ROOTS OF EQUATION

(OPEN METHOD)
PREPARED BY:
Engr. ROLANDO C. RAFAELA, JR.
OPEN METHOD

𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖+1
𝑥
OPEN METHOD

FIXED POINT ITERATION

NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD

SECANT METHOD

MODIFIED SECANT METHOD

FIXED-POINT ITERATION

𝑓 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑥) → 𝑥𝑖+1 = 𝑔(𝑥𝑖 ) 𝜀𝑠 = 6% 𝜀𝑎 < 𝜀𝑠

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 14 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = −5
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
1𝑠𝑡 𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
ITERATION 𝒙 𝜺𝒂
𝑓 𝑥 =0
14 − 𝑥𝑖 2 14 − (−5)2 1 -2.2
𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 14 = 0 𝑥𝑖+1 = = = −2.2
5 5 2 1.832 220.0873362
5𝑥 = −𝑥 2 + 14 2𝑛𝑑 𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
3 2.1288 13.94031592
14 − 𝑥 2 14 − 𝑥𝑖 2 14 − (−2.2)2
𝑥= 𝑥𝑖+1 = = = 1.832 4 1.8937 12.41365532
5 5 5
3𝑟𝑑 𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 5 2.0828 9.079854415
14 − 𝑥𝑖 2
𝑥𝑖+1 = 14 − 𝑥𝑖 2 14 − (1.832)2 6 1.9324 7.783200969
5 𝑥𝑖+1 = = = 2.1288
5 5
7 2.0532 5.882532784
NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD

𝑓(𝑥𝑖 )
𝑥𝑖+1 = 𝑥𝑖 −
𝑓′(𝑥𝑖 )

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 14 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = −5
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
ITERATION 𝒙
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 14
1 -7.8
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5
2 -7.0604
1𝑠𝑡 𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2𝑛𝑑 𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑓(𝑥𝑖 ) 𝑓(−5) 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 ) 𝑓(−7.8) 3 -7.0004
𝑥𝑖+1 = 𝑥𝑖 − = −5 − ′ 𝑥𝑖+1 = 𝑥𝑖 − = −7.8 − ′ 4 -7.0000
𝑓′(𝑥𝑖 ) 𝑓 −5 𝑓′(𝑥𝑖 ) 𝑓 −7.8
(−5)2 +5(−5) − 14 (−7.8)2 +5(−7.8) − 14 5 -7
𝑥𝑖+1 = −5 − 𝑥𝑖+1 = −7.8 −
2 −5 + 5 2 −7.8 + 5
𝑥𝑖+1 = −7.8 𝑥𝑖+1 = −7.0604
 SECANT METHOD

𝑓(𝑥𝑖 )(𝑥𝑖−1 − 𝑥𝑖 )
𝑥𝑖+1 = 𝑥𝑖 −
𝑓 𝑥𝑖−1 − 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 )
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 14 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓𝑥𝑖−1 = −5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥𝑖 = −6
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
1𝑠𝑡 𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑥𝑖−1 = −5 , 𝑥𝑖 = −6 2𝑛𝑑 𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑥𝑖−1 = −6 , 𝑥𝑖 = −7.3333
𝑓(𝑥𝑖 )(𝑥𝑖−1 − 𝑥𝑖 ) 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 )(𝑥𝑖−1 − 𝑥𝑖 )
𝑥𝑖+1 = 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥𝑖+1 = 𝑥𝑖 −
𝑓 𝑥𝑖−1 − 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 ) 𝑓 𝑥𝑖−1 − 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 )
𝑓 −6 [−5 − −6 ] 𝑓 −7.33 [−6 − −7.33 ]
𝑥𝑖+1 = −6 − 𝑥𝑖+1 = −7.33 −
𝑓 −5 − 𝑓(−6) 𝑓 −6 − 𝑓(−7.33)
(−6)2 +5(−6) − 14 [−5 − −6 ] 𝑥𝑖+1 = −7.33 −
(−7.33)2 +5(−7.33) − 14 [−6 − −7.33 ]
𝑥𝑖+1 = −6 − (−6)2 +5(−6) − 14 − (−7.33)2 +5(−7.33) − 14
(−5)2 +5(−5) − 14 − (−6)2 +5(−6) − 14
𝑥𝑖+1 = −7.334 𝑥𝑖+1 = −6.96
 MODIFIED SECANT METHOD

𝛿𝑥𝑖 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 )
𝑥𝑖+1 = 𝑥𝑖 −
𝑓 𝑥𝑖 + 𝛿𝑥𝑖 − 𝑓 𝑥𝑖
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 14 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = −5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛿 = 0.01
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
1𝑠𝑡 𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2𝑛𝑑 𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝛿𝑥𝑖 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 ) 𝛿𝑥𝑖 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 )
𝑥𝑖+1 = 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥𝑖+1 = 𝑥𝑖 −
𝑓 𝑥𝑖 + 𝛿𝑥𝑖 − 𝑓 𝑥𝑖 𝑓 𝑥𝑖 + 𝛿𝑥𝑖 − 𝑓 𝑥𝑖
0.01 −7.7723 𝑓(−7.7723)
0.01 −5 𝑓(−5) 𝑥𝑖+1 = −7.7723 −
𝑥𝑖+1 = −5 − 𝑓 −7.7723 + 0.01(−7.7723) − 𝑓(−7.7723)
𝑓 −5 + 0.01(−5) − 𝑓(−5)
2 0.01 −7.7723 [ −7.7723 2 + 5(−7.7723) − 14]
0.01 −5 [ −5 + 5(−5) − 14] 𝑥𝑖+1 = −7.7723 −
𝑥𝑖+1 = −5 − (−7.85)2 +5(−7.85) − 14 − (−7.7723)2 +5(−7.7723) − 14
(−5.05)2 +5(−5.05) − 14 − (−5)2 +5(−5) − 14

𝑥𝑖+1 = −7.7723 𝑥𝑖+1 = −7.0618

SEATWORK
 SOLUTION

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