SUMMER VACATION ASSIGNMENT OF CLASS XII (2024 – 2025)

Subject : Chemistry
1. Halo alkanes and halo arenes
1.(a) Identify the chiral molecule in the following pair:

(b) Write the structure of the product when chlorobenzene is treated with methyl chloride in the presence
of sodium metal and dry ether.
(c) Write the structure of the alkene formed by dehydrohalogenation of 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane
with alcoholic KOH.
(d) Out of chlorobenzene and benzyl chloride, which one gets easily hydrolysed by aqueous NaOH and
why?
2. (i)Define ambident Nucleophile with an example.
(ii) Out of (CH₃)₃C - Br and (CH₃)₃C – I Which one is more reactive towards S𝑁1 and why ?
(iii) Write the products formed when p – nitrochlorobenzene is heated with aqueous NaOH at 443K
followed by acidification .
(iv) Why dextro and laevo – rotatory isomers of Butan – 2 -ol are difficult to separate by fractional
distillation ?
3.(i) Justify and arrange the following compounds namely
C₆H₅CH₂Br , C₆H₅CH(Br)CH₃ , C₆H₅ C(CH₃)₂Br
In increasing order of reactivity towards the asked displacement namely ; (a) SN¹ (b) SN²
(ii) Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in S𝑁1 reaction with 𝑂𝐻 − ?
(a) C𝐻2 =CH- C𝐻2 -Cl or C𝐻3 -C𝐻2 – C𝐻2 – Cl (b) (C𝐻3 )3C-Cl or C𝐻3 Cl
4. (i) What happens when bromobenzene is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether?
(ii) Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from
(a) 1-chlorobutane (b) but-1-ene.
(iii) Write the structure of the major products in each of the following reactions:
𝐸𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙 ,ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑠 Al𝐶𝑙3
(a) C𝐻3 - CH – C𝐻3 + KOH → (b) 𝐶6 𝐻5Cl + C𝐻3 COCI →
2. Alcohol , ether and phenol
1. Write the structures of the main products in the following reactions :

(i) (ii)
(iii)
2.(i) Write the mechanism of the following reaction :
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐.𝐻2 S𝑂4(443𝐾)
CH₃CH₂OH → CH₂= CH₂ + H₂O
(ii) Give simple chemical test to distinguish between ethanol and phenol .
3. Account for the following :
(i) O – nitrophenol is more volatile than p – nitophenol .
(ii) t – butyl chloride on heating with sodium ethoxide gives 2 – methyl propene instead of t – butyl
methyl ether .
(iii) phenol undergoes electrophilic substitution reaction more easily than benzene .
(iv) Bond angle (C – O – H) in alcohol is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle .
(v) C – OH bond length in C𝐻3 OH is slightly more than the C – OH bond length in phenol .
4. Write the reaction involved in the following :
(i) Reimer – Tiemann reaction (ii) Friedel – Crafts of alkylation of phenol
(iii) preparation of phenol from cumene . (iv) Phenol to anisole (v) Ethanol to propan – 2 – ol
3. Solutions
1. Give reasons for the following:
(a) Measurement of osmotic pressure method is preferred for the determination of molar masses of
macromolecules such as proteins and polymers.
(b) Aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water than in warm water.
(c) Elevation of boiling point of 1 M KCl solution is nearly double than that of 1 M sugar solution.
2. (a) Predict the state of the solute in the solution in the following situations :
(i) When ‘ i ‘ is found to be 0.3 (ii) When ‘ i ‘ is found to be 4 .
(b) What type of deviation from Raoult's law is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone? Give
reason.
3. Define the following :
(i) ideal solution (ii) minimum boiling azeotropes (iii) van’t Hoff factor (iv) abnormal molecular mass
(v) reverse osmosis

4. 0.3 g of acetic acid (M = 60 g 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1) dissolved in 30 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing
point equal to 0-45°C. Calculate the percentage association of acid if it forms a dimer in the solution.
(Given: 𝐾𝑓 for benzene = 5.12 K kg 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1)
5. A 4% solution (w/w) sucrose (M = 342/mole) in water has a freezing point of 271.15K . Calculate the
freezing point of 5% glucose ( M = 180g/mole) in water .
( Given freezing point of water = 273.15K)
4. Electro chemistry

1 Calculate the emf of the following cell at 25°C:

Zn (s) | 𝑍𝑛2+ (0.1 M) || 𝐻 + (0.01 M) | 𝐻2 (g) (1 bar), Pt (s)
[Given: 𝐸 0 𝑍𝑛2+/Zn = - 0.76 V, 𝐸 0 𝐻 +/ 𝐻2 = 0 V log 10 = 1

2. State Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Why does the conductivity of a
solution decrease with dilution?
3. The molar conductivities of N𝐻4 + ion are 73.8 S𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 and 76.2 S 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
respectively. The conductivity of 0 .1 M N𝐻4 Cl is 1.29 x 10−2 S 𝑐𝑚−1. Calculate its molar
conductivity and degree of dissociation.
(ii) Calculate the half-cell potential at 298 K for the reaction
𝑍𝑛2+ + 2𝑒 − → Zn
If [𝑍𝑛2+ ] = 0 .1 M and 𝐸 0 𝑍𝑛2+ /Zn = - 0.76 V

4.The resistance of 0.05 M C𝐻3 COOH solution is found to be 100 ohm. If the cell constant is
0.0354 𝑐𝑚−1 calculate the molar conductivity of the acetic acid solution.
5. State Faraday's first law of electrolysis. How much charge in Faraday is required for the
reduction of 1 mol of Mn𝑂4 − to 𝑀𝑛2+ ?
6.(i) conductivity of 0.0025 mol 𝐿−1 acetic acid is 5.25 x 10-5 S𝑐𝑚−1 . Calculate its degree of
dissociation if ∧𝑚 𝑂 for acetic acid is 390 S 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
(ii) Write anode, cathode and overall reaction of lead storage battery.