Principles of reinforced/Pre-stressed Concrete design Analysis & Design for Shear Bo. geoenendsShear stresses in Concrete Beams Shear, V PA ce CR a nae rE direction to the algebraic sum (resultant) of the components in the direction Pirie hg RU Oma Ue Cue DOc ued reactions acting on either side ofthe section under consideration, Shear Forces > ‘Are maximum at supports of beams Shear Reinforcements or stirrups > Are placed vertically to resist cracks » T Avi, SO coer FLOWER ENED ew worm rose ores J oenam 4 48 Ac CeCCHS SSS # Fe oLORIOS Lo@Cuaende tenon oom -a™ ean.Shear stresses in Concrete Beams Shear Failure 2 also called diagonal tension failure Diagonal tension stress- > resulting from the combination of shear stress and longitudinal flexural stress Forces at diagonal crac in abeam without web reinforcementShear stresses in Concrete Beams Shear Reinforcements (Web Reinforcements) ¥ Stirups Vertical o inclined) Functions of Shear Reinforcements ‘re placed to resist racks Neal (ese “1. Caries a portion of flexural factored TE shear force. Wh HELE UU Ltt. UL >. Restricts te growth of diagonal cracks. Hold the longitudinal enforceme bars in place. = fae =| I= ¥ Bent-up longitudinal bars rovide forcement for negative moments oe . Provides some confinement tothe concet inthe compression oe if the strups aren the form of closed tiesShear stresses in Concrete Beams Location of Critical Section | wt the Me We t a la) fa] 4] @ o ; a Endsupported beam Beam supported by columns Concentrated lad wthind of the face ofthe support C Foul uu @ B o seam supremo er sen ‘Member loaded near the Beam supported by sider bottom, cof similar depth pean ieee aShear stresses in Concrete Beams ACI Code Provision for Shear Design (NSCP 2015 section 409.5.4) 4065.4 Vy due to gravity loads shall be calculated in accordance with Table 406.54. ‘Table 406.54 Approximate Shears for Non-Prestressed Continuous Beams and One-Way / Slabs ‘oetion |e Exterior face oft intgior LSyf/2 spot ee Face ofall other supports Wolye? | @e 4L9O@BBEC®Shear stresses in Coricrete Beams ACI Code Provision for Shear Design 1, Shear Strength Vas Vn where: V, > total shear force applied ata given section of the beam due to factored loads ¥, > nominal shear strength, equal tothe sum of the contributions ofthe concrete and the web steel if present Vy =VetVs 4925 One-way Shear Strength 42251" Gener 425,141 Nominal one-way shear strength a a setion, V, shall be alelated by: V=VeH, (of) 4225.12 Cross-sectional dimensions shall be sel satily Eq. 4225.1.2, VS dW 0.67{fibya) 22512) , eee A ee aShear stresses in Congrete Beams ACI Code Provision for Shear Design 1. Shear Strength Shear Strength of Concrete 5 (28) byd = OLTAYF by 7 4 17h hd = f hen (usr ind when Gp s10 al Shear Strength of Steel Beam with diagonal crack and (/ vertical stirups yx > specified yield strength of transverse reinforcement a () Wa dalen _,_er0ss~ sectional are cach " stirrups has cPbssing the cracks Spacing of vertical stirrups 2s mumber of stirrups crossing ; the cracks dShear stresses in Concrete Beams | ACI Code Provision for Shear Design 1L. Shear Strength 7 ye (2) yd = OTA F bye = r 6 As ay 7 > pKa yd v= (aelie Elia when Gp-S10 A Shear Strength of Steel Doan vith gas aad { veal fye > specified ye strength of transverse reinforcement a We Auf ee Abels Aes cross - sectional area each Ly > stirrups has cfbssing the cracks Spacing of vertical stirrups in| mumber of stirrups crossing Z Aly the cracks a da % nat 3 gas wroeuenee oisACI Code Provision for Shear Design 1, Shear Strength Vu dn Waleth, ein for vertical stirraps Ys oh +—— GApfyrd (sina + cos) for incined Fe Me straps Strength reduction for shear, : = =0.75 Shear stresses in Concrete Beams Forces at diagonal cacinabeam w/ ince web reinforcementShear stresses in Concrete Beams | ACI Code Provision for Shear Design | 2 Minimum shear reinforcement 409.63 Minimum Shear Reinforcement 409.63. A minimum area of shear reinforcement, Asma» shall be provided in all epions where Vy > 0.56V, except for the cass in Table 409.631, where at eat Ayn Sal be provided where Vy > OV. Table 49631 ‘Cases Where Ay min 1s wot Required IO.SQV, < VS OM, BanType Canis Tallow eh 1s 50mm a a L As60nm Casal wit ae fied rented oe and MPa K SOIT l ibd Gabay oo sem_[ aes with Seton HP ‘Table 409.633 Required Aymin f Ban Type AenalS «| Nerd one | ih dye < « es it 40 (An that 446) eae Frets with Bye 2040 (Ay +f + Ath) dann = 0050 FF 2038 0° where: fe + longitudial spacing of web fe yield strength of web steel, Mpa total cross ~ sectional area of Aomin > ye tel within distances nmmaeeete aShear stresses in Concrete Beams ACI Code Provision for Shear Design 3. Maximum spacing shear reinforcement 409.162 Shear 409,7.6.2.1 If required, shear reinforcement shall be provided using taps, hops, o logit ent bas 409.7622 Maxinum spacing of shear rcafrcement ‘hall be in accordance with Table 409,7.6.2.2, 409.16.23 Inclined stirs and longitial bars bento ‘act a8 shear reinforcement shll be spaced so that evry 4S-degre line, extending d/2 toward the reaction fom mid-depth of member to longitudinal tension reinforcement, shall be crosed by atleast oe line of shear reinfrcermen, 409.1624 Longitudinal burs bent to act a shear stinforgement, if extended into a region of tension, shall be comiwous with longitinlrenrcement and if «extended ino a region of compression, shall be anchored 4/2 beyond mi depot mene © Table 492.622 Maximum Spacing of hear inforcement, Nuinns;nm | Non % pote | eased team 2 f rN 3h saan | |S >osyfibed petY ACI Code Provision for Shear Design 3. ‘Maximum spacing shear reinforcement when: V2 033 YF cbyd Maximum spacing of web reinforcement. ‘As governed by diagonal crack interception. ten ARB an Aa weShear stresses in Concrete Beams ACI Code Provision for Shear Design raean2249) “4, Limiting Material Strength : Neeser Riser ] Maen “ge ST Stas " oe pi ee ee ee) 42253 Limiting Matra Strengths in| “Rm | "Win | stems | het 42281 The vale of Jf sed to cael Vo, Vey | "Tt co | EGGS. | Netomet | Naren | SE and Voy for one-way shear shall not exceed 83MPa, | Sten! aL | aca} asso avo | anes | aie | AMO une llwed in Section 42.532, alae ee fa 55 amar | avon |g, oe swimcamoc | Ae | himaet | MP 4253.2 Values of Ff greater than 8.3MPa shall be feo Tac permitted in calculating Ve, Vd Vey for enforced or | “atm ne | ava | MY Nepemeet prestressed concrete beams and concrete jos oastuction a Ta AA soso | ma | (mw | rome ‘mistaioe | ama Of avsscama | ae | Sven | Serene = axe | te | oe [amas | es ete ed el wont ase | Mest [rene ting inimum web enforcement in acodane with Section 409,633 or $09,642 422833 The values off, and fy wed tocaeuate Vy |g. | shall not exceed the limits in Seton 420224. fief] releniqe| a nigenig | to i a Waleed pale eo I TOS {0 ss repo gee rev re mp © gp nn Selapidingn bn eae a 55k stirrups nat required -——4 | 350mm But the NSCP section 409.63 requires a ‘at least a minimum web reinf. i 2 3%Example 1. Thebeambas f', = 21 Mpa and f, = 420 Mpa, dtl te ttl spacing of 10mm diameter stirrups for the following shears: Solution: V, = 180 KN c VWe= 017 febyd d W=670kN ¥, = 0.17(1.0)¥21(350)(600)/10° V, = 1636kN jv, = 075(1636) = 122.7 kN &] | o. 6135kN <180kN / «stirrups requiredExample I) I 1. Thebeamhas f', = 21 Mpa and f, = 420 Mpa, determin the theoretical pacing of 10mm diameter sirup fo the following shears: Solution: Vy = 180 kN GAsfnd gates We= 047A Fbyd % ) 0.75(142)(420)(600) } ¥, = 0.17(1.0)v21(350)(600)/10? Ve = 163.6 kN : ‘57.3x10° ) s=468mm (60, = 075(1636) = 122.7 kN # .erasin < 180kN ( 3 2 stirrups required | }-——+ Theoretical Spacing Kaho v, = 180-1227 : ¥,=S73KNke Example i 1. Thebeamhas f', = 21 Mpa and f, = 420 Mpa, a the theoretical pacing of 10 mm diameter strups for the following shears: Solution: V, = 180 kN oA, c ,=270kN We= O17 cbyd ‘ y d= 670kN i= o17(uoyTssoyenny? 0.75(142)(420)(600) poll 7 573210? ) = 1636kN $ = 468mm : WV, = 0.75(1636) = 122.7 kN Determine max spacing: ma & L35kN <180KN / «stirrups required 033 fcbud = 3176 7 ; ; ¥,5033 Vf cbyd : [sem 71 Theoretical Spacing Wado ¥,= 180 - 1227 W,=573KN 7 use 10mm stirrups space @ 300mm 0..¢Example ~ 2. Asimply supported rectangular beam as shown cartes a total factored load of 137 N/m ona 6 m clear spa. is reinforced with 4.914 mm? of tensile steel, which continues uninterrupted into the supports. ff", ‘throughout what part ofthe beams web reinforcement required? Bz sls bs AOneeaen ea aExample “7 2. Asimply supported rectangular beam as shown carries a total factored load of 137 KN/m on a6 m clear pan. tis reinforced with 4,914 mm? of tensile steel, which continues uninterrupted into the supports. if’. = 28 Mpa, throughout what part of the beam is web reinforcement required? wy = 137kN/m Solution: 0) - 2 R=AULEN t R= ¥,= 411 ~ 137(055) 41 =0. ATA cyt a ¥, = 0.17(1.0)(v28)(400)(550) ee $y, =075(1979) = 1484kN = 197,900N = 1979 kN eer ee a i a ae ~ = @ fanwean | = 33640 Y= 1484 at om Fenawn >| @i- 18) x=192m 3 Theoritical distance where web reinf. << sna longer required But the NSCP section 409.633 requires at least a minimum web reinf., V, a s_6) @ 1 = 246m distance where web reinforcement isrequired 6 SERENEExample Ye 3. Using vertical U stirrups with fyt = 420 Mpa, design the web reinforcement for the beam in example 1. et d=550mm | "400mm b ¥, = 197,900N = 197.9 kN $V, = 0.75(197.9) = 1484 kN _-+ critical section for shear yeauiy rc = 336kN Y= 4Bann 3, Using vertical U stirrups with f,z = 420 Mpa, design the web reinforcement for the beam in example 1. d=054m a= 550mm gear _-ertical section for shear K-33 PS 400mm ” V,= 197,900 N = 197.9 kN Determine max spacing: / gl, = 0.75(1979) = 1484 kN 0:33 Vf'cbyd = 384.16 kN checks ¥> dy ¥, $033 /f bd 2 stirrups required ssmaxspgcing Kaho d = 82820) = ge am Ye =336~1484 0.062¥28 (400) ¥=1676kN ss 40820) oe am é $= 0350, = 935400) * (n> ee , aAaweenda naa @anExample F } 3. Using vertical U stirrups with f,, = 420 Mpa, design the web reinforcement for the beam in example 1. | Required spacing for excess shear: a=054 a= f 550 m| _ Phd Kaauky 0 y= 336K = 2750424201550) se aty 0m 7 5 Te eri? ¢ Muay $= 131mm say 125mm a v.biag| ¥,= 197,900N = 197.9 kN $Y, = 0.75(197.9) = 148.4 kN 1 chesk: > 50 yhaf pean | _ vertical section for shear shy a ssomm| | 4, 4914 mm? = +|eee % 2 7 0.75(142)(420)(550) = ean t 187.6x10" ” 400mm teennen $= 131mm say 125mm rn ¥,=197900N = 1979kN f $1=075(1979) = 984s etna which mar pinged i 1 Snax = 275 mm a i check: ¥, > = 2 Agfa 075(142)(420)(50) Mess oS wah oh ¥, = 89460 N = 6946KN -Exampl xample | 3. Using vertical U stirrups with fy, = 420 Mpa, design the web reinforcement forthe beam in example 1 Required spacing for excess shear: d= critical section for shear wean 550 mm _Paohad ve y= m6lN 0.75(142)(420)(550) 187.6x10" oes usaey Eo ame fa $= 131mm say 125mm Voi v, = 197,900 = 1979 ka gyesarscsr9)= 1484s en at which max spacing i use: : og Spar = 275mm i ! ks > sol See NE AE tut exces v.=%-oh a a % Sci a Sse file Y Ke = 336-1Example // 3. Using vertical U stirrups with f_ = 420 Mpa, design the web reinforcement forthe beam in example 1. Sypax = 275 mm 125mm d, = 065m Summary: Use 10mm 0 stirrups, wean | spaced @ 1 - 50mm,10@ 125mm o.¢., ua rest @275mm of centero.c. —~ 50mm |at Activity 4. Determine the required spacing of 10mm 0 stirups ofthe beam shown with f'. = 21 Mpa and f,, = 420 Mpa. a | y= 846KN/m d= - 750mm pa: 8m 400 mm