Engineering 2021 Statistics (ST) General Aptitude (GA) Q.1- Q5 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry ONE mark each (for each wrong answer 1/3). Qu ‘The current population of a city is 11,02,500. If it has been increasing at the rate of 5% per annum, what was its population 2 years ago? a) 9,92,500 B) 9,953,006 © 10,00,000 © 12,51,506 Q2 ‘p and q are positive integers and re) ®) © () ul ST-- Copynight © GATE 2021 Page 1 of 27Engineering 2021 Statistics (ST) Q3 P 1 IQ ‘The least number of squares that must be added so that the line P-Q becomes the line of symmetry is A+ ®|3 os @]7 Q4 | Nostalgia is to anticipation as isto Which one of the following options maintains a similar logical relation in the above sentence? (A) | Present, past (B)| Future, past (©)| Past, fire (D) | Future, present ST-- Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 2 of 27ernie te me uu aa) Statistics (ST) Q5 | Consider the following sentences: @ woke up from sleep. Iwoked up from sleep. Twas woken up from sleep. ‘Twas wokened up from sleep. ‘Which of the above sentences are grammatically CORRECT? (A) | @ and Gi) (B) | (i) and (iii) © | Gi) and Git) (D) | Gi) and (iv) ST-- Copynight © GATE 2021 Page 3 of 27Engineering 2021 Statistics (ST) Q.6-Q.10 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry TWO marks each (for each wrong answer: 213). Q6 Given below are two statements and two conclusions. Statement 1: All purple are green. Statement 2: All black are green. Conclusion I: Some black are purple. Conclusion II: No black is purple. Based on the above statements and conclusions, which one of the following options is logically CORRECT? (A) Only conelusion Tis correct 8) Only conclusion ILis correct. © Either conclusion I or Il is correct. ) Both conclusion I and II are correct, ST-- Copynight © GATE 2021 Page 4 of 27Engineering 2021 Statistics (ST) Q7 Computers are ubiquitous. They are used to improve efficiency in almost all ficlds from agriculture to space exploration. Artificial intelligence (Al) is currently a hot topic. AI enables computers to learn, given enough training data. For humans, sitting in frout of a computer for long hours can lead to health issues. Which of the following can be deduced from the above passage? (Nowadays, computers are present in almost all places. (ii) Computers cannot be used for solving problems in engineering. (ii) For humans, there are both posi computers. (iv) Artificial intelligence can be done without data. re and negative effects of us @ (ii) and (ii) B) (i) and (iv) © (i), (ii) and (iv) @) (@ and (iii) Qs Consider a square sheet of side 1 unit. In the first step, it is cut along the main diagonal to get two triangles. In the next step, one of the cut triangles is revolved about its short edge to form a solid cone. The volume of the resulting cone, in cubic units, is (A) ®) © og foals] @) ST-- Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 5 of 27Sunday Saturday Friday Thursday Wednesday Tuesday ee Monday 0 10 2 30 40 So 60 70 80 mY aX ‘The number of minutes spent by two students, X and Y, exercising every day in a given week are shown in the bar chart above. ‘The number of days in the given week in which one of the students spent a minimum of 10% more than the other student, on a given day, is (A) 4 B) 5 © 6 ©) ST-- Copynight © GATE 2021 Page 6 of 27Engineering 2021 Statistics (ST) Corners are cut from an equilateral triangle to produce a regular convex hexagon as shown in the figure above. ‘The ratio of the area of the regular convex hexagon to the area of the original equilateral triangle is (| 2:3 (B)| 3:4 W)| 45 @)} 5:6 ST-- Copynight © GATE 2021 Page 7 of 27ernie te me uu aa) Statistics (ST) Statist Q.1 - Q.9 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry ONE. mark each (for each wrong answer: ~ 1/3). Q4 | Let X bea non-constant positive random variable such that E(X) = ‘Then which one of the following statements is true? A] e() > 0.2 and P= 10) <09 ®) B (GA) <0 and P(X = 10) 0.9 Ole > O.1 and P(X > 10) >0.9 @&) @) B (GA) < 0.1 and P(X = 10) >0.9 Q2 Let (W(#)}120 be a standard Brownian motion. Then the variance of W(1)W(2) equals @}1 | 2 ©]3 wm} 4 ST-- Copynight © GATE 2021 Page 8 of 27Engineering 2021 Statistics (ST) Q3 | Let X1,Xp,..,.Xq bea random sample of size n (> 2) froma distribution having the probability density function 1 xe ser, ponay=[ge 2 *>e 0, otherwise, where 0 € (0,0). Then the method of moments estimator of @ equals (A) B) © @) Q4 | Let fx4,x2,..,2q} be a realization of a random sample of size n (> 2) from a N(#t,02) distribution, where —o> 0. Which of the following statements is/are true? P ; 95% confidence interval of 1 based on {2t,2,..,%q} is unique when @ isknown. Q: 95% confidence interval of px based on {24,2,.-.,n} is NOT unique when ois unknown. (A) | P only (B) | Q only (©) | Both P and Q (D) | Neither P nor Q ST-- Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 9 of 27Engineering 2021 Statistics (ST) QS | Let X1,Xz,-,Xn be a random sample of size n(=2) froma (0,02) distribution. For a given o> O,let f,, denote the joint probability density function of (Xj,Xz,.X,) and S=(fq:o > 0}. Let Ty=S%,X? and ey T, = (2E%1%) - For any positive integer v and any a € (0,1), let X3q denote the (1 — q)-th quantile of the central chi-square distribution with V degrees of freedom. Consider testing Ho: = 1 against H,:0 > 1 at level , Then which one of the following statements is true? (A) | $ has a monotone likelihood ratio in T, and Ho is rejected if T, > x20 (B)| S has a monotone likelihood ratio in T, and Hp is rejected if T, > XZ1-a (©) S has a monotone likelihood ratio in T and Ho is rejected if Ty > x25 (D) | 5 has a monotone likelihood ratio in T, and Hg is rejected if Tz > 221-0 ST-- Copynight © GATE 2021 Page 10 of 27Engineering 2021 Statistics (ST) Q6 Let X and ¥ be two random variables such that P41 + Pso + Pos + Poo = 1, where pi = P(X = LY =f), tj = 0,1. Suppose that a realization of a random sample of size 60 from the joint distribution of (X,Y) gives Nyy = 10, Myo = 20, Moy = 20 and og = 10, where nj; denotes the frequency of (i,j) for i,j = 0,1. If the chi-square test of independence ts used to test Ho: Py = Peps for LJ = 0,1 against Hy: GD, where p;. = Pio + Pix and pj ~ Po; + Pxj, then which one of the following statements is true? ii 9; for at least one pair eo) Under Ho, the test statistic follows central chi-square distribution with one degree of freedom and the observed value of the test statistic is 2 B) Under Ho, the test statistic follows central chi-square distribution with three degrees of freedom and the observed value of the test statistic is 22 © ‘Under Ho, the test statistic follows central chi-square distribution with one degree of freedom and the observed value of the test statistic is = ) Under Ho, the test statistic follows central chi-square distribution with three degrees of freedom and the observed value of the test statistic is Q7 Let the joint distribution of (X,Y) be bivariate normal with mean vector (3) ‘and variance-covariance matrix G "), where -1

3), where By and f, are unknown parameters and ¢;’s are independent and identically distributed random variables with mean zero and finite variance 2? > 0. Suppose that Bo and fi, are the ordinary least squares estimators of Bo and By, respectively. Define ¥=29%,x;, S, = YE ,(4;—¥)? and Sz = Lia yilxi — X), where yj; is the observed value of ¥;, i= 1,2,...,n. ‘Then for a real constant ¢, the variance of By + ¢ is (A) ®) © @) Qo X, follows N4(Q,2,) distribution for {= 1,2,3, and ¥; follows N4(0,22) distribution for j= 1,2,3,4, where E, and ¥_ are positive definite matrices. Further, let Zaid, XX ES * +2) eYYT ED, where X= [Xa Xz Xa] isa 43 matrix, ¥ = [¥a Yo Ys Val isa axa matrix and X7 and ¥7 denote transposes of X and ¥, respectively. If W,,(n,2) denotes a Wishart distribution of order m with n degrees of freedom and variance-covariance matrix E and I, denotes the nx 7 identity matrix, then which one of the following statements is true? (a) Z follows W,(7,14) distribution (B) Z follows W4(4,1,) distribution © Z follows W,(4,1,) distribution @) Z follows W;(7,1,) distribution ST-- Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 12 of 27Statistics (ST) Q.10 — Q.25 Numerical Answer Type (NAT), carry ONE mark each (no negative marks). Q.10 n — lim (2" +02" sin? Z) "8H ne z equals Qu | Let ax 4 if | dydx a lage x? +" watt ‘Then the value of e!** equal (round off to 2. decimal places). Qn oo t Let A=|1 0. | and Iz bethe 3x3 identity matrix. Then the jo 1 0. nullity of SA(Is + A +A?) equals Q.13 | Let A be the 2x2 real matrix having eigenvalues 1 and — 1, with 5 corresponding eigenvectors | 7 | and gf soopentvely It a3ee = 4 a 2 ee ab then a+b+c+d equals (round off to 2 decimal cd places). Q14 | Let A and B be two events such that P(B) == and P(A vu B°) ; If A and B are independent, then P(A) equals (round off to 2 decimal places). ST-- Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 13 of 27Statistics (ST) Q45 | A fair die is rolled twice independently. Let X and Y denote the outcomes of the first and second roll, respectively. Then E(X +¥ | (X—¥)? = 1) equals Q46 | Let X bea random variable having distribution function 0 x<4, 2 13, where @ and ¢ are appropriate constants. Let A, = [1+4, 3-4], n> t,and A A If P(X <1) =4 and F(X) =3,then POE A) equals (round off to 2 decimal places). Qai7 If the marginal probability density function of the k order statistic of a random sample of size 8 from a uniform distribution on [0,2] is 7 fe) = {x w(2—x), O 0,tet {x} ax Be # sequence of independent random variables such that 1 P(x? = qati- P(XW? = Let 5 ={a@>0: x converges to 0 almost surely as n — oo}. Then the infimum of $ equals (round off to 2 decimal places). ST-- Copynight © GATE 2021 Page 14 of 27Engineering 2021 Statistics (ST) Qu9 Let [Xj}n1 be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables each having uaiform distribution on [0,2]. For n > 1, let a Zn = 1086 (He - x0) Then, as n> 0, the sequence {Z,}y-1 converges almost surely to (round off to 2 decimal places). Q.20 Let (Xq}nzo be a time-homogencous discrete time Markov chain with state space {0,1} and transition probability matrix (' 25 0. "| 0.75 0.25! If P(Xq = 0) = P(Xp = 1) = 0.5, then 100 YY! Bfo%on)**] ei equals Qu Let {0,2} be a realization of a random sample of size 2 from a binomial distribution with parameters 2 and p, where p € (0, 1). To test Ho: against H,:p +4, the observed value of the likelihood ratio test statistic equals (round off to 2 decimal places). Q2 Let X bea random variable having the probability density function 3 fay = \7PA-MO-9, O 0 for all x € R,where f” denotes the derivative of f and RR denotes the set of all real numbers. Then which one of the following ‘statements is true? (A) Ff) > 0, forall x >0 and f(x) <0, forall x <0 (B) L(x) <0, forall x #0 © FQ) > 0, forall x +0 () £0) <0, forall x >0 and f(x) > 0, forall x <0 Let M be the collection of all 3x 3 real symmetric positive definite matrices. Consider the set s={acusase Lao} where 0 denotes the 3 x 3 zero matrix. Then the number of elements in S equals (A) o @) 1 © () Q30 Let A bea 33 real matrix such that Iz +A_ is invertible and let B= (Iz + A)*(Iz — A), where Tz denotes the 3 x 3 identity matrix. Then which one of the following statements is true? cy) If B is orthogonal, then A is invertible B) If B is orthogonal, then all the eigenvalues of A are real © If B is skew-symmetric, then A is orthogonal @) If B is skew-symmetric, then the determinant of equals ST-- Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 18 of 27Engineering 2021 Statistics (ST) Q31 Let X be a random variable having Poisson distribution such that E(X?) = 110. Then which one of the following statements is NOT true? (A) | EX") = 10 E[% + 1)" 7], forall n = 1,2, B)| P(iseven) =2(1 +e?) ©] PR=K) < POH Hk 4D), for B= 01, 00,8 (D)| P(X =k) > P(X =k +1), for f= 10,11,.. Q32 Let X be a random variable having uniform distribution on Then which one of the following statements is NOT true? (A)| ¥ = cot X follows standard Cauchy distribution (B) | ¥ =tanX follows standard Cauchy distribution Oy — tog, (545) has moment generating function M(t) = tt, Savy) = {ary 77 29> 0, otherwise. ‘Then which one of the following statements is NOT true? (A) | The probability density fimetion 0° X + ¥ is 4 Frav(@) = [pe ge 0, otherwise. perros (©) | EX +Y) = 4 log, 2 @)| EW |X =2)=4 Q.35 | Let X4, Xz and Xz be three uncorrelated random variables with common variance 7 <0. Let Vs =2X4-+X2+X3, Y2=Na+2X2+Xy and Yq =X, + Xz + 2Xq. Then which of the following statements is/are true? P : The sum of eigenvalues of the variance covariance matrix of (1, ¥2,¥s) is 1807. Q : The correlation coefficient between ¥, and ¥ equals that between Y, and ¥3. A) [P only (B) | Q only (©| Both P and Q (D) | Neither P nor Q ST-- Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 20 of 27Engineering 2021 Statistics (ST) Let {X,}uco bea time-homogencous discrete time Markov chain with either finite or countable state space S. Then which one of the following statements is true? (a) ‘There is at least one recurrent state B) If there is an absorbing state, then there exists at least one stationary distribution © fall the states are positive recurrent, then there exists a unique stationary distribution @) If (%Jnso is irreducible, $= {1,2} and [ry 19] is. stationary distribution, then lim POX, = {1X9 =) =m for €= 1,2 Q37 Let customers arrive at a departmental store according to a Poisson process with rate 10. Further, suppose that eac! customer is either a male or a female with probability each, independent of all other arrivals. Let N(®) denote the total number of customers who have arrived by time t. ‘Then which one of the following statements is NOT true? (A) If Sy denotes the time of arrival of the second female customer, then P(S, <1) = 25 fy ses B) If M(C) denotes the number of male customers who have arrived by time t, then P(M (2) =0| ma) =1) =4 © £[(v@)'| = 1008? + 10¢ (D) E[N(t)N (2t)] = 200t? + 10¢ ST-- Copynight © GATE 2021 Page 21 of 27Engineering 2021 Statistics (ST) Q38 | Let Xa) < Xz) < Xa) < Xu < Xi be the order statistics corresponding toarandom sample of size 5 from a uniform distribution on [0,6], where 8 € (0,0). Then which of the following statements is/are true? P : 3X) is an unbiased estimator of 0. Q : The variance of E[2X(a) | X(s)| is less than or equal to the variance of 2X (A)| P only (B) | Q only (© | Both P and Q (D)| Neither P nor Q 2.39 | Let Xy, Xz, Xq bea random sample of size n (> 2) froma distribution having the probability density function 1x f0s8) fee w x>0, 0, _ otherwise, where @€ (0,00). Let X) = min{Xy, Xp,.., Xq} and T= E24 X; Then E(Xq)|T) equals A) 2 we Bw] Tr z ©| @eyr 2n @)| @+1er An? ST-- Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 22 of 27Engineering 2021 Statistics (ST) Q.40 | Let X4, Xz... X, be a random sample of size n (> 2) from a uniform distribution on [—9,6], where @ € (0,00). Let Xa) = min{X4, Xz,..., Xn} and X¢q) = max{X,, Xz,...,Xq}- Then which of the following statements is/are true? P: (Xp, Xin) isa complete statistic. Q: Xa —Xy isan ancillary statistic. (A)| P only B)|Q only (©) | Both P and Q (D) | Neither P nor Q Q41 | Let {Xj}ns1 be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables having common distribution function F(-). Let a 1) equals (round off to 2 decimal places). Q48 | Let {Xq}usa be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables each having uniform distribution on [0,3]. Let ¥ be a random variable, independent of {X,.}u-. having probability mass function 1 PY =k)=\(e- Dk" k=42 0, otherwise. Then P(max{X,,Xp,...,Xy} <1) equals (round off to 2 decimal places). ST-- Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 25 of 27Statistics (ST) Q49 Let {X;]uca be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables each having probability density function _je*, x>0, 1@)~""9," otherwise. Let X(q) = Max(X,,Xziu/Xq} for n> 1.1 Z is the random variable to which {Xq)— log, n},., converges in distribution, asm —> co, then the median of Z equals (round off to 2 decimal places). Q.50 Consider an amusement park where visitors are arriving according to a Poisson process with rate 1. Upon arrival, a visitor spends a random amount of time in the park and then departs. The time spent by the visitors are independent of one another, as well as of the arrival process, and have common probability density, function Fa" x20. 10, otherwise. If at a given time point, there are 10 visitors in the park and p is the probability that there will be exactly two more arrivals before the next departure, then + equals zon Qs1 Let (0.90, 0.50,0.01,0.95} bea realization of a random sample of size 4 from the probability density function 8 Ol ee tS 0, otherwise, where 0.5 < @ <1. Then the maximum likelihood estimate of @ based on the observed sample equals (round off to 2 decimal places). Q.52 Let a random sample of size 100 from a normal population with unknown mean jt and variance 9 give the sample mean 5.608. Let (-) denote the distribution function of the standard normal random. variable. If (1.96) = 0.975, (4.64) = 0.95 and the uniformly most powerful unbiased test based on sample mean is used to test Ho: = 5.02 against Hy: w# 5.02, then the p-value equals. (round off to 3 decimal places). ST-- Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 26 of 27Engineering 2021 Statistics (ST) Q53 Let X be a discrete random variable with probability mass function p € {Po, ps}, where x ie 8 9 10 pia) | 0.69 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.05 po(x) | 0.90 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.01 To test Hg:p = po against H,:p = pz, the power of the most powerful test of size 0.05, based on X, equals (round off to 2 decimal places). Qs Let X4, Xp, ..,.X4o be a random sample from a probability density function Folx) = f(x— 8), —w 0, random variables. If the sum of squares due to regression is 338.92, the total sum of squares is 522.30 and Ria; denotes the value of adjusted R?, then 100 Ria; equals (round off to 2 decimal places). END OF THE QUESTION PAPER ST-- Copyright © GATE 2021 Page 27 of 27GATE 2019 Answer Key for Statisties (ST) Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE 2021) Answer Keys and Marks for Subject/Paper: Statistics (ST) jon | Question Type Answer Negative QNo, | Session | paca ynascyNAT Key/range | M2 | marks 2 4 mca, 1 v3 2 4 mca 1 13 3 4 mca 1 13 mca,Q.No. Session GATE 2019 Answer Key for Statistics (ST) Question Type Mca/Msa/NAT Answer Marks Key/Range " Marks cre 4 NAT 33.50 to 34.50 12 4 NAT 2to2 13 4 NAT 1.100 1.75 1 o 14 4 NAT 0.32 to 0.35 1 o 15 4 NAT Tto7 16 4 NAT 0.32 to 0.35 S)4]/49/4)9)4]9]94 Tto7 1 ° 0.50 to 0.50 1 ° 0.27 to 0.35 1 ° 50 to 50 1 ° 0.98 to 1.00 1 0 2 4 NAT ST 8.60 to 8.75 1 o 23 4 NAT ST 0.14 to 0.18 1 ° 24 4 NAT 1.00 to 1.00 1 ° 6.31 0 6.35GATE 2019 Answer Key for Statistics (ST) Q.No. | Session aeons Marks | Nee 34 4 mca 2 23 35 4 mca 36 4 Mca 37 4 mca 38 4 Mca 39 a mca S)4]}/49/4)49)4]4s];4[4]}4]s 3to3 4 10.10 to 10.15, 72to 72 4 NAT 0.60 to 0.66 0.20 to 0.26 0.32 to 0.42 50 4 NAT 143 to 143 sa 4 NAT 0.50 to 0.50 582 4 NAT 0.045 to 0.055 2 ° 53 4 NAT 0.20 to 0.22 2 ° 31.60 to 31.80 57.00 to 57.40