SNU5242 Vohk; mku;T: fw;wy; ,ayhik

Vohk; mku;T
fw;wy; ,ayhik
cs;slf;fk;

❖ mwpKfk;

❖ fw;wy; ,ayhik vd;gij tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jy;

❖ fw;wy; ,ayhikAila gps;isfspd; gz;Gfs;

❖ fw;wy; ,ayhikAila gps;isfis ,dq;fhzy;

❖ fw;wy; ,ayhikAila gps;isfspd; kPjhd rhjhuz jiyaPLk;

Mrpupau;fSf;Fg; gadspf;Fk; MNyhridfSk;

❖ rhuhk;rk;

❖ Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;

❖ gpw;Nrhjid

❖ crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;

mwpKfk;

tFg;gpYs;s Vida khztu;fspdhy; vspjpy; mile;Jnfhs;sf;$ba

ntw;wpia mila f~;lkhff; fhzg;gLk;, vdpDk; Mf;fj;jpwDs;s xU
gps;isiag; gw;wp epidTf;Ff; nfhz;LtUtJ cq;fSf;Ff; f~;lkhf
,Uf;fhJ. NtW xU gps;isf;F thrpg;gjpy; rpukk; ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. kw;nwhU
gps;isf;F vOj;J cUtikg;G gpur;rpidnahd;W ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. NtW rpy
gps;isfSf;F thrpj;jypYk; vOj;J cUtikg;G Mw;wYk; ed;whf
,Ue;jNghjpYk; vg;NghJk; fzpjr;nraw;ghLfspy; jtWfs; Vw;gl;l
re;ju;g;gq;fs; ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;.

rpy gps;isfs; me;j taJkl;lj;jpYs;s Vida gps;isfisg;Nghd;W

,yFtpy; fw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy vd Mrpupau;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;.
,e;jg;gps;isfspd; Ngr;Rj; jpwDf;Fk; vOJjy; Fiwghl;Lf;Fk; ,ilapy;
njspthd NtWghL ,Ug;gJ Mrpupau;fsJ ftdj;ij <u;j;Js;sJ.
ngw;Nwhu;fSk; rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ,t;thW Kiwg;ghL nra;tu;.

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“ vdJ gj;J taJila kfSf;F thrpf;fKbatpy;iy. mts; kpf

nkJthfNt thrpf;fpwhs; ngUk;ghYk; vOj;Jf;fis tpl;L tpl;L thrpg;ghs;.
Vspikahd xU nrhy;iyj;jhDk; rupahf cr;rupg;gjpy;iy.”

“ vdJ kfd; ed;whfg; NgRfpwhd;. vd;whYk; xU thf;fpaj;ij rupahf

vOjpf;nfhs;s KbahJ Mrpupau;fshfpa cq;fSf;F ,j;jifa
gps;isfSf;F cjtp nra;af;$ba jpwd;fis mile;J nfhs;tJk;
mwpitg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,e;jg; gps;isfSf;Ff;
fw;gpg;gjd; gpujhd Nehf;fk;> nrtpkLj;jy;> rpe;jpj;jy;> NgRjy;> thrpj;jy;>
vOJjy; Mfpa jpwd;fis Kd;Ndw;WtJk; fzpjr; nraw;ghLfspy;
<LgLjYkhFk;.

MfNt ,t;tku;tpy; fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfSf;Nf cupa

gz;GfisAk; fw;ww; FiwghLfisAk; cila gps;isfSf;F
cjtpnra;tjw;Fj; Njitahd topfhl;lYk; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;NjhL
rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;s jfty;fspd; %yk; cq;fsJ mwpit
tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;sf;$ba gpd;dzpAk; ngw;Wj;jug;gLk;.

Kd;guPli
; r

fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfs; gw;wpa mwpitg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ

Kf;fpakhdjhFk; vd;gjw;F ePu; fUJk; ,U fhuzq;fis tpgupf;Ff.

fw;wy; ,ayhikia tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jy;

1960 Kjyiug; gFjpapy; thrpj;jy;> vOJjy;> fzpjk; Nghd;w ghlrhiy

Ntiyfisr; nra;J nfhs;sf; f~;lg;gLk; xU njhifg; gps;isfspd;
vz;zpf;if mjpfupj;Jf; fhzg;gl;lJ vd Hallahan ck;
Cruickshank ck; (1973) Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdu;. mtu;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb
,g;gps;isfs; FO tha;nkhop %ykhd ntspg;gLj;jy;fspy; ed;whf
cr;rupf;Fk; Mw;wYlDk; ntspg;gilahf NtW FiwghLfisf; fhl;lhj xU
FOthf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. Hallahan ck; Cruickshak (1973) ,y;
fy;tpapayhsu;fSk; njhopw;wifik ngw;NwhUk; ,J njhlu;ghf njhlu;e;Jk;
fye;Jiuahb fPo;tUk; ,yl;rzq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;bapUf;fpwhu;fs; vd;gij
NkYk; Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpwhu;fs;.

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• fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfs; miltpw;Fk; Gj;jpf;Fk; ,ilapy;

ngupa NtWghl;ilf; fhl;Ltu;
• ke;j kdepiy> ghu;itf;FiwghL> Nfl;ly; FiwghL>
cstpaf;ff;FiwghL kw;Wk; elj;ij KiwNfL Nghd;w gytPdq;fs;
,e;j epiyikfNshL njhlu;Ggl;ljhf ,y;iy.
• fw;wy; FiwghL csr; nraw;ghl;bd; KiwNfLk;> kj;jpa
euk;Gj;njhFjpapd; ,aq;fhj; jd;ikAk; MFk; vd mDkhdpf;fyhk;.
fw;wy; FiwghL vDk; vz;zf;fUit NkYk; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tjw;fhf
jaTnra;J ESP1106/ESU4106 6 Mk; mku;itg; guprPypf;fTk;.

fw;wy; ,ayhikAila gps;isfsplk; fhzg;gLk; tpNrl

gz;Gfs;

vy;yh tFg;giwfspYk; fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfisr; re;jpf;fpNwhk;.

gytpjkhd tpj;jpahrkhd fw;wy; Fiwghl;L tiffs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
mt;thNw xt;nthU fw;wy; FiwghLila jdpegu;fSf;fpilapYk; ghupa
NtWghLfs; ,Ug;gijf; fhzyhk;. MfNt vy;yh Mrpupau;fsplKk; fw;wy;
FiwghLila gps;isfspd; gz;Gfisg; gw;wp ey;y tpsf;fk;
,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

Yisseidyke Ak; Algozzine (1998) fw;wy; FiwghLila

gps;isfis 5 FOf;fspy; mlf;fyhk; vdf; $wpAs;sdu;.
mitahtd :
• mwpjy;rhu;
• Nfhl;ghl;Lf;fy;tprhu;
• cly;rhu;
• elj;ijrhu;
• njhlu;ghly;

mwpjy;rhu;

mwpjy;rhu; FOtpy; Nru;f;ff;$ba fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfsplk;

mwpjy;rhu; fw;wy; cghaq;fs; mjhtJ xOq;FgLj;Jjy; fw;ff;
fw;Wf;nfhs;tJ vt;thW Kjypa tplaq;fis tpUj;jpailar;nra;tjpy;
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jtwpiof;fpd;w ghjfkhd epiyiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,f;FOitr; rhu;e;j

gps;isfSf;F nrad;Kiw> Gyf;fhl;rp gpur;rpidfs; ,Uf;fyhk;.

Nfhl;ghl;Lf; fy;tprhu;

Nfhl;ghl;Lf; fy;tpr; nraw;ghL njhlu;ghd fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfs;

jukpy;yhj gytPdkhd ghlrhiy NtiyfisNa fhl;Ltu;. mtu;fSf;F
thrpj;jy;> vOJjy;> fzpjr; nraw;ghLfspy; tpNrl gFjpfspy; gpur;rpidfs;
cz;L.

cly;rhu;

cly;rhu; fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfs; ngUk;ghYk; rhjhuz

gps;isfisg; Nghd;W gpufhrpg;gu;. vdpDk; rpyNtis cly; fw;wy;
FiwghLila taJ Fiwe;j gps;isfs; mtyl;rzkhd mtu;fSf;Fg;
nghUj;jkw;w kw;Wk; mtu;fsJ rktaJf; FOf;fistpl tpj;jpahrkhd
ghtidiaf; fhl;Ltu;. gytPdkhd cly; kw;Wk; njhlu;GfisAk;>
cstpaf;fr; nraw;ghLfisAk; fhl;Ltu;. ,e;j khztu;fsplk; ngupa ey;y
jirf;fl;L ,Ue;jNghjpYk; nkd;ikahd cstpaf;f Mw;wy;fspy;
gpur;rpidfs; cz;L.

elj;ijrhu;

,g;gpupitr; Nru;e;j fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfSf;F mtjhdpj;jy;

njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfs; cz;L. ,j;jifa gps;isfSf;F mtjhdk;
nrYj;JtjpYk; mtjhdj;ijf; Ftpar; nra;tjpYk; kw;Wk; njhlu;e;Jk;
epiyj;jpUf;fr; nra;tjpYk; gpur;rpid cz;L.

njhlu;ghly;

,g;gpupitr; Nru;e;j fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfs; rktaJf; FOitr;

Nru;e;j Vida gps;isfisg;Nghd;W Ngrkhl;l
; hu;fs;. Kd;ghlrhiy
tajpypUe;J nkhopg; gpur;rpidiaf; fhl;Ltu;. Kd;ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpypUe;Nj
,k;khztu;fsplk; fhzg;gLk; kpfTk; nghJthd mk;rk; njhlu;ghly;
gpur;rpidahFk;. fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfis NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lthW
Ie;J gpupTfshfg; gpupf;f KbAkhapDk; rpy fw;wy; FiwghLila
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gps;isfsplk; ,g;gz;Gfs; xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;ljhf ,Uf;fyhk; vd;gij

Kf;fpakhff; ftdpf;fNtz;Lk;.

nraw;ghL : 01

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l VNjDk; xU tifiar; Nru;e;j fw;wy; FiwghLila

gps;isfs; cq;fs; tFg;gpy; cs;sduh vd mtjhdpAq;fs;.

fw;wy; ,ayhikAila gps;isfis mwpe;Jnfhs;sy;

fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfs; gy topfspYk; rhjhuz khztu;fshfNt

fhzg;gLtu;. rhjhuz tho;f;ifapy; md;whl nraw;ghLfisr;
nra;Jnfhs;Sk; jpwd; ,Ue;jNghjpYk; fy;tp njhlu;ghf ngUk;ghYk;
gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. ehd; ,g;NghJ cq;fSf;F E}w;fy;tpiaf;
fw;gjpy; mtu;fs; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpidfis tpsf;Ffpd;Nwd;. fw;Fk;NghJ
gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspy; mtu;fSf;F ghupasT jilfs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd.

thrpg;gjpy; gpur;rpid Dyslexia

vOJtjpy; gpur;rpid Dysgraphia
fzpjj;jpy; gpur;rpid Dyscalculia
mtjhdpg;gjpy; gpur;rpid Attention deficit Hyperactivity
disorder\

thrpg;gjpy; gpur;rpid

• vOj;Jf;fis my;yJ FwpaPLfis khw;wp thrpj;jy;

cjhuzk; : j vOj;ij e vdTk;
fjpiu - Fjpiu vdTk;
• thrpf;Fk; ,lj;ij tpl;L thrpj;jy; my;yJ xNu nrhy;iy kPz;Lk;
kPz;Lk; thrpj;jy;
• ntspg;gilahf my;yJ Mu;tj;NjhL thrpahik

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• nrhw;fspy; vOj;Jf;fis tpl;LtpLjy;> Nkyjpf vOj;Jf;fisr;

Nru;j;jy;> vOj;Jf;fis khw;wp thrpj;jy;> vOj;Jf;fis gpd;Ndhf;fp
khw;wp thrpj;jy;
• nrhw;fshy; epuk;gpa fUk;gyifapy; my;yJ mr;Rg; Gj;jfj;jpy;
Njitahd nrhy;iyNah> ,yf;fj;ijNah ftdpj;J tpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk;
Mw;wypd;ik.
• vOj;Jf;fis xd;WNru;j;J nrhw;fisj; jahupf;Fk;NghJ cjhuzkhf
G+id vd thrpf;fhJ Gid vd thrpg;gu;. Mdhy; Ngr;rpd;NghJ G+id
vd tha;nkhop %yk; ntspg;gLj;j KbAk;.

vOJtjpy; gpur;rpid

• rupahf ghu;j;njOjkhl;lhu;fs;
• vOj;Jf;fspd; cUtj;ij khw;wp vOJtu;. cWg;gika vOjhik
• muTfis> nfhk;Gfis khw;wp vOJtu;
• jtwhd tpjj;jpy; Ngdhit my;yJ ngd;rpiyg; gpbj;J vOJtu;
• vOJk;NghJ ,lkpUe;J tykhf ifia efu;j;jpr; nry;yhik
• njsptw;w ifnaOj;Jf;fis vOJtu;
• nrhw;fSf;F ,ilapy; ,ilntsp tplhik
• Fwpg;G vOJk; mg;gpahrf; nfhg;gpfspy; cs;s NfhLfisf; ftdpahJ
vOJtu;
• vOj;Jf;fis my;yJ nrhw;fis gpd;Ndhf;fp khw;wp vOJtu;.
(Mirror writing)
• nrhw;fspy; vOj;Jf;fis tpl;Lk; Nkyjpfkhf Nru;j;Jk; gjpyPL nra;Jk;
vOJtu;
• fzpjj;jpy; epuy;fisAk; tupfisAk; cupa Kiwapy; Ngzkhl;lhu;fs;
• tpdhf;fSf;F cupa tpilfis tha;nkhop %yk;
rku;g;gpf;fKbAkhapDk; vOj;J %yk; vOj KbahJ

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fzpjk;rhu; gpur;rpid

• nghUj;jkw;w tpjj;jpy; ,yf;fq;fis thrpg;gu;> vOJtu.;

(cjhuzk; : 31 I 13 vd vOJtu;> thrpg;gu;
6 I 9 vd vOJtu;> thrpg;gu;)
• jpir> ,lk; gw;wpa gpur;rpidfs; cs. (ngupa> rpwpa/ ghukhd – ghuk;
Fiwe;j
• ,yf;fq;fspd; ngWkhdj;ijAk; ,lj;ijAk; mwpe;Jnfhs;s Kbahik.
• gy gbfisf; nfhz;l fzpjg; gpur;rpidfspy; njhlnuhOq;ifg;
gpd;gw;w Kbahik.
• xU ,yf;fj;jpw;Fupa vz;zf;fUit fpufpj;Jf;nfhs;s Kbahik + - X
÷ Kjypa FwpaPLfisf; Fog;gpf;nfhs;tu.;
• fzpj tha;g;ghLfis tha;nkhop %yk; rku;gpg;gu;> vdpDk; fzpjr;
nraw;ghLfis tpsq;fpf;nfhz;L ghtpf;f Kbahik.

ftdk; nrYj;JtjpYs;s gpur;rpid

• mjpfkhf tFg;gpy; mq;Fk; ,q;Fk; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; Nghf;iff;

fhl;Ltu;
• xNu ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;Nlh epd;Wnfhz;Nlh ,Uf;f Kbahj
epiyiaf; fhl;Ltu;
• xU tupirapy; my;yJ xUtu; gpd; xUtuhf epd;W nfhz;bUf;f
Kbahikiaf; fhl;Ltu;
• tFg;gpYs;s nghUj;jkw;w J}z;Ljy;fspdhy; vspjpy; csf;
Fog;gkiltu;
• xU nraw;ghl;il Kbf;f Kd;du; ,d;ndhU nraw;ghl;Lf;F tpiutpy;
khWtu;
• jdJ cil cly; kw;Wk; jdJ nrhe;jg; nghUs;fshd ghlrhiyg;ig>
czTg;ngl;b> Ngdh> ngd;rpy; Mfpatw;wpy; xU xOq;fw;w jd;ikiaf;
fhl;Ltu;
• tpisitg; gw;wpf; ftdpahJ mtrukhf nraw;gLtu;

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cjhuzk; : gy;Nju;T mg;gpahrnkhd;wpd;NghJ Vida tpilfspd;kPJ

ftdk;nrYj;jhJ tpiuthf xU tpiliaj; njupe;njLg;gu;.

Chadha 2001 fw;wy ,ayhikAila gps;isfSf;F ‘ fw;gpf;Fk;

topfhl;ly;’ vDk; mtuJ Mf;fj;jpy; gpd;tUk; Nrhjid ml;ltiz
rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j rupghu;j;jy; ml;ltizia tFg;giwapYs;s
fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfisf; fz;lwptjw;F Mrpupauhd ePq;fs;
gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;syhk;.

Mk; ,y;iy
rktaJ ez;gu; ez;gpfSld; xg;gpLk;NghJ vg;NghJk;
vOj;Jf;fisAk; FwpaPLfisAk; khw;wp vOJtu;. (c-k;.
‘ k’ it ‘ t’ vdTk;)
fjpiu - Fjpiu vdTk;
cUtk;> epwq;fs;> ehl;fs;> ,yf;fq;fs;> mupr;Rtb
Mfpatw;iwf; fw;gjpy; gpur;rpid
jpdhe;ju elj;ijiaAk; tpjpfisAk; gpd;gw;Wtjpy;
gpur;rpidiaf; fhl;Ltu;.
thrpf;Fk;NghJ vg;NghJk; ,lj;ij tpLtu;> kPz;Lk;
xd;iwNa thrpg;gu;> Gjpjhf xd;iwr; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;tu;>
nrhw;fis tpl;L thrpg;gu;.
+ Ak; X, < Ak; > Kjypa fzpjj;jpy; ifahSk;
FwpaPLfisf; Fog;gpf;nfhs;tu;
$l;ly; gapw;rpfspy; njhlu;r;rpahf gytPdkhd epiyiaf;
fhl;Ltu;.
njd;gLjy; rhjhuzkhdhYk; fUk;gyifapypUe;J my;yJ
NtNwhu; Gj;jfj;jpypUe;J ghu;j;njOJk;NghJ rupahfg;
ghu;j;njOJtJ gpur;rpidahFk;.
vOj;Jf;fis my;yJ nrhw;fis neUf;fp vOJtu;.
,d;Nwy; J}ukhf;fp vOJtu;. (,ilntsp tpLtjpy; xU
gpur;rpid cz;lh)
fw;gpj;j vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpsq;fpf;nfhz;ljhfj;
njd;gl;lhYk; tpdhTk;NghJ tpilaspf;f Kbahik.

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Chadha (2001) Vw;g xU gps;is NkNy fhl;ba ml;ltizapy; 3-4

gz;Gfisj; njhlu;e;Jk; fhl;Lgtuhf ,Ue;jhYk; mt;thNw ,e;j
elj;ijfisf; Fiwe;jJ ,U re;ju;g;gq;fspyhtJ fhzf;$bajhf
,Ue;jhy; (tFg;giwapy;> r%fj;jpy; my;yJ tPl;by;) mtiu mtjhdpf;f
Ntz;Lk;;. ,e;jg; gz;Gfis 7 tajpy; my;yJ 7 taJf;Fg; gpd;du; jhDk;
fhl;Lthuhf ,Ue;jhy; njhlu;e;Jk; mtjhdpj;J tuNtz;Lk;. fw;wy;
FiwghL vd;W jPu;khdpg;gjw;F vy;yhg; gz;GfisAk; fhl;l Ntz;ba
Njitapy;iy. mt;thNw ,g;gz;Gfspy; xd;W ,uz;ilf; fhl;Ltjhy;
gps;isaplk; fw;wy; FiwghL ,Uf;fpwnjd;W epidf;fj; NjitAk; ,y;iy.
vt;thwhapDk; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l rPu; ghu;j;jy; ml;ltiz tpNrl cjtp
Njitg;gLk; xU gps;isia mtjhdpj;J cq;fSf;F xU topfhl;lyhf
mikAk;.

nraw;ghL : 02

cq;fs; tFg;gpYs;s fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfis ,dq;fz;L

mtu;fs; fw;Fk;NghJ Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; gpur;rpidfs; ahit vd;gij
ml;ltizg;gLj;Jf. cq;fsJ mtjhdpg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; mtu;fspd;
gpur;rpidfis Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Dyscalculia
kw;Wk; Attention deficit Hyperactivity disorder vd
tifg;gLj;Jf.

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l nraw;ghl;il Kbj;j gpd; rhjhuz tFg;giwapy; fw;wypy;

<LgLfpd;w fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;is Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; gpur;rpid
njhlu;ghf cq;fSf;F ed;F tpsq;fpapUf;Fk;. rhjhuz tFg;giw
MNyhridfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf ,j;jifa gps;isfSf;fhfj; jahupf;fg;gl;l
fw;wy; Kiwfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Mrpupau; vd;w tifapy; ePq;fs;
tpsq;fpapUg;gPuf
; s;. ,t;thW jahupf;fg;gl;l fw;wy; Kiw nghJthf epthuzf;
fw;gpj;jy; vd;Nw miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ehd; ,q;F cq;fSf;F epthuzf;
fw;gpj;jy; gw;wp tptupf;ftpy;iynadpDk; gpd;tUk; ge;jpapy; fw;wy;
FiwghLila gps;isfSf;F cjTtjw;fhf cq;fSf;F topfhl;Lk;
MNyhridfs; rku;g;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

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Mrpupau;fSf;fhd MNyhridfs;

• fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; etPd

El;gq;fis xUtu; kw;wtUld; fUj;Jf;fisg; gupkhwpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf
Mrpupau;fspdhy; Ntiyaku;Tfs; elj;jg;glNtz;Lk;.
• ,g;gps;isfspd; fw;wiy cau;epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhf
tFg;giwapy; ifahsg;gLk; nraw;ghLfspYk; tpisahl;Lf;fspYk;
gq;Fgw;w Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW nra;tjhy; me;jf; Fwpg;gpl;l fw;ww;
nrad;Kiwapy; gq;FjhuuhfTk; mj;NjhL cjtp toq;FgtuhfTk;
Mrpupau; mikfpd;whu;.
• fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; xg;gilapy;
<LgLtjw;F Njitahd Neuj;ij toq;fNtz;Lk;. Vnddpy;
,k;khztu;fsplk; xg;gilf;fg;gLk; Ntiyia mtu;fs; gyKiw
nra;aNtz;b Vw;gLtJz;L. me;j Mw;wiyg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F
gps;isfs; fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; rpwe;j Kiwiaf; fz;Lgpbj;J me;jf;
fw;wy; Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. rk
taJilatu;fsplkpUe;J fw;wy;> $l;LwTf;fw;wy; Mfpatw;iw
tFg;giwapy; Muk;gpf;fTk;.
• khztu;fis tho;j;jp cw;rhfg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
• xt;nthU fw;wy; FiwghLila khztDf;Fk; rpwg;ghd fw;wy;
Njitfs; cs;sd. Mrpupau; xg;gilj;j Ntiyia khztUila
tpUg;gj;NjhLk; fw;wy; mk;rq;fSlDk; njhlu;GgLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
• fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfspd; tFg;giwapy; fw;gpf;Fk; Xu; Mrpupau;
gy;NtW tifahd cghaq;fisAk; fw;ww; rhjdq;fisAk;
ifahs;tjw;F gof;fg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Mu;tk; Ntz;Lk;.
• ed;whfj; jpl;lkpl;Lk; xOq;FKiwahf njspthf rku;g;gpf;fg;gLk;
ghlq;fspd;%yk; fw;wy; FiwghLilatu;fs; $Ljyhf
mile;Jnfhs;fpwhu;fs;.
fw;wy; ,ayhikAila gps;isfs; kPjpyhd epahakhd jiyaPL njhlu;ghf
Nkyjpfkhd rpy MNyhridfs; cq;fs; ftdj;Jf;fhfj; jug;gLfpd;wd.

fw;wy; ,ayhikAila gps;isfs; kPJ epahakhd jiyaPL

• khjpupfshf my;yJ fhl;rpg;gLj;jy; %yk; rku;g;gpAq;fs;.

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• gQ;Nre;jpupaq;fs; %yk; fw;wy; Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

• ghlq;fis rpW myFfshff; nfhz;L tFj;Jr; rku;g;gpAq;fs;.
• ,ad;wsTf;F epju;rdkhf jfty;fisr; rku;g;gpAq;fs;.
• guPl;irfspd;NghJ tpdhf;fis khztu;fSf;fhf thrpAq;fs;.
• njhlu;r;rpahf ntw;wpia milaf;$ba re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;Fq;fs;.
• jho;e;j thrpg;G kl;lj;jpYs;s cs;slf;fj;NjhL njhlu;Gila Nkyjpf
thrpg;G trjpfis toq;Fq;fs;.
• Rakhff; fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;Fq;fs;.
• fw;wy; gpur;rpidfSf;F tpil fpilf;Fk; tifapy; guPl;ir kw;Wk;
kjpg;gPl;L Kiwfis etPdkag;gLj;Jq;fs;.
• ftdf;fiyg;ig Vw;gLj;jf;$ba Rw;whliyj; jtpu;ff
; Tk;.

fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfSf;F cjtp nra;Ak;NghJ MNyhridf;F

vLj;Jf;nfhs;sf;$ba Nkyjpf jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F nkhbA+y;
ESP1106 IAk; ESU4106 Mwhk; mku;itAk; guprPypj;Jg; ghUq;fs;.

rhuhk;rk;

fw;wy; ,ayhik vDk; nrhy; thrpg;G> vOj;Jf;$l;L kw;Wk; fzpjk;

Mfpatw;wpy; tpNrl fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfs; gw;wp tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.
,g;gpupitr; Nru;e;j gps;isfs; ke;j kdepiy> Nfl;ly;> njd;gLjy; my;yJ
ghu;itf; FiwghL kw;Wk; cstpaf;fk; kw;Wk; elj;ijapy; xOq;fPdkhd
jd;ikAilatu;fspypUe;J NtWgLfpd;wdu;. rhjhuz tFg;ghrpupau; kpf
neUq;fp mtjhdpg;gjd; %yk; fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfis
mwpe;Jnfhs;s KbAk;. mt;thW mwpe;Jnfhs;tjw;Fk; fw;wy; FiwghLila
gps;isfs; Kfq;nfhLf;fpd;w gpur;rpidfs; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;sTk;> ,g;NghJ
cq;fSf;F Nghjpa mwpT ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ePq;fs; gpd;gw;wf;$ba epthuz
fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs; ,k;khztu;fSf;F cjtpahf mikAk;. mtw;iw
mtu;fSf;F fw;gpf;Fk;NghJ ntw;wpfukhfg; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;syhk;.

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SNU5242 Vohk; mku;T: fw;wy; ,ayhik

Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;

cq;fSf;F jpwd;fs; Vw;gl;Ls;sdth vd;W ghUq;fs;.

• fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfis mwpe;Jnfhs;s
• fw;wy; Fiwghl;il gytiffshf tifg;gLj;j
• fw;wy; Fiwghl;Lld; njhlu;Gila vOj;J> thrpg;G> fzpjg;
gpur;rpidfis mwpe;Jnfhs;s
• fw;wy; FiwghLila gps;isfSf;F cjt

gpd;guPl;ir

u]pf;fhtpd; taJ vl;L> mtSf;F rhjhuzg; gps;isfisg; Nghd;W ey;y

ghu;itj; jpwDk; Nfl;ly; jpwDk; cz;L. vdpDk; u]pf;fh thrpf;f
kWf;fpwhs;. mj;NjhL mtuJ Mrpupaupd; kdij NtNwhu; gf;fkhfj;
jpirjpUg;Gk; tpjj;jpy; mtu; mOthu;. vdpDk; mtuJ thrpg;gpy; fhzg;gLk;
nghJg; gpur;rpidahfpa vOj;Jf;fs; tpLgLjy;> Gjpjhf vOj;Jf;fisr;
Nru;j;jy;> thf;fpaq;fspy; nrhw;fis khw;wp thrpj;jy; kw;Wk; gpioahd
cr;rupg;G Nghd;w rpy gz;Gfis MrpupaUf;F mwpe;Jnfhs;s Kbe;jJ.

ePq;fs; u]pf;fhtpd; Mrpupau; vdf;fUjp u]pf;fhTf;F mtupd; thrpg;ig

tpUj;jpnra;Jnfhs;s ePq;fs; vt;thW cjtpnra;ayhk; vd;gijj; jpl;lkpl;L
xU rpW mwpf;ifiaj; jahupf;fTk;.

crhj;Jiz

Chadhu A. (2001) A Guide to Education Children with

Learning Disabilities, Vikas Publishing
House Private Ltd. New Delhi, India.
Hallahan, D. and Cruickshank, W. (1973)
Psychoeducation Foundation of learning
disabilities Engle wood Clifts, N. J.
Prentice – Hall, Inc

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Nielsen. Lee Bratland. (1997) The exception child in the

regular class room an educator’ s guide –
Crowin Press, Inc.
NAKRA, O. (1996) Children and learning difficulties,
Allied, Publisher Ltd. New Delhi, India.
Judy W. Wood (1989) Mainstreaming A Practical Approach
for teachers, Merril Publishing Company,
London.
Ysseldyke, J. E. and Algozzine, B. (1998) Special
Education A practical Approach for
teachers, Kanishek Publishers New Delhi,
India.

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