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In India, despite significant economic growth over the past few decades, poverty
remains a persistent issue affecting millions. According to official estimates,
around 21% of India's population lives below the national poverty line. This
translates to over 270 million people struggling to meet their basic needs such as
food, shelter, and healthcare.

Income inequality is also stark in India. The wealthiest individuals and families
hold a disproportionate share of the country's wealth, while a large segment of
the population, particularly in rural areas and urban slums, faces economic
marginalization. This inequality is reflected in disparities in access to education,
healthcare, and opportunities for economic advancement.

Definition of poverty and income inequality;

Poverty is about not having enough money to meet basic needs including food,
clothing and shelter. However, poverty is more, much more than just not having
enough money.
The World Bank Organization describes poverty in this way:
“Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not
being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having access to school and not
knowing how to read. Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future,
living one day at a time.
Poverty has many faces, changing from place to place and across time, and
has been described in many ways. Most often, poverty is a situation people
want to escape. So poverty is a call to action -- for the poor and the wealthy
alike -- a call to change the world so that many more may have enough to
eat, adequate shelter, access to education and health, protection from
violence, and a voice in what happens in their communities.”

Income inequality refers to how unevenly income is distributed throughout a

population. The less equal the distribution, the greater the income inequality.
Income inequality is often accompanied by wealth inequality, which is the
uneven distribution of wealth.

Populations can be divided up in different ways to show different levels and

forms of income inequality, such as income inequality by gender or race.
Different measures, such as the Gini Index, can be used to analyze the level of
income inequality in a population.