NAME: JACOB BUKOLA OLUWATOFUNMI

MATRICK NUMBER: 220603009

FACULTY: ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT: BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

LEVEL: 200 LEVEL

COURSE TITLE: PRINCIPLE AND PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT 2

COURSE CODE: BUS 202

LECTURER IN CHARGE
DR. OWOEYE

GROUP 2 PRESENTATION

TOPIC

MOTIVATION, IMPORTANT, INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

What is motivation?

Motivation is the process that initiates, guides, and sustains goal-oriented behaviors. It is the internal or
external drive that stimulates and directs an individual to pursue certain actions and persist in those
actions to achieve specific goals. Motivation encompasses the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive
forces that activate behavior. It can be influenced by various factors, including individual desires, needs,
aspirations, and the rewards or punishments associated with achieving or not achieving a goal.

Importance of Motivation

Motivation plays a crucial role in many aspects of life, from personal growth to achieving professional
goals. Here are some key reasons why motivation is important:

1. Enhances Performance: - Motivation increases the level of effort and energy that individuals put into
their tasks, leading to better performance and higher productivity.

2. Increases Persistence:- Motivated individuals are more likely to persevere through challenges and
setbacks, maintaining their efforts until they achieve their goals.
3. Improves Well-being: Engaging in activities that one is motivated to do can lead to greater
satisfaction, happiness, and a sense of fulfillment.

4. Promotes Learning and Growth: Motivation drives individuals to acquire new skills, knowledge, and
experiences, fostering personal and professional development.

5. Boosts Creativity: A motivated mind is often more creative and open to new ideas, leading to
innovative solutions and improvements.

6.Shapes Behavior: Motivation influences the choices people make and the actions they take, impacting
their overall behavior and life outcomes.

7. Achieves Goals: - Motivation provides the drive to set and accomplish goals, whether they are short-
term tasks or long-term aspirations.

8. Enhances Organizational Success: - In a work environment, motivated employees contribute to

higher productivity, better teamwork, and overall organizational success.

9. Encourages Positive Attitudes:- Motivation helps in maintaining a positive attitude towards tasks,
making them more enjoyable and less stressful.

10. Facilitates Adaptation:- Motivated individuals are more likely to embrace change and adapt to new
situations, which is crucial in dynamic environments.

Intrinsic motivation

Intrinsic motivation refers to the drive to engage in an activity because it is inherently interesting,
enjoyable, or satisfying, rather than for some separable external reward. When someone is intrinsically
motivated, they do something because they find it rewarding on a personal level, without needing
external incentives like money, praise, or recognition.

Key Characteristics of Intrinsic Motivation

1. Interest and Enjoyment : - The activity itself is engaging and enjoyable.

2. Personal Satisfaction: - The individual derives a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction from the activity.

3. Curiosity and Exploration:- The desire to learn and explore for its own sake.

4. Challenge and Mastery:- The pursuit of improving skills and overcoming challenges for personal
growth.

5. Autonomy- The activity is self-chosen and self-directed, enhancing the feeling of control and
independence.
 Examples of Intrinsic Motivation

1.Learning a New Skill: Studying a foreign language because you enjoy learning about different cultures
and the challenge of mastering a new form of communication.

2.Hobbies: Engaging in activities like painting, playing an instrument, or gardening because you find
them relaxing and fulfilling.

3.Physical Activities:Exercising or playing a sport because you enjoy the physical challenge and the way
it makes you feel.

4.Problem-Solving: Solving puzzles or playing strategic games because you find them mentally
stimulating and satisfying

.Advantages of Intrinsic Motivation:

1. Sustainability: Intrinsic motivation is more sustainable and long-lasting, as it comes from within.

2. Creativity: Intrinsic motivation fosters creativity, as individuals are more likely to explore new ideas
and approaches.

3. Enjoyment: Intrinsic motivation leads to a greater sense of enjoyment and satisfaction in work or
activities.

4. Resilience: Intrinsic motivation helps individuals bounce back from setbacks and failures.

5. Autonomy: Intrinsic motivation promotes autonomy, as individuals take ownership of their goals and
decisions.

6. Personal Growth: Intrinsic motivation drives personal growth, as individuals strive to improve and
develop new skills.

Disadvantages of Intrinsic Motivation

1. Limited Scope: Intrinsic motivation may not be applicable to all tasks or situations, especially those
that are mundane or uninteresting.

2. Variable Intensity: Intrinsic motivation can vary in intensity, leading to fluctuations in effort and
performance.

3. Difficulty in Measurement: Intrinsic motivation can be challenging to measure and evaluate.

4. Potential for Burnout: Intrinsic motivation can lead to burnout if individuals become too invested in
their work or activities.
5. Lack of External Accountability: Intrinsic motivation may not provide the same level of external
accountability as extrinsic motivation.

6. May Not Be Enough: Intrinsic motivation alone may not be enough to drive performance, especially in
challenging or complex tasks.

It's important to note that intrinsic motivation is not a replacement for extrinsic motivation, but
rather a complement to it. A balanced approach that incorporates both intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation can lead to optimal performance and well-being.

What is extrinsic motivation

Extrinsic motivation refers to the drive to perform an activity or behavior to earn external rewards or
avoid punishments. Unlike intrinsic motivation, where the activity itself is the reward, extrinsic
motivation relies on external factors to influence behavior.

Key Characteristics of Extrinsic Motivation

1.External Rewards: Motivation is driven by tangible rewards such as money, grades, or prizes.

2. Avoidance of Punishment:- Motivation can also come from the desire to avoid negative
consequences or penalties.

3. Recognition and Approval: -Seeking praise, recognition, or approval from others can be a strong
motivator.

4. Obligations and Deadlines: - Completing tasks to meet deadlines or fulfill obligations imposed by
others.

Intrinsic motivation, driven by internal rewards and personal satisfaction, has several advantages and
disadvantages:

Examples of Extrinsic Motivation

1. Work: Working overtime to receive a bonus or a promotion.

2. Education: Studying hard to achieve good grades or to meet the requirements for a scholarship.
 3.Sports: Competing in sports to win trophies, medals, or titles.

4.Chores: Completing household chores to receive an allowance or avoid being reprimanded.

5.Compliance: Following rules or guidelines to avoid fines or penalties.

1. Immediate Compliance: Extrinsic motivation can prompt immediate action and compliance.

2. High Performance: Extrinsic rewards can drive high performance and achievement.

3. Accountability: Extrinsic motivation provides external accountability, ensuring tasks are completed.

4. Clear Goals: Extrinsic motivation often involves clear goals and expectations.

5. Tangible Rewards: Extrinsic rewards are tangible and measurable, providing a sense of
accomplishment.

6. Motivation for Uninteresting Tasks: Extrinsic motivation can encourage individuals to complete tasks
they find uninteresting or unpleasant.

Extrinsic motivation, driven by external rewards or avoiding negative outcomes, has its own set of
advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages of extrinsic motivation

1. Immediate Incentives: Extrinsic rewards, such as money, grades, or praise, provide immediate and
tangible incentives for completing tasks.

2. Clear Expectations: External rewards and punishments create clear guidelines and expectations for
performance, which can help structure activities and focus efforts.

3. Goal Achievement: Extrinsic motivation can be effective in driving people to achieve specific,
measurable goals, especially in structured environments like workplaces or educational settings.

4. Behavior Modification: It can be useful for encouraging behavior change, especially in situations
where intrinsic motivation is lacking or absent.

5. Performance in Non-Intrinsic Tasks: It can motivate individuals to perform tasks they might not find
inherently interesting or enjoyable but are necessary or beneficial.

Disadvantages of extrinsic motivation

1. Short-Term Focus: Extrinsic motivation often leads to short-term engagement and may not sustain
long-term commitment once the external rewards are removed.
2. Dependency on Rewards: Individuals may become reliant on external rewards, leading to decreased
intrinsic motivation and less satisfaction from the task itself.

3. Decreased Creativity: Overemphasis on extrinsic rewards can stifle creativity and innovation, as
individuals may focus on meeting specific criteria rather than exploring new ideas.

4. Potential for Unethical Behavior: High-pressure environments with significant extrinsic rewards can
encourage unethical behavior, such as cheating or cutting corners, to achieve goals.

5. Undermining Intrinsic Motivation: Extrinsic rewards can sometimes undermine intrinsic motivation,
particularly if the rewards are perceived as controlling or if they overshadow the inherent enjoyment of
the activity.

Balancing extrinsic and intrinsic motivators can create a more effective and satisfying environment for
both individuals and organizations.