IMPACT OF DIGITAL LITERACY AND SAFETECH HABITS ON THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF GRADE SIX LEARNERS IN ST. VINCENT

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to

Faculty of College of Education
St. Vincent College of Cabuyao

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Elementary Education

Escora, Charlotte Vincent Iurie Y.

Perez, Florife Joyce
Macaya, Russel
.

March 2020
 Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The Department of Education introduced the “Digital Rise Program” at the celebration
of World Book and Copyright Day in 2022. It's a new policy that DepEd is implementing, as
well as a program, to support the Sulong Edukalidad, which is DepEd's initiative in response
to the quickly changing environment for both present and future learners. This program’s
goal is to improve the experience of both educators and learners when teaching and
learning with the use of technology.

In the 21st century, digital skills are essential for success in all fields. The DepEd’s
Digital Rise Program equips learners with the knowledge and skills they need to thrive in the
digital economy. This program ensures that all learners regardless of their background or
location should have access to quality digital education. A program that is especially
important in our country, Philippines, where there is a large digital gap between urban and
rural areas. Other than that, this program also improves the teaching learning process of
both educators and learners because learning experiences that are more interactive and
engaging can be produced with the help of technologies. It can also help teachers to
personalize instruction and provide learners with feedback.

The other asset of this program is, it makes education more accessible and inclusive.
With the use of the technology, it could help educators reach learners with disabilities and
learners who live in remote areas. It can also be used to create self-paced learning modules
that allow learners to learn at their own pace.

On the contrary, the digital rise program is still in its early stages of implementation, it
has the potential to revolutionize education in the Philippines by providing learners and
teachers with access to digital technology. And training the program can help to improve the
quality of education. It could also create a bridge to the large digital gap of educators and
learners in different locations. Lastly, it prepares the learners for their future careers. In
summary, the digital rise program is a long-term investment in the Philippines' educational
future. It is a program that is worthwhile supporting as it has the potential to significantly
improve the lives of millions of Filipino students.

Children, especially young learners nowadays are excessively exposed to technology

which concerns both educators and parents because in today's digital age the integration of
technology has become an integral part of the learning process. Students can quickly obtain
knowledge from a variety of online sources when it is more easily accessible. Because of
this improved information availability, pupils are able to gain a deeper understanding of the
material being studied. It is unlikely that students' tastes and learning methods will be
influenced by their level of technology and digital literacy. The ability to assess the quality
and accuracy of information in the digital realm critically is becoming more and more
important. More dynamic and cooperative interactions between students and instructors as
well as between students themselves are made possible by digital literacy. The way
students engage in the learning process and get information has changed as a result of the
emergence of digital literacy. This includes using technology, having access to a larger
range of resources, and using online learning environments (Study et al., 2022).

According to study, excessive use of technology is becoming a global issue that has
been connected to negative impact on health and daily activities, especially for kids and
teenagers (Buabbas, A., Al-Mass, Al-Tawari & Buabbas, M., 2020). Many students lack
proper guidance in their technology routines and habits, hindering their academic progress.
Some students struggle with managing their time effectively due to inordinate use of
technology. The allurement of endless scrolling through news feeds and constantly checking
notifications can easily overshadow the importance of completing assignments and studying
for exams. Additionally the constant presence of smartphones and laptops can serve as
constant temptations, making it difficult for students to resist the urge to engage in mindless
activities rather than prioritizing their academic obligations. Furthermore, the lack of
supervision in technology use can lead to students developing unhealthy habits such as
Internet addiction, which further impacts their academic progress.

Moreover, insufficient knowledge about online resources and digital tools may
prevent students from utilizing technology to its fullest potential for educational purposes.
While technology offers a plethora of resources and tools that can enhance learning, many
students are unaware of how to efficiently utilize them. The lack of education and training in
utilizing digital tools may hinder students from maximizing their learning experiences and
accessing valuable educational content available online. In conclusion, the excessive use of
technology without proper surveillance, observation, and guidance prevents many students
from managing their time effectively and leads to distractions, unhealthy habits, and missed
educational opportunities.

On the other hand, unsupervised technology routines can have a profound impact on
academic performance. Proper observation allows educators to address and mitigate these
consequences by providing guidance on effective time management techniques
encouraging break intervals and promoting focused engagement with technology for
educational purposes. By helping students develop healthy tech habits, educators contribute
to their overall productivity and academic performance.

Collecting data of learners' technology routines lies in ensuring their safety in the
digital world. With the advent of various online chopines and communication channels,
students are more vulnerable than ever to cyberbullying, scams, and exposure to
inappropriate content. Supervision enables educators to educate students about online
safety, privacy settings, and responsible digital citizenship. By remaining vigilant and
proactive, educators can create a safe and secure learning environment that protects the
well-being of students.

In conclusion, collecting data of observation and continuous supervision of learners'

technology routines plays a vital role in fostering academic change of state. By considering
the ideal reality, consequences, and rationale of digital literacy and safe tech habits,
educators can guide students towards responsible and productive technology usage. As
digital integration continues to shape the educational landscape, the significance of this
study becomes even more pronounced, as it paves the way for improved academic
outcomes and equips students with essential skills for the future.

Background of the Study

In 2022, the Department of Education introduced the "Digital Rise Programme" in
celebration of World Book and Copyright Day. The Sulong Edukalidad is a DepEd project in
response to the rapidly changing environment for both current and future learners. To
support this initiative, the Department of Education is introducing new policies and
programs. These programmes aim to enhance the experience of educators and students
while using technology for teaching and learning.

As stated by John Terra (2013), "Technology is all around us and permeates every
aspect of our modern existence". The world changed in ways because of the digital
revolution and digital technology has become an important equipment to the younger
generation. It has lowered barriers, transformed industries, and opened the door to new
forms of communication. Humanity has entered a new era brought about by digital
technology, one in which people can live shorter, more comfortable lives than in the past
while spending less time outside the home. While the Internet has become a crucial tool
with school research projects, homework assignments, and social media communication
becoming essential components of academics. It also has its own set of drawbacks.

This research aims to find out how digital literacy and safetech habits impact
elementary grader’s academic performances. In an era where knowledge can be accessed
with just a click, it is essential for students to acquire critical thinking and ability to
comprehend in order to assess the reliability and importance of online sources. Digital
Literacy is the ability to find, evaluate, create, and transfer information using information
communication technology (ICT), and it requires both technical and cognitive skills. A
significant portion of the student body renders in consumption of digital technology, is now
essential for creativity, economic growth, academic achievement, and civic engagement.
 In this day and age, being digitally literate is necessary for success in school,
economic development, and civic involvement. By mastering digital tools, students are
exposed to a wide range of information and are bucked up to think critically about the
information they encounter. To ensure the safety of personal information and maintain online
security, It is fundamental that students develop safe digital habits. Using strong and distinct
passwords for every online account is one of the best ways to stop unwanted access.
Students can greatly reduce the likelihood of their accounts being compromised by using
strong and complex passwords, such as ones that combine letters, numbers, and special
characters.

In order to guarantee that devices have the most recent security patches, it is also
essential to update software and apps on a regular basis. These upgrades provide improved
activity against possible threats by addressing vulnerabilities that may have been found.
Moreover it is advisable for students to exercise caution when disclosing personal
information to strangers or on open forums. Students can preserve online security, protect
their personal information, and confidently navigate the digital world by implementing these
safe IT practices. By researching the impact of safe tech habits, teachers can create plans
that enable students to take responsibility for their actions, be secure online, and maintain a
positive online presence. This empowers learners to make informed judgments and
enhances their ability to conduct thorough research.

Research has shown that students with high levels of digital literacy are more likely to
be engaged and motivated in their academic studies. Digital literacy abilities, like information
seeking, critical thinking, and digital communication, are crucial for academic success in the
current digital world. Understanding the impact of digital literacy on academic achievement
enables educators to customize their pedagogical approaches to enhance student
engagement. Through the incorporation of technology into their teaching, educators can
establish a dynamic and interactive learning environment that encourages critical thinking
and active involvement. For students to succeed in the real world and be ready for the
demands of the digital age, it is imperative that the development of digital literacy skills be
given top priority in the educational setting.
 The collection of data of the learner's technology routines will promote accountability
and responsible digital citizenship, as students become more aware of their digital actions
and their potential impact. Through conducting surveys of each and every learner, educators
can identify the students' individual strengths and weaknesses in utilizing technology,
allowing for tailored instruction and support in developing these important skills. By closely
monitoring students' technology routines, educators can proactively address any challenges
or concerns that may arise and guide students towards making responsible choices in their
digital interactions. This ensures that students are exposed to relevant and up-to-date
technological tools and resources that can enhance their learning experience. Ultimately,
this research fosters a supportive and safe learning environment where students can thrive
and develop the necessary skills to navigate the digital world responsibly.

To summarize, the data that will be collected in this research will serve as a careful
monitoring and management of learners' technology routines enabling the cultivation of
academic growth while simultaneously fostering important digital literacy skills and safe tech
habits. Through this study, students can effectively navigate themselves and be aware of
the digital landscape that has become an integral part of our modern society. By gaining
essential digital literacy skills students will not only be prepared to succeed academically but
also in their future careers. Additionally, the development of safe tech habits ensures that
students are equipped to use technology responsibly and ethically, minimizing risks
associated with online activities. Moreover, by understanding how to use technology
effectively, students can fully leverage its benefits for learning, innovation, and collaboration.

Theoretical Framework
This quantitative research design, particularly descriptive, will be influenced and
supported by theorists, philosophers. educators and researchers like Ryan and Deci,
Kendra Cherry (2022), Shelly Sanchez Terrell, and Matt Bower (2019).

Deci and Ryan initially presented the concept of self-determination in their book
Self-Determination and Intrinsic Motivation in Human Behaviour. According to
self-determination theory, psychological development is not automatic; rather, it needs
ongoing support. The paragraph highlights the fact that a person's upbringing in a social
environment has a substantial impact on their inclination towards proactive or passive
behavior. The significance of social support is emphasized, suggesting that, as Ryan and
Deci argue, connections and interactions with others are critical in promoting or impeding
well-being and personal development.

Self-determination theory places a strong emphasis on psychological development,

and in the current environment, one may contend that digital literacy aids in this
development. Digital literacy involves the ability to navigate and critically engage with digital
tools and information, potentially fostering a sense of competence and autonomy. It also
discusses how societal circumstances affect people's propensity for passivity or initiative.
The online environment may be referred to as the social conditions in the context of the
study on safe tech practices and digital literacy. Technology use that is safer and more
conscientious may be influenced by constructive social interactions and mentoring in the
digital domain. Also, the importance of social support for wellbeing and personal
development is emphasized in the theory. According to the study, social support may play a
role in how peers, teachers, and the larger academic community help students develop safe
tech practices and digital literacy, which in turn affects their academic achievement.

Behavior is fueled by the innate human urge for development. It underscores that
people are inherently driven to progress, and that assimilating new experiences and
pursuing mastery over obstacles are essential to the formation of a coherent sense of self.
All in all, the paragraph emphasized people's inherent drive for intellectual and personal
growth, stressing the significance of rising to the occasion and accepting novel experiences
in molding a person's identity and sense of self (Cherry, K. 2022).

In accordance with Shelly Sanchez Terrell's book, "Hacking Digital Learning

Strategies," She emphasizes and contested the idea that integrating technology into the
classroom doesn't necessarily translate into higher student accomplishment. Terrell
highlights the idea of "EdTech Missions" lessons and projects that use digital technologies
and social media to encourage students to innovate, communicate, solve problems, and
publish and stresses that technology is more about strategy than tools. It encourages
teachers to read the book and use EdTech Missions to integrate technology into their
lessons. It is believed that Shelly Sanchez Terrell's book, "Hacking Digital Learning
Strategies," offers advice and methods for successfully incorporating technology into the
classroom. This is consistent with research on the effects of safe technology practices and
digital literacy, which highlights the value of using digital technologies in classes.

It is expected that Terrell's book concentrates on using technology to empower

educators and students alike. The investigation of digital literacy and safe tech practices
may also look into how teachers may enable pupils to use technology sensibly and
productively to improve their academic achievement. This study and Terell's book both
acknowledge the importance of technology in the learning process, which is in line with how
current education is becoming. They could include how to take use of the opportunities and
difficulties posed by digital tools to improve academic performance.

Matt Bower's 2019 theory of technology-mediated learning addressed critiques within

the field of learning technology research. The criticisms of the discipline that it is
under-theorized, disjointed, and frequently dependent on conventional theories of learning
are acknowledged by the author. In response, this study offers a comprehensive theoretical
framework with well-defined presumptions that is especially intended for the analysis of
scenarios in which technology mediates learning. Its goal is to stimulate critical approaches
to the use of educational technology and research by researchers and educators by
encouraging them to take a more thorough and integrated perspective. By offering a
theoretical referent that integrates many aspects of technology-mediated learning into an
integrated conceptualization, the paper seeks to advance the discipline by encouraging a
more careful and critical analysis of presumptions.

It is a theory that emphasizes the importance of understanding technology's

sociopolitical context and individual beliefs. It emphasizes the need for a critical approach to
educational research, recognizing the heterogeneity of learners and the potential varied
impacts of technology. Bower emphasizes the role of selection, design, and construction in
technology-enhanced learning design. The theory acknowledges the value of other
conceptualizations and ongoing debates in the field, and challenges the assumption that
technology enhances learning. The paper aims to help researchers and educators better
conceptualize and analyze technology-mediated learning from a holistic and integrated
perspective.

In contrast, Bower's approach emphasizes the importance of selection, design, and

building in technology-enhanced learning design, challenging the notion that technology
improves learning on its own.In the study, this perspective might influence how researchers
approach the role of digital literacy and safetech habits in enhancing academic
performance, avoiding assumptions and encouraging nuanced analysis. The study and the
theory both stress how crucial it is to approach educational research critically. Bower's
theory encourages researchers and educators to take a more thorough and integrated
perspective, challenging assumptions within the discipline. The study, in turn, aims to
explore the impact of digital literacy and safetech habits critically, acknowledging potential
varied impacts on learners. Bower's theory provides a theoretical foundation that aligns with
the aims of the study, guiding researchers to approach the impact of digital literacy and
safetech habits on academic performance in a thoughtful and comprehensive manner.

Conceptual Framework
 Figure 1. The Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

The conceptual framework describes a thorough examination of how safetech

habits and digital literacy affect sixth-grade students' academic performance at St.
Vincent. A variety of digital literacy abilities are encompassed in the inputs, including
familiarity with Photoshop, video editing, and using a variety of programmes and
websites. The framework also takes into account the duration of technology use, which
guarantees a sophisticated comprehension of the temporal aspect of digital
engagement. In order to obtain useful insights, a survey questionnaire is administered,
as well as statistical treatment, and data gathering tools. The final output of this
research will be a thorough analysis of how specific digital literacy skills and safetech
habits influence exam scores in English, Math, and Science, which in turn affects the
learners' overall grade or general weight average in Grade Six. This paradigm makes it
easier to explore in detail the complex relationship that exists between digital literacy,
safetech habits, and academic performances.

Statement of the Problem

This research aims to determine the Impact of Digital Literacy and Safetech
Habits on the Academic Performance of Grade Six Learners in St. Vincent.

Specifically, this research seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the learners as respondents in terms of:
1.1. Age
1.2. Sex

2. What is the level of digital literacy and safetech habits of grade 6 pupils in terms
of:
Digital literacy
2.1. Photoshop Skills
2.2. Video Editing
2.3. Using Canva
2.4. Using Microsoft Word
2.5. Using Google
2.6. Other app/website used, (please specify)
Safetech Habits:
2.7. Time (duration time of technology used)

3. What is the level of grade 6 pupils’ academic performance in terms of:

3.1. Exam Scores (English, Math and Science)
3.2. Grade (general average)
4. Is there a significant impact between the digital literacy, safetech habits and the
academic performance of grade six learners in St. Vincent?
 5. What research output can be proposed on the results of the study?

Hypothesis
The researchers will be guided by the null hypothesis listed below:
1. There is no significant impact between the digital literacy, safe tech habits
and the academic performance of students.

Scope and Limitations

This research study focuses on the grade six learners of St. Vincent College of
Cabuyao during the school year 2023-2024. Grade six learners, also known as the last
level of key stage two, have digital literacy and safetech habits. An ability to use digital
technologies and how they use it safely. It concentrates on the results of the survey and
data gathering of the researchers on the grade six learners, identifying if digital literacy
and safetech habits have an impact on their academic performance.

It limits itself to one section of grade six which consists of 36 learners, and
randomly selects 20 respondents in total. Also, it is not conducted in other learning
areas and in other year levels.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study will be beneficial to the following persons, agencies, and
entities:

Administrators. With this study, they will be able to create a safe and supportive
digital learning environment by implementing informed rules and initiatives thanks to
data into students' digital habits and literacy levels. Administrators can create
comprehensive educational technology plans by taking into account the effects of
technology on academic performance.

Teachers. This study will provide practical guidance on fostering digital literacy
and safe tech habits among their students.The findings of the study can be used to
improve instructional strategies, enabling educators to create memorable and
productive classes that use technology to enhance learning without sacrificing student
performance. In order to modify instructional strategies for the ever-changing digital
environment, this study is essential.

Parents. The way parents shape their children's digital habits is fundamental.
The results of the study will give parents important information on how safe tech habits
and digital literacy affect academic performance. Equipped with this understanding,
parents can create domestic settings that foster constructive digital interaction and
scholastic achievement.

Learners. In addition to being informed of their level of digital literacy, safetech

habits, and academic performance, students themselves will benefit a lot from the
study's outcome. They will learn how their safetech habits and level of digital literacy
affect their academic performances. The results have the potential to enhance students'
educational experience and overall performance by enabling them to embrace
responsible and efficient technology practices.

Future Researchers. For future researchers, the study contributes to the

existing body of knowledge on the complex dynamics between digital literacy, safe tech
habits, and academic outcomes. It highlights areas that require further research as well
as potential for it, encouraging future researchers to build on the study's conclusions
and increase our understanding of how safe tech habits and digital literacy affect
elementary students' academic performance.

Definition of Terms
The following terms will be defined conceptually and operationally for the
purpose of clarity and understanding as to the manner in which they will be used in the
study.
 Academic Performance. It is the measurement of students' achievement across
various academic subjects. In this study, it refers to a student’s accomplishment or
success in their studies, which is evaluated through their grades, and exam results.

Canva. It's an online design tool that offers users the opportunity to create
professional-looking posters, slideshows, images, event flyers, resumes, cards,
certificates, infographics, and other media. In this study, it refers to a graphic design
platform that lets users create a wide range of visual content, such as presentations,
social media graphics, posters, and more that serves as a variable and help the
researchers see if being knowledgeable in canva affects the student’s academic
performances.

Digital Citizenship. It involves behaviors including responsible online behavior,

internet etiquette, privacy protection, and critical thinking. In this study, digital citizenship
refers to the student’s responsible use of technology who uses computers, the Internet,
and digital devices to engage with society on any level.

Digital Literacy. It means having the skills you need to live, learn, and work in a
society where communication and access to information is increasing through digital
technologies like internet platforms, social media, and mobile devices. In our study, it
refers to the ability to use, understand, and critically evaluate digital tools, information,
and communication technologies, essential for the students' digital environment.

General Weight Average. It’s a computation that takes into account several data
points of a student with differing weights. In this study, It refers to a calculated measure
of a student's overall academic performance, encompassing grades from various
courses, which may be influenced by digital literacy and safetech habits explored in the
study.

Google. It focuses on internet-related products and services, such as software,

hardware, cloud computing, search engines, and online advertising technology. In this
study, It refers to a student's ability to use the popular search engine to retrieve
information, and to learn if being knowledgeable in google affects students academic
performance.

Microsoft Word. It is a word processing program that allows for the creation of
both simple and complex documents. In this study, It refers to a skill which students use
for academic writing and academic purposes.

Photoshop. It’s an image creation, graphic design and photo editing software
developed by Adobe. In this study, It refers to the ability which students use for
educational purposes, for them to create a high quality graphic design.

Safetech Habits. They’re the practices that students use to protect themselves
and their devices from online threats. In this study, it refers to students' ability to take
measures to ensure their online safety, manage screen time effectively, and adopt
responsible practices in their digital interactions.

Video Editing. It is the art of manipulating and combining video files to create a
completed video project through cutting, trimming, adding effects, and adjusting audio.
In this study, It refers to students' ability to manipulate and arrange video footage, a
digital skill that contributes to the broader understanding of students' digital literacy.

Website. It is a digital platform that users can navigate, interact with, and engage
with content through web browsers. In this study, It refers to students' other collections
of web pages that they use and can access through the use of the internet.

Chapter 2
REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE
 In today's digital age, the use of technology and digital devices has become an
integral part of our lives, including the field of education. With the increasing reliance on
digital tools for learning, it is crucial to understand the impact of digital literacy and safe
tech habits on the academic performance of students. This review aims to explore
existing literature on this topic and provide insights into the relationship between digital
literacy, safe tech habits, and academic achievement.

Digital Literacy
Digital literacy is a must for workers, parents, educators, and students. Many
aspects of classroom learning have transitioned to digital, including communication and
the need for instant access to information in the modern workplace. With increased
digital literacy, students may now access and examine materials online much more
rapidly, selecting the ones that best suit their needs in order to write essays and papers.
Here are some of the review related literature related to digital literacy.

Digital Literacy among Young Learners: How Do EFL Teachers and Learners View
Its Benefits and Barriers?

This study is about investigating how young students and EFL teachers view the
advantages and disadvantages of digital literacy. In this qualitative study, eight young
learners and five EFL teachers participated. To get qualitative data, in-depth
semi-structured interviews were used. The findings show that digital literacy has both
advantages and disadvantages for young English language learners.

The advantages of digital literacy include raising the frequency of digital

technology use, boosting online collaboration between teacher-learners and
learners-learners, and helping young learners improve their writing, reading, speaking,
and listening skills. This study does note, however, that digital literacy can also have
some detrimental effects on younger students. Weak signal issues that make it difficult
to access the internet still exist.
Fact, Fiction or Photoshop: Building Awareness of Visual Manipulation through
Image Editing Software

According to Swerzenski, J. D. (2021), One of the most challenging parts of

developing visual literacy is raising awareness of manipulation, an ongoing challenge
given the prevalence of "Photoshopped" or digitally manipulated images in fake news
and in our daily use of picture editing programmes. Given the widespread use of
manipulation, how can educators raise understanding of visual literacy?

This research focuses on the importance of a technical understanding of the

picture-creation process, enabling educators to distinguish between commonplace
image alteration and visual falsification. The author advocates the advantage of using
Photoshop as a teaching tool. It gives instructors and students an inside look at the
workings of picture editing software. This method is based on critical analysis of how the
use of these tools influences the meaning of the image. With this knowledge, educators
are able to critique visual manipulation more deeply and focus on the subtle ethical
aspects of photo alteration that set memes apart from false information.

Student-Created Video: An Active Learning Approach in Online Environments

This related study is about investigating student-created videos as an active
learning approach in an online environment to inform instructional practices of
student-created video in STEM. The results of this qualitative study demonstrated that
student-produced videos were an active learning exercise that enhanced students'
perceptions of their own efficacy, increased their perceived knowledge of STEM
subjects, and demonstrated their engagement in behavioral, affective, and cognitive
domains.
Themes like perceived self-efficacy, novelty or usefulness of making a short
video, time needed for video design and creation, and content and technical expertise
emerged from the participants' perceptions. By encouraging knowledge and abilities,
requiring teachers to commit to a video development model, and demanding extra time
for content acquisition and modifications, student-created videos can improve STEM
instruction.

Changing Pedagogy for Contemporaneity with New Design Platforms

This study believes that visuals communicate information faster than text. While
language is processed in sequence, the brain processes picture elements at the same
time. Compared to text, images are easier to understand and more credible. The
popularity of social media platforms like Tik Tok and YouTube supports these trends.
Since many concepts need a visual explanation, written articles and textbooks now
contain more diagrams than ever before (Rohwer et al., 2021).

Visual aids improve understanding. Platforms for graphic design may substitute
PowerPoint. Drag-and-drop functionality, editing graphic content, and embedding
personal photographs are all simple for students to do. Numerous websites have
examples of this type of software, including Crello, Picmonkey, Snappa, Easil, Adobe
Spark, Pablo, Stencil, and Canva. Millions of stock pictures, many of which are
royalty-free, are also available on these websites. Usually, they have a large selection of
Google Web fonts, icons, graphics, and template designs. These choices are
additionally offered for virtual meetings and interaction.

Technology is transforming communication and social changes, necessitating

effective tools for online and in-person interactions. However, consumers are hesitant to
adopt new technologies, such as graphic design platforms like PowerPoint. The
reasoning for implementing graphic design platforms has not received much attention
(Buckley & Nerantzi, 2020). With the increasing number of visual communication tools
on the internet, PowerPoint has lost its charm.

Student Perceptions of Group Writing Processes and Feedback

This is an experimental study conducted by Kym Jolley (2019), focused on
understanding students' preferences in terms of writing tools. It is a comparison
between Microsoft Word and Google Docs. According to this study, Collaboration and
task execution are made easier by programmes like Google Docs, which let groups
work on a single document at the same time and keep track of each contributor's work.
As a result, it also helps reduce participants' worries about unfair workloads. This study
shows that students nowadays prefer using Google docs in writing their written tasks
rather than using Microsoft Word.

Use of Web Search Engines and Personalisation in Information Searching for

Educational Purposes
This study examines how students use the internet to find material for
educational reasons, paying particular attention to how often they use web search
engines. The introduction raises worries about potential drawbacks in higher education
while highlighting students' increasing reliance on online searches. In order to assess
information access patterns during web searches, the researchers performed 28
one-on-one study sessions and polled 120 university students.

In order for them to perform this study, they prepared questionnaires then
surveyed the respondents which had to rank their preferences for different information
sources and provide both explicit and implicit comments on how relevant the search
results were. The survey discovered that the majority of students identified Google as
their main or only resource for information searching, even if they were exposed to the
first five typical pages of search results equally. In conclusion, the study clarifies the
disparity between how students actually engage with search results and how they seem
to like Google. The results point to a lost opportunity for knowledge, suggesting that
students may ignore important content on sites that appear after the top results,
exhibiting an opportunity bias in their information-seeking behavior.

Safetech Habits
In order to handle technology-related issues, promote online safety, address
digital citizenship, encourage balanced tech use, and prevent potential risks like
cyberbullying, educators need to be aware of their students' safe tech habits. With this
information, teachers may steer students towards a safe and positive digital learning
environment while also providing appropriate guidance. Here are some of the review
related literature related to safetech habits.

It Depends on You. Family Beliefs of Digital Technologies as a Regulator of

Children's Screen Use.
Early children's digital behaviors at home are greatly influenced by the attitudes
and ideas of their families regarding digital devices. 46 families with children under the
age of six were interviewed for this study in order to get insight into how parents'
opinions affect their young children's screen usage in terms of time, content, and
activities. The information is intended to provide a thorough analysis of media
management at home. In order to interview families, a descriptive, quantitative study
based on a questionnaire survey model was created. There aren't many distinctions,
according to the data, between the opinions of families who view children's ICT use as
beneficial or unfavorable. It is clear how intricately parental digital education plans and
support systems are analyzed.

It is clear how intricately parental digital education plans and support systems are
analyzed. Families are viewed as a balance between opposing extremes, veiled in
contradictions, and adjusted to the demands of the situation. This necessitates taking
into account every element that affects kids' digital behavior, including family attitudes,
parental digital mediation techniques, digital habits, and the socioeconomic setting of
the family.

Analysis of the State of Digital Contact Habits of Primary School Students

The purpose of this study is to investigate how primary school pupils used digital
devices throughout the epidemic. The significance of this research lies in its ability to
distinguish the digital contact behaviors of elementary school pupils prior to and
following the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the study holds the distinction of being
the first in the field of studies on digital addiction and life skills done at the elementary
school level. Survey methodology was applied. The study sample is made up of 986
parents of elementary school pupils from three distinct provinces with districts that are
comparable to one another in terms of socioeconomic and cultural characteristics.

The digital analysis technique was used to obtain the collected data. The artificial
intelligence-algorithmic system was used to interpret the data. The results showed that
during the COVID-19 pandemic, the research group pupils' risk of addiction rose, and
one in four kids had a digital dependency.

Examining K-12 Educator Experiences from Digital Citizenship Professional

Development
In order to live in a digital age, one must practice appropriate digital behavior, or
"digital citizenship." This mixed-methods study aims to investigate the experiences of
K–12 educators based on a graduate-level course on digital citizenship that they took
for professional development. This course was attended by 45 instructors. At the
completion of the course, 10 educators took part in follow-up interviews in addition to
the knowledge and attitude data gathered from the assessment and survey.

The findings showed that during the course of the semester, educators'
understanding of digital citizenship greatly enhanced. Qualitative research revealed that
teachers could apply the course material to their classroom settings and that they
enrolled in the course for a variety of reasons, including curriculum, school, student, and
personal. Concerning digital citizenship, requirements and difficulties were also noted.

The Impact of Students' Cellphone-Use and Self-Control on Academic

Performance in Traditional Classroom
There are numerous ways in which students' performance suffers when they use
their phones in class. This study looks at the relationship between mobile use,
self-control, and academic achievement during a 16-week period among 207 freshmen
enrolled in advanced mathematics courses using a self-developed monitoring app. An
interaction between the amount of time spent using a mobile and self-control affects
academic achievement, according to a two-factor ANOVA analysis. However, there was
no statistically significant correlation found between the frequency of mobile use and
self-control and academic achievement. Subsequent investigation reveals that students
with low self-control have a negative correlation between the amount of time they spend
on their phones and their academic achievement; individuals with excellent self-control
do not have this correlation.

According to the study's findings, academic performance is less negatively

impacted by mobile use when self-control is present as a moderating element. The
results offer insights into the relationship between mobile use and academic
performance and recommend strategies to help students who struggle with self-control
do better academically.

The Impact of Smartphone Use on Learning Effectiveness: A Case Study of

Primary School Students
This study investigates how primary school pupils view their academic
achievement in relation to their use of smartphones. Pupils who used smartphones
more frequently than those who did not performed better, according to the MANOVA
results, which may indicate that some pupils are not getting equal opportunities to learn.

According to the study's findings, smartphone use has a moderating effect on

academic achievement. The results highlight how crucial it is for educators to be aware
of this problem, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, and they offer insightful
information to educators and policymakers about how smartphone use affects
elementary school pupils' academic performance (Wang, Jen Chun; Hsieh, Chia-Yen;
Kung, Shih-Hao).

Academic Performance
Educators must be knowledgeable of their students' safetech habits or practices
and digital literacy since these aspects directly affect how students interact with
educational technology, obtain information, communicate, and work through issues.
Educators can design a learning environment that facilitates academic performance in a
world connected by digital means by comprehending and addressing these issues. Here
are some review related literature that shows how technology affects a learners
academic performance.

What Did You Get? Peers, Information, and Student Exam Performance
This study aims to find out if the knowledge of the learners peers' exam scores
impact the way pupils perform on their subsequent examination. It focuses on
answering the problem, if students are aware of the others examination scores, would
that lead to giving up or as motivation? This research discovered that peer-effects exist
and have a significant impact on grades, where students are driven to do better on
subsequent exams if they know that their peers received higher results than they did on
the first one. (Santoro, Lauren Ratliff; Bunte, Jonas B. 2023).

Technology Usage and Academic Performance in the Pisa 2018 Report

According to the Digital 2020 Report produced by We Are Social (2020), there
are 42.40 million internet users and 54.11 million mobile connections in Spain. The
study's focus is on the use of social networks and the internet by young people. Among
Spanish teens in their last year of obligatory education, between the ages of 15 and 16,
the study intends to examine views regarding social network usage. The study
examines the relationships between its findings and Spanish students' PISA scores
using a cutting-edge method (OECD, 2019). Governments can evaluate educational
policy and suggest new measures for equality with the help of the PISA, which offers
useful data on the 82 educational systems examined. Additionally, the study looks at
how technology affects academic achievement and finds that, while using technology
has a negative impact on language and scientific performance, it also has a favorable
benefit. (Vázquez-Cano, Gómez-Galán, Infante-Moro, LópezMeneses, 2020)

A recent quantitative study by Martínez Garrido (2018) looks at the effects of

technology use both within and outside of the classroom on academic achievement. It is
based on the reading and mathematics PISA results from Spanish secondary schools
(OECD, 2018). Another empirical study (S. García, 2019) on the impact of new
technologies on students' performance in the Spanish Baccalaureate reveals that
students' use of technological tools improves their performance in language and the
sciences but detracts from their performance in mathematics.

Impact of Electronic-Simplified Modules for the Academic Performance

The Department of Education (DepEd) in the Philippines is implementing
Self-Learning Modules (SLMs) as an alternative to traditional learning methods for the
2020-2021 school year. This is to ensure all learners have access to quality basic
education despite the COVID-19 crisis. However, the effectiveness of SLMs is limited
due to the existing structure of DepEd's instructors and students, and the inclusion of
imperfections in the modules.

The degree of learning differs because conventional literature isn't used as much
(Liezle Precious, Roldan Estrada, 2021). There are a few shortcomings with the
modular learning strategy. A quantitative research study proposed by Rolan T. Pelegro
(2022) looks at the impact of the electronic simplified modules in the academic
performances of grade 6 students in BCES-SSES. According to the result of their study,
the average mean of the summative test in Araling Panlipunan 6 among online
BCES-SSES students during the first quarter of the 2021–2022 school year was
calculated by the researcher was low. The purpose of the summative assessments was
to ascertain whether or not the students had learned the material that had been taught
to them. The researchers found extremely low examination scores and as a result,
interventions were necessary.

Synthesis
The review related studies and literature discussed above provides insights to
the complex relationship that exists between digital literacy, safe tech habits, and
academic success. In the digital age, digital literacy becomes essential for educators,
parents, professionals, and students since it allows quick access to internet resources
and enhances a variety of language abilities. It is not without difficulties, though;
problems including poor internet signals have been reported. A healthy digital learning
environment is mostly dependent on safe tech practices, such as digital contact and
family values. It explores how technology is changing education in a number of ways,
such as how student-created videos are improving STEM education and why people
prefer Google Docs to Microsoft Word. It also explores research evaluating the impact
of technology on academic performance, emphasizing the positive and negative
outcomes. Peer effects, awareness of manipulation through image editing software, and
the influence of digital citizenship courses on educators are among the factors explored.

In order to create effective learning environments, it is necessary for educators to

be aware of students' digital literacy and safe tech habits, as this research suggests. In
relation to this study, the review related literature underscores the need for a holistic
comprehension of the complex relationship between digital literacy, and academic
outcomes, giving educators a solid basis on which to navigate and improve student
performance in the digital environment.

Research Gap
While existing literature has explored the impact of digital literacy and safetech

habits on academic performance, there is a notable research gap in understanding the

fine distinct effects of specific digital literacy skills, such as proficiency in Photoshop,

video editing, and the use of diverse applications or websites, on the academic

performances of students. Current studies often provide a broad overview of digital

literacy without delving into the distinct contributions of various digital skills.

Furthermore, no study has been done to examine how learners in Grade Six who

possess excellent digital literacy together with healthy safetech habits are influenced in

certain subject areas, such as Science, Math and English. Addressing this research gap

will contribute to a more detailed understanding of the role of digital literacy in shaping

academic outcomes. This will enable us to develop educational strategies and targeted

interventions that meet the needs of children with different digital skill sets.
 Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the technical aspects of this research in the following
headings: research design, population and sampling, respondents of the study,
research instruments, validation of instruments, data gathering procedures and
statistical treatment of data.

Research Design
This study used a descriptive method to determine the impact of digital literacy
and safe tech habits on the academic performance of grade six learners in St. Vincent.
The researchers used descriptive research design to answer the questions; what,
where, when, why and how. The research aims to identify the learners' duration in terms
of technology and their capability in terms of digital literacy. It's a study which helps the
respondents to be aware of their own level of digital literacy and safe tech habits. Also,
to learn its Impact on their academic performance.

Population and Sampling

The researcher uses a simple random sampling technique to select randomly the
respondents who are willing to answer the survey questionnaire. The total population
number of the selected group is thirty-five (35) grade 6 students, which consists of
eighteen (18) male and seventeen (17) female. However, the chosen respondents that
are needed in this research are only twenty (20), eleven male (11), and nine female (9)
grade 6 students of St. Vincent.

Respondents of the Study

The researcher uses a simple random sampling technique, as they select grade
6 students of St. Vincent to be the respondents of the study. Each of the population of
the study will be given an equal chance to be selected. The study included a total
number of thirty-five (35) grade 6 students, which consists of eighteen (18) male and
seventeen (17) female.
 The figure shown in Table 1, shows the distribution of grade 6 students as
respondents of St. Vincent.

Table 1. Distribution of Respondents

Research Instruments

The researchers used a survey questionnaire as their data gathering instrument

to extend their knowledge about the topic and to assess their level of digital literacy and
safe tech habits. As well as how these two impact the academic performance of grade 6
students.
The research questionnaire was divided into three (3) categories: first is digital
literacy, second is safe tech habits and last is academic performance. The first category
aims to understand the capability of their knowledge through understanding their level of
skills using digital literacy. Second category consists of questions about the students'
duration in using digital technology. This was to determine the level of Safetech Habits
of the student in using digital technologies as part of their daily life and routines. The
third category is composed of questions about the academic performance of the
students while using digital. This was to determine if digital literacy and safetech habits
impacts the academic performance of the students.
Validation of the Instrument
The questionnaire has been formulated after a thorough reading of related
literature and studies about impact of digital literacy and safe tech habits on the
academic performance of grade six learners in St. Vincent. The draft of the
questionnaire was forwarded to the research adviser for corrections and suggestions.
After the research adviser validated and enriched the survey questionnaires, the
researcher prepared the final draft.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers validated first the questionnaire to the research adviser. After
the validation of their survey questionnaire, the researchers started to distribute the
research survey questionnaire to their chosen respondents which is the Grade 6
students. The researchers retrieved all the survey questionnaires distributed. The result
was tallied, tabulated and treated statistically by the researchers for the computation of
the result. Then the results were carefully analyzed and interpreted by the researchers.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researcher used the statistical tools and techniques for the specific purposes
of the study.

To find out the distribution of the respondents based on the given criteria in the
statement of the problem, the percentage formula was used. The formula is as shown
below:

Percentage:

Where:
 P = percentage

f = frequency of respondents

n = total number of respondents

Weighted Mean:

Where:

Wm = Weighted Mean

f = Frequency of respondents

N = Total number of respondents

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