EXPERIMENT NO: 8(a)

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: Determination of the voltage transformation ratio (K) of a

single phase transformer.

OBJECTIVES: To find the voltages at primary and secondary side of a single phase transformer.
THEORY:
The voltage transformation ratio of a single phase transformer is given by the ratio of
the voltage at the secondary side & voltage primary side.

MACHINE SPECIFICATION:
Transformer:1KVA, 1-Φ, 50Hz, 230 / 115 volts

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Sl. No. Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Voltmeter AC 0 – 300 volts 1 No

2 Voltmeter AC 0 – 150 volts 1 No

3 Single phase variac AC (0-270)V,15A 1 No

4 Connecting Wire 1.5mm2 Multi As per required

PVC wire
Strand

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM(offline):
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM(Online):

DESCRIPTION:

A transformer is a static device which transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another
through the process of electromagnetic induction at constant frequency. It is most commonly
used to increase (‘step up’) or decrease (‘step down’) voltage levels between circuits.
The working principle of a transformer is very simple. Mutual induction between two or
more windings (also known as coils) allows for electrical energy to be transferred between
circuits.
PROCEDURE(offline):
a. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
b. AC supply is given to primary side of Transformer (V1) via 1-phase variac at no load.
c. By varying primary voltage note down the readings of primary and secondary
voltages.

OBSERVATION TABLE

Sl. Primary Secondary Voltage Remark

No. Voltage in Volt Voltage in Volt transformation
(V1) (V2) ratio(K)= V2/V1
1
2
3
4
5
CALCULATION

PRECAUTION:
a. All connections should be tight.
b. The meter should be of proper range.
 c. Before connecting the meters in the circuit check their zero position.
d. AC supply should be provided to primary side.

CONCLUSION : The voltage transformation ratio of the single phase transformer is found
________ and it is of __________ type transformer.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:

1. What is the emf equation of a transformer?

2. What is meant by rating of transformer?
3. What are the main parts of transformer?
4. What is meant by step up & step down transformer?
5. Write the function of
a. Breather
b. Buchholz relay
c. Conservator
6. What are the types of insulating material used in transformer?
7. Write types of material of following parts used in transformer.
a. Winding
b. Main tank
c. Bushing
8. What is an auto transformer?
9. What is other name of auto transformer?
10. What do you meant by Mutual Induction?

(Signature of the student)

NAME: ....................................................................
ROLL.NO: .............................................................
BRANCH: ..........................SESSION:..................
SECTION: ........................... GROUP : ................
Signature of the faculty

(Name of the faculty)

 EXPERIMENT NO: 8(b)
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To Determine no load current and core loss of a single
phase transformer.

OBJECTIVES: Measure the amount of current drawn and power consumed by a no load
transformer.

THEORY
As we know that when the transformer is at no load, the no load current or primary
current is very small, typically 3 to 5 percent of the rated current value. Thus, the copper loss
in the primary winding is negligible. In OC test, transformer is operated at rated voltage at
rated frequency so the maximum will be the flux in the core. The iron loss (hysteresis and
eddy current loss) of the transformer depends on the flux. As iron loss is a function of applied
voltage, the iron loss is maximum at rated voltage. Since the iron or core losses are at rated
voltage, the power input is drawn to supply the iron losses by the transformer under no load.
The no-load current is very small and because the copper loss in the primary is proportional
to the square of this current, it is negligible. There is no copper loss in the secondary because
there is no secondary current.

MACHINE SPECIFICATION:
Transformer:1kVA, 1-Φ, 50Hz, 230 / 115 volts

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:

S. No. Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Single Phase Variac AC 0-270 Volts, 2Amps 1 No

2 Voltmeter AC 0 – 300 Volts 1 No

3 Ammeter AC 0 – 1-2 Amps 1 No

4 Wattmeter (LPF) AC 150/300V, 2.5/5A 1 No

PVC 1.5mm2 Multi Strand
5 Connecting Wire As per required
wire
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM(offline):

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM(online):

PROCEDURE

a. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

b. Single phase AC supply is given to low voltage side of transformer keeping HV
side open.
c. Note the readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter.
OBSERVATION TABLE(offline):
No load Wattmeter
Voltage(V) Im Iω
SL. No. Current reading(W)
in Volt in amp in amp Cosφ =
( Io) in Amp in Watt

OBSERVATION TABLE(Online):

CALCULATION:
Io = No load current.
V = rated applied voltage
W = wattmeter reading = power input to transformer at no load = core loss = V. Io.cosφ
watts.

Power Factor: Cosφ =

Im = Magnetizing current = Io sinφ .
Iω = loss component of no load current = Io Cosφ
PRECAUTION(offline):

a. All connections should be tight.

b. The meter should be of proper range.
c. Before connecting the meters in the circuit check their zero position.

CONCLUSION : The no load loss of the transformer is ……….. Watts.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:

1. Why transformer rating is always in kVA?

2. Draw the phasor diagram of a transformer on no-load?
3. Write the principle of operation of transformer.
 4. Why no load current of transformer is very small?
5. Why the current coil of watt-meter have less resistance & pressure coil have high
resistance?
6. What are the losses occurred in a transformer?
7. Why frequency is constant in transformer?
8. Why the core of transformer is made of iron?
9. What is the function of breather?
10. Why transformer works with AC supply only?

(Signature of the student)

NAME: ....................................................................
ROLL.NO: .............................................................
BRANCH: ..........................SESSION:..................
SECTION: ........................... GROUP : ................
Signature of the faculty