Prevent runway excursion

during landing roll in crosswind

conditions

Marion CHOUDET
Flight Safety Director
Accident/Incident Investigator
 Several events, one signature FOIM
FOIM 2016/06
Safety Note Crosswind landing
Be prepared for
crosswind landing
7

0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
18 reported runway excursions at landing over the last 5 years, in
crosswind conditions
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WORLDWIDE FLIGHT SAFETY CONFERENCE PAGE 3 — 27/06/2018
BANGKOK - 2018
© ATR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY DOCUMENT.
 Several events, one signature

Common characteristics from in-service lateral runway

excursion events:
• Crosswind component between 10 and 20 kts
• A/C aligned or aligning with QFU on touch down
• Release of the rudder input down wind and the A/C nose turns into the
wind due to weather cock effect
• Rudder correction down wind (full deflection) to re-align nose with
QFU (HDG overshoots QFU)
• Rudder correction upwind (mostly full deflection)  a/c excursion in
upwind direction

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 Several events, one signature

RUDDER
DEFLECTION

MAGNETIC
HEADING
QFU

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Flight control inputs during the landing roll

Safety Note FOIM

Be prepared for FOIM 2016/06
crosswind landing Crosswind landing

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Flight control inputs during the landing roll

“ During the landing roll, the pilot flying holds the control column in nose
down position to increase directional efficiency, maintaining aileron input
into the wind.”

“ …the pilot flying must gradually increase the aileron input into the wind
(up to maximum deflection if necessary).”

“ Rudder pedals shall be initially used to keep the airplane on runway

axis and any heading deviation must be corrected smoothly.... Over-
corrections may lead to pilot induced oscillations.”

and… “ use brake to minimize landing roll ”

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Rudder input

• How to prevent over correction?

Crosswind landing events analysis : Various simulations performed

 correction in upwind direction requires less effort than in
downwind direction. An equal effort will have a stronger effect
upwind.
 Just releasing the downwind input without applying a force in
upwind direction will lead to a rudder deflection in upwind side –
allowing heading corrections only through downwind pedal
movements

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WORLDWIDE FLIGHT SAFETY CONFERENCE PAGE 9 — 27/06/2018
BANGKOK - 2018
© ATR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY DOCUMENT.
Key messages

• Review and brief crosswind landing technique for the decrab, flare and
landing roll, prior to the approach (TEM);
• After touchdown, hold the control column nose down to increase
directional efficiency;
• Maintain aileron input into the wind. Gradually increase it as airspeed
decreases;
• Correct heading deviation smoothly, using the rudder above 70 kt and
progressively the tiller below 70 kt;
• Rudder correction upwind shall be very smooth and progressive. Most
of the time, gently reducing/adjusting the rudder input downwind is
enough to correct heading deviation downwind;
• Use brake to minimize landing roll.
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