Xylazine hydrochloride for veterinary use EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 11.

viscosimeter set at 60 r/min and equipped with a rotating

Test solution. Dissolve 0.100 g of the substance to be examined
spindle 1.78 mm high and 12.60 mm in diameter which is
in the solvent mixture and dilute to 20.0 mL with the solvent
attached to a shaft 3.2 mm in diameter. The distance from
mixture.
the top of the cylinder to the lower tip of the shaft should be
Reference solution (a). Dilute 1.0 mL of the test solution
25.60 mm and the immersion depth 50.0 mm. to 50.0 mL with the solvent mixture. Dilute 1.0 mL of this
solution to 10.0 mL with the solvent mixture.
The following characteristics may be relevant for xanthan gum
used as matrix former in prolonged-release tablets.
Reference solution (b). Dissolve 5.0 mg of bupivacaine
Viscosity : see test above. impurity F CRS (xylazine impurity A) in acetonitrile R and
dilute to 100.0 mL with the same solvent.
Particle-size distribution (2.9.31 or 2.9.38).
Reference solution (c). Dilute 1.0 mL of reference solution (b)
Powder flow (2.9.36). to 100.0 mL with the solvent mixture.
Reference solution (d). Dilute 1 mL of the test solution to
100 mL with the solvent mixture. Mix 10 mL of this solution
01/2023:1481
with 10 mL of reference solution (b). Dilute 1 mL of this
solution to 5 mL with the solvent mixture.
Column :
– size : l = 0.15 m, Ø = 3.9 mm ;
– stationary phase : end-capped octylsilyl silica gel for
XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE chromatography with embedded polar groups R (5 μm) ;
FOR VETERINARY USE – temperature : 40 °C.
Mobile phase :
Xylazini hydrochloridum ad usum – mobile phase A : mix 30 volumes of methanol R1 and
veterinarium 70 volumes of a 2.72 g/L solution of potassium dihydrogen
phosphate R previously adjusted to pH 7.2 with dilute
sodium hydroxide solution R ;
– mobile phase B : methanol R1, acetonitrile for
chromatography R (30:70 V/V) ;
Time Mobile phase A Mobile phase B
(min) (per cent V/V) (per cent V/V)
C12H17ClN2S Mr 256.8
0 - 15 89 → 28 11 → 72
[23076-35-9]
15 - 21 28 72
DEFINITION
N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-amine Flow rate : 1.0 mL/min.
hydrochloride. Detection : spectrophotometer at 230 nm.
Content : 98.0 per cent to 102.0 per cent (dried substance). Injection : 20 μL of the test solution and reference solutions (a),
(c) and (d).
CHARACTERS
Identification of impurities: use the chromatogram obtained
Appearance : white or almost white, crystalline powder, with reference solution (c) to identify the peak due to
hygroscopic. impurity A.
Solubility : freely soluble in water, very soluble in methanol, Relative retention with reference to xylazine (retention
freely soluble in methylene chloride. time = about 8 min) : impurity A = about 0.8.
It shows polymorphism (5.9). System suitability : reference solution (d) :
IDENTIFICATION – resolution : minimum 4.0 between the peaks due to
A. Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.24). impurity A and xylazine.
Comparison : xylazine hydrochloride CRS. Calculation of percentage contents :
If the spectra obtained show differences, dissolve the – for impurity A, use the concentration of impurity A in
substance to be examined and the reference substance reference solution (c) ;
separately in the minimum volume of water R, evaporate to – for impurities other than A, use the concentration of
dryness at 60 °C at a pressure of 10-20 kPa, and record new xylazine hydrochloride in reference solution (a).
spectra using the residues. Limits :
B. It gives reaction (a) of chlorides (2.3.1). – impurity A : maximum 0.01 per cent ;
– unspecified impurities : for each impurity, maximum
TESTS 0.20 per cent ;
Solution S. Dissolve 5.0 g in carbon dioxide-free water R, – total : maximum 0.2 per cent ;
heating at 60 °C if necessary ; allow to cool and dilute to
– reporting threshold : 0.10 per cent, except for impurity A.
50.0 mL with the same solvent.
Loss on drying (2.2.32) : maximum 0.5 per cent, determined
Appearance of solution. Solution S is not more opalescent
on 1.000 g by drying in an oven at 105 °C for 2 h.
than reference suspension II (2.2.1) and is colourless (2.2.2,
Method II). Sulfated ash (2.4.14): maximum 0.1 per cent, determined on
1.0 g.
pH (2.2.3): 4.0 to 5.5 for solution S.
Related substances. Liquid chromatography (2.2.29). Prepare ASSAY
the solutions immediately before use. Dissolve 0.200 g in 25 mL of ethanol (96 per cent) R. Add
Solvent mixture. Mix 8 volumes of acetonitrile R, 30 volumes 25 mL of water R. Titrate with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide,
of methanol R and 62 volumes of a 2.72 g/L solution of determining the end-point potentiometrically (2.2.20).
potassium dihydrogen phosphate R previously adjusted to 1 mL of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide is equivalent to 25.68 mg
pH 7.2 with dilute sodium hydroxide solution R. of C12H17ClN2S.

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EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 11.0 Xylitol

STORAGE
In an airtight container, protected from light.
IMPURITIES
Specified impurities : A.
Other detectable impurities (the following substances would,
if present at a sufficient level, be detected by one or other of
the tests in the monograph. They are limited by the general
acceptance criterion for other/unspecified impurities and/or
by the general monograph Substances for pharmaceutical use
(2034). It is therefore not necessary to identify these impurities
for demonstration of compliance. See also 5.10. Control of
impurities in substances for pharmaceutical use) : B, C, D.
A. 2,6-dimethylaniline (2,6-xylidine),
B. N,N′-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)thiourea,
C. 1-isothiocyanato-2,6-dimethylbenzene,
D. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N′-(3-hydroxypropyl)thiourea.
07/2016:1381
corrected 10.0
XYLITOL
Xylitolum
C5H12O5 Mr 152.1
[87-99-0]
DEFINITION
Meso-xylitol.
Content : 98.0 per cent to 102.0 per cent (anhydrous substance).
CHARACTERS
Appearance : white or almost white, crystalline powder or
crystals.
Solubility : very soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol
(96 per cent).
IDENTIFICATION
First identification : B.
Second identification : A, C.
A. Melting point (2.2.14): 92 °C to 96 °C.
B. Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.24).
Preparation : mulls in liquid paraffin R.
Comparison : xylitol CRS.
C. Thin-layer chromatography (2.2.27).
Test solution. Dissolve 25 mg of the substance to be
examined in water R and dilute to 10 mL with the same
solvent.
Reference solution (a). Dissolve 25 mg of xylitol CRS in
water R and dilute to 10 mL with the same solvent.
Reference solution (b). Dissolve 25 mg of mannitol R and
25 mg of xylitol R in water R and dilute to 10 mL with the
same solvent.
Plate : TLC silica gel plate R.
Mobile phase : water R, ethyl acetate R, propanol R
(10:20:70 V/V/V).
Application : 2 μL.
Development : over 3/4 of the plate.
Drying : in air.
Detection : spray with 4-aminobenzoic acid solution R, dry
in a current of cold air until the acetone is removed, then
heat at 100 °C for 15 min ; allow to cool, spray with a 2 g/L
solution of sodium periodate R, dry in a current of cold air,
then heat at 100 °C for 15 min.
System suitability : reference solution (b) :
– the chromatogram shows 2 clearly separated spots.
Results : the principal spot in the chromatogram obtained
with the test solution is similar in position, colour and size
to the principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with
reference solution (a).
TESTS
Appearance of solution. The solution is not more opalescent
than reference suspension IV (2.2.1) and not more intensely
coloured than reference solution BY7 (2.2.2, Method II).
Dissolve 2.5 g in water R and dilute to 50.0 mL with the same
solvent.
Conductivity (2.2.38) : maximum 20 μS·cm− 1.
Dissolve 20.0 g in carbon dioxide-free water R prepared from
distilled water R and dilute to 100.0 mL with the same solvent.
Measure the conductivity of the solution while gently stirring
with a magnetic stirrer.
Reducing sugars : maximum 0.2 per cent, calculated as
glucose equivalent.
Dissolve 5.0 g in 6 mL of water R with the aid of gentle heat.
Cool and add 20 mL of cupri-citric solution R and a few glass
beads. Heat so that boiling begins after 4 min and maintain
boiling for 3 min. Cool rapidly and add 100 mL of a 2.4 per
cent V/V solution of glacial acetic acid R and 20.0 mL of
0.025 M iodine. With continuous shaking, add 25 mL of a
mixture of 6 volumes of hydrochloric acid R and 94 volumes
of water R and, when the precipitate has dissolved, titrate the
excess of iodine with 0.05 M sodium thiosulfate using 1 mL of
starch solution R, added towards the end of the titration, as
indicator. Not less than 12.8 mL of 0.05 M sodium thiosulfate
is required.
Related substances. Gas chromatography (2.2.28).
Internal standard solution. Dissolve 5 mg of erythritol R in
water R and dilute to 25.0 mL with the same solvent.
Test solution (a). Dissolve 5.000 g of the substance to be
examined in water R and dilute to 100.0 mL with the same
solvent.
Test solution (b). Dilute 1.0 mL of test solution (a) to 10.0 mL
with water R.

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