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ORGANLEVEL __.... ORGAN· SYSTE M· L E V E L· OF· ORGAN IS AT ION

c{jj CELLULAR
Germ-Layers 2,Diploblastic 2,Diploblastic 3,Triploblastic 3,Triploblastic 3,Triploblastic 3,Triploblastic 3,Triploblastic 3,Triploblastic 3,Triploblastic
Habit and Habitat Generally marine few are Aquatic, mostly marine, Exclusively marine Mostly endoparasites Free Ii v i n g, a q u a t i c , Aquatic, terrestrial, free Cosmopolitan Terrestrial, aquatic Exclusively marine Marine
fresh water sessile, free swimming terrestrial, parasitic in I i v i n g , s o m e t i m e s
plants and animals parasitic
Circulation System Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Closed Open Open Except cephalopoda Open Open
Digestion Intracellular in Intracellular and Extracellular Absorb nutrients from Extracellular Extracellular Extracellular Extracellular Extracellular Extracellular
choanocytes host body through body
surface, incomplete
Excretion by Excretory organ are absent, Excretion by general body surface Flame cells A n e x c r e t o r y t u b e Nephridia M a l p h i g i a n-Tu bules, Gills, Metanephridia Excretory system absent Proboscis gland
removes body waste Coxal gland, Green gland
through excretory pore.
Sexes Are Not-Separate Not-Separate Not-Separate, Separate Not-Separate Separate N e r e i s ( D i o e c i o u s, Mostly Dioecious Dioecious Separate Separate
Separate Earthworm (Monoecious)
Fertilisation Internal External External Internal Internal Internal, External Internal Internal , External External External
Development Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Direct, Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect
Larva Present Present Present Present Absent, Present Present Present Present Present Present
More Examples Physalia (Portuguese Ctenoplana Wauchereria Pheretima A n o p h e I e s, C u I e x, Aplysia (Sea hare}, Echinus (Sea urchin), Saccoglossus
man of war), Pennatula (Filaria-worm), (Earthworm) Aedes, Living fossil Sepia (Cuttle fish}, Antedon (Sea lily)
(Seapen), Meandrina Ancylostoma Limulus (King Crab) Dentalium (Tusk shell}, Cucumaria
TG: @Chalnaayaaar (Brain coral) (Hookworm) Loligo (Squid) (Sea cucumber)
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

CLASSES CLASSES
CHONDRICHTHYES OSTEICHTHYES AMPHIBIA REPTILIA AVES MAMMALS
Shape of body Streamlined Streamlined • Habitat Aquatic,Terrestrial .-----=i Polar ice caps, deserts,
,�------� Pavo mountains, forests, grasslands,
Endoskeleton Cartilaginous Bony (Peacock) darkcaves
Mouth Located ventrally Terminal
Gills 5 to 7 pairs 4 pairs • Limbs 2-pairs in most
Chameleon Tree Lizard Balaeno tera (Blue Whale)
Operculum Absent Present • Body divisions 2, head and trunk 4-Head, neck, trunk, tall 4-Head, neck, trunk, tail 4-Head, neck, trunk, tall
Notochord Persist throughout life Replace by vertebral column Psittacula
• Body is covered with Salamandra dry and cornified skin, feathers hair
(Parrot) .· .J
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Type of scales on skin Placoid Cycloid/Ctenoid epidermal scales or scutes ""'£

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Air bladder Absent Present • Heart chambers Three � Four Four
Sexes are Separate Separate • Poikilothermals/ Poikitothermals Frog Poikitothermals Homeothermals Homeothermals
Clasper in males Present near pelvic fin Absent Homeothermals
Crocodilus
Fertilisation Internal External • Respiration by Lungs, gills, skin, Lungs in land fo":_J , Lungs, air sacs connected to Lungs
OvWiviparous Many are viviparous Mostly oviparous buccopharyngeal cavity lungs supplement resp.
Development Direct Pristis Direct Cat/a (Katia) • Excretion by Kidneys Kidneys Kidneys Kidneys
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poikilothermals • Excretory matter NH3 in aquatic form, NH3 in aquatic form, ., . Uric acid Urea
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PROTOCHORDATES CLASS • Sexes Separate Separate Separate Separate

CYCLOSTOMATA Omithorhynchus (Platypus)
• Fertilisation External Internal Internal Struthio (Ostrich) Internal
PISCES TETRAPODA
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• OvWiviparous Oviparous Oviparous Oviparous Viviparous
Subphylums
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c: 2. Class - Osteichthyes - Marine - Exocoetus (Flying fish), Hippocampus (Sea horse); Freshwater - Labeo (Rohu), Cat/a (Katia), C/arias (Magur); Aquarium - Betta (Fighting
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GNATHOSTOMATA

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SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA

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NOTOCHORD, DORSAL HOLLOW NERVE CORDE, POST ANAL TAIL, BILATERAL SYMMETRY,
ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION, PAIRED PHARYNGEAL GILL SLIT,
CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM, COELOMATE Post-anal part
Gill slits