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Understanding Current & Voltage Harmonics – 2 - Zenithar Foreign Trade and Consulting
Understanding Current & Voltage Harmonics – 2 - Zenithar Foreign Trade and Consulting
Voltage harmonics affect the entire system irrespective of the type of load. They affect sensitive equipment throughout the facility like those that
work on the zero-voltage crossing as they introduce voltage distortions.
It is important to note here that a small load current may have a high THD value but may not be a significant threat to the system as the
magnitude of harmonics is quite low. This is quite common during light load conditions.
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TDD limits are based on the ratio of the system’s short circuit current to load current (I_SC/I_L). This is used to differentiate a system and its
impact on voltage distortion of the entire power system. The short circuit capacity is a measure of the impedance of the system. The higher the
system impedance, the lower will be the short circuit capacity and vice versa.
Systems with higher I_sc /I_Lhave smaller impedances and thus contribute less to the overall voltage distortion of the power system to which they
are connected. Thus, the TDD limits become less stringent for systems with higher I_sc /I_Lvalues. In other words, the higher the rating of the
transformer used for the same amount of load, the higher will be the allowable current distortion limits.
The limits on voltage are set at 5% for total harmonic distortion and 3% fundamental for any single harmonic at PCC level. Harmonics levels above
this may lead to erratic functioning of equipment. In critical applications like hospitals and airports, the limits are more stringent (less than 3%
V_THD) THD as the erroneous operation may have severe consequences. As discussed already, the harmonic voltage will be higher downstream
in the system.
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