth shall preferably be adjustable to any value between 1.5 times and 2.5
times the transformer tap step percentage, the nominal setting being twice the transformer
tap step percentage.

The relay shall be insensitive to frequency variation between the limits of 47Hz and 51Hz.
The relay shall be complete with a time delay element adjustable between 10 and 120
seconds. The relay shall also incorporate an under voltage blocking facility which renders
the control inoperative if the reference voltage falls below 80 percent of the nominal value
with automatic restoration of control when the reference voltage rises to 85 percent of
nominal value.

On each transformer the voltage transformer supply to the voltage regulating relay shall be
monitored for partial or complete failure. The specified indicating lamp and alarm will be
inoperative when the circuit breaker controlling the lower voltage side of the transformer is
open and also that when the tap changer is on control other than automatic control.

4.7.5 Remote Control Panels

The remote control panels specified in the Schedule of Requirements shall be floor mounted
sheet steel cubicles of approved type, layout and colour to Munsell notation 5Y-7/1 and shall
be provided for each transformer. The control cabinet shall be of weather‐proof construction
with dip edge over hanging cabinet doors. Cabinet door to have provisions for a padlock.
Each door shall be equipped with a holding bar or other mechanism to securely hold the
door open at least 110° from the cabinet against winds gusting to 25 miles per hour. Lamp
receptacle controlled by a door switch and located remote from control wires. Receptacle
shall be for IEC standard medium base lamps. 100W equivalent LED bulbto be supplied.

One (1) 20 Amp, 230 VAC, single phase, wire grounded duplex convenience receptacle(GFI
protected) shall be provided in the control cabinet.
Weather‐shielded, screened breather holes shall be furnished at the top and bottom of the
cabinet.

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Design, Supply, Installation, Testing & Commissioning of 132kV GIS Substation at
Fatikchhari and associated transmission line on Turnkey Basis
Specification of Power Transformer Page 39 of
87
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The bottom of the control cabinet shall have a removable plate suitable for the Customer's
conduit connections. The removable plate shall be 8" x 20" or larger. The dimensions and
center line location of this plate shall be clearly shown on the outline drawing.

Each shall form a complete enclosure with lockable rear doors and shall be fitted with interior
lamp, door switch, heaters, cable gland plates for bottom entry of cables and all other
equipment to provide the features specified, the standard requirements (which may be
varied to suit Manufacturer's design) being as follows:

• Instruments:
– Voltmeter (voltage at the low voltage terminals of the transformer)
– Tap position indicator with integral or separate scale to indicate the no-load (LV)
Voltage in kV appropriate to each winding tap.
• Relays:
– Automatic voltage control
• Controls:
– Automatic/Non-automatic voltage control selector switch
– Remote/Supervisory tap change control selector switch
– Pistol grip selector switch with centre zero
– Independent/Master/Follower selector switch
– AVR voltage reference adjuster
• Indications and Alarms:
– Tap change in progress - white lamp
– Tap change out of step - amber lamp
– Tap change incomplete - amber
– Tap change control on "local"
– Tap change control on auto/manual
– Group 1 Air forced cooling equipment running - white
– Group 1 Air forced cooling overcurrent alarm - amber
– Group 2 Air forced cooling equipment running - white
– Group 2 Air forced cooling overcurrent alarm - amber
– Forced cooling failure-amber lamp
– VT Fail alarm - amber
– Supply voltage to OLTC failure - amber lamp

Remote control schemes shall be entirely suitable for operation with the distance between
the transformer and remote control panels as shown on the Specification drawings.

4.7.6 Off-Load Tap Changers

An externally operated DETC shall be provided for the high voltage winding taps.The off-
circuit tappings as specified in the Schedule of Requirements shall be provided on the higher
voltage windings for a variation of no-load primary voltage as specified.The DETC shall
include tap positions as described in the Appendix section. All taps shall be full capacity
taps.

A positive type position indicator shall be furnished, complete with provisions for padlocking
the DETC in any on‐tap position with padlocks having 3/8" shanks and 2" x 2" x 7/8" bodies.
A suitable weather shield shall be provided over the padlock and positioning pin and shall be
designed to eliminate the need for tools for access. Any exposed portion of the mechanism,
such as a position indicator or geneva gear, shall also be furnished with a weather
shield.Off-load tap-changing shall be carried out by means of an external hand-operated
tapping switch mounted on the side of the tank. All phases of the tapping switch must be
operated by one hand wheel.
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Design, Supply, Installation, Testing & Commissioning of 132kV GIS Substation at
Fatikchhari and associated transmission line on Turnkey Basis