MAN0479

Mastersizer
Hydro Series Wet Dispersion Units

Mastersizer
Hydro Series Wet Dispersion Units
Publication date: 26 January 2024

MAN0479-09-EN
Disclaimer
Although diligent care has been used to ensure that the information in this material is
accurate, nothing herein can be construed to imply any representation or warranty as to
the accuracy, correctness or completeness of this information and we shall not be liable
for errors contained herein or for damages in connection with the use of this material.
Malvern Panalytical reserves the right to change the content in this material at any time
without notice.
Copyright notice
© 2024 Malvern Panalytical. This publication or any portion thereof may not be copied or
transmitted without our express written permission.
Malvern Panalytical Ltd. Malvern Panalytical B.V.

Grovewood Road, Malvern Lelyweg 1 7602 EA Almelo
Worcestershire WR14 1XZ The Netherlands
United Kingdom
Tel +44 1684 892456 Tel +31 546 534 444

Fax +44 1684 892789 Fax +31 546 534 598
info@malvernpanalytical.com
www.malvernpanalytical.com
Mastersizer® is a registered trademark in the UK and /or other countries, and is owned by
Malvern Panalytical Ltd.
Windows® is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation.
Tygon® is a registered trademark of the Saint-Gobain Corporation.
Igepal™ is a trademark of Merck KGaA.
Teepol L® is a registered trademark of Teepol Products.
Synperonic® is a registered trademark of Unichema Chemie BV.
Aerosol® is a registered trademark of CYTEC TECHNOLOGY CORP.

Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction to this manual 2
1.2 Where to get help 3
Chapter 2 Hardware features 5
2.1 Hydro series wet dispersion units - overview 6
2.2 Hydro MV and LV - basic operation 8
2.3 Hydro MV and LV features 10
2.4 Hydro EV - basic operation 20
2.5 Hydro EV features 22
2.6 Hydro SM - basic operation 28
2.7 Hydro SM features 29
2.8 Hydro SV - basic operation 34
2.9 Hydro SV features 35
2.10 Hydro series wet cell 47
2.11 Connection of the dispersion units 53
Chapter 3 Software overview 64
3.1 Make a measurement 65
3.2 Control of a dispersion unit via an SOP 65
3.3 Accessory controls panel 66
3.4 Manually controlled accessories 67
Chapter 4 Maintenance 68
4.1 Introduction and warnings 69
4.2 Maintenance schedule 70
I
4.3 Cell windows - inspect for poor background 74
4.4 Cell windows - remove and inspect 76
4.5 Cell windows - cleaning procedures 81
4.6 Cell windows - replace and re-assemble 86
4.7 Check and replace the sample pipes 92
4.8 Clean the covers 93
4.9 Perform a Quality Audit Standard measurement 94
4.10 Power connection, leads and fuses 94
4.11 Hydro dispersion unit specific cleaning procedures 94
4.12 Consumable kits 101
Appendix A Specifications and Regulatory 104
A.1 Specification 105
A.2 Chemical compatibility 109
A.3 Regulatory information 113
II
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to this manual 2
1.2 Where to get help 3
1
1.1 Introduction to this manual

This manual introduces the important features of the Mastersizer Hydro series wet dispersion
units.
Table 1.1 Hydro series dispersion units
Dispersion Description Model

unit number
Hydro SV Small volume (SV) automatic wet dispersion unit MAP3100
Hydro SM Small volume manual (SM) wet dispersion unit MAP3150
Hydro MV Medium volume (MV) automatic wet dispersion unit MAP3200

MAP3210
Hydro LV Large volume (LV) automatic wet dispersion unit MAP3300

MAP3310
Hydro EV Extended volume (EV) user-interactive wet dispersion unit MAP3400
Note: The Hydro MV/LV (MAP3210/MAP3310) dispersion units are fitted with an analogue
level sensor and a manual drain button. These additions to the Hydro MV/LV
(MAP3200/MAP3300) dispersion units are identified in the relevant manual sections.
The Hydro Series Wet Dispersion Units are compatible with the following instruments.
2
Table 1.2 Mastersizer variant hardware compatibility
Hardware 3000+ 3000 3000+ 3000E 3000+ 3000E

Ultra Pro Extended Lab Basic
Manual Hydro wet • • • • • •

dispersion units
(Hydro EV / SM)
Automated Hydro • • • • • •
wet dispersion
units (Hydro SV)
Automated Hydro • • • •
wet dispersion
units (Hydro MV /
LV)
This manual is a supplement to the following manuals:
l Mastersizer User Guide

l Mastersizer Basic Guide
WARNING - General hazard

The dispersion units or the samples to be measured may be hazardous if misused.
Before use, users must read the Health and Safety information in the Mastersizer
Basic Guide.
This manual focuses on specific issues of the Hydro series wet dispersion units that are not
covered by the above manuals.
1.2 Where to get help

This section gives information on the various channels in place to get help with your Master-
sizer system.
3
1.2.1 Website - www.malvernpanalytical.com

Our website offers a comprehensive range of resources for use by customers. It gives free
access to exclusive content including webinars, presentations, application notes, technical
notes, whitepapers, software downloads and more.
1.2.2 Help system

A full help system is supplied with your Malvern Panalytical software system. This provides
detailed reference information on all software features. To access this, press F1 or click the
Help button within the application (sometimes indicated by a question mark icon).
1.2.3 Technical support

All queries about the system must be directed to your local Malvern Panalytical representative,
quoting the following information:
l Model and serial number of the instrument (usually located on the outside casing of the
instrument).
l Software version (see File > About in the software).
l Firmware version (Technical support will inform you how to locate this information).
Visit www.malvernpanalytical.com to find your local Technical Support representative.
4
Chapter 2 Hardware features
2.1 Hydro series wet dispersion units - overview 6
2.2 Hydro MV and LV - basic operation 8
2.3 Hydro MV and LV features 10
2.4 Hydro EV - basic operation 20
2.5 Hydro EV features 22
2.6 Hydro SM - basic operation 28
2.7 Hydro SM features 29
2.8 Hydro SV - basic operation 34
2.9 Hydro SV features 35
2.10 Hydro series wet cell 47
2.11 Connection of the dispersion units 53
5
2.1 Hydro series wet dispersion units - overview

Sample dispersion units prepare and deliver sample to an optical unit so that it can be meas-
ured.
The Hydro dispersion units create a suspension of particles in liquid media which enables
particle-in-liquid size measurements of both aqueous and non-aqueous samples to be made
by the Mastersizer.
Figure 2.1 Mastersizer with Hydro EV and Hydro MV/LV dispersion units
A variable power ultrasonic system additionally enables particle agglomerates to be dispersed.
6
2.1.1 Dispersion units

Table 2.1 Dispersion unit selection
Dispersion Capacity Suitability Notes

unit (ml)
Hydro MV 120 Used to measure larger Dispersant added and drained auto-
sample quantities, as well matically.
as larger materials with
broad size distributions
Hydro LV 600 Useful when using solvent Dispersant added and drained auto-
dispersants, or when matically.
samples and dispersants
are either expensive or haz-
ardous.
Hydro EV 600 - 1000 The flexibility of the Hydro Measured in a standard laboratory
EV allows you to select dis- beaker rather than being added and
persant volumes suitable drained automatically.
for certain applications.
Hydro SV 7 Useful when the sample or Enables the Mastersizer to be used for
dispersant is toxic or particle-in-liquid size measurements.
expensive. Amount of
sample may limit amount of
dispersant that can be
used, or amount of dis-
persant may be limited
itself.
Hydro SM 120 Useful when the amount of Capacity is dependent on the length
sample available limits the of sample pipe used to connect to the
amount of dispersant that cell.
can be used to dilute it, or
where just a small volume
of dispersant is available.
7
2.1.2 Additional accessories: Heater/chiller unit (not shown)

Connection of a heater/chiller circulator unit to the water jacket connections at the front of the
wet cell, enables the temperature of the sample to be altered.
The heater/chiller circulator unit is not compatible with the Hydro SV.
2.1.3 Control of the Hydro dispersion units

The Hydro dispersion units can be controlled using the Mastersizer Xplorer software in two
ways:
l Automatically - as part of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). The software will guide
you through the measurement progresses.
l Manually - using the software accessory controls. These allow for individual selection
and operation of the dispersion unit's functionality, which is useful in method devel-
opment prior to SOP construction.
Note: A fully manual accessory connected to the optical unit will not have any automated or
manual software control but can be controlled directly.
2.2 Hydro MV and LV - basic operation

This section provides an overview of the working principles of the Hydro MV and LV. These
units operate in essentially the same way, a Hydro LV dispersion unit is shown in this illus-
tration.
8
1 2
1. Dispersion Unit 2. Cell
Figure 2.2 Hydro LV connected to MS3000 Cell
The dispersion unit [1] holds the sample and dispersant. Dispersant is added to the unit via the
lower or upper inlet port. These ports are controlled by the software. Alternatively, the dis-
persant can be manually added into the unit.
When the unit is filled to the correct level an internal light will flash. The software activates a
pump, which circulates dispersant to the wet cell [2]. Sample is then manually added to the
unit where a stirrer prevents settling or separation.
An ultrasonic transducer can also be used to aid dispersion and remove bubbles.
The sample can then be discharged through the drain outlet, which is again controlled by the
software. This outlet is compatible with most aqueous and non-aqueous dispersants.
9
Refer to the Mastersizer User Guide for advice on sample addition.
Note: The lower ‘to cell’ sample pipe has yellow identifier marks, the upper ‘from cell’ sample
pipe has blue identifier marks.
2.3 Hydro MV and LV features

This section identifies the main features of the Hydro MV (medium volume) and LV (Large
volume) dispersion units. A Hydro LV dispersion unit is shown in the below illustration.
4
8
9
1
7
3 6
10 12 11
5
1. Sample tank 7. Lower dispersant inlet port (aqueous dis-

2. Sample pump and stirrer persants)
3. Ultrasonic transducer 8. Upper dispersant inlet port (non-aqueous dis-

persants)
4. Tank cover
9. To cell / From cell connections
5. Status indicator
10. CAN connection
6. Drain Port
11. Auxiliary connection
12. Drain button (MAZ3210/MAZ3310 only)
Figure 2.3 Hydro LV with labels
10
2.3.1 Sample tank

The sample tank can hold up to 120 ml (Hydro MV) or 600 ml (Hydro LV) of sample and dis-
persant prior to circulation through the wet cell situated in the measurement area of the optical
bench.
The sample tank is normally filled using the dispersant inlet ports, though sample and dis-
persant can be poured directly into the tank if required. A light positioned in the dispersion unit
body above the tank will flash briefly when the tank is filled to the correct level.
Additionally, the tank contains a pump and stirrer assembly, while an ultrasonic transducer
attached to the tank helps to disperse the sample.
Once a measurement has finished, the tank can be emptied automatically using a drain valve
in the base of the tank. The sample fluid is emptied through the drain pipe out to a sink or other
waste container.
All functions of the tank area are controlled by the Mastersizer Xplorer software.
11
2.3.1.1 Sample Tank features

The tank assembly incorporates these features:
2 4 1 3
1. Tank light 3. Breather holes

2. Over-flow (castellations) 4. Baffles
Figure 2.4 Hydro MV sample tank
Over-flow system and drain

An over-flow is located underneath the metal shield on the top of the sample tank. This is indic-
ated by castellations at the bottom edge of the shield.
If too much fluid is filled into the tank, any excess will overflow into here and subsequently out
of the drain pipe at the rear of the unit. Overfilled tanks may lead to particles being lost via the
over-flow system. This will lead to an incorrect particle size distribution being reported.
CAUTION
If the tank is manually filled, make sure it is done slowly so the tank does not over-
flow. Never overfill the tank as spillage may occur once the pump starts. Clean any
spillage off the covers immediately to prevent damage.
12
Breather hole
A breather hole is incorporated into the metal shield on the top of the sample tank. This is used
to enable a sufficient draining rate when the tank is emptied.
Note: If the tank is underfilled, air may be pulled into the liquid. This will lead to an incorrect
particle size being reported.
Baffles
The tank incorporates baffles. These interrupt the sample flow and help mix the sample and
dispersant.
Note: The level sensor in the dispersion unit stops the tank being overfilled above a certain
level. This level, when the dispersant is detected and the tank light flashes, depends
upon the liquid that has been used in the tank. A threshold value needs to be applied to
the level sensor for all liquids other than water. If the tank fails to fill properly, this
threshold for the dispersant being used, may need to be adjusted. Refer to section 3.2
and section 3.3
Manual fill advice

Fill the tank slowly, until the light flashes - this indicates the correct level for sample addition
and running measurements. If the tank is filled higher than this, sample and particles could
drain into the over-flow system (drain). This will lead to an incorrect particle size distribution
being reported.
The tank fill indicator in the software also shows the fill level. Refer to Accessory control set-
tings - Hydro LV/MV in the Mastersizer User Guide.
2.3.1.2 Tank cover

The tank cover protects the tank from splashes. Always replace the cover after sample is
added to the tank.
To remove and replace the tank cover, hold on to the raised portions of the cover.
13
Figure 2.5 Dispersion tank cover
2.3.2 Sample pump and stirrer

The pump and stirrer keep the sample in suspension and continually circulate the sample and
dispersant through the wet cell.
The stirrer, located in the middle of the tank, agitates the sample/dispersant mixture to make
sure it is dispersed before a measurement. The pump in the base of the tank circulates the
sample through the wet cell located in the measurement area of the optical bench.
The pump and stirrer speed is controlled by the Mastersizer Xplorer software.
WARNING - Moving parts

Never put fingers into the tank when the pump/stirrer shaft is in operation.
CAUTION
Never operate the pump/stirrer at more than half speed with the tank empty.
2.3.3 Ultrasonic transducer

The ultrasonic transducer helps disperse samples. The power of the transducer is controlled
through the Mastersizer Xplorer software.
14
WARNING - Health hazard

Due to the possible risk of sonication of the blood and its unknown effects, never put
fingers in the tank when the ultrasonic transducer is in operation.
Ultrasonic transducers have a recommended usage lifetime. The Mastersizer Xplorer software
monitors this usage and will indicate, in the notification field, when the ultrasonic transducer is
near to, or has reached, its recommended usage time. When an ultrasonic transducer warning
is shown contact your Malvern representative for information on how to order a replacement
transducer.
Note: The Ultrasonics will switch off automatically after 20 minutes continuous use.
2.3.4 Status indicator

The status indicator shows the operational state of the dispersion unit:
l Blue - full intensity

The dispersion unit is operating correctly and the cell has been loaded into the optical
bench, i.e. the dispersion unit is “active”.
l Blue - pulsing
The dispersion unit is operating correctly, but its cell has not been loaded into the optical
bench, i.e. the dispersion unit is at “standby”. If communication has failed with the optical
unit, the dispersion unit will also be on standby, but the optical unit indicator will be off.
2.3.5 Drain port

Sample discharges from the dispersion unit through the drain port. A warning triangle warns
that the contents of the tank are drained from this pipe. The risk depends on the hazardous
nature of the dispersants/samples being measured.
Refer to section 2.11, and the Site requirements in the Mastersizer Basic Guide, for advice on
the positioning drain/waste pipe.
2.3.5.1 Connection of the drain pipe
1. Insert the pipe into the drain port connection.

2. Tighten the collar nut until fully secure.
15
Removal is the reverse of the procedure.
A 90-degree support bracket can be fitted to the drain pipe to direct the waste fluid into the
drain. Replacement drain pipes are available from Malvern Panalytical.
Note: Make sure that the drain end of the drain pipe is above the level of the waste liquid at
all times. It must not be under the surface of the liquid, otherwise the dispersion unit
will not drain efficiently.
2.3.6 Lower internally regulated dispersant inlet port - for aqueous

dispersants
CAUTION
This port is not chemically compatible due to the presence of an internal pressure
regulator.
The lower dispersant inlet port will be connected to a clean source of dispersant. For most
sample applications the dispersant will be water (aqueous). An internal pressure regulator con-
trols the dispersant input flow.
In the software the lower dispersant inlet port is referred to as Automatic Fill (Internal).
The valve will be in a closed state when in standby or when power is supplied to the access-
ory.
WARNING - Read the manual

Refer to the Mastersizer Basic Guide for the site requirements of the dispersant
input.
2.3.6.1 Connection of the lower/aqueous dispersant pipes
1. Press the lock down on the connection to open.

2. Insert the aqueous dispersant pipe into the connection until the lock is engaged.
3. Pull the dispersant pipe gently to make sure it is secure.
To remove, press the lock down on the connection and pull pipe to remove.
Suitable aqueous pipes are available from Malvern Panalytical.
16
Note: Using the Accessory controls in the SOP, the inlet ports can be used to both fill and
clean the tank. Refer to section 3.2.
2.3.7 Upper externally regulated dispersant inlet port (non-

aqueous dispersants)
For non-aqueous samples, the upper dispersant inlet port can be connected to a separate dis-
persant supply and is chemically compatible - refer to section A.2.1.
In the software this upper dispersant inlet port is referred to as Automatic Fill (External).
The valve will be in a closed state when in standby or when power is supplied to the access-
ory.
Refer to the Mastersizer Basic Guide for the site requirements of the dispersant input.
Note: The upper dispersant inlet has no internal regulator to control the dispersant input. It is
therefore recommended that the supply to this inlet is enabled and controlled through
the use of an external pump and cable.
2.3.7.1 Connection of the upper/non-aqueous dispersant pipe
1. The non-aqueous dispersant pipe is simply pushed onto the non-aqueous inlet port.
2. Make sure it is pushed on as fully as possible to prevent any leaking risk.
Note: Suitably compatible sample pipes must be used for any non-aqueous solvent used.
The inlet pipe has an outside diameter of 1/4 inch (6.35 mm). Suitable non-aqueous
sample pipes are available direct from Malvern Panalytical.
Using the Accessory controls in the SOP, the inlet ports can be used for both tank
filling, and cleaning. Refer to Accessory control settings - Hydro LV/MV in the Master-
sizer User Guide.
17
2.3.8 To cell / from cell connections

The sample from the dispersion unit is circulated through the cell via ‘to cell’ and ‘from cell’ con-
nections and the connected sample pipes.
2.3.8.1 To cell connection

The ‘to cell’ connections on the dispersion unit and wet cell have yellow identifier marks.
The bottom connection on the dispersion unit connects to the sample 'out' pipe. This is where
the sample flows out of the dispersion unit in to the bottom ‘to cell’ connection of the wet cell
(yellow collar) in the optical unit.
2.3.8.2 From cell connection

The ‘from cell' connections on the dispersion unit and wet cell have blue identifier markings.
The top connection on the dispersion unit connects to the sample 'in' pipe. This is where the
sample returns in to the dispersion unit from the top ‘from cell' connection of the wet cell (blue
collar) in the optical unit.
2.3.8.3 Connection of the wet cell sample pipes
1. Unscrew the pipe connection cap.

2. Insert the cap over the wet cell pipe.
3. Push the sample pipe onto the connection.
4. Screw the pipe connection cap back to the connection, until tight.
5. Repeat for all other wet cell and dispersion unit connections.
CAUTION
Stop the stirrer and make sure the cell and dispersion unit are empty before removal.
Note: Suitable aqueous and non-aqueous wet cell pipes are available from Malvern
Panalytical.
18
2.3.9 Connections
2.3.9.1 CAN connection

The CAN connection provides both the communications and power to operate the dispersion
unit.
The instrument and accessory are connected by the CAN cable included in the packaging.
2.3.9.2 Auxiliary connector

When required, the auxiliary connector (AUX) is used to connect any accessory that can be
used with the dispersion unit.
2.3.10 Drain button (MAP3210/3310 only)

Press this button to drain the sample from the dispersion unit. The drain function only works
while the button is pressed, release the button to stop the drain operation.
Note: The function will only work when in standby mode. It will not function once a meas-
urement has started.
19
2.4 Hydro EV - basic operation

This section provides an overview of the working principles of the Hydro EV.
1
2
Figure 2.6 Hydro EV connected to MS3000 Cell
The Hydro EV uses a standard laboratory beaker [1] to hold the sample and dispersant liquid.
Tip: 600 ml and 1000 ml beakers are recommended.
The pump head [2] tilts back allowing the insertion of a beaker that contains dispersant. The
pump head is then tilted forward, lowering the pump arm into the beaker. If the pump head is
raised at any time, the pump will automatically stop.
20
The pump is controlled by the software, circulating dispersant from the unit to the wet cell [3]
located in the optical bench. Sample must be added manually to the beaker.
A stirrer [4] agitates the sample to prevent settling.
Use of the ultrasonic transducer can also aid sample dispersion and remove bubbles.
When the sample has been measured, the pump arm is raised and the beaker is withdrawn.
Refer to the Mastersizer User Guide for advice on sample addition.
21
2.5 Hydro EV features

This section identifies the main features of the Hydro EV dispersion unit.
3 7
6 8 9
1. Sample tray area / beaker 6. Status indicator

2. Drip tray / beaker holder 7. To cell / From cell connections
3. Pump head 8. CAN connection
4. Sample pump and stirrer 9. Auxiliary connection
5. Ultrasonic transducer
Figure 2.7 Hydro EV with labels
22
2.5.1 Sample area/beaker

The sample beaker holds the sample and dispersant.
Beaker specifications:
l Capacity: 600 ml or 1000 ml

l Height: 15 cm max.
Dispersant is added directly into the beaker, which is then placed onto the sample area drip
tray, sample is then added as required.
CAUTION
Do not overfill the beaker as spillage may occur once the pump starts. Clean any
The tank contains the pump and stirrer assembly, and an ultrasonic transducer within the
sample flow path also helps to disperse the sample.
All functions of the tank area are controlled by the Mastersizer Xplorer software.
Once a measurement has finished, the pump head can be raised, and the beaker removed and
emptied in to a sink or other waste container.
2.5.1.1 Drip tray/beaker holder

The beaker holder supports the sample beaker under the pump head. Turn the holder over to
support either a standard 1000 ml laboratory beaker on one side, or 600 ml and smaller beaker
sizes on the other.
The drip tray under the beaker holder collects any minor spillages from the pump/stirrer head.
To clean the tray, lift it up by the cut-out on the left-hand side.
2.5.2 Pump head

By holding the pump head by the indent on the front face, the pump head can be raised and
lowered into the beaker of sample. When the pump head is lifted, the pumping action auto-
matically stops and the cell and sample pipes are drained of the sample and dispersant.
A light, positioned in the base of the pump head above the tank, is used to illuminate both the
beaker and the sample fluid within.
23
The sample pump and stirrer (described below) is attached to the bottom of the pump head,
whilst an ultrasonic transducer (not shown) within the sample flow path also helps to disperse
the sample.
2.5.2.1 Sample pump and stirrer

The sample pump and stirrer keep the sample in suspension and continually circulate the
sample and dispersant through the wet cell.
Figure 2.8 Hydro EV pump head and stirrer
The stirrer, agitates the sample/dispersant mixture ensuring adequate dispersion prior to a
measurement. The central sample pump (in the middle of the assembly) circulates the sample
through the wet cell located in the measurement area of the optical bench.
The pump and stirrer speed is controlled by the Mastersizer Xplorer software.

Never run the pump/stirrer without the beaker in place.
24

Never put fingers into the beaker while the pump/stirrer rotates.
CAUTION
Never operate the pump/stirrer at more than half speed with the tank empty.
2.5.3 Ultrasonic transducer

The ultrasonic transducer (not shown) within the pump head is used to help disperse samples.
The power of the transducer and the ultrasonic timer are controlled using the Mastersizer
Application software.
WARNING - Health hazard

Due to the possible risk of sonication of the blood and its unknown effects, never
place fingers in the beaker when the ultrasonic transducer is in operation.
Ultrasonic transducers have a recommended usage lifetime. Mastersizer Xplorer monitors

usage and indicates the status of this in the notification field. When an ultrasonic transducer
warning appears, contact Malvern Panalytical to order a replacement.
Note: The Ultrasonics will switch off automatically after 20 minutes continuous use.
2.5.4 Status indicator

The status indicator shows the operational state of the dispersion unit:
l Blue - full intensity

The dispersion unit is operating correctly and the cell has been loaded into the optical
bench, i.e. the dispersion unit is “active”.
l Blue - pulsing
The dispersion unit is operating correctly, but its cell has not been loaded into the optical
bench, i.e. the dispersion unit is at “standby”. If communication has failed with the optical
unit, the dispersion unit will also be on standby, but the optical unit indicator will be off.
25

Figure 2.9 Hydro EV cell connections

26

1. Push the wet cell pipes onto the connection [1]. Make sure it is pushed on fully to prevent
any leaking risk.
2. Place a retaining clip [2] over the connected pipes and compress using pliers to provide a
secure connection.
3. Follow the Hydro MV/LV wet cell connection procedure for connection to the wet cell.
Removal is the reverse of this procedure. Make sure the cell is empty before removal.
Remove the retaining clips by twisting apart using pliers to separate the teeth, allowing the clip
to be removed.
Note: Suitable aqueous and non-aqueous wet cell pipes are available direct from Malvern
Panalytical.
2.5.6 Connections
2.5.6.1 CAN connection

unit.
2.5.6.2 Auxiliary connector

When required, the auxiliary connector (AUX) is used to connect any accessory that can be
used with the dispersion unit.
27
2.6 Hydro SM - basic operation

The Hydro SM is designed for the measurement of samples in non-aqueous dispersants where
solvent usage needs to be minimized. This is ideal when the sample or dispersant is toxic or
expensive. This section provides an overview of the working principles of the unit.
1 3 2
Figure 2.10 Hydro SM connections and control
The tank [1] holds the sample and dispersant. The maximum volume of 120 ml is dependent on
the length of pipe used.
28
Aqueous or non-aqueous sample is manually added into the tank using a pipette or spatula. A
stirrer within the tank agitates the sample to stop any settlement or separation. The dispersion
unit controller [2] controls the speed of a pump within the tank. This circulates the dispersant
to the wet cell [3] in the optical unit for measurement. After measurement, the sample can be
disposed of through the drain outlet.
Refer to the Mastersizer User Guide for advice on the addition of sample.
2.7 Hydro SM features

This section identifies the main features of the Hydro SM dispersion unit.
1
5
2
4
1. Dispersion unit and sample tank 4. Drain port and lever

2. Sample pump and stirrer 5. To cell / From cell connections
3. Tank cover 6. Dispersion unit controller
Figure 2.11 Hydro SM with labels
29
2.7.1 Dispersion unit and sample tank

The dispersion unit is where the sample and the dispersant are mixed and then pumped into
the flow cell of the optical bench.
The sample tank can hold a maximum of 120 ml of sample and dispersant prior to circulation
through the wet cell situated in the measurement area of the optical bench. Sample and dis-
persant are poured directly into the tank as required.
CAUTION
Do not overfill the tank as spillage may occur once the pump starts. Clean any
The tank contains the pump and stirrer assembly.
Once a measurement has finished, the tank can be emptied using the drain valve lever in the
base of the dispersion unit. The sample fluid is emptied through the drain pipe out to a sink or
other waste container.
2.7.1.1 Sample pump and stirrer

The pump and stirrer keep the sample in suspension and continually circulate the sample and
dispersant through the wet cell.
The stirrer, located in the middle of the tank, agitates the sample/dispersant mixture to ensure
it is adequately dispersed prior to a measurement. The pump in the base of the tank circulates
the sample through the wet cell located in the measurement area of the optical bench.
The pump and stirrer speed is controlled by the Dispersion unit controller.

Never put fingers into the tank when the pump / stirrer shaft rotates.
CAUTION
Never operate the pump / stirrer at more than half speed with the tank empty.
30
2.7.1.2 Tank cover

The tank cover protects the operator from splashes and prevents dust from entering the sys-
tem when left for extended periods. It also prevents evaporation or the release of fumes when
the system is in use, for example when using a noxious solvent or sample.
Always replace the cover after adding sample to the tank.
2.7.2 Drain port and lever

The drain port is the exit point where sample/dispersant leaves the dispersion unit. The risk
depends on the hazardous nature of the dispersants/samples being measured.
Refer to section 2.11, and the Site requirements in the Mastersizer Basic Guide, for advice on
positioning the drain/waste pipe.
The drain port is operated using the drain lever.
l The drain is closed when the lever is fully back, and upright.
l The drain is opened by moving the lever forward, and flat to the base.
2.7.2.1 Connection of the drain pipe
1. Place the jubilee clip over the drain pipe.

2. Push the pipe over the drain port fitting.
3. Tighten the jubilee clip until fully secure.
Note: Replacement drain pipes are available direct from Malvern Panalytical.


31


To connect the wet cell pipes:
1. Push the wet cell pipe onto the connection.

2. Make sure it is pushed on as fully as possible to prevent any risk of leaks.
3. Follow the Hydro MV/LV wet cell connection procedure for connection to the wet cell.
Removal is the reverse of the procedure. Make sure the cell is empty before removal.
Suitable aqueous and non-aqueous wet cell pipes are available direct from Malvern
Panalytical.
32
2.7.4 Dispersion unit controller

The Dispersion unit controller is used to power and control the dispersion unit.
2 1 3 4 5
1. Pump/stirrer speed control 4. Power and CAN connection

2. Pump speed display 5. Dispersion unit connection
3. Power switch
Figure 2.12 Dispersion unit controller
2.7.4.1 Pump/stirrer speed control

This control alters the speed of the stirrer / pump and thus the flow rate of sample/ dispersant
through the cell.
2.7.4.2 Pump speed display

Indicates the speed of the pump stirrer in rpm.
2.7.4.3 Power switch

Press once to power on the unit, press again to power off.
2.7.4.4 Power and CAN connection

The CAN connection provides the power to operate the dispersion unit.
33
2.7.4.5 Dispersion unit connection

The dispersion unit connection provides both the control signals and power to the dispersion
unit from the dispersion unit controller.
2.8 Hydro SV - basic operation

The Hydro SV liquid dispersion unit enables particle size analysis using small volumes of
sample and dispersant, with a particle size typically less than 200 μm. This is ideal when the
sample or dispersant is toxic or expensive.
2 1
1. CAN connection 2. Cable
Figure 2.13 Hydro SV dispersion unit connection
34
The dispersion unit comprises a sample cuvette that holds the sample and dispersant liquid
together, the Hydro SV can contain a maximum volume of 7 ml.
Aqueous or non-aqueous sample is manually added into the sample cuvette. A stirrer bar is
added into the cuvette, and the cuvette then inserted into the cuvette holder within the Hydro
SV cell.
The complete cell is inserted into the cell bay of the optical unit. With the cell in position, a
motor within the cell rotates the stirrer bar that continually circulates the dispersant around
the cuvette to make sure it is adequately dispersed prior to a measurement. The stirrer speed
is controlled using the Mastersizer Xplorer software or front panel dial. Refer to the Master-
sizer User Guide for advice on sample addition.
Once measured with the Mastersizer optical unit, the sample can be disposed of. First remove
the SV cell, then remove the cuvette and dispose of the sample appropriately.
Note: As the Hydro SV incorporates a magnetic stirrer for the dispersion of the sample, it is
recommended that the Mastersizer is not used anywhere near external magnetic
fields, or used where stationary magnets may impact. These may affect the effect-
iveness of the stirrer bar sample dispersion.
2.8.1 Recommended sample criteria

l Size typically less than 200 µm
(sample and dispersant dependent)
l Non-magnetic samples only
l Non-abrasive samples
2.9 Hydro SV features

This section identifies the main features of the Hydro SV dispersion unit.
35
10
5 7 3
1. Cell shroud 6. Pipette entry

2. Cell handle 7. Stirrer bar motor
3. Sample cuvette and cuvette lid 8. Stirrer speed display
4. Unlock button 9. Stirrer speed control On/Off
5. Drip tray 10. Power and CAN connection
Figure 2.14 Hydro SV components
36
Note: The Hydro SV dispersion unit will generally be referred to as the "Hydro SV" or "SV cell"
or just "cell".
2.9.1 Cell shroud assembly

The cell shroud prevents the emission of laser radiation. It also prevents stray light affecting a
measurement and reduces noise emissions.
The cell shroud incorporates a mechanical shutter arm that opens when inserted into the
optical unit. With the shutter open laser light is allowed into the sample area. When the SV cell
is withdrawn, the shutter moves back into position to prevent the emission of laser light.

The system must never be used if the cell shroud or shutter arm is damaged.
2.9.1.1 Cell handle and unlock button

Never attempt to lift the optical unit by the cell handle. Read the Health and Safety
section of the Mastersizer Basic Guide for details of correct moving techniques.
To ensure optimal location prior to measurements being performed, a lock motor secures the
cell into a defined position when the cell is inserted into the sample area.
To remove the cell:
1. Press the unlock button on the cell handle.

2. This releases the lock motor and raises the cell slightly, ready to be withdrawn from the
optical unit.
2.9.1.2 Drip tray

Any overspills are captured within the drip tray and drained through a drain port at the front of
the cell and optical unit. If any liquid is noticed in the drip tray, remove the cell and tip the con-
tents away. Locate and fix any leaks.
37
2.9.1.3 Pipette entry
Note: Insert the pipette fully before injecting sample. Do not drip sample into the top of the
pipette entry hole.
The pipette entry enables you to add sample to the cuvette at the required obscuration range
once the SV cell has been inserted into the cell bay of the optical unit.
The internal pipette guide is curved to ensure the pipette is positioned above the cuvette open-
ing, and to prevent any escape of laser light during sample addition.
l Insert the pipette until it stops, then add sample to the cuvette being careful not to over-
fill it.
Note: The pipette must be removed once the sample is added.
2.9.1.4 Power and CAN connection

unit.
The instrument and accessory are connected by the CAN cable provided in the packaging.
2.9.2 Sample cuvette assembly

The sample cuvette is where the measurement of the sample is performed. The cuvette win-
dows allow the analyzer beam of the optical unit to pass through the cuvette and hence the
particle field. For optimum measurement analysis it is vital that the cuvette and cuvette win-
dows are kept clean of all residue.
A cuvette lid can be fitted to prevent any dust ingress into the cuvette, before placing the
cuvette into the SV cell.
For details on how to fill the cuvette with dispersant and then sample, refer to section 2.9.4.
The sample cuvette can be removed to allow cleaning - the cuvette locks are rotated and the
complete cuvette can be removed. The cuvette windows are delicate and should be treated
with caution. Refer to section 4.11.4 for details on removing the cuvette and cleaning the
cuvette windows.
The cuvette has a maximum capacity of 7 ml in total:
38
Max. (7ml)
Min. (6ml)
Figure 2.15 Sample cuvette
l This corresponds to a minimum volume of 6 ml dispersant + 1 ml maximum of sample. If

more than 7 ml of sample/ dispersant is inserted the cuvette will overflow.
l The maximum volume when filled to the bottom of the window chamfer is 7 ml.
l The minimum volume when filled to the marks on the metal work as shown in the illus-
tration is 6 ml. This is the amount of dispersant that the cuvette must be filled with to
make sure the background measurements are suitable.
2.9.3 Stirrer speed control, display and motor
2.9.3.1 Turn on
With the Power and CAN cables connected, power the unit ON by pressing on the speed con-
trol dial. Pressing again will turn the unit OFF.
39
The Hydro SV does not need to be located into the cell bay of the optical unit before it can be
turned on. This is so the cuvette can be filled, the sample agitated and any extra actions such
as checks for bubbles, liquid levels, or the addition of more sample/dispersant before insertion
into the cell bay.
2.9.3.2 Stir the sample

In the SV cell a stirrer bar is placed into the cuvette, and this is used to agitate and circulate
the sample/dispersant mixture within the cuvette to make sure it is adequately dispersed prior
to a measurement. The stirrer bar has a magnetic core which couples to the magnets on the
stirrer motor head. The stirrer motor then rotates the stirrer bar at a speed determined by the
SOP or the speed control dial on the front of the unit.
l The speed range is 500 to 1800 rpm.

l Press the dial to turn the stirrer on and off.
Note: The software stirrer slider bar, and the SV front panel manual control dial are syn-
chronized. Movement of the slider bar will alter the front panel display, and vice-versa.
Stirrer bar care

Refer to section 4.11.4 for details of the inspection, handling and cleaning the stirrer bar.
2.9.4 Fill the cuvette

Note: The cuvette and stirrer bar must be cleaned thoroughly before first use and before any
subsequent measurements are performed. Refer to section 4.11.4 for details.
The technique to fill the cuvette used with the Hydro SV is the same as for any cuvette. Make
sure that the dispersant is carefully injected into the cuvette with the minimum of bubbles pro-
duced.
The cuvette is filled and inserted into the SV cell while the cell is out of the optical unit.
Note: Try not to use dispersants with too high a viscosity. The greater the viscosity of the dis-
persant, the less effective the stirrer bar sample dispersion will be.
40
Note: Any aqueous dispersant must be degassed fully before use. For aqueous use only cor-
rectly degassed deionized water (negligible dissolved C02), or significant bubbles will
form on the windows and stirrer and will affect the quality of the measurement.
2.9.4.1 Fill the syringe
l If using an aqueous dispersant, a plastic syringe is sufficient.

l A glass syringe may be required for any non-aqueous dispersants.
l Fit the syringe tip onto the end of the syringe.
l Place the syringe tip into the dispersant, then pull the plunger back to draw the dis-
persant into the syringe - to a minimum of 6 ml.
Figure 2.16 Sample cuvette and syringe
Note: The maximum volume of the cuvette is 7 ml. This corresponds to a minimum volume of
6 ml dispersant + 1 ml maximum of sample. If more than 7 ml of sample/dispersant is
inserted the cuvette will overflow.
2.9.4.2 Fill the cuvette
1. Hold the cuvette at an angle, and with the syringe tip placed along an inner side of
cuvette, carefully inject the sample. The sample will flow along the side of the cuvette
and slowly fill it up.
2. Rotate the cuvette while it is being filled. This will prevent any spillage as the maximum
41
fill level is reached.

3. Continue to fill until the minimum volume fill mark is reached (minimum 6 ml).
Figure 2.17 Fill the sample cuvette
4. Place a stirrer bar into the filled cuvette.
Note: The stirrer bar must first be washed in the dispersant being used in the measurement
before inserted into the cuvette.
42
Figure 2.18 Sample cuvette with stirrer bar (circled)
5. Place the cuvette lid on to the cuvette and place into the SV cell. Datum/location points in
the corners of the cuvette holder aid correct insertion. The spout on the top of the
cuvette must face the front of the cell once inserted.
6. Secure with the cuvette clamps — make sure both clamps are fully in place after the
cuvette is loaded into the SV cell. Failure to secure the clamps may cause alignment and
measurement problems.
7. The stirrer bar will attach to the stirrer motor.
8. Press the speed dial to turn the SV cell on to test that the SV operates correctly. The stir-
rer bar should spin.
43
Figure 2.19 Stirrer bar in action in the sample cuvette
9. Place the SV cell into the cell bay of the optical unit and start the measurement.
2.9.4.3 Add the sample

Take a pipette and draw the sample into it - fill until the maximum fill mark is reached (max-
imum 1 ml).
Note: The cuvette can hold a maximum total volume of 7 ml of sample and dispersant. If the
amount of dispersant in the cuvette is more than 6 ml then the amount of sample used
must be less than 1 ml, otherwise the cuvette will overflow.
Figure 2.20 Pipette
44
When in optical unit:
Note: To perform this action the cuvette lid must not be fitted.
Specific pipettes are required for use in the optical unit.
1. When the measurement requests that sample be added, take the pipette and insert into
the pipette entry until it stops and cannot be inserted anymore.
2. Monitor the live display and add sample until the obscuration is in range.
3. Remove the pipette once the sample has been added.
Figure 2.21 Use of pipette in optical unit
4. Press Start to continue and complete the measurement.
45
When not in optical unit:
1. When the measurement requests the sample to be added, press the unlock button on the
cell handle and remove the cell.
2. Unlock the cuvette locks and place the cuvette alongside the SV cell. Make sure the
cuvette is kept vertical at all times.
3. Take a pipette and draw the sample into it - fill until the maximum fill mark is reached
(maximum 1 ml).
4. Insert the sample into the top of the cuvette.
Figure 2.22 Use of pipette in sample cuvette
5. Take the cuvette and place into the SV cell. Secure with the cuvette locks.
6. The stirrer bar will attach to the stirrer motor.
7. Press the speed dial to turn the Hydro SV on and test the SV operates correctly. The stir-
rer bar should spin.
46
8. Insert the SV cell into the optical bench. The instrument will again align, and the obscur-
ation should then be checked.
9. If the obscuration is acceptable, continue with the measurement. If the obscuration is not
acceptable, repeat the sample insertion.
2.9.4.4 Advanced measurement cuvette filling

The cuvette has a maximum capacity of 7 ml in total. This corresponds to a minimum volume of
6 ml dispersant + 1 ml maximum of sample.
If more than 7 ml of sample and dispersant is inserted, the cuvette will overflow.
Therefore, should the amount of sample and dispersant required to reach the desired obscur-
ation exceed 1 ml, which would overflow the cuvette, follow these actions:
1. First, fill the cuvette with dispersant (6 ml minimum).

2. Insert the cuvette into the SV cell and then the instrument. Perform a background and ini-
tial alignment.
3. The SV cell can then be removed and, using the syringe (with syringe tip attached),
extract an amount of dispersant.
4. Sample is now added into the cuvette, again to a 6ml minimum level.
5. Reinsert the SV cell into the instrument, perform another alignment and recheck the
obscuration.
6. If the obscuration is incorrect, remove the cuvette and add either more sample or dis-
persant as required.
7. Repeat until the obscuration is correct, then continue with the measurement.
2.10 Hydro series wet cell
CAUTION
The flow cell is an optical device. Scratches to the surfaces of the cell may affect per-
formance.
Each Hydro dispersion unit will be connected to a Hydro series wet cell.
Two wet cells are available, for use with aqueous or non-aqueous based samples.
47
Table 2.2 Types of wet cell
A standard wet cell for use with A chemically compatible wet cell for use
aqueous samples, identified by a with non-aqueous samples, identified by a
blue badge red badge with an R
The dispersion unit continually circulates the sample/dispersant from the dispersion unit to the
wet cell and through the analyzer beam of the optical unit so that a measurement can be per-
formed.
The cell windows in the wet cell are critical parts of the measurement optical path of the sys-
tem and should be kept clean and free from scratches at all times. Refer to Chapter 4 for
details on cell maintenance and cleaning.
Note: If the cell is not used for short periods (up to 24 hours), leave the cell and accessory
full of clean dispersant so that the cell windows do not dry out, leaving smears or water
marks on the window surface. If the cell is not to be used for longer periods, remove
and dry the cell windows.
48
2.10.1 Features of the wet cell

4
1
2
6
7
3 5
1. Cell shroud 5. Drip tray

2. Mechanical shutter activation arm 6. To cell/ From cell connections
3. Sample wet cell, cell windows and seals 7. Water jacket connections (Heat exchanger)
4. Cell handle and unlock button
Figure 2.23 Components of the wet cell
2.10.1.1 Cell shroud

The cell shroud prevents human access to laser radiation. It also prevents stray light affecting
a measurement and reduces noise emissions.
The cell shroud incorporates a mechanical shutter arm that opens when inserted into the
optical unit - Laser light is then allowed into the sample area. When the cell is withdrawn, the
shutter will move back into position to prevent the emission of any laser light.

The system must never be used if the cell shroud or shutter arm is damaged.
49
2.10.1.2 Sample wet cell, cell windows and seals

The sample wet cell is where the measurement of the sample is performed. The cell windows
allow the analyzer beam of the optical unit to pass through the cell and hence the particle field.
Note: Always keep the cell windows clean and free of residue. Failure to do so could impact
on the accuracy of your measurement. Refer to Chapter 4 for details.
Seal types
Two seal types are available for use:
l For the standard aqueous wet cell (blue badge) Fluoroelastomer (FKM) seals are fitted,
these seals are white.
l For the chemically compatible cell (red badge) Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM) seals are fit-
ted, these center seals are black and the window seals are white.
2.10.1.3 Cell handle and unlock button

Never attempt to lift the optical unit by the cell handle. Read the Health and Safety
section of the Mastersizer Basic Guide for details of correct moving techniques.
To ensure optimal location prior to measurements being performed, a lock motor secures the
cell into a defined position when the cell is inserted into the sample area.
To remove the cell:
1. Press the unlock button on the cell handle.

2. This will release the lock motor and raise the cell slightly ready to be withdrawn from the
optical unit.
2.10.1.4 Drip tray

Any overspills will be captured within the drip tray and drained through a drain port at the front
of the cell and optical unit. If any liquid is noticed in the drip tray, remove the cell and tip the
contents away. Locate and fix any leaks.
50
2.10.1.5 To cell / from cell connections

The sample from the dispersion unit is circulated through the cell via the ‘to cell’ and ‘from cell’
connections and connected sample pipe.
To cell connection
It is important that the sample flows up through the cell so that any bubbles in the flow path
can escape.
From cell connection

Connection of the wet cell sample pipes.

To connect the wet cell pipes:
1. Using the supplied spanner or with fingers, unscrew the connection cap.
2. Insert the cap over the wet cell pipe.
3. Push the sample pipe onto the connection.
4. Screw the connection cap back on to the connection, until tight.
5. Repeat for all other wet cell connections on the dispersion units and the wet cell.
Removal is the reverse of the procedure. Make sure the cell is empty before removal.
Suitable aqueous and non-aqueous wet cell sample pipes are available direct from Malvern
Panalytical.

Fully drain the cell and sample pipes before attempting to disconnect the cell.
51
2.10.2 Water jacket connections (Heat exchanger)

The temperature of the sample can be altered with the use of a heater/chiller circulator unit.
This is connected to the water jacket connections at the front of the cell.

Maximum pressure for water jacket connections is 0.5 bar g.
1. Water jacket connections (inlet/outlet ports) 2. Water jacket
Figure 2.24 Water jacket
The Heat exchanger consists of a 'jacket’ that surrounds the flow cell connection pipes. Cool-
ing/heating liquid is fed into this jacket to cool/heat the sample. The heat exchanger can be
used for two functions:
52
l To heat or cool the sample so that sample measurements can be performed at different
temperatures.
l To eliminate temperature fluctuations after any sonication of the sample. This can be
important when working with some organic solvents, where temperature fluctuations can
cause a slight misalignment of the system. This misalignment is caused by the changes
in refractive index that are observed in solvents as the temperature changes. This may
cause the presence of large particles to be reported and thus affect the particle size dis-
tribution measured by the Mastersizer system.
The water cooling would normally be provided by an external heater/chiller circulator unit. This
will be connected to the inlet â and outlet á ports on the front of the wet cell.
Always fill from the bottom inlet connection â. This is to prevent any air bubbles being caught
in the heat exchanger arrangement.
For most applications the heater/chiller fluid will be water.
l Refer to the Mastersizer User Guide and Mastersizer Basic Guide for the site require-
ments of the heater/ chiller fluid connections.
2.10.2.1 Connect the heater/chiller pipes

To connect the heater/chiller pipes:
1. Press the lock down on the connection to open.

2. Insert the heater / chiller pipes into the connection until the lock is engaged.
3. Pull the dispersant pipes gently to make sure they are secure.
2.11 Connection of the dispersion units

Connection of the dispersion units is described in this section. The Mastersizer User Guide
details specific connections to the optical unit.
53
2.11.1 Hydro LV and MV connections
HYDRO
3
4
5
8
2m max
1. Power cables from External PSU 5. Heater/chiller connections (optional)

2. CAN cable 6. Dispersant input: aqueous
3. Computer connection (USB) 7. Dispersant input: non-aqueous
4. Sample pipes to and from cell 8. Drain pipe to waste
Figure 2.25 Hydro LV and MV connections
54
To allow liquid to drain efficiently the drain/waste must:
l Be within 2 m of the dispersion unit

l Be lower than the bench surface
l Slope gently downwards
l Contain no loops or kinks.
Note: Discharge to a normal sink is sufficient, provided the sample and dispersant are non-
hazardous.
If connecting an external dispersant pump to the Hydro LV or MV units, refer to the

Hydro Series Wet Dispersion Units guide.
55
2.11.2 Hydro EV connections
HYDRO
3
4 5
1. Power cable from External PSU 4. Sample pipes to and from cell
2. CAN cable 5. Heater/chiller connections (optional)
3. Computer connection (USB)
Figure 2.26 Hydro EV connections
56
2.11.3 Hydro SM connections
HYDRO
3
6
4 5
7
2m max
1. Power cable from External PSU 5. Heater/chiller connections

2. CAN cable 6. Controller unit connection
3. Computer connection (USB) 7. Drain pipe to waste
4. Sample pipes to and from cell
Figure 2.27 Hydro SM connections
57
To allow liquid to drain efficiently the drain/waste must:
l Be within 2 m of the dispersion unit

l Be lower than the bench surface
l Slope gently downwards
l Contain no loops or kinks.
Note: Discharge to a normal sink is sufficient, provided the sample and dispersant are non-
hazardous.
58
2.11.4 Hydro SV connections
1. Power cable from External PSU 3. Computer connection (USB)

2. CAN cable
Figure 2.28 Hydro SV connections
59
2.11.5 External dispersant pump

Using the auxiliary connector on the rear of the dispersion unit an externally enabled pump can
be connected to control the flow of dispersant from an external source into the tank via the
upper dispersant inlet port.
Note: The External dispersant pump and external trigger control is only compatible with later
versions of software, please contact Malvern Panalytical for details.
2.11.5.1 Malvern Panalytical supplied peristaltic pump

Malvern Panalytical supplies an external peristaltic pump that can be connected and plumbed
into the Hydro LV and Hydro MV dispersion units. The pump will be used in conjunction with
the software, and activated when a specific fill or clean routine is selected.
Supplied components
l Pump
l Auxiliary Control cable
l Pipes. For chemical compatibility of the pipes, refer to Appendix A.
60
External dispersant pump connections
4
2
3
1
? 110
240
5
1. Power cable to Pump 5. Auxiliary control cable

2. Pump head 6. Retaining clip
3. Dispersant source
4. Dispersant inlet
Figure 2.29 Connection of dispersion unit to pump
Refer to the Connecting the Dispersion units section for connection of the Hydro LV and MV to
the Optical unit.
Pump setup
The information below on setting the pump is taken from the pump user manual. Refer to this
manual for complete information about the pump operation.
1. The pump must be set for the voltage specific to the country it is installed into. Set the
mains voltage selector at the rear of unit to the correct voltage for the country you are in.
Refer to the Peristaltic pump user manual.
2. Connect the power cable [1] into the rear of the pump.
3. Connect the auxiliary control cable [2] from the dispersant unit into the rear of the pump.
The pump must be set for Analogue-Automatic operation mode using the control cable and
Malvern software (Auto restart mode). In this mode the pump will automatically start in auto-
matic mode when turned on.
To do this:
61
1. Turn pump off using mains switch on rear of unit.

2. Hold down the Start button on the front of the pump, and turn the mains switch on. An
exclamation mark ( ! ) is shown on the screen.
3. Put pump into Analogue-Automatic mode.
Press Mode until ANA is displayed on screen. The word Auto is shown in the corner to
indicate that the pump is in analogue and automatic mode.
4. The pump is now set.
It will now always restart in Analogue-Automatic mode whenever the power is con-
nected.
Note: With the auxiliary control cable connected and the pump set to auto mode, manual
mode will not be available.

If the auxiliary cable is disconnected when the power is still supplied the pump will
briefly rotate. This may deposit any dispersant present in the pipes.
Pipe connection
The pump head [2] is uni-directional and travels anti-clockwise. The pipe must be connected
so that the flow travels from the right (the dispersant source) to the left (the dispersant inlet).
Also refer to the pump manual for complete information on installing the pipe into the pump
head.
1. Connect the pipe from the dispersant source [3] to the upper externally regulated dis-
persant inlet [4]. Pipe lengths up to 15 m can be used.
2. Place a retaining clip [6] over the connected pipe at the dispersant inlet and compress
using pliers to provide a secure connection.
3. Open the top of the pump head.
4. Set the pipe clamps to the correct pipe size.
Using the adjustment knobs on either side of the pump head, set the pipe clamps to
4.8mm as shown on the pump head scale (4.8mm is the inner diameter of the supplied
Tygon sample pipes).
62
5. Slide the pipe into the open pump head over the rollers. Make sure the pipe is not twisted
or stretched.
6. The head can be loosened or tightened around the pipes using the 2 adjustment knobs
on the sides of the pump head. Make sure that the head height is tight enough so that the
pipe cannot move forward or backward but loose enough that flow is not restricted.
7. Close the top of the pump head.
Control
Once setup the pump will always start in Automatic mode, with the pump automatically detec-
ted by the Mastersizer system. Commands to activate the pump are provided either by the
Sample dispersion–Accessory SOP window or the Accessory control panel. Refer to Chapter 3
for details.
Note: If the distance between the system and the liquid container is large, the system may
first need to be primed with a number of fill routines.
2.11.5.2 Ancillary switch unit

An ancillary switch unit is available to allow an external pump to be controlled from the Hydro
LV and Hydro MV dispersion units. This allows dispersant to be supplied from an unpres-
surized tank or flask. Contact Malvern Panalytical for more details.
Setup and control

The ancillary switch unit will activate the connected pump using the same software commands
as indicated above.
63
Chapter 3 Software overview
3.1 Make a measurement 65
3.2 Control of a dispersion unit via an SOP 65
3.3 Accessory controls panel 66
3.4 Manually controlled accessories 67
64
3.1 Make a measurement

How to make a Measurement with the Mastersizer dispersion units is fully documented in the
Mastersizer User Guide.
The dispersion units can be controlled in several ways:
l Automatically - as part of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). The software will guide
you through the measurement progresses.
l Manually - using the software accessory controls. These allow for selection and oper-
ation of the dispersion unit's functionality, which is useful in method development before
SOP construction.
Note: The system automatically detects which dispersion unit and cell is connected. If more
than one dispersion unit is connected, the system detects all dispersion units con-
nected, but only the dispersion unit that has its cell installed on the optical bench will
be “active”.
3.2 Control of a dispersion unit via an SOP

An SOP can be configured to control all settings for the dispersion unit automatically. When an
SOP configured to do so is run, the software will automatically fill the tank, set the pump, stirrer
and ultrasound to predefined settings, and once a measurement sequence is complete, flush
the tank to clean it.
The SOP Editor and setup is described in full in the Mastersizer User Guide. Most of the SOP
sections are common to all dispersion units, and these are described in this manual.
65
3.3 Accessory controls panel - EXTENDED FEATURE

Note: Users with the Basic software feature set control the dispersion unit with the Accessor-
ies option on the Tools ribbon.
Use the Accessory controls panel from the manual measurement mode to control the attached
accessory independently of the measurement process. This is useful when observing the
effects of variation to the accessory's settings on the Live laser and Light Scattering panels, in
order to optimize the sample's concentration and circulation prior to making a measurement.
This option could also be used as part of a manual cleaning process.
l Select Manual Measurement mode.

l Click the Accessory controls tab on the right. Each section can be collapsed to save
space on the Measurement window.
Figure 3.1 Accessory controls tab
Note: If required, click Stop to stop all operations and close all valves. The accessory is
returned to the standby status.
Tip: The controls are also available from the Active accessory control feature (Select Tools
> Accessories).
66
3.4 Manually controlled accessories

Manually controlled accessories may also be connected to the optical unit. These accessories
do not have an automated or manual software control, but will be controlled directly from the
control interface on the accessory itself.
Like the automatic controlled dispersion units, manual accessories are selected from the SOP
Editor:
1. On the Home ribbon, select New > SOP from the Documents group. To edit an existing
SOP, choose Open > SOP instead.
Figure 3.2 SOP template selection
2. Select a template and click OK.

3. Complete the SOP Editor as described in the Mastersizer User Guide.
3.4.1 Hydro SM
The Hydro SM is controlled via the speed control on the front of the controller unit.
Depending on the sample being measured and the SOP routine that is followed the speed of
the pump can be varied between 350 and 3500 rpm. The monitored speed is shown on the
front panel display.
67
Chapter 4 Maintenance
4.1 Introduction and warnings 69
4.2 Maintenance schedule 70
4.3 Cell windows - inspect for poor background 74
4.4 Cell windows - remove and inspect 76
4.5 Cell windows - cleaning procedures 81
4.6 Cell windows - replace and re-assemble 86
4.7 Check and replace the sample pipes 92
4.8 Clean the covers 93
4.9 Perform a Quality Audit Standard measurement 94
4.10 Power connection, leads and fuses 94
4.11 Hydro dispersion unit specific cleaning procedures 94
4.12 Consumable kits 101
68
4.1 Introduction and warnings

The topics in this section cover all the user maintenance procedures for the dispersion units.
Do not attempt any maintenance procedure not specified here.
Note: Maintenance procedures for the Mastersizer optical unit can be found in the Master-
sizer Basic Guide.
4.1.1 Warnings
4.1.1.1 General

The dispersion unit contains no internal serviceable parts. Never attempt to remove
the covers of the optical bench or dispersion unit. Removal of the covers invalidates
the warranty and may expose the user to dangerous laser radiation.
WARNING - Laser beam

Failure to follow these guidelines could result in the emission of laser radiation or
exposure to hazardous voltages. Laser radiation can be harmful to the body and can
cause permanent eye damage.
The dispersion units do not contain a laser but are connected to the optical unit that
does.
4.1.1.2 Magnetic Field
WARNING - Magnetic field

Pacemakers or other similar implanted devices may be affected. Wearers must stay
back at least 10 cm from instrument.
69
4.1.1.3 Maintenance and cleaning
Read the manual

Before carrying out any maintenance operation, read and observe the Health and
safety warnings listed in the Mastersizer Basic Guide.

Before cleaning, always disconnect the unit from the power supply and computer
and disconnect all electrical cables. Make sure the unit is completely dry before re-
applying power.
4.2 Maintenance schedule

Follow the maintenance schedule below to keep the Hydro dispersion unit working well. This
list is only a guide. The exact frequency at which to perform tasks depends on many factors,
including:
l The samples being measured.

l The dispersant being used.
l The environmental conditions.
l The number of measurements made (frequency of use).
The procedures indicated below for each Hydro dispersion unit are described in their respect-
ive topics.
70
4.2.1 Hydro MV / Hydro LV

Table 4.1 Cleaning procedures for MV/LV dispersion unit
Procedure Period/situation
Inspect cell windows for The cell windows should be checked for general cleanliness every day.
dirt and scratches They should also be checked if either of these are seen during a back-
ground measurement:
l One of the first few detectors displays a value above 100 light energy
units.
l Background signal over 20 light energy units recorded by one of the
detectors above detector 20 (see below).
Either of these situations would indicate a poor background that will affect
the quality of any measurements.
Check the window seals At least once a month. Always watch for signs of leaks and rectify imme-
for damage diately.
Clean the covers Once a month.
Clean the sample flow Contamination by coarse particles or bubbles in the dispersant may cause
path fluctuations in the background. Clean the sample path with the clean
options.
Clean the sample tank If the dispersant type is changed, or if sample is seen to adhere to the
sample tank and the normal flush routine fails to remove it
Replace the dispersant If the dispersant pipe leaks or becomes discolored. This may allow bubbles
pipe to enter, causing rapid fluctuations in the background.
Perform a Quality Audit At least once a week or as internal quality procedures specify.
Standard measurement
71
4.2.2 Hydro EV
Table 4.2 Cleaning procedures for EV dispersion unit
ground measurement:
units.
for damage diately.
path fluctuations in the background. Clean the sample path with the clean
options.
Inspect and clean the If the dispersant type is changed, or if sample is seen to adhere to the
sample pump head sample tank and the normal flush routine fails to remove it
Replace the dispersant If the dispersant pipe leaks or becomes discolored. This may allow bubbles
pipe to enter, causing rapid fluctuations in the background.
72
4.2.3 Hydro SM
Table 4.3 Cleaning procedures for SM dispersion unit
ground measurement:
units.
for damage diately.
path fluctuations in the background.
Inspect and clean the If the dispersant type is changed, or if sample is seen to adhere to the
tank sample head and the normal clean routines fails to remove it.
Replace the dispersant If the pipe leaks or becomes discolored. This may allow bubbles to enter,
pipe causing rapid fluctuations in the background .
73
4.2.4 Hydro SV
Table 4.4 Cleaning procedures for SV dispersion unit
ground measurement:
units.
Check cuvette body for Periodically check for leaks from the cuvette body. If leaks occur or dam-
leaks and damage age is visible contact Malvern Panalytical.
Pipette guide pipe Clean as necessary. Check for damage and make sure guide pipe align-
ment for sample addition into the cell is correct.
Inspect cell holder Clean the area where the cuvette is positioned.
Check condition of the cuvette locks – do they work correctly.
4.3 Cell windows - inspect for poor background

Inspect the cell windows for cleanliness every day and after each measurement session.
4.3.1 Material stuck to windows

Significant scattering on the detector channels, as shown below [1], often indicates that fine
material is stuck to the cell windows:
74
Figure 4.1 Result of scattering on detector channels
If your system displays high detector channels, refer to section 4.5, and remove and clean the
cell windows.
4.3.2 Contaminated dispersant or air bubbles in system

Contamination by coarse particles or bubbles in the dispersant may cause fluctuations in the
background over time.
This shows as rapidly changing signals [1] on the first few detectors. For example, the Light
Energy signals for a detector may show 20 units one moment and then 200 units the next as
shown in the below:
75
Figure 4.2 Result of dispersant contamination
Bubbles may enter the system because of high pump or stirrer speeds with viscous dis-
persants or those containing surfactants, or due to leaking pipes or seals. Check and replace
any damaged pipes or seals as described in section 4.7.
4.4 Cell windows - remove and inspect

Inspect the cell windows used with the Hydro dispersion units for cleanliness every day and
after each measurement session, as described in section 4.3.
To clean the system, rinse through with fresh dispersant twice. This is usually sufficient to
clean the cell windows and prepare for a new measurement. If you cannot achieve a good
background measurement, clean the cell windows.
Before you start:
l Ensure that the cell has been drained of dispersant and remove the cell assembly from
the optical unit.
l Replace windows if necessary. Always replace both windows at the same time, as the
second window will probably fail an inspection soon after the first.
76
Note: The cell window faces must not be touched directly during the removal and replace-
ment procedure. Place Lens tissues over the window faces where necessary.
Also use Standard laboratory gloves when handling the wet cell seals. Malvern Pana-
lytical recommends disposable, powder free, nitrile (NBR) gloves.
4.4.1 Cell cover plate removal:
1. Remove the wet cell as shown:

l Lift the cell lock lever [1].
l Rotate the cell lock lever [2] to release the cell front cover plate.
l Once unlocked, remove the cover plate [3] from the cell holder assembly.
Figure 4.3 Cover plate removal
77
4.4.2 Cell cover plate disassembly
1. Take the cover plate and lay it onto a clean lens tissue with the center seal facing up.
2. Remove the center seal from the cell cover plate by pulling it up from one end.
Figure 4.4 Cover plate center seal removal
3. Hold the cover plate slightly above a clean lens tissue. Push the cell window out from the
cover plate onto the lens tissue.
Figure 4.5 Separation of cell window from cover plate
78
4. Remove the window seal from the cover plate by lifting it out from the seal cavity.
Figure 4.6 Cover plate window seal removal
79
4.4.3 Cell holder disassembly
1. Remove the cell holder window by pushing it up from the inside. As the window begins to
come out, hold it by the ground edges and place it onto a clean tissue.
Figure 4.7 Cell holder window removal
2. Remove the cell holder window seal.
CAUTION
The outer faces of the cell window are optically coated - treat them with the same
care as a camera lens.
4.4.4 Cell window inspection and cleaning
1. Inspect both sides of the cell window. If there are traces of scratches replace the win-
dows. Spare windows can be obtained from Malvern Panalytical.
2. Remove any dust on the window surfaces using a compressed gas duster can. Keep the
can upright in use to prevent liquid propellant emerging. Do not shake the can imme-
diately before use or it will emit liquid propellant.
80
CAUTION
Do not wipe the windows with an ordinary dry cloth as this will cause scratches.
Always use the procedure below to clean the surfaces.
3. Inspect the window by reflected light for smears or prints.

4. Clean the windows as described in section 4.5.
Note: Removal and refitting of the cell windows will change their position. Alignment during
the subsequent measurement is essential, refer to the Mastersizer User Guide for
more information.
4.5 Cell windows - cleaning procedures

Follow these guidelines to clean the windows of the dispersion units.
Note: The cell window faces must not be touched directly during the removal and replace-
ment procedure. Place lens tissues over the window faces where necessary. Use
standard laboratory gloves in all cell seals, cell cover plates and cell windows main-
tenance procedures. Malvern Panalytical recommends disposable, powder free, nitrile
gloves.
4.5.1 General guidelines

Keep optical components as clean as possible to prevent additional light scattering from dust
particles affecting your measurement.
When optical components have been used for a long period of time, assume that they need to
be cleaned. As they are also very expensive, take a careful approach, use minimal pressure
against the surface of the windows to avoid scratches.
When cleaning a window:
81
l Take all precautions to avoid grease from fingers being transferred to the surface.
l Make sure only tissue comes into contact with the surface. Do not apply too much pres-
sure as grit may scratch the window.
l Never use rubber gloves to hold the window. These invariably contain oils and short
chain polymers which can be harder to remove than finger smears.
CAUTION
Silicone oils adhere strongly to glass. If deposited on the glass surface the com-
ponent will be ruined.
4.5.2 Cleaning steps

Depending upon the quality and cleanliness of the windows, use the appropriate techniques to
clean as described. Read through each step to determine the correct techniques required.
These are described in order of severity and contamination.
Inspect the cell window in reflected light from a fluorescent light or other light source.
4.5.2.1 Gritty surface particles/smeared surface - with grit

If the surface has fingerprints on it or has not been cleaned for a long time, assume there is grit
present. First wash the surface then wipe it as described - refer to section 4.5.3 and section
4.5.6.
4.5.2.2 Dusty surface

If the surface is just dusty use a clean air aerosol duster or soft brush - refer to section 4.5.4
and section 4.5.5. If marks are still present after this, wipe the surface as described in section
4.5.6.
4.5.2.3 Smeared surface - no grit

If the surface is smeared and you are sure there is no grit on it, wipe the surface as described
in section 4.5.6.
82
CAUTION
The outer faces of the windows have an anti-reflective coating and are more prone
to scratches than the inner surfaces. Be careful not to touch the faces of the win-
dows or put them down on dirty surfaces.
4.5.3 Wash cell windows

Wash the cell windows if there are particles deposited on the surface.
4.5.3.1 Requirements
l Neutral detergent, such as Decon 75 (most detergents used to clean glassware can be
used if sufficiently dilute)
l Soft brush, such as sable
l Petri dish
l Ethanol bottlewash
4.5.3.2 Procedure
CAUTION
Throughout this procedure, apply only minimal pressure to the surface with the
brush. Never rub with the brush.
Note: Greasy smears or o-ring marks will not be removed by this process – refer to section
4.5.6 for information.
1. Remove the window from the cell.

2. Pour a small amount of dilute detergent solution into a petri dish. For heavily soiled win-
dows, or when contamination with grit is suspected, use a greater dilution.
3. Hold the window above the dish with the surface to be cleaned tilting downwards.
4. Using the brush, apply light strokes to wash the solution across the surface. Allow the
liquid to run freely across the surface.
5. When the surface has been flooded a few times, gently flick away any dirt from the con-
83
taminated parts of the window with the wet brush.

6. After both sides of the surface have been cleaned, flood the surface with ethanol to rinse
off the dilute detergent solution.
Wipe the cell windows as described in section 4.5.6 to produce the final clean surface.
4.5.4 “Clean air” aerosol dusters

If used appropriately, aerosol dusters can quickly clean the worst dust off a component. These
cans use liquefied butane which boils off when the valve is pressed down and produces a
blast of gas to blow dust off the optical surface.
Note: Do not use these in a dusty environment as they can stir up settled dust, which then
settles on the surface to be cleaned.
The aerosols only remove the largest and most loosely attached dust particles, but can often
deposit droplets of liquid butane on the optical surface. These droplets boil away leaving a
mark on the surface. This effect can be limited by keeping the aerosol perfectly upright, and
first squirt the aerosol in a safe direction to test and make sure the nozzle is clean.
Once the dust is removed, wipe the cell windows as described in section 4.5.6 to produce the
final clean surface.
4.5.5 Brushing optical surfaces

Note: Avoid a typical “brush” action - as the brush is moved sideways grit trapped in the
brush is dragged across the surface leaving scratches. These scratches accumulate
with subsequent cleaning, causing early failure of the component.
Do not touch the brush itself as grease from fingers will stick to the brush and be trans-
ferred to the window when the brush is used.
Camera suppliers sell large soft brushes to brush off dust from camera lenses. These often
have a bulb attachment to blow gently on the lens to assist in dust removal. Use the brush with
a light flick action to knock dust off with minimal pressure to the surface.
Once the dust is removed, wipe as described in section 4.5.6 to produce the final clean sur-
face.
84
4.5.6 Wipe cell windows
1. Fold a piece of lint free cloth (a good quality proprietary lens tissue is best) into quarters.
Note: The edge that wipes the surface should be large enough to span the whole width of
the window. If the tissue is too small a corner of the wipe will be drawn across the sur-
face, and leave a smear.
Do not touch the window with fingers.
CAUTION
Never use acetone to clean optical components as the adhesives used to bond them
may leach out and be deposited across the component, and render it useless.
Ethanol is much safer.
2. Grip the tissue about half way down, dampen the edge of the tissue with a small quantity
of ethanol (too much will flood the tissue). Allow the ethanol to soak in.
3. Note any marks and smears. Inspect the window in reflected light from a fluorescent light
or other light source.
4. Breathe gently on the window, and allow warm moist air to condense on the optical sur-
face, to produce an even fog over the window without wet spots. Immediately wipe the
whole surface in a single positive action before the condensed water vapor evaporates.
Do not put fingers behind the tissue to press it down - use the stiffness of the tissue to
hold itself against the surface, and curve the tissue to increase the pressure if necessary.
This not only limits the pressure that can be applied to the surface but prevents grease
being dissolved off the fingers and passed through the tissue and onto the surface.
5. Use each tissue for one pass only as it will become loaded with grease. Use of this tissue
a second time will deposit grease back onto the surface. Grit that had previously been lif-
ted may also scratch it.
6. Re-inspect the window. If it is still marked, repeat the procedure with a new clean tissue.
Note: If marks remain, use a liquid cleaner such as Ethanol Absolute or Propan-2-ol. This can
be soaked on a cotton wool bud and wiped across the window gently. To avoid
scratches, after one pass over the window discard the bud. Re-inspect the window
and repeat until clean.
85
4.6 Cell windows - replace and re-assemble

The procedures below detail how to fit a new cell window into the cell seal and reinsert it into
the wet cell plate/holder.
4.6.1 Lubricate the seals before fitting

The circular section of the new seals is difficult to press down into the recess of the cover
plate or main cell body. This will make it very hard to get the circular section to sit flush with
the flat surface of the metalwork.
If this is the case, you will need to lubricate the seal to make it easier to fit. The choice of lub-
ricant will depend on the tightness of the seals and the dispersant to be used.
l Water. Use water if you will be using water as your dispersant, or if the dispersant is read-
ily miscible with water (such as ethanol).
l Other dispersant. If you are using an oil or a dispersant that is immiscible with water
(such as white spirit) try to use the dispersant itself.
l Soluble lubricant. If the seals are very tight, or the dispersant is unsuitable for use as a
lubricant (it may be volatile or hazardous) you will need to use a soluble lubricant.
However, the lubricant must be cleaned away from the inner faces of the seal before you
can make a measurement with the cell.
After you have assembled the cell window into the seal, wet a cotton bud with the lubricant.
Wipe it around the inside of the window recess in the cover plate or main cell body. Fit the win-
dow and seal immediately, so the lubricant does not dry out. With particularly tight seals you
may have to wipe around the inside and outside surfaces of the circular section of the seal as
well.
86
4.6.2 Re-assemble cell cover plate

Note: Holding the window in profile (ground edge facing towards you), it can be seen that
the diameter of one face is smaller than the other. Make sure that when placing the win-
dow the smaller diameter faces out of the cell.
1. Take the window seal and lubricate the inside and underside rings.
2. Insert the window seal into the seal cavity using the locating lugs as a guide.
Figure 4.8 Cover plate window seal placement
3. Without touching the window faces, remove a cell window from its protective paper wrap-
ping. Hold by the ground edges of window.
4. Lubricate the ground edges, then place face down onto the window seal.
87
Figure 4.9 Cover plate window placement
5. Take the applicator tool and place the open end onto the window and push down firmly
until a click is heard.
Figure 4.10 Cover plate window application
6. Take the center seal and place on the cover plate. Line up the lugs on the seal with the
cut-outs on the cover plate.
88
Figure 4.11 Cover plate center seal placement
7. Without touching the exposed window face, push the seal into place in the cover plate:
l Push the seal/window down at the D shaped lugs.
l Repeat, making sure to push in the seal body as well as the locating lugs.
Figure 4.12 Seal fitted correctly
8. Once finished:
l The circular section of the seal must be flush with the flat surface of the cover plate
and the glass. It cannot bulge out.
l Check that there are no gaps under the seal track.
89
9. Remove any lubricant, as described in section 4.6.3.1.
4.6.3 Re-assemble the cell holder
1. Lubricate the seal, then place into cavity.

2. Take the stabilizing tool and place the cell holder on top. Use the arrow as a guide.
Figure 4.13 Stabilizing cell holder for assembly
3. Take the window seal and lubricate its inside and outside edges.
4. Place the window seal into the seal cavity using the locating lugs as guides.
5. Lubricate the window edges, then place face down onto window holder. Do not push in
to place yet.
90
Figure 4.14 Place cell holder window
3. With the applicator tool firmly push the window into the holder until a click is heard.
Figure 4.15 Cell holder window application
91
4.6.3.1 Removal of soluble lubricant

If you are using a water-soluble lubricant, such as KY Jelly, you can wash away the lubricant
with a wash-bottle of Deionised Water. Gently stroke the outside of the lubricated junction
with a cotton bud when washed with water.
l If you are using water as a dispersant you can reassemble the cell and proceed to make
measurements.
l If you are using a dispersant that is immiscible with water then you should wash away the
water with ethanol or IPA and then dry the cell. You can gently warm the cell and blow
clean air at it to increase evaporation. Mop up any droplets of alcohol on the metalwork
with an absorbent lens tissue. Place the cell on edge, so the alcohol collects at the edge
of the window. Touch the corner of an absorbent lens tissue to any droplets of alcohol
that collect at the edge of the window to speed up the drying and limit any marks.
l If you have used a temperature-sensitive dispersant you may have to allow the cell to
settle back to the ambient temperature before making measurements.
4.7 Check and replace the sample pipes

Do not allow dispersant or sample to come into contact with the skin. Some dis-
persants and samples may cause injury.
CAUTION
When the pipes are changed do not allow any dispersant or sample to come into con-
tact with the system covers. Some samples can cause permanent damage to the sur-
faces.
If organic solvents are regularly used as dispersants, the flexible pipes that connect the dis-
persion unit to the wet cell may become hard and discolored. When the sample pipes lose their
elasticity, air will leak into the system at the connections to the sample unit and cell. The res-
ultant bubbles that then enter the system cause instability in the backgrounds and sample
measurements.
When pipes harden, any movement of a dispersion unit relative to the optical unit may cause
the pipes to become detached.
92
To change the pipes:
1. Make sure that the dispersion unit, wet cell and pipes are fully drained, and then remove.
2. Push the new pipes onto the pipe boss to a minimum of 7 mm.
3. Then secure, where fitted, with the aluminum pipe connectors.
The sample pipe originally supplied by Malvern is Tygon available from Cole-Parmer Instru-
ment Company. Tygon is chemically compatible with a wide range of materials. Contact the
manufacturer for full information on compatibility.
To retain chemical compatibility:
l Always replace the sample pipes with pipes of the same or better grade.
l Always check the compatibility of new pipes with the samples to be used on the system.
Refer to section A.2.1 .
The specification of the sample pipes supplied with the dispersion unit is:
Table 4.5 Sample pipe specification
Internal diameter External diameter Wall thickness
3/16" 5/16" 1/16"

(4.8 mm) (8.0 mm) (1.6 mm)
4.8 Clean the covers
CAUTION
The surfaces of the system may be permanently damaged if samples or dispersants
are spilled on them. If a spillage occurs, disconnect the system from the power sup-
ply before you begin to clean.
l Periodically clean the covers thoroughly with a mild soap solution.

l Never clean with excessive liquid and always avoid electrical components (connectors,
etc.) and the cell windows.
l Never clean with a solvent based solution as it may damage the surface.
93
4.9 Perform a Quality Audit Standard

measurement
Malvern Panalytical supplies a Quality Audit Standard (QAS) specifically designed to test the
performance of the dispersion unit. It is recommended this is performed at least once a week
or as an internal quality procedure.
The QAS is supplied with instructions to enable the measurement to be easily followed and per-
formed.
Contact Malvern Panalytical for more information.
4.10 Power connection, leads and fuses

Power is supplied to the Mastersizer dispersion units via the CAN cable from the Mastersizer
optical unit. This cable supplies both power and communications for the dispersion unit.
Consult the Mastersizer User Guide and Mastersizer Basic Guide for maintenance information
on the optical unit and power connections.
4.11 Hydro dispersion unit specific cleaning

procedures
This section provides information about dispersion unit specific procedures.
4.11.1 Hydro MV/LV procedures
4.11.1.1 Clean the flow path

Rinse fresh dispersant through the cell windows, system pipes and sample flow path a couple
of times. This is usually sufficient to prepare the system prior to a new measurement, use the
clean routine. It is also possible to specify a clean sequence as part of a manual or SOP meas-
urement. Refer to the Mastersizer User Guide for more information.
94
4.11.1.2 Clean the tank

Never put fingers in the tank when the pump/ stirrer shaft is rotated.
Usually the measurement’s clean routine is sufficient to keep the tank clean. However, over
time deposits may accumulate in the tank.
Inspect the tank once a week. If it needs to be cleaned, disconnect the dispersion unit from
the mains power and use a bottle brush to clean it. Use a detergent (e.g. Decon 90) if required.
Make several clean flushes to clear all traces of detergent and deposits in the tank.
4.11.2 Hydro EV procedures
4.11.2.1 Inspect and clean the sample head and flow path
Drain and rinse the beaker, then circulate clean dispersant through the cell a few times. Usu-
ally this is sufficient. But over time deposits may accumulate on the pump/stirrer head.
l Inspect the sample head weekly. If it needs to be cleaned, disconnect the dispersion unit
from the mains power and use a bottle brush to clean it. Use a detergent (e.g. Decon 90)
if necessary. Rinse the head thoroughly to remove all detergent traces.
4.11.2.2 Hydro EV clean sequence

It is best to clean the EV with the 2 beakers supplied with the unit, one for the clean dispersant
and one for the waste. Select Clean system from the measurement progress bar, or the Clean
button from the accessory controls and follow the displayed instructions.
1. Raise the pump head and remove the full beaker that was used for the measurement.
Note: The cell and dispersion unit will still contain dispersant.
2. Place an empty beaker on to the beaker holder and lower the pump head. The cell and
unit will drain, and after a pause the pump will start. While the cell drains, rinse the
removed beaker and refill with clean dispersant.
3. When the cell is drained, raise the pump head, remove the current waste beaker and
replace with the clean dispersant beaker. Lower the pump head.
95
4. After a pause the pump will start and circulate the clean dispersant through the system.
5. For a standard clean the process will repeat a further two times. With the final fill the stir-
rer will pulse to remove any bubbles. The clean sequence is now complete.
4.11.3 Hydro SM procedures
4.11.3.1 Inspect and clean the tank and flow path

Drain and rinse the tank, then circulate clean dispersant through the cell a few times. Usually
this is sufficient. However, over time deposits may accumulate on the inside of the tank head.
l Inspect the tank once a week. If it needs to be cleaned, disconnect the dispersion unit
from the mains power and use a bottle brush to clean it. Use a detergent (e.g. Decon 90)
if required.
l Make several clean flushes to clear all traces of detergent and deposits in the tank.
4.11.4 Hydro SV procedures
4.11.4.1 Cuvette and stirrer bar cleaning - general internal wash
Note: The cuvette must not be taken apart for cleaning. Users should only follow the main-
tenance procedures specified.
The cuvette and stirrer bar should be cleaned thoroughly before first use and before
any subsequent measurements are performed.
Stirrer bar initial cleaning (before first use)

The stirrer bar may still have some PTFE particles attached to it so will need to be cleaned and
any particles removed before being use.
1. Clean the stirrer bar with IPA or Acetone with a lint free cloth.
2. Leave the stirrer bar to dry on a clean sheet of lint free cloth.
Cuvette initial cleaning (before first use)

Use the wash station to clean the SV cuvette.
96
Figure 4.16 SV cuvette, syringe and beaker to be cleaned
1. Place the cuvette upside down in the wash station. Ensure correct orientation and the
cuvette is firmly in place. The spout should face away from the waste exit/ dispersant
input.
2. Fill a syringe with some IPA.
WARNING - Wear safety goggles

Make sure the cuvette is fitted correctly before using the syringe, otherwise you may
be sprayed with dispersant or other cleaning chemicals. Eye protection must be
used.
3. Place the syringe into the cleaning inlet.

4. Push the syringe plunger firmly in. This will force the clean dispersant around the inside
of the cuvette.
5. Repeat 3 to 4 times as required.
6. Leave the cuvette to dry upside down on a clean sheet of lint free cloth.
97
4.11.4.2 Cleaning after a measurement

After a measurement, clean the cuvette as described below. Once clean the cuvette can be
used for the next measurement sequence.
Clean after aqueous measurement

When cleaning between each individual analysis:
1. Empty the sample and dispersant from the cuvette into a beaker, retrieve the stirrer bar,
and then discard the sample and dispersant.
2. Clean the cuvette in wash station as described above using clean deionised water.
3. Clean the stirrer bar using clean deionised water using a lint free cloth.
4. The cuvette and stirrer bar can now be used for the next analysis.
Cleaning and storing after all analysis have been completed:
1. Clean the cuvette as above then do a final flush with IPA. This will remove any smears or
marks that may occur after cleaning with deionised water.
2. Clean the stirrer bar with IPA using a lint free cloth.
3. Leave the stirrer bar, and the cuvette to dry upside down on a clean sheet of lint free
cloth.
Clean after a non-aqueous measurement
Note: It may be required to use a glass syringe.
Clean between each analysis:
1. Empty the sample and dispersant from the cuvette into a beaker, retrieve the stirrer bar,
and then discard the sample and dispersant.
2. Dependant upon the dispersant used in the analysis, use the wash station and clean the
cuvette with IPA or Acetone.
l Discard the IPA or Acetone from the cuvette.
l Repeat 2 to 3 times as required.
98
3. With clean dispersant that is to be used in the analysis, fill the cuvette as described in the
Filling the cuvette section.
l Discard the dispersant from the cuvette.
4. Dependant upon the dispersant used in the analysis, clean the stirrer bar first with IPA or
Acetone, then clean again using the analysis dispersant.
5. The cuvette and stirrer bar can now be used for the next analysis.
Clean and store after analysis:
1. Discard the sample and dispersant from the cuvette.

2. Dependant upon the dispersant used in the analysis, use the wash station and clean the
cuvette with IPA or Acetone.
l Discard the IPA or Acetone from the cuvette.
3. Dependant upon the dispersant used in the analysis, clean the stirrer bar first with IPA or
Acetone.
4. Leave the stirrer bar, and the cuvette to dry upside down on a clean sheet of lint free
cloth.
4.11.4.3 Clean internal cuvette windows

For a more intense clean of the internal faces and edges of the cuvette, use an optics quality
cleaning cloth and the cuvette cleaning spatula. These are included in the consumable kit sup-
plied with the Hydro SV.
1. First clean the cuvette with the wash station as previously described to ensure any grit, if
present, is removed. If you clean first with the spatula, the window may be scratched if
any grit is present.
2. Wrap a small sheet of “low shedding” optics quality cleaning cloth around the spatula.
Wet with IPA or Acetone and push into the cuvette opening until it meets the base.
3. Slide the spatula along the cuvette left and right, make sure that the spatula reaches
along each side and the bottom of the cuvette. Do this 3 to 4 times as required using a
99
fresh sheet of optics cloth, and then remove spatula.

4. Finally, use IPA, and the wash station again to remove any loose and dislodged con-
taminants.
4.11.4.4 Clean external cuvette windows

Before using the cuvette, the windows must be clear of grit, fingerprints and smears. If these
are present the measurement may be affected. Refer to section 4.5
CAUTION
The outer faces of the cuvette windows are optically coated. Treat them with the
same care as a camera lens.
CAUTION
The outer faces of the windows have an anti-reflective coating and are more prone
to scratching than the inner surfaces. Be careful not to touch the faces of the win-
dows or put them down on dirty surfaces.
4.11.4.5 Clean cuvette body holder
Note: The cuvette must not be taken apart to clean. Users should only follow the main-
tenance procedures specified.
It is important that the datum/position points in the corners of the cuvette holder and cuvette
are kept clean. Any dirt may cause cuvette misalignment and therefore affect the meas-
urement.
Clean the cuvette body and cuvette holder using IPA and optics cloth. This is to minimize the
risk of cuvette contamination.
4.11.4.6 Clean and handle the stirrer bar

Follow the below guidelines for cleaning and handling the stirrer bar
1. Clean the stirrer bar in a small amount of IPA.

2. It is recommended to use the Malvern Panalytical supplied stirrer bar. Other stirrer bars
may have a different diameter and different magnetic qualities that may affect the
sample dispersion within the cuvette, as well as its coupling to the stirrer motor.
100
3. Inspect the stirrer bar before use. A worn, damaged or dirty stirrer bar may not rotate cor-
rectly and will therefore not disperse the sample sufficiently.
4. Make sure that the stirrer bar is not placed near any external magnets, or a magnetic
probe is used to remove the bar from the cuvette after use. This may demagnetize the
stirrer bars coupling to the stirrer motor thus affecting its rotation and dispersion per-
formance.
5. Never run the stirrer motor if a dry cuvette is fitted with the stirrer bar inserted. The stir-
rer bar will spin directly on the windows possibly scratching the cuvette windows.
6. It is recommended to only run the Hydro SV only as long as necessary for the dispersion
or measurement.
4.11.5 External dispersant pump procedures

If the external pump is not to be used for long periods of time, it is recommended that the pipe
is removed from the accessory and the pump head. This will maximize the life of the pipe.
4.12 Consumable kits

Consumable kits and additional spares for maintaining the Hydro series wet dispersion units
are available from your Malvern Panalytical representative. Please contact them for full details
and requirements.
The consumable kits include the following components:
4.12.1 Hydro LV consumable kit

Table 4.6 LV Consumables
Standard wet cell Solvent resist (SR) wet cell
Quality Audit Standard (QAS) - pack of 10 2.5 g Quality Audit Standard (QAS) - pack of 10 2.5 g vials
vials
Tygon sample pipe (350 mm) Solvent resist Tygon sample pipe (350 mm)
Lens tissues Lens tissues
Standard wet cell windows and seals pack (FKM) Solvent resist wet cell windows and seals pack
(FFKM)
101
4.12.2 Hydro MV and SM consumable kit

Table 4.7 MV and SM consumables
vials
(FFKM)
4.12.3 Hydro EV consumable kit

Table 4.8 EV consumables
vials
(FFKM)
102
4.12.4 Hydro SV consumable kit

Table 4.9 SV consumables
SV cell
10 ml disposable syringe and needle attachment
Stirrer bar
Lint free wipes
Pipette
Cuvette cleaning spatula and cloth
Wash station drain pipe
103
Appendix A Specifications and
Regulatory
A.1 Specification 105
A.2 Chemical compatibility 109
A.3 Regulatory information 113
104
Appendix A Specifications and Regulatory
A.1 Specification
All specifications are correct at time of publication but may be subject to alteration.
A.1.1 Hydro MV / Hydro LV

Table A.1 MV/LV specifications
Item Specification
Dispersion type Wet
Capacity
- Hydro MV 120 ml
- Hydro LV 600 ml
Typical applications
- Hydro MV Solvent-based suspensions, Pharmaceuticals.
- Hydro LV Minerals, fillers, chemicals, foodstuffs, emulsions
Sonication power / frequency 40 W max, 40 kHz (nominal)*
* Dispersant dependent.
Dispersion mechanisms Continuously variable pump / stirrer and ultrasonics.
Modes of operation Automatic via SOPs.

Manual via software control panel.
Weight 5 kg
Dimensions Width: 180 mm / Height: 300 mm / Depth: 280 mm
Power Supplied via CAN cable from the Optical unit

Power consumption 5 W - Standby / 80 W - Nominal*
96 W - Maximum operating power**
* The power recorded on a typical unit using maximum pump speed and
maximum ultrasonics, with water as the dispersant.
** The maximum power available through the CAN ports.
Maximum size of particles

- Hydro MV 1400 µm (density 2200 kg/m³)*†
- Hydro LV 2100 µm (density 2200 kg/m³)*†
* Sample dependent.
† Upper limit is 1000 microns when used with a Mastersizer 3000E with
the Extended software upgrade
105
A.1.2 Hydro EV
Table A.2 EV specifications
Item Specification
Dispersion type Wet
Capacity 600 ml / 1000 ml (standard laboratory beaker)
Sonication power / frequency 40 W max, 40 kHz (nominal)*
* Dispersant dependent.
Typical applications Minerals, fillers, chemicals, foodstuffs, emulsions
Dispersion mechanisms Continuously variable pump / stirrer and ultrasonics.

Manual via software control panel.
Weight 4 kg

* The power recorded on a typical unit using maximum pump speed and
maximum ultrasonics, with water as the dispersant.
Maximum size of particles 2100 µm (density 2200 kg/m³)*†
*Sample dependent.
†Upper limit is 1000 microns when used with a Mastersizer 3000E with
the Extended software upgrade.
106
A.1.3 Hydro SM
Table A.3 SM specifications
Item Specification
Dispersion type Wet
Capacity 120 ml maximum
Typical applications Solvent-based suspensions, Pharmaceuticals. Minerals, fillers, chem-

icals, foodstuffs, emulsions
Dispersion mechanisms Continuously variable pump / stirrer
Modes of operation Manual via controller unit
Weight 9.75 kg
- Controller unit 1 kg
- Dispersion unit 8.75 kg
Dimensions
- Controller unit Width: 70 mm / Height: 225 mm / Depth: 170 mm
- Dispersion unit Width: 390 mm / Height: 140 mm / Depth: 175 mm

* The power recorded on a typical unit using maximum pump speed, with
water as the dispersant.
Maximum size of particles Up to 600 µm *
* Sample dependent.
107
A.1.4 Hydro SV
Table A.4 SV specifications
Item Specification
Dispersion type Wet
Capacity 7 ml maximum
Typical applications Solvent-based suspensions, Pharmaceuticals. Minerals, fillers, chem-

icals, foodstuffs, emulsions
Dispersion mechanisms Continuously variable stirrer

Manual via Front panel control dial
Weight
- SV cell and cuvette 3.05 kg
- Washstation 1.5 kg

* The power recorded on a typical unit using maximum pump speed, with
water as the dispersant.
Maximum size of particles Up to 200 µm *
* Sample dependent.
A.1.5 Hydro series wet cell

Table A.5 Wet cell specifications
Item Specification
Weight 2.46 kg
Liquid temperature range 0 to 50 °C

(water jacket connections)
Maximum pressure 0.5 bar g

(water jacket connections)
108
A.2 Chemical compatibility

Although the Mastersizer has been manufactured from materials considered to give the widest
protection from chemical attack, it is important to check the chemical compatibility of a sample
with any material with which it may come into contact.

The chemical compatibility should be checked against the materials identified below
before a sample is inserted. It is also recommended that a test is performed on the
material with the sample before more permanent usage is undertaken.
Cleanliness and maintenance procedures necessary are described in 4.1.
In normal operation the sample and dispersant should not come into contact with any com-
ponent of the optical bench (the sample path is contained within the dispersion unit and the
sample cell). However, if a sample pipe or o-ring seal should fail then sample or dispersant may
fall into the cell area of the optical bench.
Should a small leak occur the sample/dispersant may come into contact with the materials
described.
109
A.2.1 Hydro EV
Table A.6 EV compatibility
Component Materials
Pump assembly Stainless steel 316
Stirrer PEEK (Glass fiber reinforced)
Impeller Stainless steel 316 / PEEK
Ultrasonic transducer Stainless steel 316 / Titanium nitride / PTFE
Sample flow pipe (internal) Stainless steel 316 / PEEK (Natural) / FFKM / PTFE/
Sample flow pipe (external to wet cell) Tygon
Wet cell assembly Borosilicate Glass / Stainless steel 316 / FKM / FFKM
Sample beaker Glass
Drip tray PEEK (Glass fiber reinforced)
Beaker holder Stainless steel 316
Wet cell assembly Borosilicate Glass / Stainless steel 316 / FKM or FFKM
110
A.2.2 Hydro MV / Hydro LV

Table A.7 MV/LV compatibility
Component Materials
Splash guard Acrylic
Tank surround PEEK (Glass fiber reinforced)
Tank and pump chamber PEEK (Glass fiber reinforced)
Pump shaft Stainless steel 316
Impeller PEEK (Glass fiber reinforced)
Ultrasonic transducer Stainless steel 316 / Titanium nitride
Dispersant input pipe (external) PTFE
Dispersant input pipe, pipework and fit- Stainless steel 316 / FEP/ PTFE/ Kalrez
tings (internal)
Dispersant input valve Stainless steel 316 / PTFE

(regulator)
Solvent (non-aqueous) input Stainless steel 316

pipework (internal)
Drain Valve Stainless steel 316 / PTFE / FFKM
Drain pipe (internal) Stainless steel 316 / PTFE
Drain pipe (external) PTFE / Acetal
Sample flow pipe Stainless steel 316 / FEP/ PTFE/ FFKM

(internal)
Sample flow pipe Tygon

(external to wet cell)
Pipe connectors Aluminum
111
Note: For the Hydro MV / LV Fluoroelastomer (FKM) seals in the wet cell can be upgraded to
Perfluoroelastomer FFKM to improve the chemical compatibility. Contact your Malvern
Panalytical representative for details.
A.2.2.1 Peristaltic pump

Table A.8 Pump compatibility
Component Materials
Dispersant input pipe (external) Tygon (MH2075 / HC F-4040-A) - Solvent compatible*
* sample dependent
A.2.3 Hydro SM
Table A.9 SM compatibility
Component Materials
Tank, pump chamber and body PEEK (Glass fiber reinforced)
Pump shaft Stainless steel 316
Impeller PEEK (Glass fiber reinforced)
Drain Valve assembly Stainless steel 316 / PTFE / FFKM
Sample flow pipe Tygon (St R-3603) - standard*

(external to wet cell) Tygon (MH2075 / HC F-4040-A) - Solvent compatible*
* sample dependent
Pipe connectors (at cell) Aluminum
112
A.2.4 Hydro SV
Table A.10 SV compatibility
Component Materials
Cuvette Borosilicate Glass / Stainless steel 316
Stirrer bar PTFE
Wash station Stainless steel 316
A.3 Regulatory information

Regulatory information for all Mastersizer instruments and dispersion units, can be found in
the Mastersizer Basic Guide.
113
Malvern Panalytical Ltd. Malvern Panalytical B.V.
Grovewood Road, Malvern Lelyweg 1
Worcestershire WR14 1XZ 7602 EA Almelo
United Kingdom The Netherlands
Tel. +44 1684 892 456 Tel. +31 546 534 444
Fax. +44 1684 892 789 Fax. +31 546 534 598
www.malvernpanalytical.com

MAN0479

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

MAN0479

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mastersizer

Hydro Series Wet Dispersion Units

Publication date: 26 January 2024

Malvern Panalytical Ltd. Malvern Panalytical B.V.

Tel +44 1684 892456 Tel +31 546 534 444

Windows® is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation.

Tygon® is a registered trademark of the Saint-Gobain Corporation.

Igepal™ is a trademark of Merck KGaA.

Teepol L® is a registered trademark of Teepol Products.

Synperonic® is a registered trademark of Unichema Chemie BV.

Aerosol® is a registered trademark of CYTEC TECHNOLOGY CORP.

1.1 Introduction to this manual 2

1.2 Where to get help 3

1.1 Introduction to this manual

Table 1.1 Hydro series dispersion units

Dispersion Description Model

Hydro SV Small volume (SV) automatic wet dispersion unit MAP3100

Hydro SM Small volume manual (SM) wet dispersion unit MAP3150

Hydro MV Medium volume (MV) automatic wet dispersion unit MAP3200

Hydro LV Large volume (LV) automatic wet dispersion unit MAP3300

Hydro EV Extended volume (EV) user-interactive wet dispersion unit MAP3400

Table 1.2 Mastersizer variant hardware compatibility

Hardware 3000+ 3000 3000+ 3000E 3000+ 3000E

Manual Hydro wet • • • • • •

This manual is a supplement to the following manuals:

l Mastersizer User Guide

WARNING - General hazard

1.2 Where to get help

1.2.1 Website - www.malvernpanalytical.com

1.2.2 Help system

1.2.3 Technical support

Visit www.malvernpanalytical.com to find your local Technical Support representative.

2.1 Hydro series wet dispersion units - overview 6

2.2 Hydro MV and LV - basic operation 8

2.3 Hydro MV and LV features 10

2.4 Hydro EV - basic operation 20

2.5 Hydro EV features 22

2.6 Hydro SM - basic operation 28

2.7 Hydro SM features 29

2.8 Hydro SV - basic operation 34

2.9 Hydro SV features 35

2.10 Hydro series wet cell 47

2.11 Connection of the dispersion units 53

2.1 Hydro series wet dispersion units - overview

A variable power ultrasonic system additionally enables particle agglomerates to be dispersed.

2.1.1 Dispersion units

Dispersion Capacity Suitability Notes

2.1.2 Additional accessories: Heater/chiller unit (not shown)

2.1.3 Control of the Hydro dispersion units

2.2 Hydro MV and LV - basic operation

1. Dispersion Unit 2. Cell

Figure 2.2 Hydro LV connected to MS3000 Cell

Refer to the Mastersizer User Guide for advice on sample addition.

2.3 Hydro MV and LV features

1. Sample tank 7. Lower dispersant inlet port (aqueous dis-

3. Ultrasonic transducer 8. Upper dispersant inlet port (non-aqueous dis-

Figure 2.3 Hydro LV with labels

2.3.1 Sample tank

2.3.1.1 Sample Tank features

1. Tank light 3. Breather holes

Figure 2.4 Hydro MV sample tank

Over-flow system and drain

Manual fill advice

2.3.1.2 Tank cover