Review sheet

Past simple: states and actions that happend in the past (a completed action)
Uses:
1) When the action happened
2) The action can be short, long or repeated
3) Talk about states in the past ( loved, wanted, doubted etc)
Form:
I/you/he/she/It/We/They + verb + -ed (depends if regular or irregular verb)
Negative: subject + did not (didn’t) + base form
Question: Did + subject + base form
Regular verbs – base form + -ed
Irregular verbs – see list; ending in -t, -en, -d …

Past continuous: actions in progress at a time in the past

Uses:
1) Inlcudes specific time or another past action
2) Describes the situation or background of a story

Form:
I/He/She/It + was + verb + -ing
You/We/They + were + verb + -ing
Negative: I/He/She/It + was not (wasn’t) + verb + -ing, You/We/They + were not
(weren’t) + verb + -ing
Question: Was + I/he/she/it + verb + -ing
Were + You/We/They + verb + -ing

Past Perfect: links one time in the past to another time further in the past (the past of the
past)

Uses:
1) You can use time words like: recently, already, since, first/second/third
2) By / by the time
3) When / after / before / as soon as

Form:
I/You/He/She/It/We/They + had + verb
Negative: I/You/He/She/It/We/They + had + not + verb
Question: Had + I/You/He/She/It/We/They + verb
Present Simple: refer to events, actions, and conditions that are happening all the time,
or exist now
Review sheet

Uses:
1) Repeated actions or habits
2) Something we see as permanent
3) Describing a state that doesn’t change

Form:
I/You/We/They + verb (base form)
He/She/It + verb (base form) + -s
Negative: I/You/We/They + do not (don’t) + verb
He/She/It + does not (doesn’t) + verb
Question: Do + I/You/We/They
Does + He/She/It

Present continuous: actions or events that are happening or developing now

Uses:
1) Things in progress now, at the moment of speaking
2) Actions that are happening ‘around now’
3) Situations we see as temporary
4) Describing a situation which is gradually changing

Form:
I + am + verb + -ing
You/We/They + are + verb + -ing
He/She/It + is + verb + -ing
Negative: Am not, are not, is not
Question: Am + I + verb + -ing
Are + you/we/they + verb + -ing
Is + he/she/it + verb + -ing

Present perfect: the relationship between the past and the present, the past action or
situation is connected to the present in various ways

Uses:
1) The state or action continues from the past to the present
2) The results of the past action are relevant in the present
3) The action takes place in a present time period
4) When we mean ‘in my whole life’, we do not give a specific time

Form:
I/You/We/They + have + past participle
He/She/It + has + past participle
Negative: I/You/We/They + have not (haven’t)
He/She/It + has not (hasn’t)

Present perfect continuous: to talk about ongoing events or activities which started at a
time in the past and are still continuing up until now
Review sheet

Uses:
1) We want to emphasize that the action is long or repeated
2) The action is in progress/ not complete
3) We are more interested in the activity that the result

Form:
I/You/We/They + have + been + verb + -ing
He/She/It + has + been + verb + -ing
Negative: has not (hasn’t) have not (haven’t)
Question: Have + I/You/We/They + been + verb + -ing
Has + He/She/It + been + verb + -ing