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As for the Torah, there’s no Arabic translation of the Torah done by Muslims yet.

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In the 90s, Israel had around 35 Arabic-Islamic research centers that studied the
world from Morocco to Tashkent.

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This is what makes me feel frustrated at this age!

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Which is knowing what will happen in the future!

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This long-time negligence will lead to severe consequences!

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I've always told my students that this temple will rise on the ruins of Al-Aqsa
Mosque.

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This is the Jewish inevitability of the Torah. Arabs should understand this!

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Politicians should understand this! There is a missing part of the Jewish
legislation!

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Translated by Latifa Alharbi.

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Hello!

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This is Finjan from thmanyah,
and I am Abdulrahman Abumalih.

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The Jewish people! Who are they?

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How do they perceive us as Muslims?

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What do they believe in? And what is their relation to Muslims?

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How did we differ from each other before the occupation of Palestine?

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There are thousands of research projects on Arabs in Israel.

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Why do we have a few research centers dedicated to studying the Jewish people and
Israel?

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My guest, Faouzi Bedoui, says

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when Arabs wanted to understand Judaism after 1967,

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they relied on the Islamic-Jewish conflict of the Middle Ages.

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But Arabs missed the radical differences between the Middle Ages Judaism and 1967
Israel.

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This episode is about the Jewish people as they perceive themselves.

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From the beginning of Judaism until the occupation of Palestine.

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Why did they choose Palestine over all other lands?

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How did Zionism start?

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What is the secret behind their religious awakening after the 1967 war?

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Many questions were asked, and my guest gave thorough and fulfilling answers.

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In this episode, you’ll discover Israel has no constitution and boundaries!

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And that Zionism originated from Christianity.

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And that it started as an irreligious country,

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but now, it represents the ultimate nationalist-religious culture!

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In this episode, my guest is Faouzi Bedoui,

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a professor of Hebrew studies and the head of the Comparative Religions Department

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in the Literature, Art, and Humanities Faculty in Tunis.

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He says that to understand Zionism, Arabs must read it scientifically.

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If not understood, it will threaten their very existence!

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Before we start,

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We have a previous interesting episode that compliments this one

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on the Jewish relation to the Western civilization with Dr. Saad Albazei,

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which will be linked in the description.

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Now, let’s start!

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How far do you understand the Saudi colloquial?

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It’s pretty clear, but my problem is with the Bengal accent (referring to a pidgin
accent).

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You don’t understand the pidgin language!

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I can’t understand their English, nor can I figure out which language they’re
using!

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But, overall, there is no difficulty.

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The Tunisian dialect originated from the Hijaz.

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A word can be commonly used in Tunisia, Libya, and Algeria but share one origin!

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For example, the word bread.

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We say bread, but in northern Tunisia, they say kesra (literally translated as a
piece of stale bread).

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Kesra!

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Reading Al-Jahiz, you’ll find the word ‘kesra’ referring to bread.

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So, they are all Arabic words, but one is used somewhere more than others.

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So, it isn’t a challenge!

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What makes me wonder…
Actually, we were talking about this last week.

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That the Libyan dialect is so close to the Arabic peninsula dialects.
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So does the Tunisian dialect!

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It is a bit...

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If you spoke colloquial Tunisian, I wouldn’t be able to understand you!

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In some cases!

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-The Moroccan dialect too!
-Yes, things change when it comes to Moroccan.

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But Libya is three parts.

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There’s Benghazi, which is adjacent to Egypt, and its dialect is influenced by the
Egyptian dialect.

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But the Tripolitan, western Libya, and Tunisian dialects are almost similar.

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Are they?

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But in southern Libya, there is the Fezzan dialect.

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We are famous for the word ‫ يعيشك‬/Yaeishak/ (a Tunisian expression of gratitude
meaning may you be granted a longer life).

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I once was at Muhammad V University in Rabat, and I was chatting with a Moroccan
friend.

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We passed by a lecture room where a Moroccan instructor was teaching.

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I said (Yaeishak) to my friend,
and the Moroccan teacher came out, asking where the Tunisian was!

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-So, it’s a Tunisian trait!
-It is!

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I’m surrounded by two angels here!

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[You’re not alone!]

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May Allah be of your assistance!

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The Jewish topic is one we always wanted to discuss.

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In Finjan, we’ve discussed it several times.

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We want to clarify what people misunderstood due to a lack of sufficient context.

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Geographical, conceptual, and religious topics!

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We’ve discussed Sudan, thinking that Arabs are fully aware of one another!

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But it turned out it made us know Sudan way better than we did before!

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We’ve discussed Somalia and other countries, also, regions within Saudi.

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We have an amazing episode about the Asir region.

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I believe that discussing such topics is always beneficial for people!

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So are the Judaism and Israel topics, which we always wanted to discuss and find
someone interested in sharing insights about.
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But apparently, Arabs are a bit skeptical about it!

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This makes it a great opportunity to discuss it thoroughly!

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What was your motivation for studying Judaism?

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It is a peculiar interest that started before you specialized, as you said!

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-Are we recording yet?
-Yes!

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My interest in Hebrew studies started from where I lived.

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I was born in a Jewish neighborhood in a city called Ariana.

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It is known for its Jewish community.

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There is a Tunisian proverb common among the Jewish people.

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Which is: If Ariana had a sea, none would their graves see.

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Because they loved this city!

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I grew up around them since my mother was from Ariana.

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So, I was curious at first, but this simple curiosity changed when I was in high
school.

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My father was a Zitouni (a graduate of Ez-Zitouna University).
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He was very interested in Middle Eastern matters.

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He was a Nasseri (Nasserism), as many people of his generation were.

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So, I got my initial political and Middle Eastern education from him.

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This interest crystallized when I studied in higher education school,

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where we focused on Islamic and Arabic world issues.

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So, my simple curiosity changed into an academic one.

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So instead of being a receiver of knowledge, I became the one who controlled this
desire.

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I wrote my first article about the Arab-Israel conflict in high school.

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Later, in university, my interest was established.

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My peers used to know it and made jokes about this friend who was interested in
Jewish matters.

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They used to call me by a Jewish nickname.

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After my BA studies, I finished my postgraduate degree.

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Then, I moved to Paris.

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I studied modern Hebrew at the Institute for Oriental Languages in Paris.

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At the same time, I was getting an education from the Catholic Institute in Paris.

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Because I needed to learn Old Hebrew and other languages

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like Syriac and Aramaic, which weren't available at the oriental languages
institute.

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It was a requirement for my Ph.D. thesis,

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which was about the Islamic-Jewish relations/controversy in the Middle Ages.

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So, this career was forming little by little.

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I returned to Tunisia while I had the opportunity to stay in Paris.

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I actually went back in the week I got a job.

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I had two reasons.

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My first reason was my unimaginable love for my father.

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I’m his firstborn son, and I feared he’d grow older without me by his side.

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I even lived next door to my father, a few meters apart.

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My second reason was this question: what would I add to the French?

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The answer was: nothing!

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France has its own centuries-established traditions regarding Hebrew and Jewish
studies.

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And an abundance of specialists.

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So who needed me most? My country!

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So, I returned to Tunisia, intending to establish a Jewish studies center in Tunis.

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Excellent!

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A research center!

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I taught simple Jewish studies courses at Ez-Zitouna University, so I taught
religious matters.

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And gave history courses.

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Also, linguistic courses because Hebrew and Arabic are closely related languages.

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I felt how much students needed sources and references.

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The Tunisian and Arab students can’t find reliable sources in this field.

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-Which field?
-Jewish Studies.

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I will explain the type of texts an Arab citizen has access to shortly.

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As for academic students, almost none!
If there are any, they are very few and rare sources.

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So, I thought of establishing a Jewish studies center,

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but the political climate in the Arab world wouldn’t allow it.

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I knew that and thought it shouldn’t be named ‘Jewish Studies Center’ but ‘Semitic
Studies Center’ instead.

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Excellent!

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With the sole purpose of creating a library!

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My goal was to create a scientific library that would provide the best productions
in the world.

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American, French, European, Chinese, and Israeli productions to educate our
students.

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The other goal was to start a translation program besides teaching the language.

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Because we nearly knew nothing about Judaism and Israel except for a few texts, and
I will list them.

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So, the student who wants to major in Jewish studies wouldn’t find a Jewish text
translated into Arabic.

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There is no translation of the Talmud, for example.

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-Into Arabic!
-Yes.

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I will explain the few recent translations in this regard.

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-At that time, there was no translation of…
-Which time are you referring to?

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When was this?

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Around 1994 and 1995.

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There’s no Talmud in Arabic!

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Later, there was a Jordanian translation.

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But the Jordanian copy had many issues known to specialists.

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The title is misleading because it isn’t a complete translation of the Talmud but a
translation of the Mishnah script.

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Later, there was an Egyptian translation of parts of the Mishnah.

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-Anyway, the Talmud as a whole...
-Isn’t translated!

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The Talmud is a group of various texts era-wise, which requires an institutional
effort to be translated.

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As for the Torah, there’s no Arabic translation of the Torah done by Muslims yet.

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Who did it?

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The translations we know now were done by missionaries in the 19th century.

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The sole reliable Arabic translation was done by the Dutch orientalist Van Dyke,
and used in Catholic translations.

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Other translations in the Egyptian Coptic churches

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were done according to the Orthodox Church.

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But an Arabic Muslim translation of the Torah hasn’t happened yet.

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The oldest Arabic Torah translation, with all five chapters, was done by rabbi
Saadia Al-Fayyumi.

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He was a prominent rabbi in Egypt and was a head of an academy in Iraq.

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He was called Saadia Gaon in the third Hijra century.

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This is an example.

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Would it make a difference if it was translated by an Arab and a Muslim?

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Of course, it would. Religiously and ideologically.

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For example, Arabic Christian texts refer to the divinity as God.

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The divinity concept differs.

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The Christian, Jewish, and Arabic divinity concepts differ from each other.

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In the Hebrew translation of the Quran,

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one of the issues was translating Al-Aqsa Mosque into the ‘temple’.

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It is something known to specialists.
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An example of the difference is when you tackle Judaism,

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you must mention Rabbi Moses Ben Maimon, the Cordoban.

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This man is the most prominent jurist of the Jewish since the Middle Ages.

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He was introduced to Arabs by the book The Guide of the Perplexed,

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which was revised by the Turkish Hussein Atai.

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A stolen copy was published later in Egypt.

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He is known to the Jewish as The Great Eagle.

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There are hospitals in Israel named after him.

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The Jewish say [speaks in Hebrew]

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Meaning: between the prophet Moses and this Moses, there was no such a Moses.

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His jurisprudence texts, such as Mishneh Torah, aren’t translated into Arabic.

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Recently, there was a translated booklet of Mishneh Torah.

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And this is only one type of text, let alone literature, poetry, or exegesis!

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We have a huge shortage in the Arab world, which is attributed to historical
reasons.

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But it shouldn't stay this way!

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From building improvement through the elegant design, luxurious facilities, and
unique location.

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Innovative and sustainable residential solutions by Safa Investments.

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More in the episode's description.

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What is the importance of understanding the Jewish by the Arabs?

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There are two answers.

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One, it is a continuation of our ancestors' traditions.

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The interest in the other and the other’s faith is as old as our history.

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We created the best texts in the Middle Ages, such as Al-Shahrastani’s Book of
Sects and Creeds.

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And Ibn Hazm’s Al-Fisal book and Biruni’s India book.

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These scholars produced advanced literature that introduced Arabs to other
religions.

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We were required to learn about parts of these religions regarding the Dhimmi
(people of the covenant).

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I will give you a simple example.

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For example, one of the Abbasid caliphs was returning to Iraq from pilgrimage.
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But he found people (of certain faith) bathing in the Tigris-Euphrates river.

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He asked what faith did they believe in but got no clear answer.

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Turned out they were Sabians, who were mentioned in Quran.

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Muslims were skeptical about classifying them as People of the Book.

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If they were People of the Book, they must be treated as Dhimmis.

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There was a controversy about their classification and a misunderstanding,

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which is attributed to Ibn Al-Nadim’s book Al-Fihrist.

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He confused two types of Sabians.

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The Sabians, who were mentioned in Quran, had a Judeo-Christian faith.

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They are called the Bata’eh Sabians, who were known to Jesus.

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There were the Harran pagan Sabians who worshipped planets and stars.

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This misled jurists and confused their classification,
especially with the expansion of the Islamic Empire.

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They had to deal with religious, racial, and language minorities.

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The Islamic civilization handled this matter until the Ottoman Empire collapsed

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with the Dhimmi and Millet system, which relied on the Hanafi jurisprudence.

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There was an intellectual need and a continuation of our ancestors' tradition.

227
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But our ancestors’ knowledge will expire with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire
and the beginning of the modern world.

228
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One of our flaws in understanding other religions

229
00:22:06.161 --> 00:22:10.385
is repeating our ancestors’ knowledge of the Middle Ages.

230
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Which is a mistaken approach by Arabs and Muslims in their way of understanding the
modern world.

231
00:22:20.36 --> 00:22:25.314
And we will discuss the proper methods of getting to know the other.

232
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In the past, these religions were perceived in two ways.

233
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The first approach was defensive. Defending faiths and defending Islam, as Ibn
Khaldun said.

234
00:22:38.464 --> 00:22:42.361
It seeks to prove the superiority of Islam over other faiths.

235
00:22:42.361 --> 00:22:47.750
It is called L'apologie or the defense.

236
00:22:47.75 --> 00:22:51.237
While the other way is the ‘polémique’ approach, the controversial one.

237
00:22:52.95 --> 00:22:58.157
The binary Middle Ages approach: the defensive and controversial ways.

238
00:22:58.157 --> 00:23:06.142
But in the modern studies of religions, these approaches were dropped

239
00:23:06.142 --> 00:23:12.247
because they don’t fit into modern religious studies terms.

240
00:23:12.247 --> 00:23:24.636
So, Muslims should adhere to this 19th-century shift and perceive the religious
discourse differently.

241
00:23:24.636 --> 00:23:32.925
Did the Christian faith studies by Arabs stop? Or is it just with Judaism?

242
00:23:33.641 --> 00:23:40.335
We are talking about Arabic-Islamic studies! Because there are Christian Arabs.

243
00:23:40.335 --> 00:23:44.947
The Arabic-Muslim studies stopped with all religions.

244
00:23:44.947 --> 00:23:49.126
The Arab world decadence was inclusive.

245
00:23:49.956 --> 00:23:54.679
It didn’t overlook Christianity and studied Judaism.

246
00:23:54.679 --> 00:23:57.433
It is an inclusive matter.

247
00:23:57.433 --> 00:24:03.921
If there is weak Islamic knowledge of Christianity and Judaism,

248
00:24:03.921 --> 00:24:11.845
there is a stronger ignorance of the Asian, Indian, and Latin religions.

249
00:24:11.845 --> 00:24:16.266
This needs to change!

250
00:24:16.266 --> 00:24:25.648
I wanted to establish the center to fill this longstanding gap!

251
00:24:26.542 --> 00:24:33.960
I've always remembered Ibn Hazm's words in his book A Response to the Jewish Ibn
Al-Nagrila.

252
00:24:33.96 --> 00:24:36.769
“Oh, Allah! I appeal to you for the indulgence of the people of the kingdoms

253
00:24:36.769 --> 00:24:44.046
in building their soon-to-be-left mansions, and in collecting riches that would
empower their enemies

254
00:24:44.046 --> 00:24:49.630
neglecting the faith that granted them honor”

255
00:24:49.63 --> 00:24:54.211
He’s been asking us, centuries ago, to pour effort into this matter.

256
00:24:55.008 --> 00:25:04.255
So, I wanted to establish the center to create a library and recruit translators to
fill the gap.

257
00:25:05.467 --> 00:25:12.400
But I faced a political predicament. The political facilitation wasn't in my hands!

258
00:25:13.454 --> 00:25:18.241
I wrote a famous cautionary article in 1992 in a Tunisian newspaper.

259
00:25:18.241 --> 00:25:22.680
I asked for the establishment of a Polytechnique for religious studies.

260
00:25:22.68 --> 00:25:25.096
I will get back to the center.

261
00:25:25.096 --> 00:25:27.454
This cautionary article was published in 1992.

262
00:25:27.454 --> 00:25:36.849
In that year, the presidency transferred from Habib Bourguiba to Zine El Abidine
Ben Ali, and there was a religious conflict.

263
00:25:36.849 --> 00:25:44.518
Which is a reoccurring unresolved religious conflict in Tunisia every twenty years.

264
00:25:44.518 --> 00:25:51.360
Tunisia had its periodic crises and will continue to suffer every couple of
decades.

265
00:25:51.36 --> 00:25:52.943
The reason is this religious conflict.

266
00:25:52.943 --> 00:26:04.508
So, through this article, I asked the country concerned about making good
engineers, physicians, and businessmen

267
00:26:04.508 --> 00:26:11.441
to consider creating good religious institutions that operate according to the
modern scientific method.

268
00:26:12.622 --> 00:26:18.438
Because we can create good factories and achieve huge investments

269
00:26:18.438 --> 00:26:22.440
that will collapse in twenty years, which did happen.

270
00:26:22.44 --> 00:26:35.359
Because the republican system failed to understand that it must create religious
institutions, like France.

271
00:26:35.359 --> 00:26:38.345
In France, there is a still-standing Catholic institute.

272
00:26:38.345 --> 00:26:46.114
The French Republic system created Le Collège de France and the Semitic religions
and language institutions.

273
00:26:47.19 --> 00:26:55.060
These religious institutions will support the republic during crises.

274
00:26:55.06 --> 00:27:07.370
At that time, religious matters were security issues, even in neighboring
countries.

275
00:27:07.982 --> 00:27:16.572
But they forgot that security measures can stop terrorism and violence

276
00:27:16.572 --> 00:27:20.306
but can’t control religious ideologies.

277
00:27:20.306 --> 00:27:25.735
Religious ideologies need a few generations time to be repaired.

278
00:27:25.735 --> 00:27:37.021
It would take a long battle for the Arab world to emerge from certain ideological
frames.

279
00:27:38.235 --> 00:27:49.797
Upon my quest, I was directed to someone who used to work in Bourguiba's time in
the United Nations.

280
00:27:49.797 --> 00:27:58.980
I thought this prominent person would help me and preside over the center.

281
00:27:58.98 --> 00:28:03.683
My aim wasn’t the position, but it was bringing this project to life.

282
00:28:04.28 --> 00:28:07.578
I thought it would be a guarantee of success.

283
00:28:08.858 --> 00:28:14.901
But I read an article in a newspaper a couple of days after meeting with him.

284
00:28:16.717 --> 00:28:26.055
Saying: we learned that a Tunisian professor wants to create a Jewish studies
center to normalize with Israel.

285
00:28:26.055 --> 00:28:31.000
I understood the message of the article.

286
00:28:31.0 --> 00:28:36.600
So, I shredded all that project’s papers and let go of this idea since then.

287
00:28:36.6 --> 00:28:39.101
I turned to academic teaching.

288
00:28:41.269 --> 00:28:45.525
I poured my effort into educating my students.

289
00:28:45.525 --> 00:28:55.086
And established, with the help of friends, a department of religions

290
00:28:55.863 --> 00:28:58.747
which studies Christianity, Judaism, and so on.

291
00:28:58.747 --> 00:29:09.199
Hoping that time will achieve what I couldn’t achieve and still can’t.

292
00:29:09.199 --> 00:29:12.474
Because things turned out against my expectations.

293
00:29:12.983 --> 00:29:17.376
And I've been occupied by day-to-day life, which took me from scholarly work.

294
00:29:17.376 --> 00:29:19.771
We work under difficult conditions.
295
00:29:19.771 --> 00:29:26.404
Even if we were academic professors, there are limitations.

296
00:29:26.404 --> 00:29:30.000
I’m approaching my retirement age

297
00:29:30.0 --> 00:29:37.628
and I don’t think I’ve created more than 4% of what I imagined I would achieve.

298
00:29:37.628 --> 00:29:43.556
Only if there were different conditions, contexts, will, and potential.

299
00:29:43.556 --> 00:29:51.245
So, years ago, I turned into the virtual world, such as this platform.

300
00:29:51.245 --> 00:29:56.057
Hoping that my voice will travel further than the lecture walls

301
00:29:56.057 --> 00:30:03.444
and be heard by the Arab and Islamic countries that understand such needs.

302
00:30:03.444 --> 00:30:09.025
The need to tackle such matters with new approaches.

303
00:30:09.025 --> 00:30:14.099
I believe that the political and social stability of the Arab world

304
00:30:14.099 --> 00:30:18.079
will only rely on resolving the religious conflict.

305
00:30:18.579 --> 00:30:23.747
I’ve written a lot about this matter and lectured on it.

306
00:30:23.747 --> 00:30:35.531
I believe the Arab world is prone to disruption if these 200 years old religious
matters aren't addressed.

307
00:30:36.888 --> 00:30:44.461
This shortfall caused us to miss the industrial revolution, the Digital Revolution,
and most probably the AI Revolution.

308
00:30:44.461 --> 00:30:52.152
Because we are still standing at square one, which is rearranging our relationship
with religion.
309
00:30:52.152 --> 00:30:57.148
Not opposing religion! I don’t want to be misunderstood!

310
00:30:57.148 --> 00:31:01.411
Religion was, is, and will still be there.

311
00:31:01.411 --> 00:31:07.480
What the Arab world needs is to repair the relationship with religion.

312
00:31:07.48 --> 00:31:15.639
From what I see, the addressed religious matters are the surface issues such as
violence.

313
00:31:15.639 --> 00:31:17.502
But it is deeper than that!

314
00:31:17.502 --> 00:31:20.122
-Such as?
-The perception!

315
00:31:20.122 --> 00:31:23.078
How the Arab citizens perceive religious matters.

316
00:31:23.078 --> 00:31:30.491
An individual issue is about morality and societal living.

317
00:31:30.491 --> 00:31:34.784
But the collective religious issues are political at the core!

318
00:31:36.158 --> 00:31:42.442
Therefore, it will keep reoccurring.

319
00:31:42.442 --> 00:31:48.868
The Arab world must have, at least academically,

320
00:31:48.868 --> 00:31:59.880
universities and institutions that tackle this issue with the modern religious
science approach.

321
00:31:59.88 --> 00:32:08.680
Which advises, creates, and alters the perception of the Arab citizens of all
religions.

322
00:32:08.68 --> 00:32:13.960
Since my childhood interest was Jewish studies, I took this path.
323
00:32:13.96 --> 00:32:23.120
And I believe I can address the major weaknesses of such matters.

324
00:32:23.12 --> 00:32:34.229
You said the Arabic citizen is a victim of several mistakes in understanding
Judaism.

325
00:32:34.229 --> 00:32:41.552
And that in the 60s, politics contributed to misinforming the Arab citizens about
Judaism.

326
00:32:41.552 --> 00:32:47.899
I would like to know the mistakes and how did politics misinform the Arab citizen?

327
00:32:48.921 --> 00:32:59.737
The first and most obvious mistake is leaning on ancient knowledge!

328
00:32:59.737 --> 00:33:03.339
What would the Arab citizens find if they wanted to educate themselves?

329
00:33:03.339 --> 00:33:15.182
There will only be Ibn Hazm’s book, parts of the Biruni’s book, or the
Shahrastani’s!

330
00:33:16.167 --> 00:33:20.430
Which already had several limitations I will address shortly.

331
00:33:21.234 --> 00:33:26.800
As I said, they were done with two approaches: defense and controversy.

332
00:33:26.8 --> 00:33:35.470
The other issue is the shortage of Judaism books in the Arab market.

333
00:33:35.47 --> 00:33:40.184
Except for a few important titles.

334
00:33:41.989 --> 00:33:47.035
The Arab citizen has access to three or four books.

335
00:33:47.035 --> 00:33:51.887
For example, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion,

336
00:33:51.887 --> 00:33:58.509
which is a bestseller that sold huge numbers of the Arabic edition.
337
00:34:00.035 --> 00:34:02.087
Translated by Khalifa Al-Tunisi.

338
00:34:03.52 --> 00:34:10.407
Another famous book is Blood Libel (the Arabic title translates to The Zion Pie).

339
00:34:14.433 --> 00:34:19.752
Another book is The Hidden Treasures of the Talmud Rules (literally translated),
which has no relation to the Talmud.

340
00:34:21.419 --> 00:34:24.251
And such books!

341
00:34:25.871 --> 00:34:35.467
I used to find Adolf Hitler’s book, My Struggle, on the side of the roads of Tunis.

342
00:34:38.169 --> 00:34:42.059
What is the knowledge such books provide the Arab citizen with?

343
00:34:42.559 --> 00:34:43.996
Nothing!

344
00:34:44.531 --> 00:34:49.880
These books introduce an ideology called Antisemitism.

345
00:34:51.223 --> 00:34:54.555
I will explain the dangers of this.

346
00:34:55.691 --> 00:35:03.050
The Zion Pie book discusses the Blood Libel,

347
00:35:05.863 --> 00:35:08.341
published by someone called Kilani.

348
00:35:08.341 --> 00:35:15.553
A famous Syrian former minister of defense, Mustafa Tlass

349
00:35:15.553 --> 00:35:21.118
wrote a book about this as a Ph.D. thesis in Paris but was rejected.

350
00:35:22.752 --> 00:35:27.830
I will discuss the other books, but I will talk about this one first.

351
00:35:27.83 --> 00:35:36.321
The Zion Pie discusses an accusation against the Jewish people,

352
00:35:37.76 --> 00:35:44.636
which claims they need blood to be mixed with the dough of the Passover.

353
00:35:46.189 --> 00:35:52.222
This accusation originated from Middle Ages Christianity

354
00:35:53.2 --> 00:35:56.948
which contributed to the Jewish-Christian feud,

355
00:35:56.948 --> 00:36:01.791
which is a conflict of faith.

356
00:36:01.791 --> 00:36:08.312
It isn’t the same as the Islamic-Jewish conflict, which I will explain.

357
00:36:08.312 --> 00:36:16.004
Their feud is in faith because Christians believe that the Jewish killed Jesus.

358
00:36:16.56 --> 00:36:28.280
And that Judas Iscariot sold him after the last supper to the Roman forces, which
led to his crucifixion.

359
00:36:28.28 --> 00:36:34.940
Anyway, it is a feud of faiths that lasted until the modern days.

360
00:36:34.94 --> 00:36:43.314
This is one of its manifestations,
that the Jewish mix dough with blood, the same as they killed Jesus.

361
00:36:43.314 --> 00:36:47.669
But such a thing is never known to us!
Have you ever heard of such a thing?

362
00:36:47.669 --> 00:36:48.715
No!

363
00:36:48.715 --> 00:36:57.493
For example, the only event in our history was the accusation against the Jewish
for killing the Prophet.

364
00:36:57.493 --> 00:37:00.001
In the poisoned sheep Hadith.
365
00:37:02.502 --> 00:37:08.881
And that the Companion who shared the Prophet in eating it was Albara bin Marur.

366
00:37:10.838 --> 00:37:14.965
By the way, he was the only one who didn’t want the Qibla to change.

367
00:37:14.965 --> 00:37:21.738
He ate with the Prophet and died because of it.

368
00:37:21.738 --> 00:37:27.591
While the Prophet was sick, Albara bin Marur’s sister visited him

369
00:37:27.591 --> 00:37:35.563
and he told her: I feel as if my aorta is being cut from the food I ate with your
brother at Khaibar.

370
00:37:36.748 --> 00:37:44.818
Al-Tabari commented that Muslims think the Prophet died as a martyr alongside his
blessing of prophecy.

371
00:37:47.794 --> 00:37:53.310
Imagine if Muslims took this claim and accused the Jewish of killing the Prophet

372
00:37:53.31 --> 00:37:58.883
as the Christians accused them of killing Jesus.

373
00:37:58.883 --> 00:38:01.463
We know that our ancestors didn’t take such an approach.

374
00:38:01.463 --> 00:38:05.099
The controversy over the Prophet’s infallibility lasted until the 7th century,

375
00:38:05.099 --> 00:38:08.396
and it’s mentioned in Al-Razi’s book Keys to the Unknown.

376
00:38:11.213 --> 00:38:19.940
He said that Muslims agreed on the infallibility of the Prophet regarding the
revelation,

377
00:38:19.94 --> 00:38:23.331
but he was not immune in his body.

378
00:38:23.331 --> 00:38:27.823
His teeth were broken, and he was injured in battles and got sick.
379
00:38:27.823 --> 00:38:33.080
And was bewitched by the Jewish Labeed ibn Al-Asam, which was denied by the
Mu'tazilah.

380
00:38:33.08 --> 00:38:34.361
Anyway, it is a controversy.

381
00:38:34.361 --> 00:38:37.537
Muslims never believed that the Prophet was murdered.

382
00:38:38.898 --> 00:38:45.429
So, we have no feud with the Jewish such as the one Christians have.

383
00:38:45.429 --> 00:38:55.504
So, this book, Zion Pie, represents an accusation that appeared around 1830,

384
00:38:55.504 --> 00:38:57.540
in Damascus,

385
00:39:00.0 --> 00:39:04.590
and was fabricated by the French consul.

386
00:39:05.712 --> 00:39:10.384
Because Syria was going to be under the French Mandate in 1922.

387
00:39:11.428 --> 00:39:16.313
This matter is explained in detail in books anyway.

388
00:39:16.313 --> 00:39:23.285
So, it is like importing an antisemitism accusation into a non-antisemitic
civilization!

389
00:39:25.241 --> 00:39:27.709
This must be clarified.

390
00:39:27.709 --> 00:39:32.511
There is anti-Judaism and antisemitism,

391
00:39:34.4 --> 00:39:44.240
which are becoming synonymous for historical reasons.

392
00:39:44.24 --> 00:39:50.193
The Jewish made a huge effort to establish this idea in the Western mindset.

393
00:39:50.193 --> 00:39:56.721
Especially after the Nazi holocaust.

394
00:39:58.847 --> 00:40:04.155
The world overlooked the fact that Arabs are Semitic too.

395
00:40:04.155 --> 00:40:11.466
It is a complicated topic, and it will be discussed thoroughly later.

396
00:40:11.466 --> 00:40:16.073
There has been talk about antisemitism against Islam.

397
00:40:16.073 --> 00:40:21.886
Such as in Bernard Lewis's book The Jews of Islam.

398
00:40:21.886 --> 00:40:28.694
As well as a woman specialist in this.

399
00:40:29.267 --> 00:40:32.350
Her pen name is Bat Ye’or.

400
00:40:32.35 --> 00:40:37.610
She is an Egyptian Jewish woman, and her real name is Gisèle Littman.

401
00:40:37.61 --> 00:40:46.025
She left Egypt, lived in Switzerland, and married a Jewish American orientalist.

402
00:40:46.025 --> 00:40:55.309
She talked about what she called Eurabia, which refers to Europe.

403
00:40:56.396 --> 00:41:08.221
And many other books claim that Muslim antisemitism is rooted in history.

404
00:41:13.517 --> 00:41:16.797
And that the first anti-semite was the Prophet PBUH!

405
00:41:18.945 --> 00:41:21.427
And many held this belief.

406
00:41:21.427 --> 00:41:32.023
There is an American person known for it. I’ll try to remember his name.

407
00:41:32.023 --> 00:41:36.031
He was in charge of something called Campus Watch.
408
00:41:36.031 --> 00:41:50.447
In America, a university monitoring system kept an eye on Arab professors or the
pro-Arab who defended the Palestine cause.

409
00:41:50.447 --> 00:41:53.507
Especially in Middle Eastern studies centers.

410
00:41:53.507 --> 00:42:03.412
Anyone can look up the Campus Watch and will find out how it made Edward Said
suffer.

411
00:42:03.412 --> 00:42:12.944
Their mission was to detect any anti-Jewish, anti-Zionism, or anti-Israel behavior
in universities.

412
00:42:15.452 --> 00:42:24.926
And there is a new 'Mas-Yahudi' (Arabic blending) Jewish-Christianity ideology.

413
00:42:25.972 --> 00:42:31.646
-Do you mean by ‘Mas-Yahudi’…
-It is blending two words in the Arabic language.

414
00:42:31.646 --> 00:42:39.228
I found another translation, but I didn’t want to come up with a new word to avoid
confusion.

415
00:42:39.228 --> 00:42:43.080
Saying Mas-Yahudi means Jewish-Christianity.

416
00:42:43.08 --> 00:42:46.277
There was an old Jewish-Christianity related to early Islam,

417
00:42:46.277 --> 00:42:54.427
and a modern Jewish-Christianity which consists of Zionist Christians and Anti-
Arab/Muslims

418
00:42:54.427 --> 00:42:57.904
scattered all over the Western world in the US.

419
00:42:57.904 --> 00:43:03.658
Which poured great efforts into opposing the Palestine cause and Arab and Muslims.

420
00:43:03.658 --> 00:43:12.554
It created this discourse of accusing the Arabs of antisemitism and that it is
rooted in their history.
421
00:43:12.554 --> 00:43:18.656
I will provide the listener with one of their false claims.

422
00:43:18.656 --> 00:43:23.839
Which, unfortunately, was celebrated by the ignorant Arabs.

423
00:43:25.34 --> 00:43:32.246
They claim that the Prophet was the first anti-semite because he slaughtered 900
Jewish people of Bani Quraizah

424
00:43:33.4 --> 00:43:36.315
in the so-called event of the massacre of Bani Quraizah.

425
00:43:39.303 --> 00:43:45.078
Their sources said they were either 700 or 900 people of Bani Quraizah slaughtered.

426
00:43:45.078 --> 00:43:56.730
And they claimed that violence and murder are the very nature of Muslims because
their Prophet did it!

427
00:43:58.471 --> 00:44:01.968
Hitler could do this because of his advanced methods.

428
00:44:01.968 --> 00:44:05.500
But on that time scale!

429
00:44:05.5 --> 00:44:21.187
Those people missed the fact that this alleged incident was narrated by reverts.

430
00:44:22.866 --> 00:44:26.176
Reverts (guided back) means the Jewish who became Muslims.

431
00:44:27.471 --> 00:44:39.560
A disbeliever converts to Islam, but a Jewish or Christian reverts to Islam!

432
00:44:43.83 --> 00:44:52.151
If this reverts narrative was fact-checked in a historical context,

433
00:44:52.151 --> 00:44:55.905
we’ll find that they confused two occurrences

434
00:44:55.905 --> 00:44:59.953
one of which is rooted in the ancient Jewish subconscious.

435
00:44:59.953 --> 00:45:01.960
It is the Masada event!

436
00:45:03.023 --> 00:45:09.150
It is about a group of Jewish people who took shelter in a fortress in Palestine

437
00:45:09.96 --> 00:45:13.908
and were sieged by the Roman forces.

438
00:45:14.922 --> 00:45:28.546
But they preferred to kill themselves over surrendering to the unbeatable Roman
military.

439
00:45:30.214 --> 00:45:41.258
So, these two narratives portray the Jewish reaction as a heroic death.

440
00:45:41.258 --> 00:45:51.676
Women were dressed beautifully, and men preferred death over a life without a loved
one.

441
00:45:51.676 --> 00:45:54.399
So, they were heading for death proudly!

442
00:45:54.399 --> 00:45:57.675
This is an echo of the Masada event.

443
00:45:58.52 --> 00:46:06.485
A few of those were murdered in that time’s battles scale.

444
00:46:08.242 --> 00:46:10.633
This had to be mentioned.

445
00:46:10.633 --> 00:46:16.481
And by the way, the Masada fortress is still in Israel, Occupied Palestine.

446
00:46:16.481 --> 00:46:24.283
It is the fortress where some graduates of Israeli military academies get their
ranks and medals.

447
00:46:24.283 --> 00:46:29.558
And where they swear none of what happened to their ancestors in Masada will happen
to Israel.

448
00:46:31.48 --> 00:46:37.621
The second thing is that Medina (Yathrib) wasn't as populated as modern cities.
449
00:46:37.621 --> 00:46:47.557
If there were 900 people murdered, there would be unimaginable sanitary issues and
diseases!

450
00:46:48.916 --> 00:46:50.655
What’s more dangerous

451
00:46:50.655 --> 00:46:52.645
that if such a claim did actually happen

452
00:46:52.645 --> 00:46:56.354
As we know, the Prophet is a role model for Muslims in words and actions.

453
00:46:56.354 --> 00:47:04.883
If such a thing had happened, it would’ve survived in our history and Jihad books.

454
00:47:05.981 --> 00:47:14.240
And Muslims would’ve followed its example and dealt with the Jewish accordingly!

455
00:47:14.24 --> 00:47:25.173
The Jewish could’ve faced a lot worse with Muslims than they suffered from the
Christians!

456
00:47:25.173 --> 00:47:38.016
Listeners must know there were only two simple antagonistic occurrences with the
Jewish in Islamic history.

457
00:47:38.016 --> 00:47:43.146
The first one was in the reign of the Fatimid caliph AlHakim bi-Amr Allah who was a
lunatic.

458
00:47:43.146 --> 00:47:50.737
He did a lot worse to Muslims, burned Cairo, and ordered people to wake up at night
and sleep during the day!

459
00:47:51.569 --> 00:47:53.715
He was like the Roman Nero!

460
00:47:53.715 --> 00:47:56.427
While the second occurrence was during the Almohad caliphate.

461
00:47:57.0 --> 00:48:08.690
And never in our history has been hostility against the Jewish like Europe’s with
its pogroms!

462
00:48:08.69 --> 00:48:12.741
The last one was the Kishinev pogrom in Eastern Europe.

463
00:48:12.741 --> 00:48:24.000
There is a lot of evidence against the Muslim antisemitism claim by the Zionist
mediums.

464
00:48:25.476 --> 00:48:33.599
Which is held by the ignorant Arabs as a source of pride!

465
00:48:33.599 --> 00:48:45.841
By accepting such narratives, they accept the Islamic antisemitism accusation
proudly!

466
00:48:45.841 --> 00:48:56.821
Some go further than pride and deny the Nazi Holocaust, which is extremely
dangerous!

467
00:48:56.821 --> 00:49:03.143
Arabs shouldn’t deny the Nazi holocaust.

468
00:49:03.143 --> 00:49:09.975
This is what prominent Arab intellectuals and Edward Said warned about at a Beirut
conference.

469
00:49:09.975 --> 00:49:19.584
Accepting or sympathizing with the holocaust that happened to Jewish and non-Jewish
isn’t right.

470
00:49:19.584 --> 00:49:29.400
Acknowledging it will make the world recognize the Arab Nakba (disaster), the
modern holocaust of Arabs and Palestinians.

471
00:49:29.4 --> 00:49:35.149
This was excellently explained by Dr. Gilbert Achcar in his book in this regard!

472
00:49:35.149 --> 00:49:43.788
Anyway, many parts of our history need revision by specialists to enlighten the
Arab world.

473
00:49:43.788 --> 00:49:53.758
So they don’t follow this emotional approach that would lead us to react
improperly.

474
00:49:53.758 --> 00:50:05.577
For example, many Arabs protected and sheltered Jewish people from the Nazi regime.
475
00:50:05.577 --> 00:50:09.372
In Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Egypt.

476
00:50:10.586 --> 00:50:14.117
But Arabs know nothing about them.

477
00:50:15.778 --> 00:50:17.234
The Jewish know of them!

478
00:50:17.234 --> 00:50:21.376
In the Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum, there are names of those people!

479
00:50:21.376 --> 00:50:27.328
In the Jewish jurisprudence, they believe that they are the most righteous nation.

480
00:50:27.328 --> 00:50:32.360
But there could be a few good people from other nations.

481
00:50:32.36 --> 00:50:35.064
They are called [speaks in Hebrew]

482
00:50:35.064 --> 00:50:37.635
This means good people from other nations.

483
00:50:37.635 --> 00:50:40.970
There are Tunisian, Algerian, and Moroccan people among them.

484
00:50:40.97 --> 00:50:47.013
So, we must keep in mind that our disputes with the Jewish aren’t about the creed.

485
00:50:47.013 --> 00:50:55.065
The book ‘The Hidden Treasures of the Talmud Rules’ was written by a Nazi doctor!

486
00:51:00.171 --> 00:51:08.088
And it has nothing to do with Talmud, but it is an anti-Talmud publication of
literature.

487
00:51:08.088 --> 00:51:14.659
Historically, Christianity did burn the Talmud in history!

488
00:51:14.659 --> 00:51:19.014
Although the current Talmud appeared by a Christian

489
00:51:19.014 --> 00:51:22.240
in the 15th century at the beginning of the Renaissance.

490
00:51:22.24 --> 00:51:31.206
The other book, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, was done by Cesarean
Intelligence, as experts know.

491
00:51:33.517 --> 00:51:35.590
I am not even mentioning My Struggle.

492
00:51:35.59 --> 00:51:46.600
So, will such knowledge help the Arab citizens understand Judaism, Israel, and
their reactions?

493
00:51:46.6 --> 00:51:47.866
Never!

494
00:51:49.354 --> 00:51:57.753
In the 60s, the military dispute with Israel

495
00:51:57.753 --> 00:52:08.280
didn’t motivate the systems to establish centers of Jewish studies.

496
00:52:08.28 --> 00:52:12.161
When did this trauma sink in? After the 1967 defeat!

497
00:52:13.627 --> 00:52:16.695
Some Egyptian military and intelligence people said

498
00:52:16.695 --> 00:52:25.600
Abdel Nasser visited Egyptian Intelligence headquarters after 67 to see the Israeli
generals' faces.

499
00:52:25.6 --> 00:52:29.136
And there were translation efforts in the Arab League,

500
00:52:29.136 --> 00:52:32.160
which activated Hebrew language departments!

501
00:52:32.16 --> 00:52:36.414
There was an attempt to establish a scientific perception.

502
00:52:36.414 --> 00:52:45.000
The problem was most of these efforts by Egyptian, Iraqis, and Syrians

503
00:52:45.0 --> 00:52:48.962
were utilized in the intelligence and security sectors.

504
00:52:48.962 --> 00:52:52.224
The academic system didn’t benefit from it.

505
00:52:53.674 --> 00:52:59.196
Besides, such departments were seen as a fifth column!

506
00:52:59.196 --> 00:53:04.180
And they were marginalized by the academic establishment.

507
00:53:04.18 --> 00:53:15.520
Dr. Rashad Al-Shami died in sorrow because he couldn’t establish a Jewish and
Israeli studies center.

508
00:53:15.52 --> 00:53:19.763
Anyway, in the Arab world, there are only three centers!

509
00:53:20.911 --> 00:53:26.720
Although the conflict started in 1948, there were only three centers, and one
faded!

510
00:53:26.72 --> 00:53:32.978
Which is the Palestine Research Centre in Beirut, and it was led by Yazid Sayigh.

511
00:53:32.978 --> 00:53:39.356
He had a tense relationship with President Arafat for a long time.

512
00:53:39.356 --> 00:53:45.953
When Beirut was invaded, Ariel Sharon took most of the center’s contents to Israel,

513
00:53:45.953 --> 00:53:50.247
while the rest were taken to storage in Algeria.

514
00:53:50.247 --> 00:53:52.511
So, the Research Center ended,

515
00:53:52.511 --> 00:53:57.475
and gave us the best experts in Jewish and Israeli matters

516
00:53:57.475 --> 00:54:01.425
Some of them are still notable in the field.

517
00:54:01.425 --> 00:54:08.029
We have the Madar Center in Ramallah, a private research institution,
518
00:54:08.029 --> 00:54:11.600
and Alzaytouna Center in Gaza,

519
00:54:11.6 --> 00:54:17.120
and the Palestine Research Centre between Beirut and the US.

520
00:54:17.2 --> 00:54:18.705
These are all we got!

521
00:54:19.915 --> 00:54:21.579
-Just these?
-Just them.

522
00:54:21.579 --> 00:54:25.741
It is part of the interests of the Ahram Center of Strategic Studies.

523
00:54:25.741 --> 00:54:28.688
But it doesn’t live up!

524
00:54:28.688 --> 00:54:31.607
I have old statistics, and I’ve mentioned this several times.

525
00:54:31.607 --> 00:54:36.889
In the 90s, Israel had around 35 Arabic-Islamic research centers that studied the
world from Morocco to Tashkent.

526
00:54:38.539 --> 00:54:41.855
Some belong to the Ministry of foreign affairs, and others to universities.

527
00:54:41.855 --> 00:54:45.992
I did research on Arabic-Islamic studies in the eight Israeli universities.

528
00:54:45.992 --> 00:54:56.360
Some of them are conducted by the Israel Ministry of Defense.

529
00:54:56.36 --> 00:54:58.197
How about today?

530
00:54:58.873 --> 00:55:08.296
There is an absolute disproportion between the Israeli efforts to understand the
Arab world.

531
00:55:08.296 --> 00:55:10.921
I’m not even talking about Islamic studies.
532
00:55:11.64 --> 00:55:16.825
If I did, you’d be left in awe!

533
00:55:18.561 --> 00:55:21.877
The best studies regarding Islam…

534
00:55:21.877 --> 00:55:32.588
Saying ‘best’ means thorough research in the Arab world that combines history,
literature, and history.

535
00:55:33.549 --> 00:55:45.043
In fact, I’m about to translate an Israeli book about Medina (Yathrib), which they
have many studies about.

536
00:55:46.251 --> 00:55:55.989
The best productions are from the American Princeton, the British Oxford, and the
Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

537
00:55:55.989 --> 00:56:00.158
The latter was established before Israel’s occupation in 1925.

538
00:56:00.158 --> 00:56:02.631
The academic project was there before the state was created!

539
00:56:05.647 --> 00:56:17.184
And many magazines like the Journal of Asian and African Studies from Oxford,

540
00:56:17.184 --> 00:56:20.083
and the Journal of Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam.

541
00:56:21.943 --> 00:56:26.409
Naturally, I keep up with Israeli publications.

542
00:56:26.409 --> 00:56:32.622
I used to write in an Omani newspaper a monthly report on Israeli productions about
the Arab world.

543
00:56:34.577 --> 00:56:41.349
Comparing both cases, they aren’t consistent!

544
00:56:41.349 --> 00:56:47.688
Although there are security, scientific, political, and economic motives!

545
00:56:48.767 --> 00:56:51.879
With financial and specialist potential!

546
00:56:53.245 --> 00:56:57.993
It’s like Ibn Hazm’s words are never heard!

547
00:56:59.542 --> 00:57:03.157
This is what makes me frustrated at this age!

548
00:57:05.418 --> 00:57:09.240
Which is knowing what will happen in the future!

549
00:57:10.327 --> 00:57:14.998
This long-time negligence will lead to severe consequences!

550
00:57:14.998 --> 00:57:20.413
Severe political, military, and religious consequences.

551
00:57:20.413 --> 00:57:26.763
The best example is what we see today in the Arab world, which is the normalization
with Israel.

552
00:57:26.763 --> 00:57:34.026
It may have political justification, but it overlooked the religious, cultural, and
academic aspects.

553
00:57:34.026 --> 00:57:41.332
They don’t know the essence of the Zion project that started with Theodor Herzl
until today

554
00:57:41.332 --> 00:57:48.314
alongside the Abraham Accords, which I talked about its religious danger

555
00:57:48.314 --> 00:57:53.960
that will lead to severe consequences.

556
00:57:53.96 --> 00:57:57.655
We will discuss it later, but now…

557
00:57:57.655 --> 00:58:02.691
We discussed some of the contexts of our understanding of the Jewish,

558
00:58:02.691 --> 00:58:05.868
and I would like to know their perception.

559
00:58:05.868 --> 00:58:10.417
But before that, you said that

560
00:58:11.519 --> 00:58:16.317
we are facing a nation that wrote its own history.

561
00:58:17.641 --> 00:58:22.939
Didn’t all nations write their own history?

562
00:58:22.939 --> 00:58:26.840
How come you specified them?

563
00:58:26.84 --> 00:58:35.092
It is a reasonable question, but I wanted to explain a small difference.

564
00:58:35.092 --> 00:58:47.638
If you open the Encyclopaedia of Islam, which holds the Islamic culture and
literature,

565
00:58:47.638 --> 00:58:49.376
Who wrote it?

566
00:58:49.876 --> 00:58:53.155
You’d find writings from all over the world!

567
00:58:53.155 --> 00:59:00.043
The Chinese, French, German, English, Tunisian, and the Indians wrote it!

568
00:59:01.155 --> 00:59:05.720
But open the Encyclopaedia of Judaism, and you will only find Jewish people's
writings!

569
00:59:05.72 --> 00:59:09.085
You won’t find a non-Jewish person’s writing!

570
00:59:09.889 --> 00:59:13.313
This is a simple modern model.

571
00:59:14.186 --> 00:59:18.601
But what I said was about the Torah specifically.

572
00:59:18.601 --> 00:59:25.811
The history of ancient Bani Israel,

573
00:59:25.811 --> 00:59:29.377
so we don’t confuse Israelis with Bani Israel,
574
00:59:29.377 --> 00:59:34.749
and the history of Hebrews is in the Torah.

575
00:59:36.434 --> 00:59:47.247
But the Torah is a Jewish text that presents the Jewish own narrative of their
history.

576
00:59:48.135 --> 00:59:55.549
Until recently, we could only access Jewish history through the Jewish themselves.

577
00:59:56.267 --> 01:00:02.668
The Assyrian annals and the ancient Egyptian texts were discovered lately.

578
01:00:02.668 --> 01:00:06.060
But for a long time, even the expression Semitic

579
01:00:06.06 --> 01:00:09.241
was known to German scholars through the Torah texts.

580
01:00:10.31 --> 01:00:18.742
So, our window to Jewish history is written by Jewish hands.

581
01:00:18.742 --> 01:00:23.291
When I said this, I wanted to clarify an important point.

582
01:00:23.291 --> 01:00:31.942
It applies to Arabic Islamic studies, but some overlook that it applies to Jewish
studies and history.

583
01:00:31.942 --> 01:00:37.784
Saying that they wrote their own history, I meant they wrote what they wanted to
believe had happened,

584
01:00:39.16 --> 01:00:44.080
or what they thought had happened

585
01:00:44.08 --> 01:00:46.982
or wanted to believe that it had happened,

586
01:00:47.96 --> 01:00:55.120
or wanted other people or future generations to believe it had happened.

587
01:00:55.12 --> 01:01:03.111
The Torah presents a Jewish narrative written by Jewish people about Israel's
history.

588
01:01:03.111 --> 01:01:06.701
We all know that writing differs from recording.

589
01:01:06.701 --> 01:01:10.563
Writing is done by hand, but records are kept in memory

590
01:01:10.563 --> 01:01:16.412
which is forgetful and selective of one narrative over another.

591
01:01:16.412 --> 01:01:21.575
The Torah is a record of the Jewish history.

592
01:01:21.575 --> 01:01:29.569
The recording process is deceiving in all languages and nations, which applies to
Muslims too.

593
01:01:29.569 --> 01:01:39.105
But reading the Torah, we must remember that it is a Jewish narrative written by
Jewish people

594
01:01:39.105 --> 01:01:41.825
about what they thought had happened

595
01:01:41.825 --> 01:01:47.000
or wanted to believe had happened or thought it to be thought had happened by
others.

596
01:01:47.0 --> 01:01:48.687
Because recording is different from writing.

597
01:01:48.687 --> 01:01:55.502
Recording relies on memory, which is forgetful and selective.

598
01:01:55.502 --> 01:02:02.436
This is what I meant
to alert anyone interested in Jewish history that they are reading a narrative.

599
01:02:02.436 --> 01:02:05.399
A narrative that survived, among other narratives.

600
01:02:05.399 --> 01:02:14.806
The archaeological study of Jewish history indicated that the Torah's history is
sacred, not professional!
601
01:02:14.806 --> 01:02:16.121
What’s the difference?

602
01:02:16.121 --> 01:02:21.303
Sacred history is written for religious and theological purposes.

603
01:02:21.303 --> 01:02:25.247
To defend a certain religious perception.

604
01:02:25.247 --> 01:02:36.617
For example, the crossing and parting of the sea and other events in the Torah
texts.

605
01:02:36.617 --> 01:02:46.822
The modern archaeological studies on the old testament have other different
explanations.

606
01:02:46.822 --> 01:02:52.280
Which negates many Torah narratives.

607
01:02:52.28 --> 01:02:58.520
-But we have it in the Islamic narrative!
-Of course, but this is another subject.

608
01:02:58.52 --> 01:03:05.539
I wrote an article titled: Why Muslims Fear Historical Criticism?

609
01:03:06.72 --> 01:03:08.089
In which I tackled this subject.

610
01:03:08.089 --> 01:03:13.102
Through my reading of Jewish texts and Christian culture,

611
01:03:13.72 --> 01:03:20.201
I found that Muslims rejoice at the criticism of the Torah and Jewish history.

612
01:03:21.155 --> 01:03:25.628
They are satisfied by the fact that Torah is altered.

613
01:03:25.628 --> 01:03:27.721
It is the same regarding Christianity.

614
01:03:27.721 --> 01:03:33.834
The fact that Torah and Bible were altered is celebrated.
615
01:03:33.834 --> 01:03:43.317
But when these approaches are applied to Muslim history,

616
01:03:44.843 --> 01:03:49.401
they stop, fear, and worry!

617
01:03:49.401 --> 01:03:52.329
It has been like this for two centuries!

618
01:03:52.329 --> 01:03:58.574
But the alteration of the Torah is mentioned in the Quran.

619
01:03:58.574 --> 01:04:02.085
Which makes this idea acceptable.

620
01:04:02.085 --> 01:04:16.108
As for Hadith, the approaches were strict on tracing its validity,

621
01:04:16.108 --> 01:04:21.391
but it could be debated.

622
01:04:21.391 --> 01:04:25.298
But the Quran was promised to be preserved.

623
01:04:25.298 --> 01:04:28.797
So, it couldn’t be treated the same!

624
01:04:28.797 --> 01:04:33.949
This is our disagreement point, but this is the forbidden zone

625
01:04:33.949 --> 01:04:41.447
that needs calmness and eloquence, as Al-Jahiz said.

626
01:04:41.447 --> 01:04:44.050
We’ll discuss the alteration topic.

627
01:04:45.517 --> 01:04:53.584
The alteration you referred to was taken in the late stages of Islamic history.

628
01:04:53.584 --> 01:05:03.359
In the first and second centuries, for a longer period, it was debatable.

629
01:05:03.359 --> 01:05:06.628
But what you mentioned is what remained in the Islamic perception.
630
01:05:06.628 --> 01:05:10.956
For example, the Quran mentioned…

631
01:05:10.956 --> 01:05:21.314
I will further explain this matter because I want the listener to be convinced of
the reasonability of what I will say.

632
01:05:21.314 --> 01:05:24.569
Not the factuality, but the reasonability!

633
01:05:25.891 --> 01:05:31.807
In this matter, the Quran uses five words to describe the Torah.

634
01:05:33.203 --> 01:05:38.081
The word ‘distort’ in “who distort the Book with their tongues.”

635
01:05:38.827 --> 01:05:48.717
The words: fabricated, altered, changed, and another one.

636
01:05:48.717 --> 01:05:52.333
Five words are used by the Quran in this matter.

637
01:05:53.486 --> 01:05:59.581
Is the alteration meant for the manner of the words?

638
01:06:02.077 --> 01:06:03.799
My answer: no!

639
01:06:04.605 --> 01:06:11.283
Looking at what the Muslims wrote throughout history,

640
01:06:11.283 --> 01:06:18.240
we will find that saying alteration was done to words is a marginal idea.

641
01:06:20.028 --> 01:06:27.708
The most known person to defend this idea is Ibn Hazm in his Al-Fisal book.

642
01:06:28.761 --> 01:06:35.298
He wrote the book to explain that the alteration of the Torah was done to words.

643
01:06:37.28 --> 01:06:47.041
He said the alteration was definitive because it was found in five texts, then two,
then one text.
644
01:06:47.824 --> 01:06:50.524
The text is called Haazinu, and it is known to specialists.

645
01:06:50.524 --> 01:06:54.330
But compared to the current texts, there’s not much difference.

646
01:06:54.33 --> 01:07:02.985
He was met with objections by his peers, Al-Andalus scholars, and the Maliki
scholars led by Judge Al-Jayyani.

647
01:07:03.485 --> 01:07:09.563
He called what Ibn Hazm did: the predicament.

648
01:07:09.563 --> 01:07:13.840
He said to Ibn Hazm, “You have put yourself in an inescapable predicament.”

649
01:07:14.451 --> 01:07:21.670
Because in order to prove the alteration, you must have the original text to
compare it with.

650
01:07:21.67 --> 01:07:25.945
Which cannot be done, so he put himself in a predicament.

651
01:07:25.945 --> 01:07:33.166
There is another intellectual person who leads an ideology, Ibn Khaldun.

652
01:07:33.166 --> 01:07:42.263
He said in a famous text, “A nation wouldn’t have its descent book altered.”

653
01:07:42.263 --> 01:07:48.660
So, logically, a nation that believes its book is sacred wouldn’t mess with it!

654
01:07:48.66 --> 01:07:57.918
A nation wouldn’t have its descent book altered unless it was due to negligence or
lack of maintenance.

655
01:07:57.918 --> 01:08:03.432
Which is writing errors and such reoccurring mistakes in all books.

656
01:08:03.432 --> 01:08:13.752
There is a large study in the Jewish tradition called the Thirteen Scribes Errors,

657
01:08:13.752 --> 01:08:16.617
which was known and discussed by Ibn Hazm.
658
01:08:16.617 --> 01:08:21.928
When a person specializes in such matters,

659
01:08:21.928 --> 01:08:27.253
he understands the debatable nature of the common perceptions.

660
01:08:27.253 --> 01:08:38.640
We spoke about the Jewish people, and I would like to further discuss their modern
culture.

661
01:08:38.64 --> 01:08:42.640
But before this, I would like to establish some information.

662
01:08:42.64 --> 01:08:45.929
Who are the Jewish people?

663
01:08:47.401 --> 01:08:49.712
There are three classifications.

664
01:08:51.099 --> 01:09:00.001
Hebrews, Banu Israel, and Jewish, and they all are different from each other.

665
01:09:00.001 --> 01:09:02.094
Three different types?

666
01:09:02.094 --> 01:09:05.523
The specialist must understand the difference.

667
01:09:05.523 --> 01:09:10.104
The Hebrews have nothing to do with the Judaism of today.

668
01:09:10.104 --> 01:09:14.664
Hebrews origin is a historical controversy.

669
01:09:14.664 --> 01:09:18.177
Is it derived from ‘eber’ or ‘ever’ or so?

670
01:09:18.177 --> 01:09:20.046
They were nomadic people.

671
01:09:21.613 --> 01:09:26.974
Some want to associate them with Ibrahim’s journey.

672
01:09:26.974 --> 01:09:34.547
While Banu Israel are the people who were in Egypt.

673
01:09:36.815 --> 01:09:42.200
They are called Bani Israel in Hebrew.

674
01:09:42.2 --> 01:09:47.266
As for the Jewish, as a term, it came with the captivity.

675
01:09:47.266 --> 01:09:49.547
-With what?
-The Babylonian captivity.

676
01:09:49.547 --> 01:09:56.240
We cannot talk about Judaism without mentioning the Babylonian captivity.

677
01:09:56.24 --> 01:10:01.523
Because the forming of religion means forming institutions.

678
01:10:02.398 --> 01:10:06.563
An appearance, rules, jurisprudence, institutions, and synagogue.

679
01:10:06.563 --> 01:10:11.061
Whatever was before that was primitive.

680
01:10:11.061 --> 01:10:18.327
But Judaism, as a religious institution, resembles the church of Christianity.

681
01:10:18.327 --> 01:10:21.944
There became rules of lawful and unlawful.

682
01:10:21.944 --> 01:10:25.217
It was all established during the diaspora.

683
01:10:25.217 --> 01:10:29.414
It is perceived as a diaspora in the Jewish history.

684
01:10:29.414 --> 01:10:35.909
For the Jewish, there were five diasporas and two temple destructions.

685
01:10:35.909 --> 01:10:43.054
This must be clarified, Judaism started with the Babylonian captivity.

686
01:10:43.054 --> 01:10:46.108
The Jewish and Judaism after this period is what we will discuss.
687
01:10:46.108 --> 01:10:49.284
The Quran mentioned the Jewish in an indefinite manner several times,

688
01:10:49.284 --> 01:10:53.534
and it was mentioned as definite terms a couple of times.

689
01:10:53.534 --> 01:10:56.666
This must be clarified.

690
01:10:56.666 --> 01:11:04.860
Traditional Judaism relies on a book, the Torah.

691
01:11:04.86 --> 01:11:08.728
But, generally speaking,

692
01:11:08.728 --> 01:11:17.233
the traditional Torah, which is taken by the majority of Jewish people today

693
01:11:17.233 --> 01:11:27.279
It is known as the Masorah version, finalized by the Masorah scholars

694
01:11:27.279 --> 01:11:31.059
according to Ibn Asher’s criticism school.

695
01:11:31.059 --> 01:11:38.320
It continued for a thousand years AD, nearly nine centuries.

696
01:11:38.32 --> 01:11:42.597
The Torah texts history is long.

697
01:11:42.597 --> 01:11:46.481
It started from the eighth century BC to the second century AD.

698
01:11:46.481 --> 01:11:54.934
It took a long time to form the final Torah known now to the Jewish.

699
01:11:54.934 --> 01:11:59.262
It consists of 24 books,

700
01:11:59.96 --> 01:12:05.907
or 22 books due to merging four books into two books

701
01:12:05.907 --> 01:12:12.609
for a symbolic purpose which is having 22 books like the Hebrew 22 letters.
702
01:12:12.609 --> 01:12:15.625
Five of them are the Sefer Torah.

703
01:12:16.7 --> 01:12:22.665
As well as the eleven books of Prophets and the eight books of Writings.

704
01:12:22.665 --> 01:12:31.960
So, the sum of 5, 11, and 8 is the number of the Torah books.

705
01:12:31.96 --> 01:12:41.625
These books aren’t the Samaritan Torah, which consists of six books.

706
01:12:41.625 --> 01:12:45.708
As well as the Greek Torah, which is written in the Greek language

707
01:12:45.708 --> 01:12:53.842
and was translated during the Ptolemaic era and the Greek presence in Egypt after
Alexander.

708
01:12:53.842 --> 01:13:01.071
And there is a Latin version called Vulgate.

709
01:13:01.071 --> 01:13:15.640
Many versions, but the official version of traditional Jewish worship is the
Masorah Torah.

710
01:13:15.64 --> 01:13:21.776
As well as another academic version, the Biblia Stuttgartensia

711
01:13:21.776 --> 01:13:25.148
because it was created in Stuttgart city in Germany.

712
01:13:25.148 --> 01:13:30.720
It is an edited version, and we may discuss the revision process.

713
01:13:30.72 --> 01:13:41.285
Modern science attempted to create a scholarly version that originated historical
text criticism.

714
01:13:41.285 --> 01:13:45.249
These were the main points about the Torah.

715
01:13:45.249 --> 01:13:56.149
I would like to clarify something, which is the fact that Muslims don’t
differentiate between the Torah in Quran and the Jewish Torah.

716
01:13:56.149 --> 01:14:05.161
Many refer to Quran’s Torah as the Jewish Torah.

717
01:14:05.161 --> 01:14:12.337
So, the word Torah in Hebrew means either 22 books or 5 books, depending on the
context.

718
01:14:12.337 --> 01:14:18.024
A Jewish could say Torah referring to the five books and can refer to the Torah in
its entirety.

719
01:14:18.024 --> 01:14:26.400
To specify, they would say The Five Books Torah (Chumash).

720
01:14:26.4 --> 01:14:32.790
Or Tanakh, Nevi’im, or Ketuvim (the writings).

721
01:14:32.79 --> 01:14:38.055
Tanakh means 24 books, and Torah could refer to five books or all books.

722
01:14:38.055 --> 01:14:46.568
Many Muslims refer to Torah by saying Book of Genesis, Book of Numbers, or Book of
Exodus.

723
01:14:46.568 --> 01:14:50.579
But these titles are Greek, not from the Torah.

724
01:14:50.579 --> 01:14:55.218
The Muslims acquired them from the Christian community.

725
01:14:55.218 --> 01:15:00.214
Either through the Nestorians, the Christians of Baghdad.

726
01:15:00.214 --> 01:15:04.960
or through modern translations.

727
01:15:04.96 --> 01:15:09.458
Because the Jewish don’t use these terms, so they originated from translations.

728
01:15:09.458 --> 01:15:14.539
By the way, there is no original Torah version.

729
01:15:14.539 --> 01:15:16.360
Never!

730
01:15:16.36 --> 01:15:19.000
This Torah is composed of many versions.

731
01:15:19.0 --> 01:15:24.471
There are old versions, one of which was in Russia.

732
01:15:24.471 --> 01:15:36.918
The oldest version, the Book Isaiah, was found in 1947 in the Qumran caves.

733
01:15:36.918 --> 01:15:43.531
It belonged to the Emirate of Transjordan.

734
01:15:44.364 --> 01:15:52.605
A shepherd followed his sheep, and one was lost in a cave.

735
01:15:53.174 --> 01:15:58.614
So, he threw some rocks to get it out but heard an echo of the stone.

736
01:15:59.19 --> 01:16:07.083
He found vessels, which are considered the greatest discovery of the modern age.

737
01:16:07.973 --> 01:16:13.750
Because it provided the oldest texts of Jewish-Christianity and Torah texts.

738
01:16:13.75 --> 01:16:18.545
He didn’t know its value so he sold them to antiquities traders.

739
01:16:18.545 --> 01:16:23.198
But a British Jewish person called Solomon Schechter.

740
01:16:23.198 --> 01:16:31.347
He knew its value, purchased them, and moved much of them to Britain and the US.

741
01:16:31.347 --> 01:16:34.771
It was kept from the public until Bill Clinton's days,

742
01:16:34.771 --> 01:16:37.983
but before that, it was restrictedly accessible to specialists.

743
01:16:37.983 --> 01:16:44.576
The point is that there’s no original version of the Torah,
instead, it’s composed of many copies.
744
01:16:44.576 --> 01:16:52.008
It is an area of research.
It must be clarified for the people interested in this field.

745
01:16:52.008 --> 01:16:59.520
Judaism relies on this text and other things like the covenant.

746
01:16:59.52 --> 01:17:11.400
‘The chosen people’ could be interpreted as superiority or humbleness.

747
01:17:11.4 --> 01:17:23.724
The message was offered to skies and mountains, but they rejected it, so the Jewish
took it upon themselves.

748
01:17:23.724 --> 01:17:25.879
Therefore, they are the chosen people.

749
01:17:25.879 --> 01:17:33.560
As well as the Promised Land.

750
01:17:33.56 --> 01:17:36.640
How did the ‘chosen people concept’ originate?

751
01:17:36.64 --> 01:17:42.033
It started with the covenant of Israel’s God with Ibrahim.

752
01:17:42.033 --> 01:17:50.640
Ibrahim’s journey out of Ur, nearby Shatt Al-Arab.

753
01:17:50.64 --> 01:17:55.953
He went alone, then with his family, on a long journey.

754
01:17:57.048 --> 01:18:06.785
On his journey, he was promised land, an abundance of offspring, and the chosen
descendants.

755
01:18:06.785 --> 01:18:12.025
These three terms were restated many times.

756
01:18:13.61 --> 01:18:19.200
With Ibrahim, Isaac, Jacob, and Moses.

757
01:18:19.2 --> 01:18:24.676
Restating covenants, like renewing contracts.
758
01:18:24.676 --> 01:18:28.322
These are the essential concepts.

759
01:18:28.322 --> 01:18:34.683
The chosen people, and the covenant which is represented by circumcision.

760
01:18:34.683 --> 01:18:44.083
The tradition of ancient Middle Eastern kings to stamp covenants with blood.

761
01:18:45.645 --> 01:18:50.372
They cut themselves and sign them.

762
01:18:51.323 --> 01:18:58.330
So, Circumcision is a remembrance of the covenant.
A cut in one’s body to remember.

763
01:18:58.33 --> 01:19:05.181
It is called [speaks in Hebrew], but the uncircumcised is called (aghral) in
Arabic.

764
01:19:05.181 --> 01:19:13.508
It is the covenant between Israel’s god with Israel.

765
01:19:13.508 --> 01:19:22.692
The god of Israel was unknown to Israel by name until they were in Egypt, according
to Torah.

766
01:19:22.692 --> 01:19:32.489
The Torah didn’t name the god before that, but instead, it said, “Yours and your
fathers' god.”

767
01:19:33.483 --> 01:19:42.310
If he was asked about his name, he would say, “I am who I am.”

768
01:19:43.617 --> 01:19:55.136
In Exodus, he said his name was Yahweh.

769
01:19:55.136 --> 01:20:06.880
But it is unlawful to pronounce it for the Jewish.
Instead, they say Adonai (my lord).

770
01:20:06.88 --> 01:20:13.102
But they never pronounce it because it's without diacritics.

771
01:20:13.102 --> 01:20:17.458
Pronouncing it is considered a great sin.

772
01:20:17.458 --> 01:20:21.955
And it would only be pronounced in the temple.

773
01:20:21.955 --> 01:20:27.916
In a sacred place of the temple, said by (Kohen Gadol) the great priest.

774
01:20:27.916 --> 01:20:32.854
And since there’s no temple, and it must be rebuilt,

775
01:20:32.854 --> 01:20:36.241
a large part of Jewish legislation is hindered.

776
01:20:37.833 --> 01:20:45.495
I've always told my students that this temple will rise on the ruins of Al-Aqsa
Mosque.

777
01:20:45.495 --> 01:20:50.242
This is the Jewish inevitability of the Torah. Arabs should understand this!

778
01:20:50.242 --> 01:20:52.474
Politicians should understand this!

779
01:20:52.474 --> 01:20:58.744
The Jewish won’t stop unless this temple is built

780
01:21:00.0 --> 01:21:02.918
because part of their legislation is hindered.

781
01:21:03.835 --> 01:21:09.321
Unless this temple was rebuilt after the first and second destruction.

782
01:21:09.321 --> 01:21:12.261
-It won’t be built unless...
-Naturally!

783
01:21:12.261 --> 01:21:20.623
The Jewish narrative says the Aqsa Mosque was built on the temple’s ruins.

784
01:21:20.623 --> 01:21:27.200
Every Sunday, there’s a search for the remaining evidence of it.

785
01:21:27.2 --> 01:21:31.539
-What is the nature of this temple?
-It is the temple that Sulayman built.

786
01:21:31.539 --> 01:21:40.923
Which is where the legislative court would be conducted,

787
01:21:40.923 --> 01:21:44.474
or the Jewish Ministry of Justice.

788
01:21:44.474 --> 01:21:47.481
Jurisprudential justice is hindered.

789
01:21:47.481 --> 01:21:50.878
Judaism used other temporary forms of legislation.

790
01:21:50.878 --> 01:22:00.045
But they wait for the rebuilding of the temple to resume the function of religious
institutions.

791
01:22:00.045 --> 01:22:02.521
As for the land...

792
01:22:02.521 --> 01:22:06.093
Before the land, what is the covenant?

793
01:22:06.093 --> 01:22:11.642
As I said l, “I will give you an eternal land for you and your descendants,”

794
01:22:11.642 --> 01:22:29.400
This covenant is with Isaac’s descendants, an eternal, unbreakable covenant.

795
01:22:29.4 --> 01:22:32.928
So, according to the covenant, they were promised the land.

796
01:22:32.928 --> 01:22:34.441
Which land?

797
01:22:34.441 --> 01:22:42.111
This land wasn’t specified when Ibrahim started the journey,

798
01:22:42.111 --> 01:22:46.002
he was promised to be shown the land later.

799
01:22:47.477 --> 01:22:55.127
According to the Torah, this land will be foreign to Ibrahim.
800
01:22:56.332 --> 01:23:01.322
This land had Hittites, Amorites, and many others.

801
01:23:01.322 --> 01:23:14.800
It had the Amalekites or the Philistines, not the Palestinians.

802
01:23:14.8 --> 01:23:19.753
They were from the Aegean people.

803
01:23:19.753 --> 01:23:22.398
This land is the land of Canaan.

804
01:23:22.398 --> 01:23:28.265
Even the ancient Hebrew was called the Tongue of Canaan.

805
01:23:29.128 --> 01:23:31.414
The Torah states the fact of the land’s foreignness.

806
01:23:32.581 --> 01:23:41.560
Jacob went back from Egypt to buy land to bury his wife Rahil.

807
01:23:42.706 --> 01:23:45.963
But there was no mention of a promised land in the Torah,

808
01:23:45.963 --> 01:23:56.277
it was implied, but the ‘promised’ as a term doesn’t exist in the Torah.

809
01:23:56.277 --> 01:24:00.364
An eternal land was promised to be given.

810
01:24:00.364 --> 01:24:09.947
I want to clarify an important idea to the listeners, which I always clarify to my
students.

811
01:24:11.488 --> 01:24:17.901
This land must be earned by force before it is promised.

812
01:24:18.975 --> 01:24:21.724
In French, it is called ‘terre promise et terre conquise’

813
01:24:21.724 --> 01:24:23.913
A conquered land.

814
01:24:23.913 --> 01:24:28.465
You are promised the land, but by what means?

815
01:24:29.505 --> 01:24:35.865
The Torah and Talmud texts of the Middle Ages discuss several matters.

816
01:24:37.367 --> 01:24:48.042
Years ago, in a conference of the United Nations, the Israeli ambassador Danny
Danon…

817
01:24:49.225 --> 01:24:59.460
And the viewers can watch its video on YouTube with good quality.

818
01:25:00.0 --> 01:25:01.843
In international law's very territory,

819
01:25:02.84 --> 01:25:07.647
in which you must speak the international law language!

820
01:25:08.521 --> 01:25:13.257
The international law that allowed the creation of Israel by the 1947 Partition
Plan.

821
01:25:14.57 --> 01:25:23.627
He responded to a representative who reproached the Israeli violations

822
01:25:23.627 --> 01:25:26.318
How did Danny Danon respond?

823
01:25:26.318 --> 01:25:34.131
He took a Torah book, wore the Kippa, and recited from the Genesis book.

824
01:25:34.131 --> 01:25:37.117
A famous text:

825
01:25:37.117 --> 01:25:45.950
“I am giving all this land, as far as you can see, to you and your descendants as a
permanent possession.”

826
01:25:47.231 --> 01:25:51.881
He said that this religious text was their ownership certificate!

827
01:25:53.702 --> 01:25:55.603
A religious text!

828
01:25:55.603 --> 01:26:03.291
Imagine an Arab Muslim ambassador raising the Quran and saying, “My righteous
servants shall inherit the land”!

829
01:26:05.063 --> 01:26:07.072
The peak of arrogance!

830
01:26:08.081 --> 01:26:13.673
The ambassador of the state that was created by the Partition Plan

831
01:26:13.673 --> 01:26:20.990
raised the Torah as the ownership certificate!

832
01:26:20.99 --> 01:26:33.923
Islam has two major branches, Sunnah and Shia, and many schools.

833
01:26:33.923 --> 01:26:37.376
-Is there such a thing in Judaism?
-Of course!

834
01:26:37.376 --> 01:26:41.778
“The Jews split into seventy-one sects, all in hell, except one”

835
01:26:41.778 --> 01:26:45.134
This Hadith is about the splitting.

836
01:26:48.186 --> 01:26:52.948
The surviving sects’ Hadith started by the Jewish ones.

837
01:26:52.948 --> 01:27:06.377
Looking at Jewish history, the first split happened after David and Solomon’s
stage.

838
01:27:06.377 --> 01:27:11.246
They split into two kingdoms,
the Kingdom of Israel in the north and the Kingdom of Judah in the south.

839
01:27:11.246 --> 01:27:20.804
This was the first split, which caused the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian
invasions,

840
01:27:20.804 --> 01:27:24.892
and later, the Greek and Roman invasions of this land.

841
01:27:24.892 --> 01:27:37.280
For example, in the Roman era, there were the Sadducees.
842
01:27:37.28 --> 01:27:46.716
And another sect, which Jesus belonged to

843
01:27:49.935 --> 01:27:52.464
I will try to remember its name

844
01:27:52.464 --> 01:27:55.433
Two or three sects

845
01:27:55.433 --> 01:27:57.705
I sometimes have memory gaps

846
01:27:57.705 --> 01:27:59.481
In the Islamic era…

847
01:27:59.481 --> 01:28:06.001
There were the Samaritans who were perceived as disbelievers.

848
01:28:06.001 --> 01:28:14.779
Because they were thought to be traitors for dealing with the Assyrians.

849
01:28:14.779 --> 01:28:18.498
There were strict rules against communicating with them.

850
01:28:18.498 --> 01:28:24.645
They reside in Nablus, Palestine, and they don’t acknowledge Jerusalem,

851
01:28:24.645 --> 01:28:32.461
but instead, Mount Gerizim near Nablus is considered a capital.

852
01:28:32.461 --> 01:28:35.055
And they have another Torah.

853
01:28:35.055 --> 01:28:41.381
The largest sect we know in Islamic history appeared in the third century, during
the Abbasid era.

854
01:28:41.381 --> 01:28:43.203
The Karaite Jewish sect, which is an important one.

855
01:28:43.865 --> 01:28:55.280
It was led by Anan ben David, who was a Karaite.

856
01:28:55.28 --> 01:29:01.217
They differ from the rest of the Jewish community by only believing in Torah, so
the Talmud is rejected.

857
01:29:01.217 --> 01:29:11.157
There are two types of Torah, the oral Torah, which is the Talmud,

858
01:29:11.157 --> 01:29:17.246
and the written Torah, which is the 24 books.

859
01:29:17.246 --> 01:29:22.000
-So, the Talmud is...
-The oral Torah.

860
01:29:22.0 --> 01:29:27.502
They reject the oral Torah but only accept the written Torah.

861
01:29:27.502 --> 01:29:34.007
So, they call themselves Benei Mikra, which is derived from the root ‘qara’ which
means ‘read’.

862
01:29:34.007 --> 01:29:36.732
They only believe in the Mikra, which is the readable Torah.

863
01:29:37.696 --> 01:29:48.960
They resemble the Zahiri school, which means they rely on the outward meaning of
expressions.

864
01:29:48.96 --> 01:29:50.748
And they have a controversy with the other Jewish sects.

865
01:29:50.748 --> 01:29:56.248
Anan ben David was influenced by Dawood Al-Zahiri in Baghdad.

866
01:29:57.54 --> 01:30:03.920
This sect produced many texts.

867
01:30:03.92 --> 01:30:07.131
Some of them, like Yaqub Qirqisani

868
01:30:07.131 --> 01:30:13.128
in his Book of Lights and Watch-Towers who was the only one who acknowledged the
Prophet’s prophecy.

869
01:30:13.128 --> 01:30:15.798
He said he was a true prophet, but he was the Arabs' Prophet.
870
01:30:17.609 --> 01:30:26.078
There was a conflict between the Rabbinic and Karaite Jewish groups during the
Middle Ages.

871
01:30:26.078 --> 01:30:32.891
When they were oppressed in Iraq after a revolution against some caliphs,

872
01:30:32.891 --> 01:30:44.752
they went to Al-Andalus along with the Umayyad people who took refuge there.

873
01:30:44.752 --> 01:30:49.927
Ibn Hazm, who was prominent in his Jewish debates,

874
01:30:49.927 --> 01:30:58.240
gained much of his knowledge in refuting Rabbinic Judaism from the Karaite

875
01:30:58.24 --> 01:31:06.320
who resided in Talavera and other parts of Al-Andalus.

876
01:31:06.32 --> 01:31:14.220
During the second world war, Nazism didn’t see them as Jewish because the Rabbinic
Jewish didn’t.

877
01:31:14.22 --> 01:31:22.215
So, Nazism couldn’t track them.

878
01:31:22.215 --> 01:31:30.379
They are very few now, less than 700 people same as the decreasing number of
Samaritans.

879
01:31:30.379 --> 01:31:41.216
There were many of them in Egypt in the Middle Ages and some of them in the US and
Israel.

880
01:31:41.832 --> 01:31:44.782
This was the largest split.

881
01:31:44.782 --> 01:31:56.258
Then, during the Jewish Enlightenment, other sects of the Jewish followed Orthodox
Judaism.

882
01:31:58.129 --> 01:32:00.767
Orthodox is a modern expression.

883
01:32:01.766 --> 01:32:03.474
As well as Liberal Judaism.

884
01:32:03.474 --> 01:32:08.239
These Jewish movements started with…

885
01:32:08.239 --> 01:32:15.401
It is important to be mentioned because it will lead us to discuss the modern age’s
Israel and Zionism.

886
01:32:15.401 --> 01:32:21.120
The Jewish history was a peaceful one.

887
01:32:22.222 --> 01:32:26.364
Until the 18th century,

888
01:32:26.364 --> 01:32:33.919
the Jewish person led a simple life by knowing the religious texts of the Torah and
rules only.

889
01:32:35.213 --> 01:32:41.009
Reading some jurists' texts and explanations of the Torah.

890
01:32:41.009 --> 01:32:44.492
They would be disturbed in the 18th century.

891
01:32:44.492 --> 01:32:57.522
Because the Enlightenment era started in Europe, in Berlin.

892
01:32:58.584 --> 01:33:03.522
The intellectual aspect of this era started in Germany.

893
01:33:03.522 --> 01:33:06.407
Later, there were social and political manifestations in France.

894
01:33:06.407 --> 01:33:08.154
As well as the philosophical one.

895
01:33:08.154 --> 01:33:13.202
The Enlightenment resulted from two previous movements.

896
01:33:13.202 --> 01:33:18.245
In the 17th century, there was the Copernican scientific revolution.

897
01:33:18.245 --> 01:33:23.990
Europe’s perception of the universe, physics, chemistry, and space was changing.
898
01:33:23.99 --> 01:33:30.001
But before that, another revolution was happening in Europe, which was the
Renaissance.

899
01:33:30.001 --> 01:33:39.419
The Renaissance, the Reform, and the Revolution are different concepts.

900
01:33:39.419 --> 01:33:43.692
The Italian Renaissance started in Genoa’s ports.

901
01:33:43.692 --> 01:33:56.105
It was an elite Renaissance, it didn’t reach common people.

902
01:33:56.105 --> 01:34:01.695
And it was under the Pope’s control, which means the church still had authority

903
01:34:01.695 --> 01:34:05.603
before the religious criticism.

904
01:34:07.261 --> 01:34:16.188
This Renaissance was aesthetically prosperous in art, architecture, and so.

905
01:34:17.93 --> 01:34:25.730
After the Renaissance, there was the scientific revolution.

906
01:34:25.73 --> 01:34:29.926
In the 18th century, a philosophical revolution was starting.

907
01:34:29.926 --> 01:34:33.928
It introduced new philosophical ideas.

908
01:34:33.928 --> 01:34:36.739
One of these ideas was the social contract,

909
01:34:36.739 --> 01:34:41.346
which states that the relationship between the ruler and the subject is
contractual.

910
01:34:42.839 --> 01:34:48.139
The nation concept was changing Europe.

911
01:34:48.139 --> 01:34:56.798
The social contract means the relationship between the ruler and the subject was
consensual.
912
01:34:57.703 --> 01:35:06.252
So, there was a revolution against the church, which led to the appearance of
Protestantism.

913
01:35:08.668 --> 01:35:13.243
Another concept of political philosophy was citizenship.

914
01:35:13.243 --> 01:35:18.699
A huge introduction to humanity, Islam, and Judaism.

915
01:35:18.699 --> 01:35:24.051
The good citizen isn’t mainly determined by religion.

916
01:35:24.051 --> 01:35:31.157
But instead, determined by performing his duties and claiming his rights.

917
01:35:31.157 --> 01:35:36.896
The average European human began to have rights and performed duties.

918
01:35:36.896 --> 01:35:42.701
One of the most asserted duties was paying taxes, for example.

919
01:35:43.392 --> 01:35:48.711
So, religion had no essential role in determining a good citizen.

920
01:35:49.689 --> 01:35:54.145
Which brought challenges to the minorities in Europe.

921
01:35:54.145 --> 01:35:56.988
Among which was the Jewish minority in Germany.

922
01:35:58.631 --> 01:36:09.107
In Germany, a very famous Moses Mendelssohn, father of the Jewish Enlightenment.

923
01:36:09.107 --> 01:36:17.892
There was a major enlightenment that emerged from the Christian tradition,

924
01:36:17.892 --> 01:36:24.762
in which there was a Jewish Enlightenment called Haskalah.

925
01:36:24.762 --> 01:36:35.733
Which means, in Hebrew, someone with an intellectual capacity.

926
01:36:35.733 --> 01:36:41.360
Moses Mendelssohn was facing a challenge

927
01:36:42.72 --> 01:36:49.074
while the citizenship and social contract concepts were creeping in.

928
01:36:49.074 --> 01:36:53.850
What will the Jewish who lived in the Ghetto do?

929
01:36:55.289 --> 01:36:58.347
It started a never-ending Jewish predicament.

930
01:36:58.347 --> 01:37:11.685
Ariel Sharon and the Revisionist Zionist leader Vladimir Jabotinsky expressed it.

931
01:37:11.685 --> 01:37:15.192
‘What are we going to do? Will we stay in the Ghetto or exit it to the world?

932
01:37:17.064 --> 01:37:21.528
The traditional Jewish religious figure concept will end.

933
01:37:21.528 --> 01:37:26.305
And another figure will emerge, the intellectual, a new concept.

934
01:37:26.305 --> 01:37:32.813
This intellectual will contribute to his age’s knowledge.

935
01:37:34.262 --> 01:37:38.884
The culture won’t be only religious but also musical,

936
01:37:38.884 --> 01:37:44.165
theatrical, philosophical and medicinal, and such worldly knowledge.

937
01:37:45.954 --> 01:37:53.829
Will the German Jewish accept a civil law steering his life?

938
01:37:54.934 --> 01:38:01.914
One of the things a Jewish cherishes is the Halakhah,

939
01:38:01.914 --> 01:38:11.680
which formed their whole life until their political presence in Palestine.

940
01:38:13.606 --> 01:38:18.552
They believe that their place in history is attributed to holding Jewish
regulations.
941
01:38:18.552 --> 01:38:30.334
Will their exit to the German state's laws melt them?

942
01:38:30.334 --> 01:38:37.134
A Jewish person’s eternal fear is of the melt, of blending in!

943
01:38:37.134 --> 01:38:42.120
A Jewish wants to stay Jewish in a different world.

944
01:38:42.12 --> 01:38:54.157
Even while living in Canaan land, they wanted to stand out

945
01:38:54.157 --> 01:39:01.072
by creating a jurisdictional system that keeps their privacy.

946
01:39:01.072 --> 01:39:07.866
So, Moses Mendelssohn was one of those who asked the Jewish to exit the Ghetto.

947
01:39:07.866 --> 01:39:13.167
And taking in a breath of fresh air and a new culture.

948
01:39:13.167 --> 01:39:21.546
He translated the Torah text into German.

949
01:39:21.546 --> 01:39:33.643
Trying to bring the Jewish closer to the Germans and Germanic culture.

950
01:39:34.999 --> 01:39:38.289
And he published books about this matter.

951
01:39:40.93 --> 01:39:46.184
But some conservatives wanted to stay the same because they were afraid.

952
01:39:46.184 --> 01:39:54.286
What’s interesting is that Moses Mendelssohn had two children who became
Christians!

953
01:39:55.293 --> 01:40:04.995
Like Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who wrote Émile about education but had homeless
children.

954
01:40:06.6 --> 01:40:11.459
So, two groups.
955
01:40:12.561 --> 01:40:16.356
A group wanted to stay, and a group wanted to enter the modern world.

956
01:40:17.418 --> 01:40:21.750
We gained a very important thing from this movement as Muslims.

957
01:40:23.286 --> 01:40:30.783
Some may know the names but don’t know the origin of it.

958
01:40:30.783 --> 01:40:39.692
The orientalists, from which the very famous to anyone interested in Islamic
studies, the prominent orientalist Goldziher.

959
01:40:40.438 --> 01:40:53.536
He and dozens of other orientalists came from Poland, Austria, Germany, and
Hungary.

960
01:40:53.536 --> 01:41:03.062
They belonged to a school called the Wisdom of Israel or, in German, Wissenschaft
des Judentums (Science of Judaism).

961
01:41:03.062 --> 01:41:09.986
A new science that aims to understand Judaism in a modern manner.

962
01:41:09.986 --> 01:41:19.329
The scholars who had the modern European mentality looked at Torah and Talmud
through a critical lens.

963
01:41:20.352 --> 01:41:26.184
They received a secularised education.

964
01:41:27.475 --> 01:41:33.615
They thought many Judaism aspects should end because they weren’t relevant to the
modern world.

965
01:41:34.446 --> 01:41:38.744
They studied Judaism history of all ages.

966
01:41:38.744 --> 01:41:43.609
And found that a large part of their history was connected to the Islamic world.

967
01:41:43.609 --> 01:41:46.797
So they specialized in Arabic-Islamic studies.

968
01:41:46.797 --> 01:41:54.802
This school produced the most prominent orientalists, and we learned a lot from
their knowledge.

969
01:41:54.802 --> 01:41:58.553
Especially on Islamic studies and text revisions.

970
01:42:00.001 --> 01:42:05.119
The classic Orientalism, before 1977.

971
01:42:05.119 --> 01:42:09.725
Because after that, classic Orientalism will end.

972
01:42:10.455 --> 01:42:14.155
But we rejected them!

973
01:42:14.155 --> 01:42:18.169
Either because they were Jewish or for their questioning of Islam.

974
01:42:18.169 --> 01:42:24.884
While many of them granted Muslims great services, at least in text revisions.

975
01:42:24.884 --> 01:42:27.273
Especially German orientalism.

976
01:42:27.273 --> 01:42:35.165
I had a German friend who knew the famous German orientalist Otto Spies.

977
01:42:35.165 --> 01:42:39.228
He said if you asked a German orientalist who is Aisha,

978
01:42:39.228 --> 01:42:42.836
he’d say, a feminine agent noun of a vowel-middle verb.

979
01:42:43.977 --> 01:42:48.571
This shows the established philological knowledge of Orientalists,

980
01:42:48.571 --> 01:42:50.974
which wasn't essentially about colonialism.

981
01:42:52.321 --> 01:42:59.730
These orientalists gave us great insight into texts we didn’t know in our decadent
ages.

982
01:43:00.375 --> 01:43:07.804
For example, Nöldeke wasn’t Jewish but belonged to this school.
983
01:43:07.804 --> 01:43:11.750
He studied creed, jurisprudence, and Hadith.

984
01:43:11.75 --> 01:43:16.157
This orientalism, which we owe so much

985
01:43:16.157 --> 01:43:23.893
The problem is that Muslims didn’t know that Orientalism wasn’t antagonistic as
they thought.

986
01:43:23.893 --> 01:43:31.447
Because classical Orientalism accepted the Islamic principle notions.

987
01:43:31.447 --> 01:43:43.440
For example, they criticized Hadith but took the principle of a true Hadith and a
false Hadith.

988
01:43:43.44 --> 01:43:46.553
They accepted the principle.

989
01:43:46.553 --> 01:43:50.894
They acknowledge the fact that Quran is a revelation, a descent book from heaven.

990
01:43:50.894 --> 01:43:58.777
But they debated the arrangement of verses and nature Surahs (Makki or Madani).

991
01:43:58.777 --> 01:44:03.681
Which was a debate Muslims had, and Sajastani’s book of Masahef is an example of
it.

992
01:44:05.92 --> 01:44:10.544
But classical orientalism will end in 1977,

993
01:44:10.544 --> 01:44:16.161
and another radical school will emerge and cause trouble to modern Islamic
perception.

994
01:44:16.161 --> 01:44:21.900
Due to the Haskalah Jewish movement,

995
01:44:21.9 --> 01:44:27.486
some Jewish will accept merging into the world, while others won’t.

996
01:44:27.486 --> 01:44:33.321
After a while, a very dangerous incident occurred, which changed the factors.

997
01:44:33.321 --> 01:44:46.360
The Jewish of Europe faced a dilemma: to merge and blend in, or not to?

998
01:44:46.36 --> 01:44:52.725
Moses Mendelssohn is a leader of Liberal Judaism.

999
01:44:54.242 --> 01:45:00.172
But there will be an opposing movement, the neo-Orthodox Judaism.

1000
01:45:00.172 --> 01:45:06.168
The incident that changed everything completely is the Dreyfus affair.

1001
01:45:07.584 --> 01:45:16.541
He was a French officer who was accused by the French ant-semite of causing France
to lose the war.

1002
01:45:18.321 --> 01:45:30.001
And the person who covered the affair, which was a false accusation, was Theodor
Herzl!

1003
01:45:30.001 --> 01:45:37.262
This Austrian journalist was sent by his newspaper to cover the trial.

1004
01:45:40.193 --> 01:45:50.760
He concluded that “even if you take your skin off, I won’t recognize you!”
(a quote from Arabic literature by Al-Jahiz).

1005
01:45:51.888 --> 01:45:57.073
The Jewish will never be accepted in Europe whatsoever!

1006
01:45:58.519 --> 01:46:00.221
The merge was just an illusion!

1007
01:46:00.221 --> 01:46:08.750
After years of trying to blend in with the Europeans, the Jewish were still
unwanted.

1008
01:46:08.75 --> 01:46:13.074
So, a third solution to the Jewish-European crisis.

1009
01:46:13.074 --> 01:46:18.862
Which will be suggested by Zionism!

1010
01:46:18.862 --> 01:46:25.944
The Zionist project was a third solution after the failing merge and melt.

1011
01:46:28.314 --> 01:46:35.464
So, the Jewish of the world will conclude that the solution is not to blend in but
to exit Europe.

1012
01:46:35.464 --> 01:46:39.470
A solution for the Jewish problem must be found outside of Europe.

1013
01:46:40.34 --> 01:46:47.799
Theodor Herzl wrote his book Judenstaat.

1014
01:46:49.064 --> 01:46:57.120
I would like to clarify something which led to a misunderstanding in the Arab world
and Europe.

1015
01:46:57.12 --> 01:47:01.562
The mistake was fixed in the late translations.

1016
01:47:01.562 --> 01:47:08.298
The literal translation is the State of the Jews, not the Jewish State.

1017
01:47:09.126 --> 01:47:11.934
In the beginning, it was translated as the Jewish state.

1018
01:47:12.915 --> 01:47:16.985
But he wasn’t suggesting creating a Jewish state.

1019
01:47:16.985 --> 01:47:21.198
He died of a sexually transmitted disease.

1020
01:47:22.018 --> 01:47:26.161
And his motive was Christian Zionism.

1021
01:47:26.161 --> 01:47:32.851
Everything he thought of was induced by Reverend William Hechler.

1022
01:47:32.851 --> 01:47:38.680
He was in the British embassy in Austria, which is known to specialists.

1023
01:47:38.68 --> 01:47:49.341
Christian Zionism was the biggest supporter of the Zionist project and Theodor
Herzl, even before he was believed by the Jewish.

1024
01:47:49.341 --> 01:47:56.731
At the time, the Jewish of Europe rejected the project and any talk of returning to
Palestine.

1025
01:47:56.731 --> 01:47:58.826
I will further explain it.

1026
01:47:58.826 --> 01:48:04.405
Theodor Herzl was looking for a land where the Jewish could live.

1027
01:48:04.405 --> 01:48:19.047
Therefore, the first conference in Basel, Switzerland, was attended by Jewish
secularists and communists of Eastern Europe.

1028
01:48:19.047 --> 01:48:26.062
There were marginalized thoughts of returning to Palestine by Judah Alkalai.

1029
01:48:26.062 --> 01:48:34.487
And it was attended by two Zionist leaders, one of which was the founder of the Red
Cross, Henry Dunant.

1030
01:48:34.487 --> 01:48:43.636
And Hechler and two more others from marginalized Jewish communities.

1031
01:48:43.636 --> 01:48:49.541
The conference was conducted in Basel, Switzerland, but it was supposed to be in
Munich, Germany.

1032
01:48:49.541 --> 01:48:55.074
But the German Jewish refused to host the conference, project, and person.

1033
01:48:55.074 --> 01:48:56.687
Why did they refuse?

1034
01:48:56.687 --> 01:49:00.721
Because Judaism was against creating a nation outside of Europe.

1035
01:49:00.721 --> 01:49:09.230
The Zionist project was completely rejected by traditional Judaism.

1036
01:49:09.23 --> 01:49:17.028
It will change later; I will explain it and its dangers to the Arab world.

1037
01:49:17.028 --> 01:49:20.358
He was looking for land for the Jewish.
1038
01:49:20.358 --> 01:49:30.001
It was known that Libya was suggested as a land to be occupied, as well as Uganda
and Argentine.

1039
01:49:30.001 --> 01:49:36.400
Having a state of the Jewish in Palestine wasn’t even on the table.

1040
01:49:36.4 --> 01:49:40.625
A similar thing happened in Pakistan.

1041
01:49:40.625 --> 01:49:52.850
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a lawyer who received a liberal education in Britain.

1042
01:49:54.223 --> 01:49:59.414
Upon his split from the Indian Congress, he sought a state where Muslims could
live.

1043
01:50:01.461 --> 01:50:04.438
He wasn’t aiming to create an Islamic state.

1044
01:50:06.14 --> 01:50:15.184
He believed it became impossible despite Mahatma Gandhi’s efforts and the split in
the Congress.

1045
01:50:15.184 --> 01:50:21.224
He thought that the only solution for the Muslims of India was to live in a
separate state.

1046
01:50:21.224 --> 01:50:28.351
Without having it be an Islamic state.

1047
01:50:28.351 --> 01:50:37.689
The transformation of Pakistan from a state for Muslims into a Muslim state was
done by General Zia-ul-Haq.

1048
01:50:39.519 --> 01:50:48.410
After former President Bhutto’s murder,

1049
01:50:48.41 --> 01:50:53.075
he was trying to legitimize his role by approaching the religious community.

1050
01:50:53.075 --> 01:50:57.887
-Which changed Pakistan from a state of Muslims into
-An Islamic State

1051
01:50:57.887 --> 01:51:07.840
If Muhammad Ali Jinnah had been raised from his grave, he wouldn’t recognize the
Pakistan he created.

1052
01:51:07.84 --> 01:51:12.210
It was the same for Theodor Herzl; he was looking for a state where the Jewish
could live.

1053
01:51:12.21 --> 01:51:20.907
He was a secularist who held no respect for religion and had a weak relationship
with it.

1054
01:51:20.907 --> 01:51:30.467
But the discussions in the many Zionism conferences made Palestine seem plausible.

1055
01:51:30.467 --> 01:51:36.132
Under the pressure of Christian Zionism and the British support.

1056
01:51:36.132 --> 01:51:45.276
Palestine was under the British mandate after the Sykes–Picot Agreement.

1057
01:51:45.276 --> 01:51:58.974
The Balfour Declaration wasn’t written in English but was originally written in
Hebrew.

1058
01:52:01.048 --> 01:52:03.916
It was written by the Zionist writer Nahum Sokolow.

1059
01:52:06.082 --> 01:52:13.219
In the Hebrew text, it was written as ‘Jewish Home’, not a Jewish state.

1060
01:52:15.011 --> 01:52:19.288
Because the American president refused the word state.

1061
01:52:19.288 --> 01:52:32.074
So it was replaced by ‘home’ because it is equivalent to the Jewish word ‘Bayit’.

1062
01:52:33.201 --> 01:52:40.241
Which sometimes means state.

1063
01:52:42.01 --> 01:52:50.352
This text was part of the creation of the Zionist project.

1064
01:52:50.352 --> 01:52:57.857
I wrote an article about the Christian Zionism.
1065
01:52:57.857 --> 01:53:04.983
Part of Christian Zionism was suppressed by Saint Augustine.

1066
01:53:07.031 --> 01:53:17.507
The part that called for helping the Jewish to create a home.

1067
01:53:17.507 --> 01:53:23.433
Part of Christianity believed that the Jewish must be eliminated,

1068
01:53:23.433 --> 01:53:28.134
while another believed that some of them must stay.

1069
01:53:28.134 --> 01:53:30.462
So they witness the return of Jesus at the end of time.

1070
01:53:30.462 --> 01:53:38.013
Then they will be offered to believe in him.

1071
01:53:38.013 --> 01:53:44.626
So, Christian Zionism has an interest in defending the Zionist project.

1072
01:53:44.626 --> 01:53:50.823
They thought that the Jewish must be helped to return to Palestine

1073
01:53:50.823 --> 01:54:00.382
so that Jesus will find the people he lived with in his early life when he returns.

1074
01:54:00.382 --> 01:54:11.613
That’s why there is momentum in the US between the president’s spiritual diplomacy
advisers.

1075
01:54:11.613 --> 01:54:13.347
Which was seen in Trump’s time.

1076
01:54:13.347 --> 01:54:20.912
The six or seven people next to him belonged to Christian Zionism.

1077
01:54:20.912 --> 01:54:25.074
One of them is the son of a famous Christian Zionist priest Jerry Falwell.

1078
01:54:25.074 --> 01:54:29.259
Why were there options other than Palestine?

1079
01:54:29.259 --> 01:54:34.140
Why did they consider Olivia, Uganda, and Argentine?

1080
01:54:34.14 --> 01:54:40.809
As I said in the beginning, it was not a religious project but a political project.

1081
01:54:40.809 --> 01:54:43.798
It was a solution to the Jewish problem.

1082
01:54:43.798 --> 01:54:54.330
Merging or staying in the ghettos weren’t available options.

1083
01:54:55.597 --> 01:55:02.643
So there must be a solution for the Jewish ethnicity.

1084
01:55:02.643 --> 01:55:07.030
It is a political issue.

1085
01:55:07.03 --> 01:55:11.629
Palestine was a religious matter.

1086
01:55:11.629 --> 01:55:13.494
I will give you another example.

1087
01:55:13.494 --> 01:55:20.153
The reason behind the rejection of this project by traditional Judaism is

1088
01:55:21.95 --> 01:55:29.462
It needs a long explanation of the land’s importance and the holiness of Palestine.

1089
01:55:29.462 --> 01:55:34.308
After the first temple destruction and the exit of the Jewish from Palestine.

1090
01:55:36.141 --> 01:55:42.438
There’s a story with historical symbolism

1091
01:55:43.236 --> 01:55:47.717
Upon the Roman siege of Jerusalem,

1092
01:55:48.921 --> 01:55:51.993
The Jewish people wanted to ensure the escape of religious figure

1093
01:55:53.802 --> 01:55:56.393
the rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai,

1094
01:55:56.393 --> 01:55:59.758
who was one of the scholars who created the Mishnah.

1095
01:56:00.579 --> 01:56:06.661
It is a mythological narrative, but like all mythological narratives, it reflects
some sort of truth.

1096
01:56:07.483 --> 01:56:14.390
They said the rabbi died and he should be buried outside the city.

1097
01:56:14.39 --> 01:56:21.664
They put him in a coffin and asked the Roman ruler’s permission to exit the siege.

1098
01:56:21.664 --> 01:56:29.584
So this rabbi escaped to the Galilee north of Palestine.

1099
01:56:29.584 --> 01:56:36.264
He established a school in Galilee which later collected the Mishnah text.

1100
01:56:38.259 --> 01:56:43.295
Through the story, the Jewish believe that what kept them safe was not the state,

1101
01:56:44.56 --> 01:56:51.563
not the political entity or the military,

1102
01:56:51.563 --> 01:56:55.375
but the Torah kept them safe, the religion.

1103
01:56:56.295 --> 01:57:02.081
Which makes religion essential!

1104
01:57:02.081 --> 01:57:07.133
What is in the Torah and Talmud texts about the concept of the land?

1105
01:57:07.133 --> 01:57:12.560
First, it didn’t specify the boundaries of the land.

1106
01:57:12.56 --> 01:57:18.140
Sometimes it gets too small, but other times it expands its reaches from the Nile
to the Euphrates.

1107
01:57:18.14 --> 01:57:20.040
And what are its smaller boundaries?

1108
01:57:20.04 --> 01:57:24.136
The current coastal boundaries of Palestine.

1109
01:57:25.73 --> 01:57:33.997
The land sometimes isn’t the concern, but the focus would be on Jerusalem.

1110
01:57:36.404 --> 01:57:40.416
During the Babylonian captivity, the focus was on Jerusalem.

1111
01:57:40.416 --> 01:57:47.914
When they exit it, they talk about the land of Israel.

1112
01:57:47.914 --> 01:57:54.626
In 1948, during the beginning of the Zionist regime,

1113
01:57:54.626 --> 01:58:01.078
Ben-Gurion, the Mapai party leader, had a conflict with a few religious Jewish
groups

1114
01:58:01.078 --> 01:58:09.970
about the unset constitution since then, which was replaced by the Status Quo.

1115
01:58:09.97 --> 01:58:13.886
Israel now functions by 15 essential laws

1116
01:58:13.886 --> 01:58:18.006
and there are demands to form a constitution, which is the recent conflict with
Netanyahu.

1117
01:58:18.006 --> 01:58:30.266
When Ben-Gurion was asked about Israel’s boundaries, he answered that the Israeli
army was the best way to know.

1118
01:58:31.205 --> 01:58:34.468
Wherever an Israeli soldier stops, the Israeli boundary is set!

1119
01:58:36.734 --> 01:58:49.614
Traditional Judaism's conflict among Jewish jurists was about whether living in
Israel was obligatory.

1120
01:58:50.695 --> 01:58:53.059
Some of them thought it wasn't.

1121
01:58:53.059 --> 01:58:56.842
It is the same as in Tunisia or Algeria,

1122
01:58:56.842 --> 01:59:01.881
we wish to die in Makkah, but living in Makkah isn’t obligatory!

1123
01:59:01.881 --> 01:59:11.466
So, some Jewish groups thought it wasn’t obligatory to live in the holy city.

1124
01:59:11.466 --> 01:59:22.863
But other groups used to visit Jerusalem for Jewish practice or to die in the holy
land.

1125
01:59:22.863 --> 01:59:32.189
There was another debate about whether this land should be taken by armed forces!

1126
01:59:33.559 --> 01:59:51.981
There was a famous text about the three promises held by Jewish scholars in the
19th century.

1127
01:59:51.981 --> 01:59:57.782
The text forbids the Jewish to return to Palestine by force!

1128
01:59:59.531 --> 02:00:06.520
They could negotiate, buy land, or use pacific measures, but not by force!

1129
02:00:08.526 --> 02:00:12.585
Zionism didn’t take this approach,

1130
02:00:12.585 --> 02:00:18.352
but they thought the god must be helped

1131
02:00:18.352 --> 02:00:23.952
to facilitate the return by buying land!

1132
02:00:23.952 --> 02:00:35.557
But later, there was Stern, Irgun, international politics, Britain, negotiations,
and buying land.

1133
02:00:35.557 --> 02:00:41.278
Using military force was the conflict point between Zionism and traditional
Judaism.

1134
02:00:41.278 --> 02:00:50.000
Zionism thought that to set foot in Palestine,

1135
02:00:50.0 --> 02:00:59.199
they must form the National Zionist Fund to buy land or use British diplomacy.
1136
02:00:59.199 --> 02:01:06.570
As far as I remember, Chaim Weizmann was the Israel Congress's first leader and
president.

1137
02:01:06.57 --> 02:01:14.417
He founded the technology institute that created the nuclear weapon.

1138
02:01:14.417 --> 02:01:18.882
He was a chemistry scientist

1139
02:01:18.882 --> 02:01:26.892
who helped the British in providing energy solutions in their war with the Ottoman
Empire.

1140
02:01:26.892 --> 02:01:30.524
And its Indian territory.

1141
02:01:30.524 --> 02:01:38.537
He was rewarded by the Balfour Declaration in 1917.

1142
02:01:38.537 --> 02:01:50.720
It is a historical topic, some Arabs accepted the Jewish state later.

1143
02:01:50.72 --> 02:01:58.722
Zionism was a secularist movement with a weak relationship with religion.

1144
02:01:58.722 --> 02:02:04.058
-But little by little…
-It got stronger or weaker?

1145
02:02:04.058 --> 02:02:09.385
It got so stronger until it reached its peak in the modern day.

1146
02:02:11.298 --> 02:02:15.739
-In the beginning, the relationship between the state and religion was weak!
-Very weak!

1147
02:02:15.739 --> 02:02:18.877
Zionism was a Christian Zionist project at first.

1148
02:02:18.877 --> 02:02:27.892
And some Jewish who thought the only solution was to exit Europe and find land.

1149
02:02:27.892 --> 02:02:36.182
Little by Little, they will accept Palestine as land and the Hebrew language.
1150
02:02:36.182 --> 02:02:41.703
There were debates on the language of this new nation.

1151
02:02:41.703 --> 02:02:47.834
They considered German because it was thought to be a strong language of the elite.

1152
02:02:47.834 --> 02:02:52.608
Later, the Yiddish language was suggested,

1153
02:02:52.608 --> 02:02:57.106
which is the language of Poland and Eastern Europe Jewish.

1154
02:02:57.106 --> 02:03:00.063
It consists of Polish, Hebrew, and German languages.

1155
02:03:00.063 --> 02:03:03.319
Which, by the way, has an excellent theatre.

1156
02:03:03.319 --> 02:03:11.766
But these debates led to the Revival of the Hebrew language movement,

1157
02:03:11.766 --> 02:03:19.413
led by Eliezer, who created the modern Hebrew dictionary.

1158
02:03:19.413 --> 02:03:27.429
These debates, little by little, led to the conquering of Palestine.

1159
02:03:27.429 --> 02:03:35.360
The only Arab who felt that something wasn’t normal was Naguib Azoury, a prominent
Syrian intellectual.

1160
02:03:35.36 --> 02:03:42.141
He wrote in French that these migrations to Palestine weren’t normal!

1161
02:03:42.141 --> 02:03:52.265
And they didn't come for pilgrimage or visit holy sites, but it was an alarming
organized move!

1162
02:03:52.265 --> 02:04:03.957
Arabs realized after Balfour Declaration that there was something dangerous going
on.

1163
02:04:03.957 --> 02:04:08.953
Migrations increased, especially after World War II
1164
02:04:08.953 --> 02:04:15.339
because Europe wanted to redeem its Nazism by finding a solution for the Jewish
people.

1165
02:04:15.339 --> 02:04:25.949
In 1948, Ben-Gurion found a solution to the religious predicament by avoiding
religious communities.

1166
02:04:25.949 --> 02:04:31.112
Regarding the religious community, Agudat Yisrael.

1167
02:04:32.374 --> 02:04:44.510
There weren't many political demands, except they didn't want a constitution other
than the Torah.

1168
02:04:44.51 --> 02:04:52.920
If Ben-Gurion said that the state would be ruled by other than Torah, they would
disagree!

1169
02:04:52.92 --> 02:05:01.005
So, Ben-Gurion avoided talking about this topic and left it as the status quo.

1170
02:05:01.005 --> 02:05:03.547
He was so cunning that he was called the fox.

1171
02:05:05.16 --> 02:05:10.216
He avoided controversy and made compromises.

1172
02:05:10.216 --> 02:05:23.236
The personal status law was left to the traditional Jewish.

1173
02:05:23.236 --> 02:05:30.338
-Who rejected the land concept?
-These are the ones who accepted the project!

1174
02:05:30.338 --> 02:05:33.462
-They were in charge of personal status law!
-Yes!

1175
02:05:33.462 --> 02:05:35.865
Under Israel's chief rabbinate's authority.

1176
02:05:35.865 --> 02:05:42.819
In Israel, the definition of a Jewish person was controversial, but this was an old
topic.
1177
02:05:42.819 --> 02:05:50.575
But he accepted the definition of this rabbinate or traditional Judaism.

1178
02:05:50.575 --> 02:05:53.613
Which is, Jewish is a son of a Jewish mother, and so on.

1179
02:05:53.613 --> 02:06:01.139
In personal status laws, marriage and divorce were governed by Jewish legislation.

1180
02:06:01.139 --> 02:06:10.821
If someone wanted to marry outside Jewish legislation, they must marry in Cyprus
and return.

1181
02:06:10.821 --> 02:06:14.412
But that was before the reform of civil regulations.

1182
02:06:14.412 --> 02:06:21.128
-What is the nature of this marriage?
-A civil marriage, non-religious!

1183
02:06:21.128 --> 02:06:26.095
Without the presence of a rabbi, like anywhere in the world.

1184
02:06:26.095 --> 02:06:35.355
Also, inheritance laws were according to Jewish tradition, but they were reformed
later.

1185
02:06:35.355 --> 02:06:36.552
Regarding gender equality.

1186
02:06:36.552 --> 02:06:44.370
Because inheritance laws excluded women, like many Jewish backward regulations
regarding women.

1187
02:06:44.37 --> 02:06:51.857
Many criticize the Islamic world in that regard, but the traditional Jewish women's
law is very bad!

1188
02:06:51.857 --> 02:06:54.524
These are the beginnings.

1189
02:06:54.524 --> 02:07:03.339
They were to determine personal status laws and Kashrut.

1190
02:07:03.339 --> 02:07:09.269
And he agreed to exclude these Jewish groups from military service.

1191
02:07:11.161 --> 02:07:18.334
It was the opposite of today because the top military troops now are from religious
communities.

1192
02:07:18.334 --> 02:07:19.862
Things changed!

1193
02:07:19.862 --> 02:07:33.290
But in the beginning, the traditional perception was that Torah was the survival of
the Jewish, not military or state.

1194
02:07:33.29 --> 02:07:40.303
So, these communities served the Torah and read it, which was considered a great
service to Israel.

1195
02:07:40.303 --> 02:07:47.184
There were pardoned from military service, but later it wasn’t favorable by left
and secularist parties.

1196
02:07:49.224 --> 02:07:54.540
As well as funding religious schools and universities.

1197
02:07:54.54 --> 02:07:58.720
He was left to handle foreign policy and administration.

1198
02:07:58.72 --> 02:08:07.164
This was the agreement between Agodat Yisrail and Ben-Gurion’s Mapai parties,

1199
02:08:07.164 --> 02:08:11.712
and it lasted until 1967.

1200
02:08:11.712 --> 02:08:15.176
In 1967, things started to change.

1201
02:08:16.266 --> 02:08:24.267
Because as you know, we call it the Naksa (the day of the setback).

1202
02:08:25.762 --> 02:08:30.226
But it was a divine intervention in the history of the Jewish!

1203
02:08:32.089 --> 02:08:39.019
In 1967, eastern and western Jerusalem was united and occupied.
1204
02:08:42.465 --> 02:08:50.040
Israel achieved a great victory in six days and won over many Arab armies.

1205
02:08:50.04 --> 02:08:59.216
It was seen as the Israel god’s intervention in history.

1206
02:08:59.216 --> 02:09:02.681
Which started a religious wave in Israel.

1207
02:09:04.842 --> 02:09:08.442
The same as the religious wave in the Arab world!

1208
02:09:09.598 --> 02:09:13.506
The Arab world's religious people saw it as a divine punishment.

1209
02:09:14.8 --> 02:09:18.233
They thought it happened because they were driven away from Islam.

1210
02:09:18.233 --> 02:09:22.514
It manifested in the Nasser and the Brotherhood conflict.

1211
02:09:22.514 --> 02:09:28.173
So, they started to think the solution wasn’t in Communism or Nationalism but in
Islam.

1212
02:09:28.173 --> 02:09:30.667
There were books titled Islam is the Solution.

1213
02:09:30.667 --> 02:09:35.890
While in Israel, there was a religious awakening.

1214
02:09:35.89 --> 02:09:49.295
Many Jewish became more religious,
even the irreligious were under the religious thrill.

1215
02:09:49.295 --> 02:10:03.204
An ideology contributed to this awakening, which accompanied the Zionist project
led by a rabbi.

1216
02:10:03.204 --> 02:10:10.863
I urge every Arab interested in the topic to study this man’s school.

1217
02:10:14.2 --> 02:10:24.045
It was ideologically and spiritually led by an eastern European Jewish who lived in
the US and then returned to Palestine.
1218
02:10:24.045 --> 02:10:32.032
He was Israel’s chief rabbi Avraham Kook.

1219
02:10:34.21 --> 02:10:40.009
Rabbi Kook was a mystic, philosophical, and religious figure.

1220
02:10:42.019 --> 02:10:50.001
He was laughing deep down from Zionism which perceived itself as a secularist
movement.

1221
02:10:52.683 --> 02:11:01.054
He accommodated Zionism to traditional Judaism.

1222
02:11:03.499 --> 02:11:17.421
He said, briefly, that these secularist Zionists think they achieved worldly goals,

1223
02:11:17.421 --> 02:11:22.457
but they were doing god’s will.

1224
02:11:24.549 --> 02:11:34.089
They thought they made worldly efforts but were serving Israel’s god.

1225
02:11:34.089 --> 02:11:45.092
So, Zionism and Judaism weren’t contradictory.

1226
02:11:45.092 --> 02:11:53.636
Because these Zionists are the servants sent by Israel’s God to achieve his will
without them feeling.

1227
02:11:53.636 --> 02:11:56.822
He wrote that in mystic, religious, and philosophical articles.

1228
02:11:56.822 --> 02:12:01.672
Many Jewish found themselves in him.

1229
02:12:01.672 --> 02:12:07.790
He lived in Palestine in 1935,

1230
02:12:07.79 --> 02:12:18.835
but his words were a sanctuary from the conflicting nature of Zionism and Judaism.

1231
02:12:18.835 --> 02:12:27.063
I read memoirs of leading military figures who said they followed his ideologies.
1232
02:12:27.063 --> 02:12:34.960
This ideology continued living in Israel through his son, Isaac, if I remember
correctly.

1233
02:12:34.96 --> 02:12:53.969
After 1967, this son’s school bred all the anti-Arab Zionist movements.

1234
02:12:53.969 --> 02:12:56.302
I will explain it.

1235
02:12:56.302 --> 02:13:04.258
In Israel, there was a school called Mercaz HaRav,

1236
02:13:04.258 --> 02:13:08.342
Rav is an honoring name.

1237
02:13:08.342 --> 02:13:18.413
Led by his son, it was the biggest jurisprudence faculty.

1238
02:13:18.413 --> 02:13:24.602
It created thousands and thousands of settlers!

1239
02:13:26.278 --> 02:13:31.929
This school produced Gush Emunim, the Bloc of the Faithful movement.

1240
02:13:31.929 --> 02:13:39.181
And produced the terrorist Meir Kahane.

1241
02:13:39.181 --> 02:13:45.143
He published an infamous book, They Must Go.

1242
02:13:47.173 --> 02:14:00.565
Most movements, like Hilltop Youth and Kahanism, came from this religious school.

1243
02:14:01.822 --> 02:14:06.672
After 1967, they started the settlement project.

1244
02:14:08.204 --> 02:14:12.791
It would be opposed by some members of the left.

1245
02:14:13.688 --> 02:14:20.928
But after 1977, the left collapsed, and the right parties were stronger.

1246
02:14:20.928 --> 02:14:25.123
And the Herut party led by Menachem Begin.

1247
02:14:25.123 --> 02:14:29.187
He belonged to the nationalist Zionism

1248
02:14:29.187 --> 02:14:33.882
founded by Russian Vladimir Jabotinsky

1249
02:14:33.882 --> 02:14:39.645
who published an article in 1933 titled, The Iron Wall.

1250
02:14:41.766 --> 02:14:47.227
The iron wall in Japotinsky’s perspective is summed up in a simple sentence:

1251
02:14:47.227 --> 02:14:51.768
If I was a Palestinian, I would reject this project!

1252
02:14:53.124 --> 02:15:01.397
It is the land of the Palestinians, and we will take it by force, so if I was a
Palestinian, I would resist!

1253
02:15:02.927 --> 02:15:09.580
The solution was to kill resistance in the Palestinians.

1254
02:15:09.58 --> 02:15:12.361
Because killing them was eventually happening.

1255
02:15:12.361 --> 02:15:22.187
The Zionists had to kill the Palestinians' desire or thought of resistance, not
resistance itself.

1256
02:15:22.187 --> 02:15:31.096
Which is what he called the iron wall, the mental wall.

1257
02:15:31.096 --> 02:15:37.584
Which was taken literally by Ariel Sharon, who built the cement wall.

1258
02:15:37.584 --> 02:15:48.263
A historian critic of Zionism, Avi Shlaim, wrote a book about the Iron Wall.

1259
02:15:48.263 --> 02:16:04.692
In 1967, upon the adhesion of the Zionist religious parties with the nationalist
parties of Jabotinsky,

1260
02:16:05.771 --> 02:16:11.897
the deadly cocktail, as I called it, was formed in Israel!

1261
02:16:13.001 --> 02:16:23.640
The chauvinistic nationalism adhesion with the extreme religious ideology

1262
02:16:23.64 --> 02:16:33.594
will create a deadly cocktail that will destroy Arabs and Palestinians.

1263
02:16:33.594 --> 02:16:41.115
These religious people started a project called Israel Hashlema, complete Israel.

1264
02:16:42.184 --> 02:16:45.432
All Israeli lands must be seized.

1265
02:16:46.549 --> 02:16:48.264
What is Israel’s land?

1266
02:16:48.264 --> 02:16:53.303
The current state’s boundaries

1267
02:16:53.303 --> 02:16:56.921
Not leaving a spot with a Palestinian on it!

1268
02:16:56.921 --> 02:16:59.871
-Entire Palestine?
-All of it!

1269
02:16:59.871 --> 02:17:02.768
In the legal and current situation.

1270
02:17:02.768 --> 02:17:09.126
They let go of the Greater Israel fantasy.

1271
02:17:09.126 --> 02:17:17.999
After 1948, there were the Green Line Arabs, the demilitarized zones.

1272
02:17:17.999 --> 02:17:27.353
There are Palestinians still living in this new state with Israeli nationality.

1273
02:17:27.353 --> 02:17:34.460
Kahane said in his speech the one time he was in the Knesset.

1274
02:17:34.46 --> 02:17:42.783
Later, he was hunted down and assassinated in the US, New York.
1275
02:17:42.783 --> 02:17:48.514
He was a double agent with the FBI and an extreme Zionist.

1276
02:17:48.514 --> 02:17:53.067
His speech was one the most interesting things an Arab citizen can listen to.

1277
02:17:53.067 --> 02:17:55.297
I always urged my students to listen to it.

1278
02:17:55.297 --> 02:18:01.286
He said, “You, Knesset members, are donkeys.”

1279
02:18:03.042 --> 02:18:12.102
He said they are similar to Ibrahim’s two boys when he was carrying his son Isaac
to the altar.

1280
02:18:13.219 --> 02:18:18.639
In the Jewish perception, Ibrahim was carrying his son to the altar

1281
02:18:18.639 --> 02:18:28.722
and asked them if they saw what he saw, which was the altar.

1282
02:18:28.722 --> 02:18:36.581
But they said no, so he asked them to stay with the donkey.

1283
02:18:36.581 --> 02:18:44.492
So, the Knesset members were like donkeys because they didn’t see what he saw!

1284
02:18:45.518 --> 02:18:59.040
He said the Palestinian who lived among us won’t become a good Israeli if provided
water, electricity, and education.

1285
02:19:00.642 --> 02:19:08.107
Because on their independence day celebration, the Palestinian mourns the Nakba.

1286
02:19:09.58 --> 02:19:15.486
And when they sing Hatikva, the Israeli song of hope,

1287
02:19:16.655 --> 02:19:22.375
which some Arabs listen to it not knowing its history.

1288
02:19:22.375 --> 02:19:27.140
He said, meanwhile, Palestinians sing Mawtini.

1289
02:19:28.164 --> 02:19:34.198
And he gave a lot of examples of how Palestinians cannot become good Israeli
citizens.

1290
02:19:34.198 --> 02:19:48.175
They were donkeys because a good Palestinian was a murdered, exiled, or transferred
Palestinian.

1291
02:19:48.175 --> 02:19:53.555
He thought Palestinians must be transferred from the Israeli land!

1292
02:19:53.555 --> 02:20:10.065
This accelerated settlement project from 1967 until today practically ended the
Two-state Solution.

1293
02:20:12.895 --> 02:20:16.921
I will explain the Two-State solution to the viewers.

1294
02:20:18.044 --> 02:20:20.447
It might be a blessing in disguise, which I will explain.

1295
02:20:20.447 --> 02:20:25.242
If you and I were negotiating on dividing a cheese pack with eight pieces in it.

1296
02:20:25.242 --> 02:20:32.381
While we are negotiating the solution, I eat a piece every time.

1297
02:20:32.381 --> 02:20:38.681
So, we were talking about eight pieces, but due to the settlement, there wasn’t a
single piece left!

1298
02:20:38.681 --> 02:20:40.455
The Two-State solution ended.

1299
02:20:40.455 --> 02:20:53.216
That’s why important US parties talked a few weeks ago in Foreign Affairs magazine
about the One-State Solution.

1300
02:20:55.608 --> 02:21:00.819
Which was rejected by all Zionist groups.

1301
02:21:00.819 --> 02:21:10.073
Some of them warned against the predicament of the One-State Solution if the Two-
State Solution was rejected.

1302
02:21:10.073 --> 02:21:20.969
The one state is a problem because they are classified as an apartheid country,
which is concerning.

1303
02:21:20.969 --> 02:21:31.049
The BDS boycott movement is focusing on classifying it as an apartheid regime that
segregates.

1304
02:21:31.049 --> 02:21:38.229
I’m not talking about Gaza or the Bank but about 48-Arab.

1305
02:21:38.229 --> 02:21:40.911
It is an apartheid system.

1306
02:21:40.911 --> 02:21:43.744
And what’s more dangerous is the demographic growth.

1307
02:21:44.518 --> 02:21:48.779
In the future, they will be outnumbered.

1308
02:21:48.779 --> 02:21:58.916
And there’s talk about a Jewish state, but the One-State Solution hinders that.

1309
02:21:58.916 --> 02:22:04.930
Because they would promote a Jewish democratic state.

1310
02:22:04.93 --> 02:22:12.840
But it would be Jewish to Arabs, and democratic to the Jews!

1311
02:22:12.84 --> 02:22:15.305
Which is a predicament for the state!

1312
02:22:15.305 --> 02:22:23.395
The solution is to shed light on these contradictions.

1313
02:22:23.395 --> 02:22:34.410
Back to the Two-State topic, it is not what the Liberation Organisation agreed on
in the past.

1314
02:22:34.41 --> 02:22:38.960
Because things changed on land and it is complicated.

1315
02:22:38.96 --> 02:22:53.000
But powerful foreign political mediums started a conversation on the One-State
Solution.

1316
02:22:53.0 --> 02:22:56.009
Why did you say it would be a blessing in disguise?

1317
02:22:56.009 --> 02:22:59.706
Because the One-State Solution will make Israel face its contradictions.

1318
02:22:59.706 --> 02:23:02.254
It cannot be a Jewish state!

1319
02:23:02.254 --> 02:23:09.073
Ariel Sharon strived to make it a Jewish state.

1320
02:23:09.073 --> 02:23:15.410
justified by the ‘Jewish Home’ in the Balfour Declaration,

1321
02:23:15.41 --> 02:23:21.317
and having a Jewish state like the Islamic state.

1322
02:23:21.317 --> 02:23:28.444
Trying to get Palestinians out of the land.

1323
02:23:28.444 --> 02:23:37.055
Anyway, I think it will be complicated for Israel in the coming years.

1324
02:23:37.055 --> 02:23:45.603
If only Palestinians and Arabs deal with the situation cleverly and in a well-
informed manner.

1325
02:23:45.603 --> 02:23:50.302
I mentioned the dangers of normalization.

1326
02:23:52.131 --> 02:24:02.051
This state, the Zionist project, strives to make Israel a normal entity in the
region.

1327
02:24:02.051 --> 02:24:04.951
This is the dream of the Zionist movement.

1328
02:24:04.951 --> 02:24:14.848
The Arab people must accept the normality of this entity!

1329
02:24:16.702 --> 02:24:23.655
Therefore, they are constantly trying to achieve political normalization.

1330
02:24:23.655 --> 02:24:35.127
Political normalization could be driven by the flexibility of political systems.

1331
02:24:36.415 --> 02:24:46.640
Because politicians' obligations are different from the ones of intellectuals and
common people.

1332
02:24:46.64 --> 02:24:52.762
Political relationships are changeable and obsolete.

1333
02:24:53.509 --> 02:24:56.386
A signed agreement today could change tomorrow.

1334
02:24:57.917 --> 02:25:04.935
The fear is that this normalization find its way into society.

1335
02:25:04.935 --> 02:25:15.411
And becomes a part of the Arab citizens’ social lives, institutions, universities,
companies, food, and drinks.

1336
02:25:15.411 --> 02:25:18.769
This is what we should be careful about!

1337
02:25:21.083 --> 02:25:23.887
For example, the Abraham Accords.

1338
02:25:23.887 --> 02:25:29.728
I won’t talk about its political or economic aspects because they have specialists
who can discuss them.

1339
02:25:29.728 --> 02:25:35.667
To be clear, I’m not aiming to hint at any system.

1340
02:25:35.667 --> 02:25:42.730
But to clarify the ideological and religious serious fallacies.

1341
02:25:42.73 --> 02:25:51.186
In a study, I said that Abraham Accords wanted to focus on the common ancestor.

1342
02:25:52.696 --> 02:25:58.760
Ibrahim, who they don’t call Ibrahim, but Abraham to Avraham.

1343
02:25:58.76 --> 02:26:02.492
So, the Torah's name was there from the beginning.

1344
02:26:03.605 --> 02:26:13.691
The essence of these accords is that common ancestry justifies sharing the riches
of the region!

1345
02:26:15.455 --> 02:26:22.775
So, an Israeli would have a right to Saudi petroleum, Emirati oil, and Qatari gas.

1346
02:26:22.775 --> 02:26:25.279
Why? Because we are all descendants of Ibrahim!

1347
02:26:27.458 --> 02:26:33.437
But what is forgotten is that Abraham is deceiving Ibrahim!

1348
02:26:33.437 --> 02:26:35.705
How so?

1349
02:26:36.561 --> 02:26:41.247
Because the Abraham they talk of is not our Ibrahim.

1350
02:26:41.247 --> 02:26:45.882
The Torah Abraham who represents their right to take Palestine's land

1351
02:26:45.882 --> 02:26:50.989
as an inheritance from Isaac is not the Ibrahim we believe in!

1352
02:26:53.976 --> 02:27:00.833
Everything related to the Ibrahimic ancestry, Ibrahim’s figure, and Torah's claims
are rejected by us!

1353
02:27:00.833 --> 02:27:08.978
We rejected their perception of the Torah, Ibrahim, Isaac, and Ismail.

1354
02:27:09.814 --> 02:27:15.819
It is an attempt to mislead by having Ibrahim as a shared father.

1355
02:27:15.819 --> 02:27:18.936
But no! Your Abraham is not our Ibrahim.

1356
02:27:18.936 --> 02:27:21.669
Nor your Torah is ours!

1357
02:27:22.946 --> 02:27:25.076
And so on!

1358
02:27:25.076 --> 02:27:32.503
We have our perception regarding the land, the covenant, and everything else!
1359
02:27:33.309 --> 02:27:41.461
It is what the American administration calls spiritual diplomacy.

1360
02:27:42.203 --> 02:27:51.723
Using the spiritual and religious aspects to pass political projects and enable the
Zionist project in the region.

1361
02:27:52.874 --> 02:27:55.656
So we need to keep this in mind.

1362
02:27:55.656 --> 02:28:01.210
The decision maker, intellectual, academic, and everyone must understand the
dangers of it.

1363
02:28:01.21 --> 02:28:06.701
We must work against making Israel a normal entity in the region.

1364
02:28:06.701 --> 02:28:14.429
Until it provides all the Palestinians' rights and solves the four issues.

1365
02:28:14.429 --> 02:28:28.579
For example, at the Madrid conference, there was a talk about temporary political
solutions.

1366
02:28:28.579 --> 02:28:33.386
But there were four issues of the ultimate solution.

1367
02:28:33.386 --> 02:28:36.431
Jerusalem, settlement, refugees, and nature of the state.

1368
02:28:36.431 --> 02:28:40.583
With five years' notice to solve these issues.

1369
02:28:40.583 --> 02:28:48.160
Yitzhak Shamir said let it be twenty years!

1370
02:28:48.16 --> 02:28:57.173
Now, twenty years later, these issues of Jerusalem, refugees, and settlement
weren’t solved yet.

1371
02:28:59.502 --> 02:29:06.026
Saying this doesn’t mean we want disputes, but as people with rights!

1372
02:29:06.026 --> 02:29:12.413
The rights of the Palestinians to shape their own lives must be guaranteed
respectfully.

1373
02:29:12.413 --> 02:29:17.088
And acknowledge the international agreements and laws regarding this dispute,

1374
02:29:17.088 --> 02:29:20.155
which Israel didn’t even comply with a line of them.

1375
02:29:20.155 --> 02:29:26.965
But instead, Danny Danon raised his Torah claiming the ownership of the land!

1376
02:29:28.62 --> 02:29:31.439
It is a shame to waste all these rights!

1377
02:29:31.439 --> 02:29:36.950
It’s not even a matter of land for peace anymore, but it is peace for peace!

1378
02:29:36.95 --> 02:29:39.765
Just give the land!

1379
02:29:42.079 --> 02:29:53.027
According to my studies of Zionism, I always feel alert about it.

1380
02:29:53.027 --> 02:29:55.932
The risks of this project aren’t only for Palestine but for all Arab countries.

1381
02:29:55.932 --> 02:30:01.403
The risk exceeds the small area of Palestine.

1382
02:30:01.403 --> 02:30:09.400
Also, research centers and specialized departments must be established

1383
02:30:09.4 --> 02:30:14.881
to create a new generation of Arab researchers.

1384
02:30:15.886 --> 02:30:22.346
Such projects must be done by powerful institutions to create a library.

1385
02:30:22.346 --> 02:30:25.915
We don’t need to acknowledge Israel or sit with them!

1386
02:30:25.915 --> 02:30:30.531
In my opinion, we know what they write and publish
1387
02:30:30.531 --> 02:30:36.099
and can have it all to work with it and learn its language.

1388
02:30:36.099 --> 02:30:42.302
So, we establish a generation of researchers

1389
02:30:42.302 --> 02:30:54.021
who help us find our way when there’s confusion in politics, economics, and
education.

1390
02:30:54.021 --> 02:30:57.860
What would it be like if all Arab countries normalized?

1391
02:30:58.698 --> 02:31:02.357
My wish is that not all Arab countries would normalize.

1392
02:31:04.352 --> 02:31:09.641
But as I said, politics has its coercions.

1393
02:31:10.599 --> 02:31:13.767
Max Weber did explain the difference between a politician and a scientist.

1394
02:31:15.97 --> 02:31:35.082
Egypt and Jordan normalized, but we know that these strong countries kept it cold,
monitored, and limited.

1395
02:31:35.082 --> 02:31:41.102
Even the Israeli cultural center in Cairo didn’t last long.

1396
02:31:42.675 --> 02:31:46.679
Which makes it more of a protocol peace.

1397
02:31:46.679 --> 02:31:51.171
My fear isn’t this, but the influence on society.

1398
02:31:51.171 --> 02:32:02.619
The most dangerous normalization is to have Israel in your food, drinks, books,
markets, universities, and companies!

1399
02:32:02.619 --> 02:32:05.798
This is the danger!

1400
02:32:05.798 --> 02:32:08.806
Because if they wanted to live with us,
1401
02:32:08.806 --> 02:32:13.823
they could coexist peacefully with respect for full Palestinian rights.

1402
02:32:13.823 --> 02:32:21.505
You said, "Israel mustn’t be given any compromise without something in return."

1403
02:32:21.505 --> 02:32:27.257
"Which makes it a must to work against Israeli being a Jewish state by all means."

1404
02:32:28.867 --> 02:32:39.406
If it isn’t a Jewish state now, how would it be described?

1405
02:32:39.406 --> 02:32:45.993
I did research on the religion and state in Israel.

1406
02:32:46.96 --> 02:32:56.819
As I said, it wasn’t founded as a religious state but it walks hastily towards
being a religious state.

1407
02:32:56.819 --> 02:32:59.003
Who rules Israel today?

1408
02:33:00.623 --> 02:33:03.305
And who are the politicians in the Israeli government?

1409
02:33:03.305 --> 02:33:12.536
The religious right never had a role in politics before 1967.

1410
02:33:12.536 --> 02:33:17.642
Until the Zionist religious right made it to the top!

1411
02:33:19.717 --> 02:33:23.095
Who is Itamar Ben-Gvir?

1412
02:33:23.095 --> 02:33:29.373
The minister of National Security and one of the leaders of religious Zionism.

1413
02:33:29.373 --> 02:33:35.110
Who is Bezalel Smotrich, the minister of Finance?

1414
02:33:35.11 --> 02:33:44.414
He has a famous saying regarding the solution to the Palestine issue through the
religious right.

1415
02:33:44.414 --> 02:33:58.213
He gave a famous speech at the Knesset and said that Ben-Gurion’s biggest mistake
was leaving the job undone!

1416
02:33:59.177 --> 02:34:05.357
If Ben-Gurion eliminated all Palestinians before the armistice, we wouldn’t be
going through these issues!

1417
02:34:05.357 --> 02:34:07.944
So, the job must be finished!

1418
02:34:08.764 --> 02:34:12.609
As if we don’t read or listen to such things!

1419
02:34:13.687 --> 02:34:17.128
The Palestinians are the thorn,

1420
02:34:17.128 --> 02:34:21.607
left by history, chance, or divine protection,

1421
02:34:21.607 --> 02:34:24.482
in this state’s side!

1422
02:34:24.482 --> 02:34:32.345
Their problem was explicit with the Palestinians left in the land by Ben-Gurion.

1423
02:34:32.345 --> 02:34:38.065
If Ben-Gurion purged them, we wouldn’t be bothered!

1424
02:34:38.065 --> 02:34:40.828
So, this Zionist religious group is at the core of the government.

1425
02:34:40.828 --> 02:34:47.600
But among the Israeli people, they only represent 15%!

1426
02:34:47.6 --> 02:34:49.052
In numbers!

1427
02:34:49.052 --> 02:34:53.694
But their political weight is huge!

1428
02:34:55.238 --> 02:34:58.788
Because the Israeli electoral system is proportional.

1429
02:34:58.788 --> 02:35:06.432
And the biggest political parties in Israel are the Labour Party and the Likud.

1430
02:35:07.604 --> 02:35:15.760
It doesn’t allow any party to have an absolute majority and rule freely.

1431
02:35:15.76 --> 02:35:20.045
The ruling party either has a 51% or 52% majority.

1432
02:35:20.045 --> 02:35:25.956
And the small difference cannot be achieved unless the religious parties cooperate!

1433
02:35:25.956 --> 02:35:28.680
Having the approval of religious parties.

1434
02:35:28.68 --> 02:35:35.976
These religious parties are politically powerful even though their numbers are
small.

1435
02:35:35.976 --> 02:35:42.241
They demand a return to enter the government, compromises, settlements, and loans.

1436
02:35:42.241 --> 02:35:46.903
And threaten to take down governments.

1437
02:35:46.903 --> 02:35:58.254
So, Israel’s leaders seek the religious community’s favor in the US and in Israel
to get the majority.

1438
02:35:58.254 --> 02:36:07.216
Even though Netanyahu is naturally against Palestinian rights, he is under these
parties’ mercy.

1439
02:36:07.216 --> 02:36:18.990
For example, the last deal he made was when he wanted to have a grip over the
judiciary in Israel.

1440
02:36:18.99 --> 02:36:22.225
He compromised under huge pressure.

1441
02:36:22.225 --> 02:36:37.540
So, Ben-Gvir asked him to sign on establishing a national guard force with the main
mission of tracking Palestinians.

1442
02:36:39.077 --> 02:36:40.945
It is a complicated process!
1443
02:36:42.233 --> 02:36:50.598
Also, Israeli society ideologically leans toward the religious perception that the
Palestinians are a burden.

1444
02:36:50.598 --> 02:36:56.982
Of course, like all colonized nations, some Palestinians play this game.

1445
02:36:56.982 --> 02:37:04.560
But it is all against the inside and outside Palestinians' rights.

1446
02:37:04.56 --> 02:37:08.050
If these are 15%, what are the other components?

1447
02:37:09.334 --> 02:37:13.671
Left or nationalist Jewish.

1448
02:37:13.671 --> 02:37:16.273
Actually, there are three parties.

1449
02:37:16.273 --> 02:37:26.769
The nationalist Zionism, which is the Likud party’s ideology and similar parties.

1450
02:37:26.769 --> 02:37:32.320
As well as the religious parties, from one extreme to another.

1451
02:37:32.32 --> 02:37:39.296
Because the Jewish movements are degrees, like the Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jewish
groups.

1452
02:37:39.296 --> 02:37:45.374
They merge and separate, and some parties form with new names.

1453
02:37:45.374 --> 02:37:55.008
Besides the weakening left parties that have no real role in Israeli politics.

1454
02:37:55.008 --> 02:38:00.303
Because as I said, it’s heading to combine nationalism with religion

1455
02:38:00.303 --> 02:38:04.452
which is dangerous and weakens the left party.

1456
02:38:05.473 --> 02:38:11.934
So, the Arab world must help the inside Palestinians.

1457
02:38:11.934 --> 02:38:16.182
Even if they had Israeli nationality, they are still Palestinians!

1458
02:38:16.182 --> 02:38:19.966
They must be dealt with and relieved from isolation.

1459
02:38:19.966 --> 02:38:26.423
And never deal with Israelis unless it is proven that they are against Zionism

1460
02:38:26.423 --> 02:38:31.999
and made great efforts against Israel and defend Palestine's rights.

1461
02:38:31.999 --> 02:38:34.047
It is commendable.

1462
02:38:34.047 --> 02:38:44.700
Some historians refused the Israeli narrative and approached the Palestine
narrative.

1463
02:38:44.7 --> 02:38:54.102
It was mentioned by prominent Palestinian historians like Nur Masalha and Walid Al-
Khalidi.

1464
02:38:54.102 --> 02:39:09.869
Even if the Zionist culture had traces on them, everyone against the occupation and
the Israel-Arab dispute must be helped.

1465
02:39:09.869 --> 02:39:14.546
It must be distinguishable!

1466
02:39:14.546 --> 02:39:18.463
-Thank you very much!
-Thank you! May Allah bless you! And thanks to the listeners!

1467
02:39:18.463 --> 02:39:19.910
Thank you!

1468
02:39:19.91 --> 02:39:38.180
[Credits]

1469
02:39:38.18 --> 02:39:46.497
This was Finjan, a product of thmanyah.
We publish with love, from Riyadh.

1470
02:39:46.497 --> 02:39:49.427
Until next week!
1471
02:39:53.392 --> 02:40:00.793
What do you think about Abdel Wahab El-Messiri’s work on the encyclopedia?

1472
02:40:00.793 --> 02:40:06.403
Dr. El-Messiri did a huge job which filled a large gap!

1473
02:40:06.403 --> 02:40:15.871
By the way, El-Messiri project was funded by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at the
beginning.

1474
02:40:15.871 --> 02:40:26.265
Many don’t know that such a project, which required huge funding, was funded by
Saudi Arabia.

1475
02:40:28.128 --> 02:40:31.788
Abdel Wahab El-Messiri went through two stages in his life.

1476
02:40:32.671 --> 02:40:37.095
The stage of the comparative English literature professor.

1477
02:40:37.095 --> 02:40:49.259
Then the Encyclopedia stage, and after that, he took the path of scientific writing
and political engagement.

1478
02:40:49.259 --> 02:40:52.251
Which is seen in his writings.

1479
02:40:52.251 --> 02:40:58.896
This Encyclopedia is one of its kind in the Arab world that filled the gap.

1480
02:41:00.812 --> 02:41:07.184
It must be known that it wasn’t all El-Messiri’s own work,

1481
02:41:07.184 --> 02:41:12.007
but a group of Egyptian and non-Egyptian professors wrote this encyclopedia.

1482
02:41:12.007 --> 02:41:17.837
El-Messiri is credited for gathering them to serve the project.

1483
02:41:17.837 --> 02:41:30.740
He selected what he saw fit of material for the Encyclopaedia.

1484
02:41:30.74 --> 02:41:42.889
And he altered some aspects which needed to be rewritten from an Arabic-Islamic
perspective.

1485
02:41:42.889 --> 02:41:49.060
The same as what Egyptians did when they tried to translate the Islamic
Encyclopaedia.

1486
02:41:49.06 --> 02:41:59.202
Some of them commented on some mistakes or misunderstandings.

1487
02:41:59.202 --> 02:42:09.120
This is the essence of El-Messiri project and some of the material needs to be
revised.

1488
02:42:09.12 --> 02:42:25.987
He wrote it intending to define the Jewish as a functional group according to the
sociology of knowledge.

1489
02:42:25.987 --> 02:42:38.396
If you don’t understand Jewish as a functional group, you wouldn’t be able to
understand the essence of the Jewish Encyclopedia.

1490
02:42:38.396 --> 02:42:47.368
The Jewish as a part of a colonial project in the Arabic region.

1491
02:42:47.368 --> 02:42:55.207
And they were functional even in Europe’s history.

1492
02:42:55.207 --> 02:43:03.947
We know about the Islamic-Jewish-Christian relationships in the Middle Ages.

1493
02:43:03.947 --> 02:43:09.401
Because the Jewish were called Rahadena Jewish.

1494
02:43:10.409 --> 02:43:12.919
The singular form is Rahdan,

1495
02:43:12.919 --> 02:43:17.613
which is in Tunisian dialect the clever man,

1496
02:43:17.613 --> 02:43:21.881
or who shows something and hides something else.

1497
02:43:24.136 --> 02:43:33.427
These Rahadenah merchants and translators were dealing with both Christian and
Islamic empires.
1498
02:43:34.181 --> 02:43:39.243
They chose these professions due to the conflicting relationship between the two
empires.

1499
02:43:39.243 --> 02:43:46.528
So there resembles a connection between these two civilizations.

1500
02:43:46.528 --> 02:43:53.280
The most prominent translators in the middle ages were from them.

1501
02:43:53.28 --> 02:43:57.532
Because the actual dispute of the Middle Ages was not between Muslims and Jewish.

1502
02:43:57.532 --> 02:44:04.022
Because the Jewish didn’t held no weight over the Islamic or Christian sides.

1503
02:44:04.022 --> 02:44:10.584
The actual dispute was between Christianity and Islam; it was a creed dispute.

1504
02:44:10.584 --> 02:44:18.064
The Jewish didn’t have a political entity that would make Christians or Muslims
fear them.

1505
02:44:18.064 --> 02:44:23.885
So, they were a marginalized connection between these civilizations.

1506
02:44:23.885 --> 02:44:29.287
As for El-Measiri, he filled a huge gap, may Allah grant him mercy.

1507
02:44:29.287 --> 02:44:36.141
But such efforts must continue even better than how El-Messiri left it.

1508
02:44:36.141 --> 02:44:40.857
I respect his national, Islam, and Arabic commitment.

1509
02:44:40.857 --> 02:44:46.401
And he tried to enlighten Arabs about the danger of the Zionist project.

1510
02:44:46.401 --> 02:44:54.418
He did a great job, and as with every man’s work, there are some correctable
aspects.

1511
02:44:54.418 --> 02:44:56.601
But he did his best work!
1512
02:44:56.601 --> 02:45:00.214
What is the symbolism of Kippa?

1513
02:45:00.214 --> 02:45:06.025
Humbleness!

1514
02:45:06.025 --> 02:45:10.498
Above all the knowers, there is a knower.

1515
02:45:10.498 --> 02:45:14.340
One of the interpretations.