Art Appreciation Reviewer (PRELIMINARIES)

Course Description:
- Art Appreciation is a three-unit course that develops students' ability to
appreciate, analyze, and critique works of art.
- The course also develops students' competency in researching and
curating (selecting, organizing, and looking after the items in (a collection
or exhibition) art as well as conceptualizing, mounting, and evaluating art
productions.

Lesson 1: INTRODUCTION of Art Appreciation (ARTA111)

Humanities
- came from the Latin word humanus meaning refined, cultured and human.

•study of the different cultural aspect of man, his frailties in life and how
it can be improved.
•records man’s quest for answers to the fundamental questions he asks
about himself and about life.

- are expressions of man’s feelings and thoughts.

•emphasizes dignity and worthiness of man and recognizes creative

expressions
• aimed to shape students’ subjective energies (feelings, attitudes and
aspirations)

IMPORTANCE of Humanities
1. Man needs an image of himself.
2. Understanding of his nature.
3. Necessary for the development of a complete, social man
4. Provides man with a measure of his own passion & desire
5. Regulate man’s behavior
ETYMOLOGY of Art
• ART comes from the Aryan root word AR which means to put together
• Latin word ARS which means skills/ability
• cover those areas of artistic creativity - embraces the visual arts, literature,
music and dance
• expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skill & imagination

DIVISION of the Arts

• Visual: arts that are primarily seen, occupies space

• Auditory: heard, timed arts; exist in time
• Combined/performing arts: combines visual & auditory elements

EXAMPLES:

• Visual arts: paintings, sculptures and architectures

• Auditory arts: music and poetry
• Combined: drama & theatre, dancing, cinema & TV, opera

PURPOSES of the Arts

1. Create beauty
2. Provide decoration
3. Reveal truth
4. Immortalize
5. Express religious values
6. Record and commemorate experience
7. Create order & harmony

Lesson 2: ASSUMPTIONS AND NATURE of Art

Art…
- Art has been created by all people at all times, in all countries and it lives
because its well-liked and enjoyed.
 - Involves experience; there can never be appreciation of art without
experience.

Art and Nature

- Art is not nature; Nature is not art.
- Art is made by human beings, but they find inspiration from the natural
world.
- No matter how close the art is to nature, it will never be considered as
natural and always be considered as man-made.
- The function of artists is to help people understand the nature of things.

• Art is made by man;

• Art is everywhere.
• Art is man’s oldest means of expression;
• Art as a means of expression & communication.

» “The humanities constitute one of the oldest and most important means of
expression developed by man”. Human history has witnessed how man evolved
not just physically but also culturally, from cave painters to men of exquisite
paintbrush users of the present.

PREHISTORIC PAINTINGS

Eg.
- The Galloping Wild Boar found in the cave of Altamira, Spain.

•According to experts, these paintings were purported to belong to Upper

Paleolithic Age, several thousands of years before the current era.
•The humanities, then, ironically, have started even before the term has
been coined. Human persons have long been exercising what it means to
be a human long before he was even aware of his being one.
Lesson 3: FUNCTIONS of Art and Philosophy

Popular Art Expressions

1. Visual Arts
- Is the kind of art form that the population is most likely more exposed to,
but its variations are so diverse they range from sculptures that you see in
art galleries to the last movie you saw.

•Film - refers to the art of putting together successions of still images

in order to create an illusion of movement.
•Architecture - is the art of designing and constructing buildings and
other types of structures.

2. Performance Art
- Performance art is a live art and the artist’s medium is mainly the human
body which he or she uses to perform.

•Poetry Performance - is an art form where the artist expresses his

emotions.
• Dance - came from the French word dancier, is a series of movements
that follows the rhythm of the music accompaniment.
• Theatre - uses live performers to present accounts or imaginary
events before a live audience.

3. Literary Art
- goes beyond the usual professional, academic, journalistic, and other
technical form of writing.

4. Applied Arts
- incorporates elements of style and design to everyday items with the aim
of increasing their aesthetical value.
THE FUNCTIONS of Art

a. Art as a Therapy
- In its therapeutic function, art can be and is used as therapy for
individuals.

b. Art as Artifact
- Art also functions as an artifact: A product of a particular time and place,
an artwork represents the ideas and technology of that specific time and
place.

c. Personal Function of Art

- The personal functions of art are varied and highly subjective.

d. Social Function of Art

- Art is considered to have a social function if and when it addresses a
particular collective interest as opposed to a personal interest.

e. Physical Function of Art

- The physical functions of art are the easiest to spot and understand.

f. Other Functions of Art

- Music as an art is also interesting to talk about in relation to function.
Music in its original form was principally functional. Music was used for
dance and religion.
- Art as a Representation
- Art as a Disinterested Judgment
- Art as a Communication of Emotion

SUBJECT AND CONTEXT

Subject
- refers to the visual focus or the image that may be extracted from
examining the artwork.
Context
- is the meaning that is communicated by the artist or the artwork.

TYPES of Subjects
1. Representational Art
- These types of art have subjects that refer to object or events occurring
in the real world.

2. Non-Representational Art
- This art does not make a reference to the real world, whether it is a
person, place, thing, or even a particular event.

SOURCES of Subjects
• Nature (eg. Vincent van Gogh "Die Ebene von Auvers)
• History (eg. Battle of Waterloo)
• Greek and Roman Mythology (eg. “Discobolus” – Greek original by the
sculptor Myron of 450-440 BC)
• Judeo- Christian Tradition (eg. Shah Jahan Receiving Dara Shikoh, Interior of
Westminster, and Sistine Chapel by Michale Angelo)

TYPES of Subjects
• History
• Still Life
• Animals
• Myth
• Landscape
• Seascape
• Figures
• Nature
• Cityscape
• Mythology
• Dreams
• Fantasies

CONTENTS in Arts
- Levels of meanings…

1. Factual
- pertains to the most rudimentary level of meaning for it may be extracted
from the identifiable or recognizable forms in the artwork and
understanding how these elements relate to one another.

2. Subjective
- When subjectivities are consulted, a variety of meaning may arise when a
particular work of art is read.

3. Conventional
- meaning, on the other hand, pertains to the acknowledged interpretation
of the artwork using motifs, signs, symbols and other cyphers as bases of
its meaning.

Lesson 4: Arts and Artisans

SOME OF THE GREATEST ARTISTS IN THE WORLD…

1. Leonardo Da Vinci (1452 - 1519)

- painted the “Mona Lisa”
- Known for Painting, drawing, sculpting, science, engineering, architecture,
anatomy
 2. Vincent Van Gogh (1853 - 1890)
- painted the “A Starry Night”
- A Dutch post-impressionist

3. Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475 - 1564)

- painted the “The Creation of Adam”
- Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted an
unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.

4. Fernando Amorsolo (1892 – 1972)

- painted in “Dalagang Bukid”
- who was touted as the “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art.”

Who is an Artist?

- An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts. This captures
all forms of art.
- is an art practitioner such as painter, sculptor, choreographer, dancer,
musician, etc. who produces or creates indirectly functional arts with
aesthetic value using imagination.

What is an Artisan?

- An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand. This includes

various objects ranging from jewelry to furniture.

What is the difference between Artist and Artisan?

Definitions of Artist and Artisan:

• Artist: An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts.
• Artisan: An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand.
Characteristics of Artist and Artisan:

Artistic Value:
• Artist: The object has a clear artistic value.
• Artisan: The object has an artistic value.
Functional Value:
• Artist: The object has no functional value.
• Artisan: The object has a functional value.

• Object:
• Artist: The object has a lot of aesthetic value and is appreciated for this quality
as it pleases the individual.
• Artisan: The object though utilitarian has certain aesthetic attributes to it.

Cologne Cathedral in Germany

• An example of early Gothic architecture.
• This is also a collaboration between the artist who made the design and the
Artisan who help in the construction of the whole building.

Artisan and Guilds

- These guilds where towns had formalized groups of artisans or craftsmen

who took on a particular specialization or trade; shoemakers, textile and
glass workers, carpenters, carvers, masons, armorers, and weapon-makers,
among others.
- Guilds were a type of social fellowship, an association structured with
rules, customs, rights, and responsibilities. With a lifetime commitment to
a particular trade, an artisan develops immense skill and expertise in his
craft.
PHILIPPINE Artisans
• Church of the Most Holy Trinity in Loay, Bohol.
• Spanish friars commissioned a lot of artisans to carve, paint, and engrave
images for churches and public sites.

What is an Art Curator?

- Art curators are employed by museums and art galleries to design, develop
and manage installations and exhibits.
- Art curators typically specialize in specific areas of art, like Western, Asian
or contemporary art. The job duties of a curator are vast.

Role of an Art Curator?

- the role of the curator is more of the interpretation and development of

the artwork(s) or the collection(s) through establishing the significance,
relationship, and relevance of these materials----in isolation and/or as part
of a wider narrative.

• MUSEUMS and GALLERIES

FILMMAKING PROCESS
✓ Production Process (1)
✓ Preproduction (2)
✓ Production, and (3)
✓ Postproduction.

AWARDS and CITATIONS

- The two major awards given to artist in the Philippines are the Order ng
Pambansang Alagad ng Sining (Order of national Artist) and Gawad sa
Manlilikha ng Bayan (National Living Treasures Award).

• The conferment of the Order of National Artist is the “highest national

recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made significant contributions
to the development of Philippine Arts; namely, music, dance, theater, visual arts,
literature, film, broadcast art, and architecture and allied arts.
The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) or The National Living
Treasures Award was created in 1992
- a “Manlilikha ng Bayan” who is a “citizen engaged in any traditional art
uniquely Filipino whose distinctive skills have reached such a high level of
technical and artistic excellence and have been passed on to and widely
practiced by the present generation in his/ her community with the same
degree of technical and artistic competence” (NCCA,2015).
- This artists’ practice may fall under the following categories: folk,
architecture,maritime transport, weaving, carving, performing arts,
literature, graphic and plastic art, ornament, textile or fiber art, pottery
and other artistic expressions of traditional culture. The Gawad sa
Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) or The National Living Treasures Award
was created in 1992

Lesson 5: ELEMENTS of Arts

The Elements of Visual Arts:

1. Lines
2. Colors
3. Texture
4. Perspective
5. Space
6. Form
7. Volume

1. LINE

- Line is a mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline. It can

create texture and can be thick and thin. Types of line can include
actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal and contour line.
LINE
o is an important element at the disposal of every artist.
o always has direction, always moving.
o as used in any work of art, may either be straight or curved.
o Lines are the first element of art and are continuous marks that are
made on any surface with a moving point.
o Lines can be used in various ways to create different compositions.
 o A line can be used to express various things or feelings; it can be
used to show various moods or anything abstract.
o Lines are the first element of art and are continuous marks that are
made on any surface with a moving point.
o Lines can be used in various ways to create different compositions.
o A line can be used to express various things or feelings; it can be
used to show various moods or anything abstract.

; Line serves as an essential building block of art, but it can also serve as the
content itself of a work of art, or be manipulated to evoke an emotional or
intellectual response from a viewer (Fichner-Rathus, 2010).

What do these lines suggest?

✓ CURVED LINES
✓ HORIZONTAL LINES
✓ DIAGONAL LINES
✓ VERTICAL LINES

What do these lines suggest?

✓ CURVED LINES
✓ HORIZONTAL LINES
✓ DIAGONAL LINES
✓ VERTICAL LINES

Vertical Lines
• Vertical lines are poised for action. They are poised, balanced, forceful, and
dynamic.

Horizontal Lines
• Horizontal lines are lines of repose and serenity. They express ideas of
calmness and quiescence.
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Curved Lines
• sometimes referred as S curves, suggest gracefulness or sexiness.
• If you want to photograph S curves, the human body makes for a wonderful
subject.

• When using vertical lines within a photo, it’s a good idea to follow the rule
of thirds, failure to do so can result in a photo looking as though it’s been
cut in half. It is also important to try to keep the vertical line as straight as
possible. Vertical leading lines can help to illustrate growth, authority,
strength, or dominance.

Three Main Types of Lines

• Repetition occurs when two or more lines are drawn within a corner following
the lines of the corner.
• Lines that are in opposition to each other form a contrast.
• A transition line is a line that connects two workflow elements.

2. COLORS

The Art Element of Color

• In the most basic classification, colors can be divided into three groups:
primary, secondary and tertiary. In the most basic classification, colors can be
divided into three groups:
• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary

Attributes of Color
• Hue is the term for the pure spectrum colors commonly referred to by the
"color names" - red, orange, yellow, blue, green violet - which appear in the hue
circle or rainbow.
Color Wheel
- A color wheel is an abstract illustrative organization of color hues
around a circle, that shows relationships between primary,
secondary, and tertiary colors, etc.

• Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. It is the quality which

depends on the amount of light and dark in color.
o Tints are values above the normal
o Shades are values below the normal.

• Intensity refers to the brightness or darkness of color. It gives color strength.

When a hue is vivid form, it is said to be in full intensity.

Colors have varied psychological and emotional connotations.

▪ Black is associated with death and gloom
▪ White stands for purity and innocence
▪ Red is associated with blood, anger and fear
▪ Green implies happiness and abundance

Psychology of Colors

Meanings of Colors Conveyed by the Rose…

o Red roses also mean courage and fortitude
o Yellow roses stand for freedom
o Red and Yellow stand for jovial/happy feelings
o Orange roses speak of enthusiasm and desire
o Red and White convey unity
o Red is for “I love you”
o Pink conveys “Thank you”
o White says “You are heavenly”
 o Coral speaks of desire.
o White roses denote secrecy, reverence and humility.
o Deep pink roses convey gratitude and appreciation.
o Light pink express sympathy, grace and gentility.

3. TEXTURE
- can be either implied or actual. Is the element that deals more directly
with the sense of touch.
- applies to how an object feels or appears to feel texture.

• Texture is the element that deals more directly with the sense of touch.
• It has to do with the characteristics of surfaces which can be rough or smooth,
fine or coarse, shiny or dull, plain or irregular.

➢ Implied texture expresses the idea of how a surface might feel. For
example, a painting of a blanket might convey the idea that the
blanket is soft.
➢ Actual texture, on the other hand, is texture that can actually be felt.
For example, a ceramic bowl might feature a carved texture that
could be felt when holding that bowl.

4. PERSPECTIVE
- Perspective deals with the effect of distance upon the appearance of
objects, by means of which the eye judges spatial relationships.

Kinds of Perspective
1. Linear perspective is the representation of an appearance of distance by
means of converging lines.

Linear Perspective
• Painters usually show the effect of space and distance by using converging lines
and diminishing size.
• Parallel lines below the eye level seem to rise to a vanishing point in the
horizon, while those above the eye level seem to descend to the vanishing point.
 • Foreshortening is the representation of objects or parts of the body as
smaller from the point of view of the observer.

2. Aerial perspective is the representation of relative distances of objects by

gradations of tone or color.

5. SPACE

The Art Element of Space

• Space refers to how the artist fills the surface on which a work of art is created.
It can also refer to the expression of depth within a work of art.
• Space as an element of art, refers to distances or areas around, between or
within components of a piece.
• Space can be positive (white or light) or negative (black or dark), open or closed,
shallow or deep and two-dimensional or three-dimensional.
• Sometimes space isn't actually within a piece, but the illusion of it is.

Kinds of Space
1. Positive space – the areas in a work of art that are the subjects, or areas of
interest.
2. Negative space – areas around the subjects, or areas of interest. Shape,
Form, and Volume are words that are used to describe distinct areas or
parts of works of art or architecture.
 6. FORM
- Form applies to the over-all design of a work of art.
- It describes the structure or shape of an object.

• Form applies to the over-all design of a work of art.

• It describes the structure or shape of an object.

The Art Element of Form

• Form refers to a three-dimensional object.
• Forms, much like shapes, can be geometric or organic. Geometric forms have
hard lines and edges.

TYPES of Form
• Form and shape can also be described as either organic or geometric.

➢ Organic forms such as these snow-covered boulders typically are

irregular in outline, and often asymmetrical.
➢ Geometric forms are those which correspond to named regular
shapes, such as squares, rectangles, circles, cubes, spheres, cones,
and other regular forms.

Eg.
• Kenneth Cobonpue 's Knottee hanging lamp at Hive

7. VOLUME
- Volume refers to the amount of space occupied in three dimensions.
- It refers to solidity or thickness.
- Volume refers to the amount of space occupied in three dimensions.
- It refers to solidity or thickness.