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Terms in this set (19)

1. A 4-year-old boy develops an

acute febrile illness. His pediatrician
diagnoses mumps. The organ most
commonly exhibiting
signs of mumps is the
(A) Lungs
(B) Ovary
(C) Parotid glands
(D) Skin
(E) Testes

2. The paramyxoviruses include the

most important causes of
respiratory infections in infants and
young children. Which of
the following is not characteristic of
paramyxoviruses?
(A) Genome is negative-sense RNA.
(B) Envelope contains a glycoprotein
with fusion activity.
(C) Paramyxoviruses do not undergo
genetic reassortment.
(D) Replication cycle occurs in
cytoplasm of susceptible cells.
(E) Genome is segmented.

3. A 2-month-old infant developed a

respiratory illness that the
pediatrician diagnosed as
bronchiolitis. The most likely cause
of the disease is
(A) Parainfluenza virus type 4
(B) Respiratory syncytial virus
(C) Influenza virus
(D) Metapneumovirus
(E) Measles virus

4. Several paramyxoviruses can

cause pneumonia in infants or
children. For which of the following
paramyxoviruses is there
an effective vaccine available that
would prevent pneumonia?
(A) Parainfluenza virus type 1
(B) Measles virus
(C) Respiratory syncytial virus
(D) Mumps virus
(E) Metapneumovirus

5. A 27-year-old woman who is 2

months' pregnant develops fever,
malaise, and arthralgia. A fine
maculopapular rash appears on
her face, trunk, and extremities.
Rubella is diagnosed, and there
is concern that the fetus will be
infected, resulting in the congenital
rubella syndrome. Which of the
following statements
about this syndrome is correct?
(A) The disease can be prevented by
vaccination of school-age
children with measles vaccine.
(B) Congenital abnormalities occur
when a nonimmune pregnant
woman is infected at any time during
pregnancy.
(C) Deafness is a common defect
associated with congenital
rubella syndrome.
(D) Only rare strains of rubella virus
are teratogenic.
(E) None of the above

6. A 5-year-old child develops a low-

grade fever, coryza, conjunctivitis,
and Koplik spots. The physician can
conclude that
(A) The child has probably not been
successfully vaccinated
with the MMR vaccine.
(B) The child's pregnant mother is at
risk of becoming infected
and her unborn child developing
congenital abnormalities,
including mental retardation.
(C) A rash will soon develop on the
child's face and will last
only 2-3 days.
(D) Treatment of the child with the
antiviral drug ribavirin
should be initiated immediately to
minimize the chance of
development of acute encephalitis.

7. Parainfluenza viruses are

ubiquitous and cause respiratory
illnesses
in people of all ages. However,
reinfections with parainfluenza
viruses are common because
(A) Many antigenic types of
parainfluenza viruses exist, and
exposure to new strains results in
new infections.
(B) Infections in the respiratory tract
do not elicit a systemic
immune response.
(C) Limited virus replication occurs,
which fails to stimulate
antibody production.
(D) Secretory immunoglobulin A
antibody in the nose is short
lived, disappearing a few months
after infection.

8. A 20-month-old boy had an illness

characterized by fever,
irritability, conjunctivitis, and a brick-
red rash initially on the face
but spreading downward and
outward. At age 9 years, the boy had
a gradual onset of severe,
generalized neurologic
deterioration.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
(SSPE) was diagnosed. Which
of the following statements about
SSPE is correct?
(A) Defective varicella-zoster virus is
present in brain cells.
(B) High titers of measles antibody
are found in cerebrospinal
fluid.
(C) The incidence of the disease is
rising since the introduction
of MMR vaccine.
(D) Rapidly progressive deterioration
of brain function occurs.
(E) The disease is a rare, late
complication of rubella infection.

9. Which of the following

paramyxoviruses has an HN surface
glycoprotein lacking hemagglutinin
activity?
(A) Measles virus
(B) Mumps virus
(C) Parainfluenza virus type 1
(D) Respiratory syncytial virus
(E) Rubella virus

10. A 3-year-old girl develops an

acute respiratory virus infection that
requires hospitalization. Ribavirin
therapy is considered. Ribavirin
is approved for treatment of which of
the following situations?
(A) Lower respiratory tract disease
caused by respiratory syncytial
virus in infants
(B) Congenital rubella syndrome
(C) Aseptic meningitis caused by
mumps infection
(D) Pneumonia caused by measles
virus in adults
(E) Encephalitis related to Nipah
virus
(F) All of the above

11. Reverse transcription polymerase

chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays
are useful in diagnosis of
paramyxovirus infections. Which of
the
following statements about RT-PCR
is not accurate?
(A) More sensitive assay than virus
isolation
(B) Can identify virus strains
(C) More rapid assay than antigen
detection
(D) Can provide data about genetic
variation for molecular
epidemiology studies
(E) More specific assay for
parainfluenza viruses than serology

12. Each of the following statements

concerning measles vaccine is
correct except
(A) The vaccine contains live,
attenuated virus.
(B) The vaccine should not be given
at the same time as the
mumps vaccine because the immune
system cannot
respond to two viral antigens given
simultaneously.
(C) Virus in the vaccine contains only
one serotype.
(D) The vaccine should not be given
before 15 months of age
because maternal antibodies can
prevent an immune response.

13. Each of the following statements

concerning rubella is correct
except
(A) Congenital abnormalities occur
primarily when a pregnant
woman is infected during the first
trimester.
(B) Women who say that they have
never had rubella can, nevertheless,
have neutralizing antibody in their
serum.
(C) In a 6-year-old child, rubella is a
mild, self-limited disease
with few complications.
(D) Acyclovir is effective in the
treatment of congenital rubella
syndrome.

14. Each of the following statements

concerning rubella vaccine is
correct except
(A) The vaccine prevents reinfection,
thereby limiting the
spread of virulent virus.
(B) The immunogen in the vaccine is
killed rubella virus.
(C) The vaccine induces antibodies
that prevent dissemination
of the virus by neutralizing it during
the viremic stage.
(D) The incidence of both childhood
rubella and congenital
rubella syndrome has decreased
significantly since the
advent of the vaccine.

15. Each of the following statements

concerning mumps is correct
except
(A) Mumps virus is a paramyxovirus
and hence has a singlestranded
RNA genome.
(B) Meningitis is a recognized
complication of mumps.
(C) Mumps orchitis in children before
puberty often causes
sterility.
(D) During mumps, the virus spreads
through the bloodstream
(viremia) to various internal organs.

16. Each of the following statements

concerning subacute sclerosing
panencephalitis is correct except
(A) Immunosuppression is a frequent
predisposing factor.
(B) Aggregates of helical
nucleocapsids are found in infected
cells.
(C) High titers of measles antibody
are found in cerebrospinal
fluid.
(D) Slowly progressive deterioration
of brain function occurs.

17. Which one of the following is the

best evidence on which to base
a decisive diagnosis of acute mumps
disease?
(A) A positive skin test result
(B) A fourfold rise in antibody titer to
mumps antigen
(C) A history of exposure to a child
with mumps
(D) Orchitis in young adult man

18. Which one of the following

statements concerning mumps is
correct?
(A) Although the salivary glands are
the most obvious sites of
infection, the testes, ovaries, and
pancreas can be involved
as well.
(B) Because there is no vaccine
against mumps, passive immunization
is the only means of preventing the
disease.
(C) The diagnosis of mumps is made
on clinical grounds
because the virus cannot be grown
in cell culture and serologic
tests are inaccurate.
(D) Second episodes of mumps can
occur because there are
two serotypes of the virus, and
protection is type specific.

19. Which of the following statements

is more likely to be true of
measles (rubeola) than German
measles (rubella)?
(A) Koplik spots are present.
(B) It causes birth defects.
(C) It causes only a mild illness.
(D) Human beings are the only
natural host.
(E) Attenuated virus vaccine is
available for prevention.

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