Text Title Questions

(1) Solar energy is used to produce salt from salt water. (2) In solar evaporation, brines are placed in
large open shallow ponds or pans from which water evaporates. (3) The brines become concentrated, and
crystallization occurs. (4) After all the water is driven off, the salt is harvested mechanically. (5) Solar
evaporation, an ancient art, now is a large-scale industrial process.

(6) Solar energy is also used to produce drinkable water from salt water. (7) In the most com
solar stillbrines
mon are putinblack pans thathave transparentsloping covers made ofglass orplastic.(8)Solar
energy enters through the cover and is absorbed in the basin. (9) The absorbed solar energy evaporates
water from the brine, leaving salt water in the basin. (10) The water vapor rises inside the still and comes
in contact with the cover, where it condenses. (11) The fresh water runs down the sloping underside of the
cover to collection troughs at the edges of the cover and then goes to a storage tank, ready for use.

1. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
(A) Two Uses of Solar Energy
(B) How Solar Energy Produces Fresh Water from Salt Water
(C) The Process of Producing Salt from Salt Water
(D) How Solar Energy Is Used as an Ancient Arts to Generate Fresh Water
(E) How The Absorbed Solar Energy Evaporates Water from The Brine

2. According to the passage, what happens if the water vapor condenses in the cover?
(A) The water vapor rises inside the still
(B) The fresh water Wlows down the sloping underside of the cover
(C) The fresh water goes directly to a storage tank
(D) The fresh water is absorbed at the edges of the cover
(E) The fresh water leaks to the cover and goes to a tank

Today most cars use gasoline, but in the future many people may drive electric cars. Electric cars do
not pollute the air. Electricity from a battery powers the motor of an electric car. Drivers of electric cars do
notWilltheirgasoline; they connect their cars to an electrical outlet to charge the battery with electricity. The
driverofan electricthecartoanelectricaloutlet at night.Inthemorning,thebatteryischargedwithenough
electricity to drive all day. Electric cars are not as fast as gasoline-powered cars, and they cannot travel more
than150miles(270kilometers).After150 miles,thedrivermustchargethebatteryagain.However,electric
cars may be one answers to the of pollution and high gasoline prices.

3. What is the topic of this paragraph?

(A) pollution and expensive gasoline
(B) the batteries of electric cars
(C) gasoline cars
(D) electric cars
(E) functions of a battery

Often people use the term personality as an easy way of explaining a person’s behavior. Someone
says that “she is a good saleswoman because she is an extrovert” or her uncle is hard to get along with
because he has an authoritarian personality.” Actually, the concept of personality does not explain anything
about the person’s behavior. Instead, the concept of personality is a descriptive one. It relates to speciWic
behavioral traits of an individual. It describes the individual’s speciWic adoption to his or her cultural
surroundings.

We might deWine personality as the basic organization of people that determines the uniqueness of
their interaction with themselves, with other, and with the nonhuman aspects of their environment. The

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basic organization refers to the structure of the personality how it is put together, and the relationships
among the various parts, it concerns the total physical, intellectual, and emotional structure of the
individual.

The personality structure determines the uniqueness of the individual’s interactions. Now two
personalities are alike. All persons have their own way of interacting with themselves and with their
environment, and the way they interact with others.

Humaninteractionalwaysbringsabout somechangeintheindividual. Thischangetakesplacevery

slowly. It is generally not noticeable from day to day. Nevertheless, the personality is changing constantly.
Personalities don’t all charge at the same rate. For example, the child change very rapidly in both physical
and intellectual aspects of personality. The adult may change very slowly. However, every personality
undergoes constant, gradual change as the individual interacts with others.

The personality of individual their basic organization is blending of all the factors present in their
particular social situation with whatever traits they inherit biologically. This brings us to one of the age old
question with is more important, hereditary or environment?

4. What is the best title for the passage?

(A) An easy way of explaining behavior.
(B) The description of specific behavioral traits.
(C) The meaning of personality.
(D) The uniqueness of the individual’s interactions
(E) The change of personality.

5. Based on the text, every personality changes …

(A) drastically
(B) swiftly
(C) dramatically
(D) gradually
(E) erratically

Ecologist Dr. Barry Commoner says that ecology has not yet developed speciWic laws, as has physics.
But suggests four generalizations that have resulted from ecological research on ecosystem. These might be
considered as an informal set of laws of ecology. The four generalizations are (1) Everything is connected to
everything. This means, everything plays a part in the endless cycles of ecosystem. (2) Everything must go
somewhere. This implies that there is no such thing as waste in nature. What is given off by one organism
as “waste” is taken up by another organism as food. (3) Nature knows best. The explains the changes having
occurred over billions of years, which have made up the delicately balance ecosystem that we have today.
For every organic substance produced by a living organism, nature has provided an enzyme capable of
breaking down that substance. Nature takes care of all natural materials, both organic and inorganic. (4)
There is not such thing as “a free lunch”, meaning that all life in nature lives at the expense of some other
life.

6. What is the main idea of the passage?

(A) Ecology has not yet developed speciWic laws.
(B) Physics has developed speciWic laws.
(C) The four-generalization resulting from ecological research on ecosystems.
(D) Natural laws of ecology
(E) Ecological research as the developed of ecosystems.

A 55-year-old civil servant from Tarakan, North Kalimantan, swam across the channel between the
Malaysian part of Sebatik Island and the Indonesian island of Nunukan to mark the 75th anniversary of
Indonesian independence on Monday. Ibrahim Rusli tackled the currents to swim 1.864 miles (about 3

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kilometers) from the Patok 16 border marker in Bambangan village on Sebatik Island, the northern part of
which belongs to the Malaysian state of Sabah, to Nunukan Island in North Kalimantan province.

Ibrahim, who works at the Tarakan Tourism and Culture Agency, completed the crossing in two
hours, from 7:15 a.m. to 9:15 a.m. local time. “I have been swimming since I was a child. I love the sea and
I am used to it,” said Ibrahim, who claimed that he started swimming 800 meters in the waters off Tarakan in
junior high school and gradually increased his distance.

Monday marked his 13th Sebatik-Nunukan crossing, during which he encountered strong ocean
currents. He recalled how he failed to complete several crossings in East Kalimantan's Derawan archipelago
because ofsharks,andexpressedgratitude thatspeedboats always accompaniedhimduring his open-water
crossings.

7. The topic of the passage is …

(A) The successful swimming attempt crossing Sebatik-Nunukan to celebrate 75th anniversary of
Indonesian independence
(B) Ibrahim Rusli as a tough swimmer
(C) 13th times swim crossing Sebatik-Nunukan border
(D) The swimming completed in two hours
(E) Sharks might be the possible factor failing the swimming attempt across Sebatik-Nunukan

Diabetes is characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin
production, insulin action, or both. The disease can lead to serious complications such as blindness, kidney
damage, cardiovascular disease, limb amputations and premature death. Worldwide, the number of people
living with the potentially fatal disease has quadrupled since 1980, to around 422 million, according to the
World Health Organization (WHO).

Type 1 diabetes develops when the body's immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells, the only
cells in the body that make insulin. This form of diabetes usually strikes children and young adults. Only
5- 10% of people with diabetes have Type 1. Risk factors for Type 1 diabetes may be autoimmune, genetic or
environmental. There is no known way to prevent Type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not use
insulin properly. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and in adults, it accounts for about
90%to 95%ofalldiagnosed casesofdiabetes.Itisassociated with olderage,obesity,familyhistory,physical
inactivity and race/ethnicity.

8. The main idea about passage is…

(A) A brief information about diabetes and the variants of them
(B) Describe diabetes as undiagnosed disease
(C) Concerned the healthy lifestyle to prevent diabetes
(D) Diabetes as one of deadly disease
(E) InsufWicient insulin production may cause diabetes

The unmistakable buzz of a bumblebee is one of the quintessential sounds of British summertime.
However, this slender sound and faint utterance is under threat because bumblebees are in crisis. Of the 25
species native toBritain,three have already beendeclaredextinct,Wive are designated UK Biodiversity Action
Plan priority species, and many more have undergone major range contractions. The great yellow
bumblebee, Bombus distinguendus, for example, is now restricted to northern Scotland, Orkney and the
Hebrides,and theshrillcarderbee,Bombussylvarum, whichwasoncecommonthroughoutsouthernBritain,
now exists only in seven small groups. In addition, as these populations become more isolated they can
become inbred, which increases the risk of further extinctions.

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 At the end of summer all the bumblebees in a colony die, apart from the virgin queens who mate and
then leave the nest to hibernate over winter. In the spring a queen will make a new nest, lay eggs and then
raise the Wirst batch of workers. This annual cycle depends on there being enough pollen and nectar to
sustain the queen as she establishes her nest and team of workers as the colony grows. Pollen is a protei
n- rich fuel that is key to helping over-wintered queens to kickstart their reproductive systems ready and for
the development of larvae. Nectar, on the other hand, is a sugar-rich fuel which is converted to honey to feed
adult bees. The bees make honey by adding to the nectar in their honey sacs an enzyme called invertase,

which converts sucrose sugars to a mixture of glucose and fructose. Once the workers are developed, they
take over the foraging and the queen concentrates on laying eggs. Later in the year, if the colony has been
successful and reaches a large enough size, the queen will produce male eggs and some female eggs are
raised as new queens.

A lack of resources is thought to be the critical factor that is affecting bumblebee populations, and it
is related to the loss of wild Wlowers, both in the countryside and in vast areas of suburban gardens. The
biggestimpacthas been the availability offoodanddrink,in particular the continuity ofsupplies throughout
thecolonycycle.Althoughnectarisavailablefromawiderangeof plants,thebeescanbemuchmorechoosy
about where they collect pollen from, sometimes restricting this to very few Wlowering plants. In Scotland,
overwintered queens of the declining and beautiful bilberry bumblebee focus on bilberry in spring. Other
species may focus on legumes such as red clover and bird’s-foot trefoil. Sadly, because the UK has lost 98%
of its Wlower-rich grasslands, this has been devastating for some bumblebee species.

9. What is the best title of the passage?

(A) The Bumblebees’ Life Cycle
(B) The Different Bumblebee Species
(C) A Drop in Bumblebees Population
(D) The Responsibilities of a Bumblebee Queen
(E) The Impacts of the Loss of the UK’s Grasslands

10. What can be inferred from the passage about the lifecycle of bumblebees?
(A) The new workers are brought up by the male bees.
(B) Bumblebees hibernate throughout winter to survive.
(C) The virgin queens survive the summer and then continue the reproduction.
(D) All the bumblebees in a colony die when summer ends.
(E) The continuation of the lifecycle depends on the skill of the queens in collecting food.

11. Which of the following statements about the passage is FALSE?

(A) When the colony has been thriving and reached a sufWicient size, the queen will lay male eggs.
(B) Some female eggs are laid to produce new queen bees.
(C) The declining population of bumblebees has been attributed to the inadequate food resource.
(D) Nectar and pollen are still widely available even for the choosy species of bumblebees.
(E) A large percentage of the UK area has lost its ability to supply food for bumblebees.

12. Why did the writer mention the queens of bilberry bumblebee?
(A) To describe how a bumblebee may look like
(B) To give example of bees which can survive the winter
(C) To show one species of bees whose food resource is declining
(D) To give an example of a species of bumblebees which is declining
(E) To give an example of bees which are very selective about source of pollen

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 There appears to be increasing numbers of children who specialize in a single sport at an early age.
The lure of a college scholarship or a professional career can motivate young athletes to commit to
specialized training regimens at an early age. However, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends
avoiding specializing in one sport before puberty.

Once puberty begins, both boys and girls go through their adolescent growth spurt (AGS). The
change and the age at which they occur can have an impact on a child’s sports performance. Going
thorough
this can have a signiWicant impact on athletic performance in both positive and negative ways. Increases in
body size, hormones, and muscle strength can improve athletic performance. Nevertheless, there may be a
temporary decline in balance skills and body control during the AGS. Quick increases in height and weight
affect the body’s center of gravity. Sometimes, the brain needs to adjust to this higher observation point. As
a result, a teen may seem a little clumsy.

This phase is especially noticeable in sports that require good balance and body control (e.g. Wigure
skating, diving, gymnastics, basketball). In addition, longer arms and legs can affect throwing any type of
ball, hitting with a bat, catching with a glove, or swimming and jumping. Coaches that are aware of the AGS
can help reduce athletic awkwardness by incorporating speci=ic aspects of training into practice sessions.

13. The most appropriate title for this passage is . . .

(A) Adolescent Growth Spurt and Sport
(B) Effects of Puberty on Sports Performance
(C) The Rising Popularity of Sports among Children
(D) The Impact of Poor Balance and Body Control
(E) The Side Effects of Specializing in Sports on Children

Is it true that animals tell us about bad weather is coming? If your dog always comes inside right
before it rains, you may think that animals can predict the weather. You might hear that cats get frisky a
s
kittens when a bad storm is approaching. It’s probably more accurate to say that animals react to certain

environmental signals that accompany weather changes, not to the weather it self.

A prevalent opinion is that animals can detect certain events, like earthquakes, as soon as they
happen, even if the originating event is a great distance away. While this ability wouldn’t make much of a
difference to people at the scene of the disaster, it could conceivably assist those located farther from the
epicenter.Some researchers even believe animals may be able to sense the precursors to these events before
they actually strike. They are saying that animals make greater use of their existing Wive senses, especially
when compared to humans. However, hard evidence of this is extremely limited; most of the evidence is
anecdotal.

The most critical sense is hearing. There are some sounds people can’t hear. On the low end of the
scale are infrasonic, low-
pitched sound vibrations on the hertz frequency scale falling below 20 hertz (Hz).
Ontheotherend arehigh-pitched sounds,likedogwhistles.Peopletypicallyhearin arangebetween 20 and
20,000 Hz (middle-aged adults usually don’t hear beyond 12,000 or 14,000 Hz). Elephants, however,
generally hear between 16 and 12,000 Hz. Cattle also start hearing sound at 16 Hz, but can continue to hear
all the way to 40,000 Hz. And earthquake shockwaves and ocean waves produce sounds in the infrasonic
range.

Some researchers think certain animals, like elephants, get an early earthquake warning because
they can sense shockwaves in the ground through their large feet. They don’t hear the sound but they do
sense distant, unfamiliar vibrations rolling in that terrify them into Wleeing for safety. How animals, not just
elephants, sense these vibrations is generally unknown. Researchers are examining different organs, body

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parts and nerve chains in a variety of species that may be able to pick up sound vibrations that humans just
can’t sense.

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 Thistheorycould also accountforthejust-in-time-reactions of other animals with less acute hearing
just priortothetsunami.Researchersnotethat infrasonicsoundproducesuneasinessandnauseainpeople.
Animals may perceive these sound vibrations as dangerous and instinctively seek safety.

14. The most appropriate title for this passage is ... .

(A) Animal Behaviors
(B) Climate Weather Warnings
(C) Signs of Storms
(D) Animal Ability to Predict Weather
(E) Animals in Bad Weather

15. The passage is most likely found in a ... .

(A) popular science magazine
(B) weather review
(C) natural alarm text
(D) warning sign booklet
(E) vet handbook

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