Chemistry

(STATIC GK With PYQs)

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 Chemical Compounds Names & Formulas

Common Chemical
Common Name Chemical Name Uses of Compound
Formula

Table Salt/ Common Food seasoning, food

Sodium Chloride NaCl
Salt preservation

Sodium Bicarbonate or Sodi- Baking, household clean-

Baking Soda NaHCO3
um Hydrogen Carbonate ing

Bleach/ Antiformin/ Bleaching, disinfection,

Sodium Hypochlorite NaOCl
Chloride of Soda water purification

Soap making, cleaning

Caustic Soda Sodium Hydroxide NaOH
agents, water treatment

Magnesium Sulphate Hep-

Epsom Salt MgSO4.7H2O Medicinal uses, baths
tahydrate
 Common Chemical
Common Name Chemical Name Uses of Compound
Formula

Construction, agriculture,
Slaked Lime Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2
water treatment

Food industry, pharmaceu-

Glycerol Propane-1,2,3-triol C3H8O3
ticals, cosmetics

Solvent, industrial applica-

Chloroform Trichloromethane CHCl3
tions

Industrial processes, clean-

Muriatic Acid Hydrochloric Acid HCl
ing agents

Potassium Hydrogen Tar-

Cream of Tartar KKC4H5O6 Stabilizing agent in baking
trate/ Potassium Bitartrate

Cooling agent, theatrical

Dry Ice Solid Carbon Dioxide CO2
effects
 Common Chemical
Common Name Chemical Name Uses of Compound
Formula

Building material, tooth-

Limestone Calcium Carbonate CaCO3
paste ingredient

Quartz Silicon Dioxide (Silica) SiO2 Glassmaking, electronics

Milk of Magnesia Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Antacid, laxative

Medicinal uses, flavoring

Wintergreen Oil Methyl Salicylate C8H8O3
agent

Quick Lime/ Burnt Steel production, water

Calcium Oxide CaO
Lime treatment

Food seasoning, food

Common Salt Sodium Chloride NaCl
preservation

Phenol / Carbolic Ac-

Phenol C6H5OH Antiseptic, disinfectant
id
 Common Chemical
Common Name Chemical Name Uses of Compound
Formula

Fertilizers, glass produc-

Chile Saltpetre Sodium Nitrate NaNO3
tion, explosives

Sodium Tetraborate Decahy-

Borax Na2[B4O5(OH)4].8H2O Cleaning agent, cosmetics
drate/ Sodium Borate

Construction materials,
Gypsum Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate CaSO4.2H2O
plaster

Potash Alum/ Potas- Potassium Aluminum Sul-

KAl(SO4)2.12H2O Water purification, dyeing
sium Alum phate Dodecahydrate

Industrial processes, ferti-

Oil of Vitriol Sulphuric Acid H2SO4
lizer production

Calcium Sulphate Hemihy- Construction, medical

Plaster of Paris CaSO4.1/2H2O
drate casts
 Common Chemical
Common Name Chemical Name Uses of Compound
Formula

Food preservation, fire-

Saltpetre Potassium Nitrate KNO3
works

Sodium Carbonate Decahy- Cleaning agents, water

Washing Soda Na2CO3.10H2O
drate softening

Textile production, medic-

White Vitriol Zinc Sulphate ZnSO4.7H2O
inal uses

Galena Lead (II) Sulphide PbS Ore of lead, industrial uses

Analytical chemistry, re-

Mohr’s Salt Ammonium Iron (II) Sulphate (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2.6H2O
ducing agent

Dinitrogen Monoxide/ Ni- Anesthetic, recreational

Laughing Gas N2O
trous Oxide use

Thermometers, barome-
Quicksilver Mercury Hg
ters
 Common Chemical
Common Name Chemical Name Uses of Compound
Formula

Food additives, industrial

Rochelle Salt Potassium Sodium Tartrate KNaC4H4O6.4H2O
uses

Heavy Water Deuterium Oxide D2O Nuclear reactors, research

Sodium Thiosulphate Pen-

Hypo Solution Na2S2O3.5H2O Photography, medical uses
tahydrate

Ferrous Sulphate Heptahy- Lawn treatment, industrial

Green Vitriol FeSO4.7H2O
drate uses

Carborundum Silicon Carbide SiC Abrasive, industrial uses

Marsh Gas Methane CH4 Fuel, industrial gases

Chemical warfare, industri-

Phosgene Carbonyl Dichloride COCl2
al uses
 Common Chemical
Common Name Chemical Name Uses of Compound
Formula

Calomel Mercurous Chloride Hg2Cl2 Fungicide, medical uses

Cooling agent, special ef-

Dry Ice Solid Carbon Dioxide CO2
fects

Calcium Magnesium Car- Construction, industrial

Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2
bonate uses

TNT Trinitrotoluene C6H2(NO2)3CH3 Explosives, military uses

Pigments, traditional med-

Vermillion/ Cinnabar Mercuric Sulphide HgS
icine

Medicinal uses, flavoring

Wintergreen Oil Methyl Salicylate C8H8O3
agent
PYQ

Q. What is the dominant chemical present in detergent powder?

(a) Hydrochloric acid
(b)Sodium carbonate
(c)Calcium carbonate
(d)Sodium alkyl sulphate

Ans b
(b)Sodium carbonate

Q. Which of the following chemical compounds is used as a preservative in pickle ?

(a) Calcium Metabisulphite
(b)Sodium Nitrate
(c)Sodium Benzoate
(d)Calcium Benzoate

Ans c
(c)Sodium Benzoate

Q. Which is the more common name for solid carbon dioxide?

(a) dry Ice
(b) quick silver
(c) potash
(d) Epsom

Ans a
(a) dry Ice

Q. Methane is colourless, odourless non-toxic but flammable gas. What is its common name?
(a)Blue Vitriol
(b) Laughing Gas
(c) Heating Gas
(d) Marsh Gas
Ans d
(d) Marsh Gas

Q. Which of the following gas is referred to as ‘laughing gas’?

(a)Sulfur dioxide
(b)Carbon monoxide
(c)Carbon dioxide
(d)Nitrous oxide

Ans d
(d)Nitrous oxide

Q. Which of the following is the chemical formula for Nitre (saltpeter)?

(a) KCl.MgCl 2
(b) KNO 3
(c) KCl
(d) KAl 2 O 3

Ans b
(b) KNO 3

Q. Which of the following is also known as Epsom salt?

(a) Sodium Sulphate
(b) Magnesium Sulphate
(c) Ferrous Sulphat
(d) Calcium Sulphate

Ans b
(b) Magnesium Sulphate

Q. Which of the following is used to remove the green colour from glass?
a) Silicon dioxide
 b) Titanium dioxide
c) Mangenese dioxide
d) Sulphur dioxide

Ans c
Mangense dioxide

Q Which of the following is also known as Carbolic Acid?

a) Phenol
b) Hydroxide
c) Sulphuric Acid
d) Ethanol.

Ans a
(a) Phenol

Q. In alchemy, aqua fortis is the classical name of the which chemical compound that is used chiefly
in the manufacture of explosive and fertilizers, and in organic synthesis?
A. Hydrobromic acid
B. Nitric acid
C. Chloric acid
D. Formic acid

Ans b
Nitric acid

Q. Oxolane is a synonym of which compound having the molecular formula (CH 2)3CH2O.?
A. Thiophene
B. Tetrahedrane
C. Tetrahydrofuran
D. Tropolone

Ans C
Tetrahydrofuran.