Well Services Technology Day 2012 HCMC, 18th April 2012

Mangrove Overview

Schlumberger Private
Raymond J. Tibbles, Stimulation Domain Manager
and Sand Control Advisor

Conventional to Unconventional
Post Stimulation Production Increase
600

500
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Pre-Stimulation Post-Stimulation
400
Production Production

300
Well
Stimulation
200

Well Economic
100
Limit

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time (Months)

Un-Conventional

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Well Services Technology Day 2012 HCMC, 18th April 2012

Efficient recovery or Factory Mode?

Oil wells in Los Angeles area, ca. 1900

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Source: Peter A. Scholle via Google

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Barnett shale gas factory, ca. 2008

Trends in Hydraulic Fracturing

Heterogeneous , naturally fractured, complex, and ultra-low
permeability

Horizontal wells, pad wells, infill drilling

Multistage and multiple perf cluster completions

Stimulation as the key component for FDP and optimization
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Needed

Leverage measurements and data to characterize heterogeneity

Establish consistent model cross-validating data from multiple
disciplines

Leverage the model to optimize completion strategy

Design fracture based on localized reservoir model information

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Well Services Technology Day 2012 HCMC, 18th April 2012

Reservoir Heterogeneity

Impact of heterogeneity within a 100 sq.
miles region Haynesville

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Heterogeneity within a reservoir layer
Source: Adapted from Terratek, 2009

Log Scale
Cluster Logs
Source: IHS

Heterogeneity  Characterization Reservoir section

Earth model critical for completion,

diversion, containment, and complexity

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Stimulation design decision driven by multi-
Problematic rock
domain measurements and data
Best reservoir quality
Low stress rock

Integrated Reservoir Centric Workflow

Well Planning Optimize Optimize

Reservoir 3D Mech. Earth Staging Stimulation Production

Characterization
Character. Model Design Design
Design Prediction
Shale Gas
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RT Workflow
Calibration Tight Gas
Tests
Update
SSt
Model

Execute

RT Optimize Carbonate
Post RT
RT Production RT RT
Treatment
Evaluation
RT Control
Prediction Execution
Stimulation
Design
Interpretation Measurement

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Well Services Technology Day 2012 HCMC, 18th April 2012

Enable Integrated Workflow with Petrel

Structure
Lithology
Petrel supports seismic-to-simulation modeling workflow

Hydraulic Fracturing permanently alters the reservoir

Mangrove introduces completion and stimulation design in
DFN this workflow

Mangrove enables evaluation of post-stimulation impact on
reservoir

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Geomechanical
Model

Reservoir
HF Simulation
Simulator Mean =
Reserves
10.9 m3 106
Azimuth

Distribution

Structure

Contacts

Width

Faults

-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

del STOIP (Mm3)

Microseismic Monitoring
Optimization

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Mangrove: Key Components

Multistage Advisor
– Staging and perforation design based on reservoir
characterization for
• Laterals in Shale Gas
• Vertical wells in Tight Gas Sand
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Well & Completion Specific

Fracture Models
– Fit-for-purpose and Rigorous
• Unconventional Fractured Simulator
• Conventional and Tight Sand Simulator
Reservoir Specific

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Well Services Technology Day 2012 HCMC, 18th April 2012

What Is Being Done…

cFRAC’s

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What We See – Barnett Example

70% of Gas ½ of Perforations

Production Profile
30%
20%
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10%
0%

Stage 3 Stage 2 Stage 1

Derived from H
Stress

Resistivity
Image log
SPE 103202
L

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Well Services Technology Day 2012 HCMC, 18th April 2012

What We Can Now Do…

Tight Gas Sandstone Shale Gas

G B G B G B CQ
B G B RQ

Composite
GB BB BG GG BG GB BB Score

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Reservoir Properties - Reservoir Quality (RQ), Completion Quality (CQ)

Structural constraints – Natural Fractures, Faults, etc.

Operational constraints – Injections rate, stage length, etc.

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HF Modeling in Unconventional Reservoir

Fracture treatments in shale exhibit complex
fracture network

Shale reservoirs are highly heterogeneous, leading

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to large variation in production

Cotton Valley Sandstone

Current hydraulic fracture models for single planar

fracture in homogenous reservoir
– Unable to simulate fracture network
– Unable to take into account the reservoir
heterogeneity

Barnett Shale

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Well Services Technology Day 2012 HCMC, 18th April 2012

Complex Fracture Models

Two Different Models
– Satisfy mass (volume) balance
– Fracture mechanics
– Proppant placement

Wiremesh Model

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– Semi-analytical
– Elliptical equivalent porous media
– Two orthogonal sets of fractures
– Can work with limited input dataset

Unconventional Fracture Model (UFM)

– Gridded numerical, rigorous model
– Explicit modeling of HF-NF interaction
– Links rock fabric with fracture geometry

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– Unique fully coupled solution

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Complex Hydraulic Fracture Network Schlumberger Private

Natural fractures

Fluid
Fluid + proppant
Perforation clusters

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Well Services Technology Day 2012 HCMC, 18th April 2012

Triangulation with Available Data

Calibration
Reservoir Characterization

3D
MEM

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HFN ESV

Import
3D DFN

Production Simulation

DATASPARSE
DATA RICH

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Mangrove: Integrated Application

End-to-end solution for completion, stimulation, and evaluation needs

Next generation solutions are customized for specific reservoir environment

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Enable leveraging the integrated solution with state-of-the art simulators

OCEAN/PETREL
Reservoir Completion Stimulation Reservoir Other
Characterization Design Design Simulation Plug-ins

WireMesh UFM P3D PL3D

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Well Services Technology Day 2012 HCMC, 18th April 2012

Enable Operator Workflows

Operator

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• Data (3D/4D) • Data
• Designs • Objectives
• Technology • Designs
• Pricing • Questions
• Schedule

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SLB

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“Innovation Partners”

Run pilots with selected few Innovation Partner operators
- Enhancements with operator workflows and applications
- Impact of input data and measurements, application validation

Mangrove Innovation Partner (MIP) engagement: Phased approach

Guide: Work with the operator and their data. Solicit input defining and
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-
improving workflows
- Drive: Operator asset team has direct access to run the application and provide
input

MIP Benefits
- First access to the step changing technology
- Opportunity for asset team to work together through integration solution
- Steer the future development to solve operator tough problems

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Well Services Technology Day 2012 HCMC, 18th April 2012

Summary & Conclusion

End-to-end solution for client’s completion, stimulation, and evaluation needs

Next generation solutions are customized for specific reservoir environment

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Leverage the integrated solution with state-of-the art simulators

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