‫‪93‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪12‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻫﺪﻑ‬

‫‪ x‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎﻧﮋﺍﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ‪ ،DC‬ﺭﺋﻮﺳﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﭙﺮﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺐﻧﻤﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﻫﻨﺮﺑﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﺐ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺨﺴـﺘﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺳـﺮﻭﻳﻠﻴﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﻠﺒـﺮﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 1‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ‪ B‬ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺁﻫﻨﺮﺑﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﻣﻐﻨـﺎﻃﻴﺲ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 15‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(1‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﺐ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﻤﻜﺮﻩ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﮕﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻗﻄﺐ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻨـﻮﺏ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ‪ B‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﻄـﺐ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻲ ﺷـﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﻤﻜـﺮﻩ ﺟﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﮕـﺎﻥ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ‪ B‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺁﻫﻨﺮﺑﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻓﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ‪ 55%‬ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻛﻞ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻣﺬﺍﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺪﺕ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 0/5‬ﮔﺎﻭﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻲ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ )ﻣﺜﻼً ژﺋﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ( ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻗﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴـﺪﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ ﺳـﻴﻢﭘـﻴﭻ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ n‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺳﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ‪ I‬ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﻨـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴـﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﺴـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (1‬ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪P0 N I‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪2R‬‬
‫‪ P0‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻭﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ M.K.S‬ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ‪ R‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ‪4S u10 7‬‬
‫ﺷﺪﺕ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ C.G.S‬ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (2‬ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪2S N I‬‬
‫‪H‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪10 R‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ R‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ‪ H‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﮔﻮﺱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ‪ H‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺧﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺼﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎﻧﮋﺍﻧﺖ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺣﻠﻘـﻪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ًﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﺰﭼﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻪﻃـﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﻘـﻲ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ ﺷـﻜﻞ ‪2‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎﻧﮋﺍﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭻ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺍﻳﺴﺘﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪θ‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ :(2‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎﻧﮋﺍﻧﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ‪ T‬ﻭ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ H‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ H 0‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (3‬ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪H‬‬
‫‪tanT‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫‪H0‬‬
 ‫‪95‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻗﻄﺐﻧﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ )ﻭﺳﻂ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ( ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻗﻄﺐﻧﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻥﻗﺪﺭ ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻗﻄﺐﻧﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻴﻢ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭻ ﻋﻤـﻮﺩ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﺑﺒﻨﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺁﻣﭙﺮﻣﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔـﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﺰ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺳﻴﻢﭘـﻴﭻ ﺣﻠﻘـﻪ ﺭﺍ ‪ 30‬ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ :(3‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (4‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺐﻧﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪R ..... r .....(cm‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪30 r 1‬‬

‫‪Tq‬‬
‫‪tanT‬‬

‫)‪I r 'I (A‬‬

‫‪2SNI‬‬
‫) ‪H (G‬‬
‫‪10 R‬‬
‫‪H‬‬
‫) ‪H 0 (G‬‬
‫‪tan T‬‬
‫‪'H 0‬‬
‫‪H0‬‬

‫‪ (5‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (2‬ﻭ )‪ (3‬ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫‪ 'T T 0 u‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ ) ‪ T 0‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﻄﺐﻧﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫‪180‬‬

‫‪'H 0‬‬ ‫) ‪'N 'I 'R (1  tan 2 T‬‬

‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪'T‬‬
‫‪H0‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪tan T‬‬
 ‫· ‪10 RH 0‬‬
‫¨§ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﻣﻴـﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻲ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫‪ (6‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ tan T‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ ¸‬
‫‪© 2SN ¹‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (7‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 40‬ﻭ‪ 50‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭻ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪R ..... r .....(cm‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪40 r 1‬‬

‫‪Tq‬‬
‫‪tanT‬‬

‫)‪I r 'I (A‬‬

‫‪2SNI‬‬
‫) ‪H (G‬‬
‫‪10 R‬‬
‫‪H‬‬
‫) ‪H 0 (G‬‬
‫‪tan T‬‬
‫‪'H 0‬‬
‫‪H0‬‬

‫)‪R ..... r .....(cm‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪50 r 1‬‬

‫‪Tq‬‬
‫‪tanT‬‬

‫)‪I r 'I (A‬‬

‫‪2SNI‬‬
‫) ‪H (G‬‬
‫‪10 R‬‬
‫‪H‬‬
‫) ‪H 0 (G‬‬
‫‪tan T‬‬
‫‪'H 0‬‬
‫‪H0‬‬

‫"ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬
‫‪'H 0‬‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫‪H0‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻗﻄﺐﻧﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ؟‬
‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ )ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻮ‪-‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻭﺍﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ؟ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻤﺮﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.7‬‬