SNU5242 Kjyhk; mku;T: tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gilfs;

Kjyhk; mku;T
tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gilfs;

cs;slf;fk;

❖ mwpKfk;

❖ tpNrl fy;tpj; Njit vd;why; vd;d?

❖ mq;ftPdf; nfhs;if gw;wpa mbg;gilfs;

❖ tpNrl fy;tpj; Njitapd; Nghf;Ffs;

❖ cs;slf;fy;

❖ tpNrl fy;tpiag; ngWgtu;fs; ahu;?

❖ tFg;giwapy; gy;tifik

❖ rhuhk;rk;

❖ Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;

❖ crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;

mwpKfk;

mjpf vz;zpf;ifapyhd CdKw;w gps;isfSf;F mtu;fsJ rfghbfs;

Nghd;Nw xNu tFg;gpy; xNu cs;slf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. kWGwj;jpy; mjpfkhd kPj;jpwDs;s gps;isfspy;
Mw;wy; kpFe;j gps;isfSk; ,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. mjpfstpyhd tpNrl
NjitAs;s gps;isfs; cyf juj;Jld; ,izaNt vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.
xU epge;jidapd; Ngupy; ehk; ,jid Mjupf;fpd;Nwhk;. tpNrl fy;tp
Mrpupaupd; Kiwahd xj;Jiog;G ,d;wp ,J eilngWk; vd;W ahUk;
vjpu;ghu;g;gjpy;iy. tpNrl fy;tpAld; njhlu;ghd vz;zf;fUf;fis mwpKfk;
nra;tNj ,t;tku;tpd; ,yf;fhFk;. tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gil
vz;zf;fUf;fs; gw;wpAk; mj;Jld; tpNrl Njitf;fy;tp njhlu;ghd
RUf;fkhd mwpKfj;ijAk; ePq;fs; fw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.
,d;iwa tpNrl Njitf; fy;tpapd; epiyia tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd xU

1
Copyright © 2010, The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL)
SNU5242 Kjyhk; mku;T: tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gilfs;

gpd;dzpahfNt tpNrl fy;tpj; Njitapd; Nghf;F cq;fSf;F

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

NkYk; cs;slf;fy; vz;zf;fU kPJ cq;fs; ftdj;ij ikag;gLj;Jtjw;F

ehd; Kaw;rpf;fpNwd;. tpNrl Njitf;fy;tp gw;wpa fw;ifapy; tFg;giwapy;
epyTk; gy;tifikAk; xU Kf;fpakhd vz;zf;fUthFk;. vdNt ,e;j
vz;zf;fU njhlu;ghd xU RUf;fkhd tpsf;fk; ,t;tku;tpy; toq;fg;gLk;.

tpNrl Njitf; fy;tp vd;why; vd;d?

tpNrl tiff; fy;tp vd;why; vd;d? kf;fs; ‘ tpNrl’ vd;gjhy; fUJtJ

ahJ? tof;fkhd fy;tpf;Fk; ,jw;Fkpilapyhd NtWghL ahJ? ,t;
tpdhf;fSf;F tpil fhz;gjw;F rhjhuzk;> tpjptpyf;F Mfpa vz;zf;
fUf;fisAk; gps;isfs; tpNrl fy;tpiag;ngWk; tpj;jpahrkhd
tifg;ghLfisAk; ehk; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

xt;nthU gps;isAk; jdpj;JtkhdJ vd;gJk; tho;f;ifapd; ,ia

ghw;wYf;fhf xt;nthU gps;isf;Fk; cjtp Njit vd;gJk; Kf;fpakhff;
ftdpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. vJ vt;thwhapDk; rpy gps;isfs; ghlrhiyf;
fhyj;jpy; FWq;fhy my;yJ ePz;lfhy tpNrl fy;tpj; NjitAilatu;fshf
cs;sdu;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf cjtp Njitg;gLk; gps;isfs; tyJ
Fiwe;jtu; my;yJ CdKw;wtu;fs; vd;W toq;fg;gLgtu;fSf;F
ghlrhiyfspy; toq;fg;gLk; Nkyjpf cjtpNa ‘ tpNrlfy;tp’ vd;gjhy;
fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

cq;fspy; mNdfkhNdhu; tpNrlfy;tp vd;W fUJtJ FUlu;> nrtplu; kw;Wk;

cstpUj;jpaw;NwhUf;fhd fy;tpiaNaahFk;. ,e;Nehf;F rk;ge;jkhf my;yJ
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l tifapy; ,JNghd;w ghlrhiyfs; cUthf top
NfhypAs;sJ. khztu;fs; fy;tp vDk; ,r;rkhe;jukhd ghlrhiyfs;
mikg;gjpy; ,j;jifa khztu;fs; toikahd ghlrhiyf; fl;likg;gpd;
gFjpahfg; nghJthff; fUjg;gLtjpy;iy khwhf mtu;fs; tpNrl fy;tp
ngWgtu;fshfNt fUjg;gLfpd;wdu;.

,j;jifa tifg;gLj;jYf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLgtu;fSk; NtW FiwghLfs;

cs;stu;fs; vd;W miof;fg;gLgtu;fSk; ru;tNjr uPjpahf ,d;W xU
jdpahd gue;j vz;zf;fUtpd; fPo; “ tpNrl fy;tpj; NjitAila
2
Copyright © 2010, The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL)
SNU5242 Kjyhk; mku;T: tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gilfs;

gps;isfs;” vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,e;j tpNrl fy;tpj; NjitAila

gps;isfspd; FiwghLfs;> Ez;zwpTf; FiwT Mfpad njhlu;ghf
kl;Lkd;wp r%f kdntOr;rpf; FiwghLs;stu;fisAk; kPj;jpwd; $ba
gps;isfisAk; Fwpf;fpwJ. ,tu;fs; ghlrhiyf; fl;likg;gpd; tpNrltifg;
gpur;rpidfis vjpu;Nehf;Fgtu;fshtu;.

khztu;fs; tpjptpyf;fhdtu;fs; vd;W fUjg;gLtJ vg;Nghnjdpy; mtu;fspd;

cs;shu;e;j Mw;wy;fis cr;repiyf;Ff; nfhz;LtUtjw;fhd
tifg;gLj;jy;fspd; NghJk; ghlrhiyr; nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; tpNrl fy;tpr;
Nritfs; Nghd;wtw;iw khztu;fSf;Nfw;wthW Nkk;gLj;Jk; NghJkhFk;.
tpjptpyf;F vd;w gjk; FiwghLs;Nshu;> kPj;jpwd; $bNahu;> mjpjpwik
tha;e;Njhu; MfpNahiuf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

fy;tp vd;gJ ghlrhiy nry;tjD}lhfTk; Vida mDgtq;fspD}lhfTk;

fw;Wf;nfhz;l tplaq;fspD}lhfj; jd;id khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;
nrayhOq;fhFk;. tpNrl Njitf;fy;tp vd;gJ FiwghLs;s kw;wr;
rpukq;fis vjpu;nfhs;Sk; kw;Wk; kPj;jpwd; $ba gps;isfSf;fhd tpNrl
fw;gpj;jy; khjpupfspd; njhFjpahFk; rpy khztu;fs; tFg;giwfspy; fw;ww;
rpukq;fis vjpu;Nehf;Fgtu;fs;. mtu;fSf;fhf ghlrhiyfspy; tpNrl fy;tp
mynfhd;W mikf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. Vidatu;fs; toikahd tFg;giwfspy;
ey;y Kiwapy; ,aq;Ftjw;fhd rpy Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l tplaq;fspy;
JiwNghff; fw;gjw;fhd topfhl;ly;fs; tpNrl fy;tpapD}lhf
toq;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

nraw;ghL : 01

m) %d;W Ngu;fis Neu;fhzTk;. tpNrlfy;tp vd;gij tiutpyf;fzg;

-gLj;jp tpNrl fy;tp toq;fg;glNtz;ba khztu;fs; njhlu;ghd XupU
cjhuzj;ij Kd;itf;Fk;gb Nfl;fTk;.

M) NkNy thrpj;j tplaq;fspd; mwptpy; me;j tiutpyf;fzj;ij kPsha;T

nra;f.

mq;ff; Fiwghl;Lf; Nfhl;ghLfis mwpKfg;gLj;j vdf;F mDkjp

jhUq;fs;.

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Copyright © 2010, The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL)
SNU5242 Kjyhk; mku;T: tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gilfs;

mq;ff; Fiwghl;Lf; Nfhl;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd mbg;gil vz;zf; -

fUf;fs;

FiwghLs;stu;fs; njhlu;ghd If;fpa ehLfspd; cyfr; nraw;ghl;L

epfo;rr
; pj;jpllj;jpd; mk;rq;fs; fPNo jug;gLfpd;wd.

1980 ,y; cyf Rfhjhu epWtdj;jpdhy; (W. H. O) gytPdk;> mq;ff;

FiwghL> tyJ FiwT njhlu;ghf Nkw;nfhz;l ru;tNjr tifg;gLj;jypd;
gb ,tw;Wf;fpilapyhd NtWghLfs; njspthff; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd.

gytPdk; (Impairment)

xU itj;jpauhy; my;yJ kUj;Jtg; gupNrhjfuhy; clypd; Xu; cWg;G

my;yJ cly; ,af;fq;fspd; mbg;gilf; fl;likg;gpy; my;yJ nraw;ghl;by;
,dq;fhzf;$ba xU FiwghNl gytPdk; (Impairment) vdg;gLk;. me;jf;
FiwghL jdpegupd; fw;wypy; my;yJ ,ay;ghw;wy;fspy; nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj;Jtjhf my;yJ nrYj;jhjjhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.

mq;ff; FiwghL (disability)

xU jdpegupd; nraw;ghL> ,af;fk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; gytPdk; ve;j msTf;F

ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wNjh me;j msTf;Nf mq;ff; FiwghL
jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;. mq;ff; Fiwghl;by; gytPdk; Ie;J gug;Gf;fspy;
nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk;. cjhuzkhf> MNuhf;fpak; (Health) r%f -
kdg;ghq;F> efu;T> mwpTrhu; Ez;zwpT njhlu;ghly; vd;gitNa mit -
gytPdk;rhu; mq;ff; FiwghLfs; itj;jpa cjtpapdhy; my;yJ NtW
topfspdhYk; Fiwf;fg;gl my;yJ Kw;whfNt ePf;fg;gl KbAk;.

tyJFiwT (Handicapt)

gytPdk; fhuzkhf cly; ,af;fk; cz;ikahf my;yJ ntspapy;

njupAksTf;F xUtiug; ghjpf;Fk;NghJ mJ tyJFiwT vd;W
,dq;fhl;lg;gLk;. jq;fspd; cly; ,af;fj;ijr; RUf;fpf;nfhs;Sk; epiy
fhzg;glhjtplj;Jk; Vidatw;wpd; fl;lisfSf;F Jyq;fhtplj;Jkd;wp
mq;ff; FiwghL vd;gJ tyJFiwT vd;w kl;lj;ij milahJ.

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Copyright © 2010, The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL)
SNU5242 Kjyhk; mku;T: tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gilfs;

NkNy toq;fg;gl;l tpsf;fq;fs; cq;fSf;Fg; gaDs;sjhf mike; jpUf;Fk;

vd;W ek;GtJld; ,dptUk; gFjpfis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; mJ cjTk;
vd;W ek;GfpNwd;.

tpNrl Njitf;fy;tpapd; Nghf;Ffs;

kuGuPjpahd FiwghLs;s gps;isfs; Vida gps;isfspypUe;J jdpg;

gLj;jg;gl;L murrhu;gw;w epWtdq;fshy; elhj;jg;gLk; tpNrl ghlrhiy fspy;
,lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jdu;. ,jd;%yk; mtu;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l njy;yhk;
Vidatu;fspd; mDjhgj;ijNaahFk;. gpw;fhyj;jpy; tpNrl Njitf;fy;tp
toikahd ghlrhiyapd; tpNrl myfhf ,aq;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. N[hd;rd;
(1990) Fwpg;gpl;ljd; gpufhuk; tpNrl NjitAs;s gps;isfis
Vidatu;fSld; xd;whf itg;gjd; %yk; tpNrl Mrpupaupdhy; cr;r
<Lghl;il toq;fKbAk;. ,t;thrpupau;fs; tpNrl fy;tpj;NjitAila
gps;isfSld; goFtjpy; Mw;wYk; Mu;tKk; cs;stu;fshf ,Ug;gu;.
,j;jifa gps;isfSf;F fpilf;Fk; ,d;DnkhU Nkhrkhd mDgtk;
ahnjdpy; ,tu;fs; ,uz;lhk; epiy tyJ FiwTf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLtjhFk;.
,uz;lhk; epiy tyJ FiwT vd;gJ r%f tyJ FiwthFk;.

vt;thwhapDk; ,yq;if murhq;fk; ehl;bYs;s midj;Jg; gps;isfspdJk;

fy;tpf;F nghWg;ghf cs;sJ. mj;Jld; 1939 Mk; Mz;bd; fl;lhaf;fy;tpr;
rl;l%yj;jpd;gb 5 Kjy; 14 taJ tiuAs;s midj;Jg; gps;isfSf;Fk;
fl;lhaf;fy;tp toq;ff; flikg;gl;Ls;sJ. fl;lhaf;fy;tpr; rl;l%yj;jpd;fPo;
tpNrl fy;tpj; NjitfisAila khztu;fSk; Vida khztu;fisg;
Nghd;w rk cupikf; fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. 1960 fspd; ,Wjpapy;
fy;tpaikr;R ghlrhiyfspy; xd;wpize;j fy;tp epfo;rr
; pj;jpl;lj;ij
Muk;gpj;jJ. mJ Kjy; tpNrl fy;tp Jupjkhd gy khw;wq;fSf;F
cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;NghJ “ tpNrlfy;tp” vd;w gjk; Fwpg;gpLk; tpNrl
fy;tpj; NjitAila gps;isfSf;fhd fy;tp toikahd ghlrhiyfspy;
xd;wpize;jjhf my;yJ xd;wpize;j myfpD}lhf tpNrl ghlrhiyA+lhf
toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; tpNrl NjitAila gps;isfis tpNrl myfpy;
NtWgLj;jp itg;gJ mtu;fspilNa xU vjpu;kiwj; jhf;fj;ij
Vw;gLj;Jtjhf mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fy;tp Kiwikapd; gy;tifikf;F ,lkspf;fNtz;Lnkd;w ru;tNjr

mq;fPfhuk; mz;ikf;fhyq;fspy; mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wJ. 1990 ,y;
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Copyright © 2010, The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL)
SNU5242 Kjyhk; mku;T: tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gilfs;

n[hk;badpy; eilngw;w I. eh. khehl;by; vy;NyhUf;Fk; fy;tp vd;w

tplak; ikag;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mj;Jld; 1994 ,y; ]ykd;fhtpy; eilngw;w
tpNrl Njitfs; gw;wpa khehl;bd;NghJ gpujhd fy;tpj;jpl;lj;jpypUe;J
Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l gy;NtWtif khzt FOf;fs; njhlu;ghff; ftdk;
nrYj;Jtjd;%yk; ,t;tplaj;jpw;F mjpf mOj;jk; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
Vidatu;fspy; ,Ue;J xJf;fg;gl;L tpNrl ghlrhiyfspYk;
gps;isfsplj;jpYk; Xuq;fl;b itf;fg;gLfpd;w khztu;fs; ,g;
Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l FiwghLs;s cyf khztu; njhifapy; mlq;Fgtu;fNs.

tpNrl fy;tpj;NjitAila khztu;fis rhjhuz tFg;giwfspy; Vidatu;

fSld; cs;slf;Fk; nraw;ghL cyfshtpa kdpj cupikfs; nraw;ghl;by;
xU gpupthFk;. ,k;kdpj cupikfs; nraw;ghlhdJ FiwghLs;s kf;fspd;
tho;;f;ifapd; midj;J tplaq;fspYk; cs;slf;Fk; Njitia czu;j;Jk;
xU mikg;ghFk;. cs;slf;fy; fy;tp vz;zf;fUthdJ cyfshtpa uPjpapy;
cau; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wpUf;f fhuzk; ru;tNjr nfhs;ifg; gpufldk; kw;Wk;
rhrdq;fspy; ,it cs;slf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhFk;;. tpNrlkhf mq;ff;
FiwghLs;stu;fSf;F Vidatu;fisg; Nghd;Nw rktha;g;gspf;Fk;
epiyapaw; fl;lisfs; (1993) I. eh tpd; rpWtu; cupikg; gpufldk; (1989)
And];Nfh mwpf;if (1994) FiwghLs;s gps;isfspd; fy;tp njhlu;ghd
]ykd;fh mwpf;if Nghd;wit midj;Jg; gps;isfSf;Fk; nghJf;
fy;tpapy; vt;tpj NgjKkpd;wp fy;tp toq;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;w cupikia
cWjpg; gLj;Jtjhf cs;sd.

cs;slf;fy; vd;w vz;zf;fUit ,g;NghJ ghu;g;Nghk;.

cs;slf;fy;

tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fs; Vida khztu;fSld; rhjhuz

ghlrhiyfspy; rhjhuz tFg;giwfspy; cs;slf;Fjy;; vd;gJ> tho;f;ifapd;
rfy mk;rq;fspYk; FiwghLs;stu;fSf;F cz;lhFk; Njitia
czu;j;Jk; cyfshtpa kdpj cupikfs; mikg;gpd; xU tplakhFk;. tpNrl
fy;tp vd;Dk; gpd;dzpapy; cs;slf;ff;fy;tp vd;gJ Fwpg;gJ ahnjdpy;
midj;J khztu;fspd; fy;tpiaAk; gpujhd ghlrhiyfspy; itj;Nj
Nkk;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w fy;tpj; jj;Jtj;ijahFk;. ,J njhlu;ghd
thz;ikahsu;fs; ,j;jj;Jtk; njhlu;ghd tplaq;fis gpd;tUkhW
tpsf;Ffpd;whu;.
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Copyright © 2010, The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL)
SNU5242 Kjyhk; mku;T: tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gilfs;

• midj;Jg; gps;isfSf;Fk; xd;whff; fy;tp fw;Fk; cupik cz;L

• gps;isfs; mtu;fspd; fw;ww; nraw;ghLfs; fhuzkhf Gwf;fzpf;fg;
gLjy;> jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gLjy; Nghd;wtw;wpD}lhf Ngjg;gLj;jg; glNth
kjpg;gpwf;fk; nra;ag;glNth $lhJ
• mtu;fs; ghlrhiyf; fhyj;jpy; gpupj;Jitg;gjw;fhd vt;tpjkhd
rl;luPjpahd fhuzq;fSk; fpilahJ. xUtupy; ,Ue;J kw;wtu;
ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gijtpl mtu;fs; xd;whf ,Uf;f
cupj;Jilatu;fs;

cs;slf;ff;fy;tp vd;gJ ehLfspd; fy;tpf;nfhs;iffs; cyf

epfo;rr
; pj;jpl;lj;jpd; xU mkprkhf te;Js;sJ. nghUshjhu uPjpapy; gykhd
ehLfSk; twpa ehLfSk; cs;slf;fy; vd;gijj; jkJ fiyj;jpl;l
mgptpUj;jpapd; xU ghupa mkprkhff; fhz;fpd;wd. ,jd;gb cs;slf;ff;
fy;tp vd;gJ ntt;NtW gps;isfspd; fPo; xNu tplaj;ijf; Fwpg;gjhFk;.
cs;slf;ff; fy;tp gw;wpg; NgRk;NghJ fy;tpap ayhsu; Fwpg;gpLtJ
ahnjdpy; vy;NyhUk; gfpu;e;J nfhs;sf;$ba nfhs;ifrhu; Nfhl;ghl;bd;
eilKiwfs; MFk;.

vt;thwhapDk; mq;ff;FiwghLs;s gps;isfs; kl;Lk; jhd; ePjpaw;w

ftdpg;Gf;F cl;gLk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Ffpd;wdu; vd;W $Wtjw; fpy;iy.
]ykd;fh mwpf;ifapd; gl;baypd;gb ghu;f;Fk;NghJ gpd;tUk; FOf;fSk;
mj;jifa ePjpaw;w ftdpg;Gf;F cs;shfpd;wdu; vd;W njupfpwJ.
tPjpr;rpWtu;fs;> mfjpr;rpWtu;fs;> rpWkpfs;> tWikf;Nfhl;by; thOk;
rpWtu;fs;> gpd;jq;fpa fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; thOk; rpWtu;fs; Nghd;wtu;fNs
,tu;fs;. rpy ehLfspy; rpy FOf;fs; kw;wtu;fistpl Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
cilatu;fshff; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. kpl;yu; vd;gtu; (Mittler,2000)
ghlrhiy cs;slf;fy; vd;gjw;fhd xU cj;jpNahf G+u;tkhd
mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l xU tiutpyf;fzk; fpilahJ vd typAWj;Jk;
mNjNtis gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis mJ cs;slf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w xU
fUj;J epyTtjhff; $Wfpd;whu;.

- vy;yh khztu;fSk; nghUj;jkhd cjtpfspy; rhjhuz

ghlrhiyfspy; rhjhuz tFg;giwfspy; Nru;thu;fs;

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Copyright © 2010, The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL)
SNU5242 Kjyhk; mku;T: tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gilfs;

- r%fj;jpYs;s midj;Jg; gps;isfSk; tha;g;Gg; ngWjy; cWjpg;gLk;

tifapy; ghlrhiyfs; jk; fiyj;jpl;lj;ijAk; Nghjdh KiwiaAk;
fzpg;gPlL
; nraw;ghLfisAk; kPsikj;jy;
- ghlrhiyapYs;s mjpgu;> rfMrpupau;fs;> r%fk; Nghd;wtw;wpd;
cjtpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjD}lhf Mrpupau;fs; rfy gps;isfspdJk;
fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; tplaq;fisAk; nghWg;Ngw;wy; njhlu;Nju;r;rpahd
Mszp mgptpUj;jpia Nkw;nfhs;tjD}lhfTk; ,jidr; nra;jy;.

nraw;ghL : 02

,yq;iff;F kpfg; nghUj;jkhd Xu; cs;slf;ff;fy;tpKiw Fwpj;j xU

tiutpyf;fzj;ij mikf;Ff.

tpNrl fy;tpiag; ngWgtu;fs; ahu;?

FiwghLfis cila khztu;fSk;> kPj;jpwd; cilatu;fSk; tpNrl

jpwikia cila khztu;fSNk tpjptpyf;fhd khztu;fshf tFg;giwapy;
milahsk; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu; vd;gJ Kd;du; tpsf;fg;gl;lJ. rhjhuz>
mrhjhuz khztu;fis tFg;giwfspy; rhjhuz khztu;fs; ngWk;
Mw;wy;fspy; epGzj;Jtk; miltjw;F tpjptpyf;fhd khztu; tplaj;jpy;
NtW topKiwfs; ifahs Ntz;Lk; vd fy;tpapay; kw;Wk; Vida
mwpQu;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdu;. mj;jifa khztu;fs; rhjhuz> mrhjhuz
epiyikia rpy epu;zaq;fspd; Clhf milahsg;gLj;jp mjw;Nfw;wthW
$ba my;yJ Fiwe;j mstpy; mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;f Ntz;bAs;sikNa
mj;jifa topKiwfshFk;. rpyNtis ,t;twpTWj;jy;fs; rhjhuz
tFg;giwfspypUe;J khWgl;L #oy; njhlu;ghdjhf mikayhk;. ,j;jifa
khztu;fspilNaAs;s Ntw;Wikfistpl xj;j jd;ikfNs mjpfk; vd
ehk; ek;GfpNwhk;. vt;thwhapDk; ,tw;Ws; rpy NtWghLfs; ghlrhiyf;
fy;tpapd; ntw;wpapy; ikaj;jd;ik tha;e;jit vd ehk; milahsk;
fhz;fpNwhk;. mjdhy; ,t;NtWghLfs; Mrpupau;fs;> ngw;Nwhu;> rk;ge;jg;gl;l
khztu;fs; MfpNahupd; ftdj;jpw;Fl;gl Ntz;ba mbg;gilfshf
mikfpd;wd. ,d;W gy ehLfs; jkJ tpNrl fy;tpg; gFjpia
tifg;gLj;jypd; thapyhf xOq;fikf;fpd;wd. tpjptpyf;fhd khztu;
njhFjpnahd;Wf;F toq;fg;gLk; ngaNu ,t;tifg;gLj;jy; vd;gJ Fwpf;Fk;.
,t; tifg;gLj;jy; ehl;Lf;F ehL rpwpJ NtWgl;L mike;jhYq;$l tpNrl
fy;tp vd;gJ nghJthd gpd;tUk; njhFjpapdUf;F toq;fg; gLtjhFk;.

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SNU5242 Kjyhk; mku;T: tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gilfs;

- ghu;itf;FiwghL
- Nfs;tpf;FiwghL
- Ngr;R kw;Wk; njhlu;ghly; xOq;fPdk;
- cstpUj;jpf; FiwghL
- kPj;jpwd;> Mw;wf;$ba
- fw;wy; ,lu;ghLfs;
- clYWg;G kw;Wk; Rfhjhuf; FiwghL
- kd vOr;rpf; FiwghLfs;
- Xl;b]k; (Autism)

FUlu; nrtplu; vd;W ,d;ndhU gpuptpduhtu;

gps;isfs; nrtpL> FUL vd;W milahsk; fhzg;gLtJ Nfl;ly;> ghu;itf;

FiwghLfis ntspf;fhl;Lk;NghJk; ghu;it Nfs;tpA+lhff; fw;wypy;
mtu;fSf;F tpNrl cjtp Njitg;gLk; NghJkhFk;. FUl;L kw;Wk;
nrtpl;Lj;jd;ik cila gps;isfSf;F cupa fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfspd;
Clhf khj;jpuk; ,tu;fspd; fw;ww; Njitfis eptu;j;jpnra;a KbahJ.

FUlu;> nrtplu;fs; jdpahd njhFjpapduhff; fUjNtz;bajd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijj; jw;NghJ gutyhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s gpd;tUk;
tiutpyf;fzk; cq;fSf;F tpsf;Fk;.

“gps;isfspd; njhlu;ghly; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpfspy; jPtpu ghjpg;ig

Vw;gLj;jf;$ba Nfl;ly; ghu;itf; NfhshWfspd; xd;wpizg;Ng FUL; nrtpL
vdg;gLk;. ,f;Fiwghl;bd; jPtpuj;jd;ik fhuzkhf ,tu;fis Vida FUlu;
nrtplu;fSf;fhd tpNrl fy;tpj;jpl;lr; nraw;ghLfspy; cs;slf;f
KbahJs;sJ”. (Individual with Disabilities
Act. 1990)

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SNU5242 Kjyhk; mku;T: tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gilfs;

nraw;ghL : 03

tFg;giwf; fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfisj; jpl;lkpLk;NghJ tpNrl fy;tpj;

NjitAilatu;fs; NtnwhU tifahff; nfhs;sNtz;baJ Vd; vd;gJ gw;wp
xU tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupaiur; re;jpj;Jf; fye;JiuahLf.

tFg;giwapd; gy;tifik

,d;iwa tFg;giwfspy; gue;j mstpy; gy;NtW gpuptpdu;fs; fhzg;

gLfpd;wdu;. Ysseldyke Algozzine (1998) tFg;giwapd; ,d;iwa
epiyikiaf; Fwpg;gpLtjw;fhd xU ngauhf ,d;W gy;tifik
(Diversity) vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;. ,g;gy;tifik Mrpupau;fSf;F
tFg;giwfspy; Gjpa rthy;fis kl;Lkd;wp tpj;jpahrkhd tha;g;GfisAk;
toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,yq;if xg;gplKbahj gy;tifikiaf; fhl;Lk; gd;ikf;
fyhrhur; r%fq;fisf; nfhz;ljhfTs;sJ. vkJ gps;isfs; cau;e;j
juj;ij mila Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; mtu;fs; jkJ cau; Mw;wy;fis
ntspf;fhl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ehk; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;. mNjNeuk; midj;Jg;
gps;isfSk; ,t;Tupikiaf; nfhz;ltu;fs; vd;Wk; ehk; ek;Gfpd;Nwhk;
Banks (1989) gd;ikf; fyhrhuf; fy;tpapd; ehd;F gpujhd ,yf;Ffis
milahsk; fz;Ls;shu;.
(1) midj;J khztu;fspYk; fy;tprhu; milT kl;lj;ij mjpfupj;jy;
(2) gy;NtW fy;tprhu; ,d> kj> FOf;fs; njhlu;ghf Neu; kdg;ghq;if
khztu;fsplk; tpUj;jp nra;a cjTjy;
(3) ,e;j khztu;fspilNa tuyhw;W uPjpahfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;
r%f epWtdq;fspy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jTk;> fy;tprhu;
tplaq;fspy; Nkk;gLtjw;Fkhd jpwikfis tpUj;jpahf;F
tjw;fhd ek;gpf;ifapidf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;
(4) Vidatu;fspd; Nehf;FfisAk; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghu;f;f rfy
khztu;fSf;Fk; cjTjy;

nghUshjhu uPjpahd Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; fhuzkhfTk; tFg;giwfspy;

gy;tifik Njhd;wyhk;. rpy khztu;fs; nghUshjhu uPjpahfg; gy
kl;lq;fspy; gpur;rpidfis vjpu;Nehf;FtJld; mtu;fs; fLikahd
nghUshjhu epiyikfspy; tsu;ff
; g;gl;bUf;fyhk;. vj;jidNgu; tPby;yhj
epiyikapy; cs;sdu; vd;W epidj;jJz;lh? mtu;fs; tPjpfspYk;> fil

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Copyright © 2010, The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL)
SNU5242 Kjyhk; mku;T: tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gilfs;

Kd;wy;fspYk; cwq;fp tho;e;J tUfpd;wdu;. ngUe;njhifahd khztu;

Rfhjhuj;Jld;$ba MNuhf;fpakhd tho;f;ifg; ghijiaj; njupTnra;aTk;
jtWfpd;wdu;. Mgj;jhd r%f elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fspy; <LgLk; khztu;fspd;
ghlrhiyrhu; nraw;ghLfspy; vjpu;kiw tpisTfisf; fhzKbAk;.
tuTFiwT> ghlrhiyf;F tuhik> ghlr;nraw;ghLfspy; Mu;tkpd;ik
vd;git mt;tpisTfshFk;. ,e;elj;ijrhu; tplaq;fs; Mrpupau;fs; jiyaPL
nra;aNtz;ba mwpTWj;jy; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba tplaq;fshf mikfpd;wd.
tFg;giwapYs;s ,j;jifa gy;tifikiaf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L
ghlrhiyapy; nraw;gl Ntz;bAs;sJld; MNuhf;fpakhd tho;f;ifj;
njupit Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd MNyhridfisAk; toq;f Ntz;Lk;.

gy;tifikapd; ,d;ndhU gpujhd mk;rk; ahnjdpy; ngUk; vz;zpf;if

apyhd khztu;fs; VNjh xUtifapy; tpjptpyf;fhff; fUjg;gLk; epiyapy;
,Ug;gjhFk;. xU tFg;gpy; xU khztd; mNj juj;jpYs;s Vida
khztu;fistpl kpfj;Jy;ypakhf tpNrl jpwikfisf; fhl;lf; $Lk;.

tpNrl fy;tp njhlu;ghd jPu;khdq;fis vLg;gjpy; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s

Ntz;ba Kf;fpa mk;rk; fy;tpapayhsu; gy;tifikia ,ayhikapypUe;J
NtWgLj;jp Nehf;f Kaw;rpg;gjhFk;. Mdhy; tpNrl fy;tpr; Nrit fy;tpapd;
Fwpf;Nfhs;fis miltjw;fhd jpwikfspy; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;
FiwghLfisf; nfhz;l gps;isfSf;Fk; cWjpg; gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

gy;tifik vd;gJ ghlrhiy nry;Yk; khztu;fspilNa tsu;e;J nry;Yk;

xd;whff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; fUj;J ahnjdpy;> gps;isfs; nkd;NkYk;
tpNrl NjitAs;stu;fshff; fhzg;gLtjhFk;. mNjNeuk; gy gps;isfs;
tyJ Fiwe;jtu;fshf tifg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wdu;. FiwghLfspd; tpUj;jpf;F
r%fj;jpy; epyTk; f~;l epiyAk; fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. tFg;giwapy; xU
gps;isapd; cr;r Mw;wiy tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Kaw;rpapy; Kf;fpa mk;rk;
ahnjdpy; xt;nthU MrpupaUk; tFg;giwapy; epyTk; gy;tifikapd;
jd;ikia ,dq;fhzf;$bajhf ,Uj;jyhFk;.

nraw;ghL : 04

khztu;fspd; gy;tifikiaf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L ckJ fy;tp tyaj;jpy;

vt;tifahd tpNrl fy;tpr; Nritfs; cs;snjd;gJ Fwpj;J xU vOj;JUt
mwpf;ifiaj; jahu;nra;f.
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SNU5242 Kjyhk; mku;T: tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gilfs;

rhuhk;rk;

FiwghLfs;> ,ayhikfs;> kPj;jpwd; Mfpa khztu;fspd; epiyikfis

Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L toq;fg;gLk; mwpTWj;jy; khjpupapyhd fy;tpNa tpNrl
Njitf;fy;tp vdg;gLk;. cr;r Mw;wiy tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf ghlrhiyr;
nraw;ghLfisAk;> tpNrl fy;tpr; NritfisAk; fy;tpikag; gLj;Jtij
,f;fy;tpKiw Ntz;bepw;fpd;wJ.

,e;jr; Nritfs; xd;wpize;j> xd;wpizahj myF my;yJ tpNrl

ghlrhiyfs; vd;w topKiwfspdhy; rhjhuz ghlrhiyfspy; tpupT
gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. mit tpNrl NjitfisAilatu;fis tpNrl
myFfspy; jdpg;gLj;JtJ mtu;fspilNa vjpu;kiwahd tpUk;gj;jfhj
jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjhf mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j tpNrl fy;tpg;
gpd;dzpapy; cs;slf;fy; fy;tp Fwpg;gpLtJ ahnjdpy; rhjhuz ghlrhiy>
ghlrhiyfspy; itj;Nj midj;J khztu;fspdJk; fy;tpia Nkk;gLj;jy;
vDk; fy;tpj; juj;ijf; Fwpj;Jepw;fpwJ.

khztu;fspd; gy;tifikiaf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;ljhf fy;tpKiwik mika

Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;J Fwpj;j ru;tNjr mq;fPfhuk; cWjpahf ,d;W
tpUj;jpailAk; xd;whff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. tFg;giwfspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
msT gy;tifik fhzg;gLtJ ,yq;ifapy; ,d;Ws;s rhjhuz
epiyikahFk;. ,jw;fhf xt;nthU gps;isapdJk; cr;r mgptpUj;jpia
Vw;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rpapy; tFg;giwfspy; fhzg;gLk; gy;tifikia
Mrpupau;fs; ,dq;fz;L nfhs;tJ Kf;fpa mk;rkhFk;.

Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;

ePq;fs; ,g;NghJ mku;tpd; ,Wjpf;F te;Js;suP ;fs;. ,g;NghJ gpd;tUtd

tw;iwf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;Sq;fs;. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilfhz KbAkh
vd;W ghUq;fs;.
• tpNrl Njitf; fy;tp vz;zf;fUtpid tpsf;fTk;
• ,ayhikf; Nfhl;ghl;bd; mbg;gil vz;zf;fUf;fis ,dq;fhz;f
• tpNrl Njitf; fy;tpapd; Nghf;Ffis RUf;fkhff; Fwpg;gpLf
• cs;slf;fy; vz;zf;fUit tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jf
• tpNrl fy;tp vd;Dk; khztu;fspd; tiffisg; gl;baypLf
• tFg;giwg; gy;tifik vz;zf;fUtpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf
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SNU5242 Kjyhk; mku;T: tpNrl fy;tpapd; mbg;gilfs;

crhj;Jizfs;

Banks, JH. A., (1989) Multicultural Education:

Characteristics and goals. Boston, Allyn & Bacon.
Clark, C., Dyson, A., Millward, A, A. (1997) Towards
Inclusive Education, David Fulton Publishers,
London.
Jonsson, T., (1990) Trends in Special Education, paper
at national symposium on special education, NIE,
Maharagama.
Kannangara, C. W. W., (1943) Report of the special
committee on education, Ceylon, Sessional Paper
XXIV – 1943, Colombo.
Mittler, P., (2000) Working towards Inclusive
Education : Social contexts. Fulton, London.
United Nations, (1994) The standard rules. United
Nations Department for Policy Coordination &
Sustainable Development, New York, USA.
Yasseldyke, J. E. & Algozzine, B. (1998) Special
education – A practical approach for teachers
Houghton, Mifflin Company, Boston, USA.

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