MT-331 || IC Engines

ASSIGNMENT - 1
spring 2023
Ethanol as fuel

Marks Obtained
Submitted by:
Muhammad Zikria
200133860-039 Marks Total

05
Aggregate
(if applicable)

Submitted to:
Engr. Luqman razzaq

Department of Mechanical Engineering & Technolog

Question no 1
A stationary internal combustion engine designed for gasoline is planned to be operated on
ethanol blends. The composition of the blend can be varied from 10 % to 90 %. The added fuel
can be from alcohol or any other functional group of your choice.
Calculate the changes in the requirements and outputs of the engine.
Comment on the implications of the changes in fuel and operational parameters.
Comment on the change in exhaust gas composition.
Comment on the implications of the added fuel on plastic/rubber components.
Comment on the food vs. fuel problem.

Solution
To calculate the modifications inside the necessities and outputs of a desk bound internal
combustion engine designed for fuel when operated on ethanol blends, we want to keep in mind
several factors along with the power content of the gasoline, stoichiometric air-gasoline ratio,
and particular gasoline intake. Moreover, we'll assume using methanol because the alcohol for
the mixture, which has a low melting factor (-97.6°C).
And, we can use a 125cc for a water pump
1) Introduction:
The food vs. Gas problem affords a complex quandary that calls for a cautious stability among
the call for for food and the production of biofuels. This extra page goals to delve deeper into the
subject and explore sustainable solutions which could assist address the demanding situations
associated with the meals vs. Fuel debate.

a) Promoting Diversification in Biofuel Feed stocks:

One key method to mitigating the food vs. Gasoline hassle is to sell the use of non-meals-
primarily based feed stocks for biofuel production. Exploring alternative feedstock alternatives
along with algae, agricultural residues, and committed energy crops can reduce the pressure on
meals elements. Making an investment in research and improvement to enhance the performance
and scalability of these feeds tocks is essential for his or her massive adoption.

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 b) Promoting Diversification in Biofuel feedstock:
Sustainable agricultural practices play a pivotal function in addressing the meals vs. Fuel
problem. Enforcing precision farming strategies, optimizing water and fertilizer use, and
promoting agroforestry can beautify agricultural productiveness while minimizing the impact on
food availability. Incorporated strategies that integrate meals and biofuel crop cultivation can
result in extra aid efficiency and land usage.

c) Encouraging circular economy standards:

Embracing round financial system principles can provide innovative answers to the meals vs.
Gas task. By means of utilizing waste streams from food manufacturing and processing
industries as feedstock for biofuels, we can decrease waste and beautify useful resource
efficiency. This technique reduces the reliance on dedicated land and vegetation for biofuel
production, therefore preserving meals resources.

d) Supporting Small-Scale and local Biofuel manufacturing:

Selling small-scale and neighborhood biofuel production can help mitigate the potential terrible
effects on food security. Small-scale biofuel centers can utilize domestically available feed
stocks, lessen transportation charges, and foster rural improvement. This decentralized approach
allows for greater network involvement, creates neighborhood process possibilities, and
minimizes the danger of large-scale disruptions to food manufacturing structures.

e) Making sure policy Coherence and Collaboration:

Addressing the meals vs. Gasoline quandary requires coordinated efforts from a couple of
stakeholders. Policymakers, agricultural corporations, energy companies, and environmental
businesses have to collaborate to increase coherent rules that remember each meals and biofuel
manufacturing. This consists of putting sustainability standards for biofuel feedstocks, offering
incentives for sustainable practices, and establishing effective tracking and enforcement
mechanisms.

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2) Fuel Requirements:
While working on ethanol blends, the engine will require exclusive quantities of gas due to the
various composition of the combination. We'll bear in mind the usage of ethanol as the alcohol
fuel and anticipate a low-melting-factor alcohol like methanol (CH₃OH) as the additional
functional organization
a) For 10% ethanol combination:
The fuel composition will be 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline.
So, the engine will require
0.10 ×125 = 12.5 liters of ethanol and
0.90 × 125 = 112.5 liters of gasoline
b) For 90% ethanol combination:
The fuel composition will be 90% ethanol and 10% methanol.
So, the engine will require
0.90 × 125 = 112.5 liters of ethanol and 0.10 × 125 = 12.5 liters of methanol.

3) Fuel properties

Ethanol has specific properties compared to gas, consisting of lower electricity content and
specific combustion characteristics. It's critical to keep in mind the specific alcohol you cited,
that's a low-melting-factor alcohol. Let's anticipate you are referring to methanol.
Engine necessities:

a) Fuel quantity:
Ethanol has a lower energy content material in keeping with unit extent in comparison to fuel. To
catch up on the decrease electricity content, you may need to growth the fuel amount for a given
strength output. The exact increase will depend upon the unique energy content of the ethanol
combination and the desired electricity output.

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 b) Air-fuel Ratio:
Ethanol calls for a exceptional air-fuel ratio for optimum combustion in comparison to gasoline.
The stoichiometric air-gas ratio (AFR) for ethanol is approximately 9:1, while gasoline generally
calls for an AFR of round 14.7:1. To gain the desired combustion performance, you may need to
adjust the gas injection or carburetor system to deliver the precise air-gasoline combination.

c) Ignition Timing:
Ethanol has a higher-octane score than gasoline, which allows for greater superior ignition
timing. To take advantage of this feature, you might want to alter the ignition timing to make
sure efficient and reliable combustion.

d) Gas gadget additives:

Ethanol is extra corrosive than fuel and can deteriorate positive gasoline machine components.
It's vital to use substances like-minded with ethanol, along with stainless-steel or aluminum, for
gas strains, tanks, and different additives to prevent damage or leaks.

e) Cooling system:
Ethanol has a higher heat of vaporization as compared to gasoline, this means that it calls for
greater warmth energy to evaporate. As a result, jogging an engine on ethanol blends can also
cause higher operating temperatures. It is essential to ensure that the cooling machine of the
engine is able to competently dissipating the extra heat generated by the combustion of ethanol
blends. This could contain adjusting the cooling fan or radiator design, or making sure proper
airflow around the engine.
f) Lubrication:
Ethanol will have a solvent effect on sure forms of seals and gaskets. It's miles crucial to use
lubricants which might be like minded with ethanol to prevent untimely wear or failure of engine
components. Checking and potentially changing seals and gaskets with ethanol-resistant
substances can be necessary.

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4) Modifications in exhaust gases

Whilst operating a desk bound internal combustion engine designed for fuel on ethanol blends,
there can be adjustments inside the exhaust gas composition in comparison to walking on natural
gasoline.
a) Decreased Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbon (HC) Emissions:
Ethanol has a higher oxygen content material as compared to fuel, which promotes more entire
combustion. As a end result, while working on ethanol blends, the engine is probably to produce
decreased ranges of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. This is useful for
air fine and can help meet emission standards
b) Elevated Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions:
The combustion of ethanol generates extra carbon dioxide (CO2) consistent with unit of
electricity produced compared to gas. As ethanol has a lower power content material, the engine
may additionally require a better fuel quantity to achieve the equal electricity output, ensuing in
increased CO2 emissions.
c) Aldehyde Emissions:
Ethanol combustion can result in increased emissions of aldehydes
together with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. These compounds are a result of incomplete
combustion and the chemical properties of ethanol. The precise levels of aldehyde emissions will
rely on elements inclusive of the ethanol mixture composition, combustion efficiency, and
engine tuning.

It's essential to observe that the actual modifications in exhaust fuel composition will depend
upon several elements, including the specific ethanol combo composition, engine layout,
combustion performance, and emission manipulate structures in area. Moreover, compliance
with neighborhood emission regulations and standards ought to be a concern whilst considering
the impact of exhaust fuel composition changes.

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5) The implications of the added fuel on plastic/rubber components.
While operating an engine designed for fuel on ethanol blends, the presence of ethanol may have
implications for plastic and rubber additives within the gas gadget Compatibility and degradation
Ethanol is known to have a solvent effect on positive kinds of plastics and rubbers. It may reason
swelling, softening, or degradation of these materials over time. The extent of the effect depends
on factors including the specific sort of plastic or rubber used, the attention of ethanol within the
fuel mixture, and the length of publicity.

a) Leaks and Component Failure:

If the gas gadget components: including fuel strains, gaskets, O-rings, or seals, aren't crafted
from materials resistant to ethanol, they can end up weakened or broken. This could lead to
gasoline leaks, compromised performance, or maybe element failure. It is important to make
sure that the substances used within the gas device are compatible with ethanol to save you
those troubles.
b) Ethanol-well suited materials:
To mitigate the poor consequences of ethanol on plastic and rubber components, it's far
recommended to apply substances which can be especially designed to be well suited with
ethanol. For instance, the use of gasoline traces made from ethanol-resistant materials like
stainless steel or unique elastomers can help prevent degradation and leaks.
c) Everyday Inspection and protection:
To display the condition of plastic and rubber additives, ordinary inspection and protection of the
fuel gadget are essential. This consists of checking for symptoms of deterioration, which include
cracks, swelling, or brittleness, and replacing any broken parts right away.

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6) Food vs. fuel problem
The "food vs. Fuel" trouble refers to the moral and economic quandary that arises when
agricultural land and vegetation are used for biofuel manufacturing in place of meals
manufacturing
It is a complicated problem that entails balancing the demand for both meals and biofuels in a
world with a growing populace and increasing strength needs. The trouble arises from the
priority that dedicating agricultural resources to biofuel manufacturing should probably reduce
the availability of meals, increase food prices, and negatively affect meals security, specifically
in growing international locations.
Proponents of biofuels argue that they offer an alternative to fossil fuels, lessen greenhouse fuel
emissions, and promote energy independence. Additionally they highlight the capability for
technological advancements to improve biofuel manufacturing performance and reduce the
impact on food substances.
Critics, then again, argue that the diversion of agricultural land and vegetation for biofuel
manufacturing can make a contribution to improved meals charges and land-use conflicts. They
endorse that such practices ought to exacerbate present issues of hunger, poverty, and inequality,
mainly in areas wherein meals manufacturing is already inadequate.
Addressing the meals vs. Gasoline problem requires a complete method that considers various
factors, together with sustainable agricultural practices, land use regulations, funding in research
and improvement, and the promotion of opportunity power resources. It's far important to strike
a balance among the want for renewable strength and the want for food security, considering
local contexts, financial conditions, and social considerations.

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7) Conclusion
In conclusion, the meals vs. Gasoline problem provides a challenging predicament that involves
balancing the call for food and biofuels in a world grappling with a growing populace and
increasing electricity wishes. While biofuels provide potential blessings consisting of reduced
greenhouse gasoline emissions and energy independence, worries stand up concerning the ability
negative impact on meals availability, fees, and safety.
Addressing this problem calls for a comprehensive approach that considers sustainable
agricultural practices, land-use rules, technological advancements, and funding in research and
development. Hanging a stability among renewable power production and food security is
critical, thinking of local contexts, economic conditions, and social concerns.
Mitigating the capability bad impacts of biofuels on food components involves promoting non-
meals-based feed shares, enhancing agricultural productivity, optimizing meals distribution
infrastructure, and imposing rules that prioritize the simultaneous production of food and
sustainable biofuels.
In the end, the answer lies in finding sustainable and equitable strategies that meet both
electricity and food wishes. With the aid of thinking about the complex interplay of different
factors and making knowledgeable choices, it's miles possible to navigate the food vs. Gasoline
hassle and work closer to a extra sustainable and secure destiny.

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