Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling,

redness, and tenderness in the joints, most commonly affecting the big toe. It is caused by the buildup
of uric acid crystals in the joints and surrounding tissues. Here are some key details about gout:
Causes:
 Uric Acid Buildup: Gout occurs when there is an accumulation of uric acid in the blood,
leading to the formation of sharp, needle-like crystals in the joints.
 Hyperuricemia: Elevated levels of uric acid, known as hyperuricemia, can result from the
overproduction of uric acid or the impaired ability of the kidneys to eliminate it.
Risk Factors:
 Diet: Consuming foods rich in purines, such as red meat, seafood, and alcohol, can contribute
to elevated uric acid levels.
 Genetics: A family history of gout increases the risk of developing the condition.
 Medical Conditions: Conditions like obesity, hypertension, and kidney disease can be
associated with higher uric acid levels.
Symptoms:
 Sudden Joint Pain: Typically, the first symptom is intense pain, often in the big toe, but gout
can affect other joints like ankles, knees, elbows, wrists, and fingers.
 Swelling and Inflammation: The affected joint becomes swollen, red, and tender during gout
attacks.
 Limited Range of Motion: Joint mobility may be impaired during an acute episode.
Diagnosis:
 Medical History and Physical Examination: The doctor will inquire about symptoms,
family history, and perform a physical examination.
 Blood Tests: Testing for elevated levels of uric acid in the blood.
 Joint Aspiration: Extracting fluid from the affected joint to check for the presence of urate
crystals.
Treatment:
 Medications:
 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Reduce pain and inflammation
during acute attacks.
 Colchicine: Helps relieve gout symptoms and prevent future attacks.
 Urate-Lowering Drugs: Allopurinol or febuxostat may be prescribed to lower uric
acid levels.
 Lifestyle Modifications:
 Dietary Changes: Limiting purine-rich foods and staying hydrated.
 Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce the risk of gout.
Prevention:
 Hydration: Adequate fluid intake helps flush out uric acid from the body.
 Healthy Diet: Moderation in consuming purine-rich foods and alcohol.
 Regular Exercise: Helps maintain a healthy weight and promotes overall joint health.
Gout is a manageable condition with appropriate medical intervention and lifestyle adjustments. If
you suspect you have gout or are experiencing symptoms, it's essential to consult with a healthcare
professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.