BRINJAL

Eggplant, Aubergine,
Poor man’s cusp
Solanum melongena
Solanaceae
Indo-Burma
•Inflorescence: Cyme
•Day neutral
•Often-cross pollinated
•Mimosa pudica increases insect
activity.
•Serious weed: Orobanche (root parasite)
•Fruit type: Fleshy berry
• Heterostyly: (except in bunchy type
cultivars)

Maximum fruit setting takes place in long

styled flowers (70-86%)

• In Medium styled flowers, its 12-55%.

• There is no fruit setting in pseudo-short

and short styled flowers.

• Low temperature induce short styled

flowers and ovary splitting.
Pentamerous
flowers
•Fruit type: Fleshy berry
•Grafting on Solanum
torvum- to overcome soil-
borne diseases.
Grafting in brinjal
 Nutrition and importance
• Pigment: Anthocyanin
• Good source of Vitamin-B.
• Goitrogenic principle in dry fruit.
• White brinjal is preferred by
diabetic's patients.
•Glycoalkaloids:
•Solasodine
•Transgenic Brinjal
•By MAHYCO using Cry
1Ac gene against fruit and
shoot borer.
Temperature
•Optimum temperature for
normal growth and
development of plant and
fruits is 21-27°C
•Seed germination: 25°C
with >50% relative humidity
•Susceptible to severe frost.
Seed rate
• Seed rate for varieties: 300-
400 g/ha
• Seed rate for hybrids: 150-
200g/ha
• 1g of brinjal = 250 seeds
• 14% area under brinjal is
covered by hybrid varieties.
• Yield increased by Cu
application in brinjal.
Cultivated varieties:
• IARI varieties:
• Pusa Bhairav
• Pusa shyamala
• Pusa purple long (extra early)
• Pusa purple round
• Pusa purple cluster
• Pusa Anupam (Kt-4) (Pusa
Kranti × PPC)
• Pusa Kranti (PPL × Hyderpure
× Wynad local)
• Pusa Uttam
• Pusa Upkar
Cultivated varieties:
• IIHR varieties:
• Arka Keshav
• Arka Anand (For long transport)
• Arka Sheel (little leaf resistant)
• Arka Shirish
• Arka kusumkar
• Arka Nidhi
• Arka Navneet (round type) =
IIHR-22-1 × Supreme
CHILLI & CAPSICUM •Hot Pepper/
Bell pepper/
Sweet-pepper
•Capsicum spp.
•Solanaceae
•Tropical
America
•Fruit type: Multi-
seeded berry
•Often-cross
pollinated
•Cross pollination
percentage: 63%
•Pollination agents:
63%
 Climate
• Highest productivity- Andhra
Pradesh
• Chilli tolerates extremes of
climate than tomato and brinjal.
• Chilli flower drop: at >35
• Complete fruit drop at 40
Nutrition and Importance

•More Vitamin A & C than tomato

•Pepper powder is called as “Paprika”.
•Oleoresins
•Rutin
•Richest source of Thiamine and fiber.
• Pigments:
•Red color- Capsanthin
(36%) and capsorubin
•Yellow color- Lutein
•Orange color- β-
carotene
 Pungency:
• Pungency of Chilli- Capsaicin
• Pungency is measured by
Scoville Heat Units (SHU).
• Highest pungent Chilli- Bhoot
Jolokia
• Lowest pungent Chilli- Bell
pepper
 Seed rate
• Seed rate: 1-1.5 kg/ha
• Seed viability: 2 years
• Isolation distance for
foundation seed: 400m
• Isolation distance for
certified seed: 200m
Chilli varieties
• Pusa Jawala (NP-46A × Puri Red)
• Tolerant to thrips, mites and aphids
• Pusa Sadabahar (Pusa Jawala × C. frutescens)
• Resistant to mosaic virus and leaf curl virus)
• Pant C-1
• Punjab Lal (Mites, aphids & caterpillar tolerant)
• Arka Lohit (Suitable for both irrigated and
rainfed cultivation)
• G-1,2,3,4,5
• G4 (Bhagyalakshmi)
• G5 (Andhra Jyoti)- Cherry type fruits
• Mutant varieties
• MDU-1 (Gamma ray
mutant of K-1)
• Mosaic resistant variety of
Chilli: Puri Red
• Yellow anther type-
Bhaskar
Capsicum
• Bidirectional root system.
• Himachal Pradesh- leading off season supplier.
• First hybrid of Capsicum- Bharat by Indo
American Hybrid seed, Bangalore (1973)

• Other varieties:
• Sweet banana, California Wonder, King of
North, Yolo Wonder
• Arka Mohini, Arka Gaurav- USA
Introduction
• Arka Basant- Introduction from Hungary
• Pusa Deepti = Yolo wonder × Russian
Yellow
OKRA
Lady’s finger/ Queen
of vegetables
Abelmoschus esculentus
Malvaceae
Tropical Africa
2n = 130 [Polyploidy
(amphidiploid)]
Okra
 Climate
•Seed germination
temperature: 25-35
•Below 20 , seed will
not germinate.
•Flower drop: > 42
Nutrition and Importance:
• Rich source of Iodine; [Ca, K and Vitamin-
C]
• The roots and stems are used for
• Mucilage: Due to Galacturonic acid and
glucuronic acid- Polysaccharides present in
okra
• Okra seeds:
• Oil: 45%
• Protein: 20-30%
 Seed rate
• Summer season crop: 18-20 kg/ha
• Rainy season crop: 10-12 kg/ha
• Seed viability: 2 years
• Isolation distance:
• Foundation seed- 400m
• Certified seed- 200m
• Seed shattering is a major problem
in okra.
Varieties
• Selection:
• Perkins long green- Introduced from USA
• Harbhajan- Selection from Perkins long
green
• Azad Kranti- Resistant to YVMV
• Hissar Naveen- Resistant to YVMV
• Pusa Makhmali
• Pusa Sawani- Pusa Makhmali × IC-1542
• Day neutral variety
• Spineless
• Salinity tolerant
Varieties:
• Pusa A4 (A. esculentus × A.
Manihot ssp. manihot)
• Parbhani Kranti (Pusa Sawani ×
A. Manihot)
• Arka Anamika (A. esculentus × A.
tetraphyllus)
• Arka Abhay (A. esculentus × A.
tetraphyllus)
Varieties:
• Intervarietal hybridization:
• Varsha Uphar
• Lam Selection-1 × Parbhani Kranti
• Hissar Unnat
• Selection 2-2 × Parbhani Kranti
• Mutant varieties:
• Parbhani Tillu- Induced mutant (for processing)
• Punjab-8 (Induced mutant of Pusa Sawani by 1%
EMS)
• MDU-1 (Induced mutant of Pusa Sawani by
gamma irradiation)
• CO-2 (Suitable for dehydration)
• CO-3 (For both kharif and summer season)
Specific varieties:
• Export:
• Pusa A-4
• Parbhani Kranti
• Varsha Uphar
• Ratooning:
• Arka Abhay
• Pusa A-4
• Private sector:
• Adhunik
• Panchali
• Supriya
Pear shaped variety of tomato is?

•Punjab chhuhara
• Punjab chhuhara

•Pusa Red Plum

•Improved Meeruti
•Pusa Early Dwarf
Solanum pimpinellifolium is commonly
known as ?

•Pear Tomato
•Upright Tomato
•Currant tomato
• Currant tomato

•Potato leaf type

Indeterminate type of tomato is
suitable for?

• Open fields
• Processing purpose • Greenhouse
• Greenhouse
• All of these
Origin place for Chilli is?

• South America
• Ethiopia • Tropical
• India America
• Tropical America
Red color in Chilli is due to?

• Capsanthin
• Lutein • Capsanthin
• β-carotene
• Capsaicin
Arka Navneet is a high yielding
variety of?

• Chilli
• Capsicum • Brinjal
• Tomato
• Brinjal
Highest pungent hottest chilli in the
world belongs to spp.?

• C frutescens
• C chinense • C chinense
• C annuum
• C baccatum
Oleoresins are extracted from?

• Chilli
• Tomato • Chilli
• Okra
• Brinjal
Oleoresins are extracted from?

• Chilli
• Tomato • Chilli
• Okra
• Brinjal
Mucilage present in okra is due to?

• Polysaccharides
• Galacturonic acid • All of these
• Glucuronic acid
• All of these
Okra is a rich source of?

• Vitamins
• Fibers • Iodine
• Iodine
• All of these
Type of fruit in Okra is ?

• Schizocarp
• Capsule • Capsule
• Berry
• Utricle
Leading supplier of Capsicum is ?

• U.P
• A.P • H.P
• H.P
• None of these
First F1 hybrid of Capsicum is?

• Pusa Sanyog
• Arka Navneet • Bharat
• Yolo Wonder
• Bharat
Mutant variety of Chilli is?

• CH-1
• CH-2 • MDU-1
• MDU-1
• All of these