Gravity is an attractive force.

- It pulls objects together.

- is a force that pulls any object toward Earth or another object without direct contract
Gravitational Force – a force between Earth and falling apple.
Sir Isaac Newton got the idea for the law of universal gravitation
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation states that the force of gravity acts between all objects in the universe
Weight is the force of gravity that pulls any object towards the ground.
Friction - enables you to control movement.
- it prevents you from slipping when you walk.
- slows down the motion of an object
- is a force that acts against a moving object. It acts in the direction opposite of the moving and slows down motion.
Air Resistance is a type of friction that exist between air and an object moving through it

Ways of Increasing Friction

Friction may be increased by making surfaces rough.
1. Treads on rubber tires
2. Spikes on soles
3. Rubber or rough clothing wrapped on the handles of badminton and tennis rackets

Ways of Decreasing Friction

1. Asphalt to smoothen the rough surfaces of the rough roads
2. Rollers and wheels on heavy furniture, bags or luggage
3. Lubricants such as oil, wax and grease on machines
4. Polished bowling lanes
Lubricants is a substance that can reduce friction between solid surfaces
Energy- is the ability to do work. You get your energy from the food you eat
-you use energy breathe, move around, and do other things
-exists in different forms-mechanical energy, electrical energy, light energy, chemical energy und energy. sound and
thermal energy.
-two main categories- potential and kinetic energy.

Kinetic energy- The runner, bowler, bowling ball, and car are di In motion.
Anything that is in motion possesses kinetic energy (KE)
Potential Energy- a battery has potential energy (PE) or stored energy. there is chemical energy in it.
it can provide energy for a flashlight to produce light or a radio to produce sound.
The food we eat gives us energy to move and do our activities.

Forms of Energy
Mechanical Energy
 Mechanical energy may be in the form of kinetic energy or potential energy. or both. Hence, mechanical energy is the
energy that an object possesses due to its motion (KE) or its position (PE).
Electrical Energy
Electric light, TV, electric stove, radio, computer, and many other machines make use of electrical energy. Electricity is
the energy associated with the movement of electric charges also may be produced from solar energy.
Chemical Energy
A car battery and a flashlight battery are devices that generate electricity. They are referred to as electrochemical
cells. A chemical reaction occurs inside an electrochemical cell.
Sound Energy
Sound energy is the energy brought about by a vibrating medium. Sound travels through solids, liquids, and
gases. You can hear because sound waves reach your ears and make your eardrums vibrate. Plucking the strings of a
guitar causes the air around it to vibrate.
Sound waves can be reflected. We call reflected sounds as echoes Sonar (sound navigation and ranging) uses echoes
to measure the depth of an ocean and find schools of fish.
Thermal Energy
Matter is composed of atoms or molecules that are in constant motion. Atom or molecules of solids vibrate in fixed
positions, those of liquids slip and slide, and those of gases move at random. The thermal energy of an object is
determined by how active its atoms and molecules are. Atoms or molecules of a hot object are excited and in rapid
motion.
Thermal energy has many sources. It can come from the sun. Inside Earth (geothermal), electricity on a hot flat iron,
friction when two objects rub against each other, and nuclear reactions.
Transformation of Energy
When you turn on a TV. electrical energy is changed into light energy, sound energy, and heat energy. The change
of energy from one form to another is known as energy transformation.
Energy transformation is useful. When you turn on an appliance, the electrical energy is converted into heat that can be
used to cook food or iron clothes. Energy can also make the blades of an electric fan move fast. make bulbs and lamps
light up, and make a room cool or warm.

Law of Conservation of Energy

A rock on a mountainside has potential energy due to its height. An earthquake may cause it to roll down and push many things
along its path. Some the rocks hit by the boulder may be broken or thrown to different places. Some may experience an increase
in temperatures due to friction. The boulder's potential and kinetic energy are changed into other forms of energy.
The law of conservation of energy governs energy transformation, it states that energy changes its form, it cannot be
created nor destroyed. In other words, the initial amount of energy does not change.