The burning of the Quran in Sweden has caused conflict in various Middle

Eastern countries.

2020-2023

Abdul Aziz Almaghribi

Faculty of Social and Political Science - Universitas Nasional,Jakarta Selatan

Indonesia

Email: almaghribiaziz692@gmail.com

Dr. Aos Yuli Firdaus, M.Si (Corresponding Author)

Faculty of Social and Political Science,Universitas Nasional

Abstract

Terrorism is just a means Can be adopted by various ideologies Same broad goals. With any
ideology. As long as it matters, it will be adopted Has great potential for success. Success lies
in paradigm of terrorism, which may not be defined according to the same criteria Supported
by a stable social system and state. Turkey's protests and Sweden's refusal to join the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) alliance are heating up. This is because the
demonstrations that took place in the city of Stockholm last week were colored by the
burning of copies of the quran. it is said that Paludan's protest against Islam is an attempt to
criticize NATO, Turkey, and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan for influencing
freedom of expression in Sweden. This paper presents a solution. As a countermeasure for the
arson plan, hundreds of people previously attacked the Swedish embassy in Baghdad and set
it on fire. Terrorism must remain vigilant because of the target being targeted are random or
indiscriminate which tends to sacrifice innocent people. Further, in some action, movement it
also uses weapons of mass destruction with take advantage of modern technology. Therefore
synergy is needed ongoing interaction between the government and the wider community
combat this movement and cut the roots of its development deep life together.

Keywords : Swedia,Terorism,Alquran ( book of islam).

INTRODUCTION

As a social movement, terrorism has complexities which depends a lot on the

perspective used. Therefore there are hundreds of definitions about terrorism made by many
experts social sciences in various literatures. The definitions emphasize various kinds of
attributes of symbols, origins origin, typicality, target, objective different. Terrorism is
instrument of a political 'project' or where is the religion the culprit keeps trying looking for
support with do a series acts of violence demonstrative public, that is followed by various
threats in order to press, intimidating and/or force with target violence or target. This is
usually attached by a group that opposite. Therefore it is important to remember that
sometimes there are lines thin who is the terrorist and who is the hero.

Etymologically, the word 'terror' itself is the root of the word terrorism, taken from the
Latin terrere which means to make someone trembles or shudders with fright (bring someone
to tremble through great fear). For several centuries this word refers on individual
psychological moods, and get emphasis a much more political meaning since the French
Revolution in 1789. Because there are times when in historical literature, the word 'terrorist'
is unintentionally also used to refer to the word 'revolution'1.

The European Union (EU) said a few days ago that the burning of Al Quran or any
other holy book is an act of abuse, humiliation, and blatant provocation. The statement came
after someone identified as Salwan Momika a few days ago burned a copy of the Muslim
holy book in front a mosque in Stockholm. The desecration of the Koran was carried out to

1
James Lutz and Brenda Lutz, Terrorism the Basics (London and New York: Routledge, 2011), h. 1-3
coincide with Eid al-Adha. Practices of racism, xenophobia (dislike towards people from
other countries), and such intolerance is not accepted in Europe, The European Union joins
the Swedish Foreign Ministry's stance in defiance against the burning of the Koran by
individuals in Sweden. This action is the same in no way reflects the views of the European
Union. sadder because performed on the important celebration of Muslims during Eid al-
Adha.

Sweden has opened an investigation into the hate speech case committed by Salwan
Momika, an Iraqi citizen who burned a copy of the Koran in front of a mosque in Sodermalm
area, Stockholm. Swedish police have also launched a hate speech investigation against
Momika on suspicion of Islamophobia. The burning of the Koran took place again in
Sweden, this time in the middle of the Eid al-Adha celebration. However, not all Swedes
agreed to the action. Several residents who were at the demonstration site viewed the actions
of the man from Iraq who moved to Sweden, Salwan Momika, as a form of provocation.

RESEARCH METHOD

This section describes clearly the research methods used which include qualitative research to
find research subjects, and data processing techniques, used to research, as well as how the
research data were analyzed. People often say that Islam is a religion that teaches peace and
not violence, but in reality religious peace is just words that are not applied in life. The
existence of intolerance has an impact on religious harassment which causes social chaos.
The tools and materials in this research are using data analysis from various previous news or
journals, from various European or Middle Eastern news circles.
What is the attitude of other Muslim-majority countries

After the burning of the Koran during a protest in Sweden, dozens of people stormed
the Swedish Embassy compound in the Iraqi capital, Baghdad. A crowd gathered outside the
embassy in Baghdad on Thursday 29-06-2023 after an influential cleric called for an angry
protest. Videos posted on social media show dozens of protesters walking inside the
courtyard. An AFP news agency photographer who was at the scene said the crowd entered
the building a few moments and remained inside for 15 minutes before leaving when local
security forces were deployed.

The burning of the Koran on Wednesday 28-06-2023 took place when Muslims
around the world celebrated Eid al-Adha, one of the most important holidays in the Islamic
calendar. Swedish police have granted permission for Salwan Momika to stage a protest, in
accordance with free speech laws. But then police said the incident was being investigated as
inciting hatred.

A riot police officer stands next to a burning city bus in Malmo City, Saturday evening April
16, 2022. This action was sparked by the burning of a quran.

The incident has also sparked outrage in other Muslim-majority countries including Turkey -
a NATO member that has decisive rights for Sweden to become a member of NATO.
Turkey - which was also angered by the Koran burning protests earlier this year - says it is
"unacceptable" to allow such anti-Islamic acts to occur under the pretext of freedom of
expression.

President Recep Tayyib Erdogan said: We will eventually teach arrogant Westerners
that insulting Muslims is not freedom of thought. Middle Eastern countries including Iraq,
Iran, Saudi Arabia and Egypt strongly condemned the arson. Morocco and Jordan have
recalled their ambassadors to Stockholm.

Iraq says the incident is a reflection of an aggressive, hateful spirit that has nothing to
do with freedom of expression. Iran voiced criticism of Iraq and called the act of burning the
Koran provocative and unacceptable. Meanwhile, Egypt described it as a very provocative
embarrassing act when Muslims commemorate Eid al-Adha.

Saudi Arabia - a country where some 1.8 million pilgrims made the pilgrimage this
week - said the repeated and hateful acts were unacceptable under any justification. The
Prime Minister of Sweden, Ulf Kristersson, said that the burning of the Koran was legal but
inappropriate. The act of burning the Koran has sparked riots in Sweden in recent months.
Police had rejected requests for similar protests recently, but courts later ruled they should be
allowed on freedom of expression grounds.

Condemnation from Many Countries Apart from Turkey, many Muslim countries said
they were outraged by the burning of the Koran. For example Indonesia, Saudi Arabia and the
United Arab Emirates. Likewise with the Gulf countries and the Organization of Islamic
Cooperation (OIC).

The act of blasphemy against the holy book has hurt and tarnished religious tolerance.
Freedom of expression must be exercised responsibly,

The Orthodox Church in Russia labels the burning of Korans in Sweden as an

unacceptable form of vandalism. This was stated directly by the Head of the Synodal
Department for Church Relations with Society and Media of the Moscow Patriarchate,
Vladimir Legoyda.
 Legoyda explained that one's political struggle should not cross human boundaries
and offend sacred religious matters. Burning the Koran near the Turkish embassy in Sweden
is an unacceptable act of vandalism.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Sweden's punishment for insulting the quran

All components of the world's Muslim community including the OIC and the World Muslim
League as well as Muslim-majority countries need to unite in addition to strongly
condemning the repetition of this blasphemy, also make a breakthrough to stop religious
blasphemy, and urge Sweden to seriously respect the Resolutions of the UN Human Rights
Council and the European Court of Human Rights which ruled that blasphemy of religion is
not freedom of expression, to immediately correct its national regulations so that this kind of
blasphemy against the holy book of the Qur'an does not happen again, and the perpetrators
can be given legal sanctions.

This is all necessary not only for Islam and its holy books, but also for other religions
in the world and their respective holy books, so that intolerance can be corrected and not
repeated, and harmony among religious communities in the world can be strengthened. A
man who had burned the Koran last June, returned to committing blasphemy against the
Koran. This time, the non-Muslim man from Iraq trampled and kicked the Al-Qur'an mushaf
which is sacred to Muslims all over the world.

The OIC consists of 57 Islamic countries and has a majority Muslim population in the
world, while the members of the World Muslim League consist of influential Muslim figures.
Because of that, he considered the role of the two organizations to be very strategic,
especially in efforts to stop blasphemy against Islam. Both of them can also urge the Swedish
Government to correct its legal regulations in order to prevent similar incidents from
happening again and the perpetrators are given legal sanctions.
 the Swedish Ministry of Justice's plan, which is currently under review, is to revise its
national law so that it can prosecute perpetrators of religious blasphemy, such as arson and
blasphemy against the Koran. Hearing this, he also asked the public to support the steps taken
by the Swedish Government. With this, it is hoped that intolerant attitudes can be stopped, as
well as strengthening moderation and tolerance among religious communities around the
world, and also maintaining harmony between countries.

This is no longer a domestic issue, because the effect is targeting Muslims around the
world as well as harmonious relations between countries in the world. And serious and
immediate correction of this intolerance is also important to be realized immediately, if
Sweden really wants good and productive relations between Sweden and the Islamic world.

A recent string of public desecrations of the Quran by a handful of anti-Islam activists in

Sweden has sparked an angry reaction in Muslim countries and raised questions – including
in Sweden – about why such acts are allowed.

In the latest such incident, an Iraqi living in Sweden on Thursday stomped on and kicked
Islam’s holy book in a two-man rally outside the Iraqi Embassy in Stockholm. The protest
was authorized by Swedish police, who kept a handful of agitated counterdemonstrators at a
safe distance.

The same Iraqi man burned a Quran outside a Stockholm mosque last month in a similar
protest that was approved by police. And at the start of the year, a far-right activist from
Denmark carried out a similar stunt outside the Turkish Embassy in Stockholm.

Here’s a look at how Swedish authorities have been dealing with these acts.

https://niam.lecturer.pens.ac.id/dokumen/buku-panduanMenulisJurnaldanPaper-
NiamTamami.pdf