Lesson-2-Indian-Raga-and-Tala

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.
Music 8
UNIT 3: Music of South Asia and
Middle East
(India and Israel)
Lesson 2
Indian Musical Culture
Raga and Tala

Analyzes musical elements
Learning 1
of selected songs and
Competency instrumental pieces heard
and performed.
MU8WS-lllc-h-4
Objectives
1. Analyze the characteristics of Indian music;

2. Identify the unique characteristics of Indian
culture; and
3. Perform the clapping and waving pattern of Tala.

Essential Question
1. What is the dominant religion in India?
2. What are some cultural practices unique to

the country?
3. What are some unique characteristics of
Indian music?

Learn about It!
❖Musical Culture
➢ Sangeet
- is the basis of Indian music, a combination of three
artforms: vocal music, instrumental music, and dance.
The system of Indian music is built on two concepts:

rag and thal

Learn about It!
❖ Raga
✓ Defines as the color of the music of India
✓ Each raga has its unique extra musical associations
and mood
✓ It can depict love and heroism; tranquility; the
different seasons of festivals; difference between day
and night
Learn about It!
▪ A raga is based on a scale with a given set of notes, a

typical order in which they appear in melodies, and
characteristic musical motifs. The basic components of a
raga can be written down in the form of a scale (in some
cases differing in ascent and descent).
▪ The Hindi/Urdu word "rag" is derived from the Sanskrit

"raga" which means "colour, or passion"

Learn about It!
▪ Characteristic of Raga
➢ There must be the notes of the rag. They are called
the swar.
➢ There must also be a modal structure. This is
called that in North Indian music and mela in carnatic
music
➢ There is also the jati. Jati is the number of notes used
in the rag.
Learn about It!
➢ There must also be the ascending and descending

structure. This is called arohana /avarohana.
➢ Another characteristic is that the various notes do not have

the same level of significance. The important notes are
called vadi and samavadi

Learn about It!
▪ Vadi
- The first tone scale
▪ Samvadi
- The fifth tone scale
The relationship between the Vadi and the Samvadi,

it provides the mood of the raga

Learn about It!
➢ Swar
- are nothing more than the seven notes of the Indian
musical scale. Swar is also called "sur". At a
fundamental level they are similar to the solfa of Western
music

Learn about It!
Indian Swar Western Equivalent

Shadj Sa Do
Rishabh Re Re
Gandhara Ga Mi
Madhyam Ma Fa
Pancham Pa So
Dhaivat Dha La
Nishad Ni Ti
Learn about It!
▪ Notice that there are two forms of the names of the

notes. There is a full version (i.e. shadaj, rishabh,etc.) and
an abbreviated version (i.e., Sa, Re, Ga, etc.).
▪ The abbreviated name is most commonly used. This is
called "sargam".
▪ The swar (notes) are assembled to make the scales. These
scales are called "saptak".

Learn about It!
▪ THAT (THAAT) - THE INDIAN MODES
✓ The that (thaat) is the specification as to which of the

alternate forms of swar will be chosen. It has been pointed
out elsewhere that several of the swar have alternate forms.
✓ Therefore the concept of that is essentially the same as the
Western concept of a mode.

Learn about It!
JATI - NUMBER OF NOTES IN THE RAG
✓ The word "jati" or "jaati" literally means a "caste" or

"collection; as such it has numerous musical and non-
musical usages.
✓ In the musical sense it can mean a rhythmic pattern, an
ancient musical mode, or the number of notes in a
modern mode

Learn about It!
▪ Characteristic of Raga
➢ Swar
➢ That
➢ Jati

Learn about It!
If raga provides the melody, then Tala is

for ________________

Learn about It!
❖ Tala
➢ Tal, (variously transliterated as "tala", "taal" or "taala") is
the Indian system of rhythm. It has been argued that
rhythm is fundamental to the creation of any musical
system
▪ The word tal. Tal literally means "clap".
▪ Today, the tabla has replaced the clap in the
performance, but the term still reflects the origin.

Learn about It!
❖The basic concepts of Tal

Tali
➢ It is the pattern of clapping. Each tal is characterized by
a particular pattern and number of claps
Khali
➢ It is the wave of the hands. These have a characteristic
relationship to the claps

Learn about It!
There are many talas in Hindustani music

Name Beats Division
Tintal 16 4+4+4+4
Jhaptal 10 2+3+2+3
Ektal 12 2+2+2+2+2+2

Learn about It!
Keherwa 8 4+4
Rupak 7 3+2+2
Dadra 6 3+3
Shultal 10 2+2+2+2+2
Learn about It!
➢ Tintal
- The most common tala
Number of Beats 16
Clapping/ Waving Arrangement
clap, 2, 3, 4, clap, 2, 3, 4, wave, 2, 3, 4, clap, 2, 3, 4

Learn about It!

Learn about It!
➢ Jhaptal
- The most common 10 beats tala in Northern India
Number of Beats 10
Clap, 2, Clap, 2, 3, wave, 2, clap, 2, 3

Learn about It!

Learn about It!
➢ Ektal
- The name "ektal" literally means "one-clap"
Number of Beats 12
clap, 2, wave, 2, clap, 2, wave, 2, clap, 2, clap, 2

Learn about It!

Learn about It!
➢ Keherwa
- It is an eight-beat tal of the non-classical traditions
Number of Beats 8
clap, 2, 3, 4, wave, 2, 3, 4

Learn about It!

Learn about It!
➢ Rupak
- The most common 7 beats tala in Northern India
Number of Beats 7
wave, 2, 3, clap, 2, clap, 2

Learn about It!

Learn about It!
➢ Dadra
- It is six or three beat tal which is extremely common
in the lighter forms of music
Number of Beats 6
clap, 2, 3, wave, 2, 3

Learn about It!

Learn about It!
➢ Shultal
- It is composed of 10 beats and was very commonly
used to accompany dhrupad singers.
Number of Beats 10

clap, 2, wave, 2, clap, 2, wave, 2, clap, (disputed)

Learn about It!

Learn about It!
Vibhag (Ang)
➢ It is the measure. Each clap or wave specifies a
particular section or measure.
➢ These measures may be of any number of beats, yet
most commonly 2, 3, 4, or 5 beats are used
Matra
➢ is the beat. It may be subdivided if required

Learn about It!
Bol
➢ It is the mnemonic system where each stroke of the
drum has a syllable attached to it. These syllables are
known as bol.
➢ It is common to consider the bol to be synonymous to
the stroke itself

Learn about It!
Theka
➢ It is a conventionally established pattern
of bols and vibhag (tali, khali) which define the tal
Lay
➢ It is the tempo. The tempo may be either slow
(vilambit), medium (madhya), or fast (drut). Additionally
ultra-slow may be referred to as ati-vilambit or ultra-fast
may be referred to as ati-drut

Learn about It!
Sam
➢ It is the beginning of the cycle. The first beat of any
cycle is usually stressed
Avartan
➢ It is the basic cycle

Values Integration
HARDWORK
Serve the interest of Jesus,
like St. Joseph.
Prepared by:
Sheldon Bencent I. Guino
PE Teacher

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IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

1. Analyze the characteristics of Indian music;

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

1. What is the dominant religion in India?

2. What are some cultural practices unique to

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

The system of Indian music is built on two concepts:

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

▪ A raga is based on a scale with a given set of notes, a

▪ The Hindi/Urdu word "rag" is derived from the Sanskrit

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

➢ There must also be the ascending and descending

➢ Another characteristic is that the various notes do not have

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

The relationship between the Vadi and the Samvadi,

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

Indian Swar Western Equivalent

▪ Notice that there are two forms of the names of the

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

▪ THAT (THAAT) - THE INDIAN MODES

✓ The that (thaat) is the specification as to which of the

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

JATI - NUMBER OF NOTES IN THE RAG

✓ The word "jati" or "jaati" literally means a "caste" or

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

If raga provides the melody, then Tala is

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

❖The basic concepts of Tal

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

There are many talas in Hindustani music

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

Clapping/ Waving Arrangement

clap, 2, 3, 4, clap, 2, 3, 4, wave, 2, 3, 4, clap, 2, 3, 4

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

Clap, 2, Clap, 2, 3, wave, 2, clap, 2, 3

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

Clapping/ Waving Arrangement

clap, 2, wave, 2, clap, 2, wave, 2, clap, 2, clap, 2

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

Clapping/ Waving Arrangement

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

Clapping/ Waving Arrangement

wave, 2, 3, clap, 2, clap, 2

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

Clapping/ Waving Arrangement

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

Clapping/ Waving Arrangement

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.

IBAAN SAINT JAMES ACADEMY, INC.