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UCD Civil Engineering

Stage 2 Hydraulics 1 (CVEN20130) Dr. J O’Sullivan

Tutorial No. 3 2022 – 2023 (Tuesday 15th November 2022)
1. A venturi meter is to be fitted to a pipe of 250 mm diameter where the pressure head is 6 m of water
and the maximum flow is 9 m3/min. Find the smallest throat diameter to ensure that the pressure head
does not become negative.

2. Water flows out of a tank through a siphon formed by a bent pipe ABC, 25 mm in diameter. The water
in the tank is 1.5 m deep and the end of the pipe A is 0.3m above the bottom of the tank. The length of
pipe AB is vertical and is 8.7 m long, while BC is 17.4 m long. The pipe discharges into the
atmosphere at C, 3 m below the bottom of the tank. Assuming that the barometric pressure is
equivalent to 10.2 m of water and that the loss of head in friction is 40V 2 /2g, where V is the average
velocity, calculate the discharge and the absolute pressure at B.

3. A vertical tank of diameter 1.5 m contains water to a depth of 3 m as shown in Figure 1. Water
discharges through a 75 mm diameter orifice in the bottom of the tank that has a velocity coefficient of
0.98 and a contraction coefficient of 0.84.

D = 1.5 m

3m

CV = 0.98
CC = 0.84

Figure 1

(i) Explain the significance of these coefficients in the context of the flow through the orifice.
(ii) By assuming that the water level in the tank remains constant, calculate the flow rate out of
the tank.
(iii) By now assuming that the tank can empty, apply the continuity equation to develop an
expression to determine the time, T, it would take for the water level in the tank to fall from an initial
depth, H1, to a depth, H2.
(iv) Determine the time it will take for the tank in Figure 1 to empty.
4. The surface area of a reservoir at spillway level is 100ha. The overflow from the reservoir passes over
a weir 10 m long which has a discharge/head relationship of:

Q=1.8LH1.5

Where: Q is the discharge in m3/s

H is the head in m
L is the weir length in m

Find the time for the head to fall from a height of 2 m above the crest to 0.5 m when there is an inflow
of 1.5 m3/s. The surface area of the reservoir increases by 1 ha per metre rise in water level above the
crest level.

5. Two options for the design of a dry dock for boat building are being considered. The first is of
rectangular section and the second is of trapezoidal section. Schematic diagrams of both
configurations, with dimensions in m, are shown in Figure 2. Both will be fitted with a large sluice
gate in their base to facilitate filling and emptying of the dock. The sluice gate dimensions in each case
are 4 m x 4 m and the discharge coefficient (CD) is 0.62.
Sluice gate of area 4 m x 4 m
(CD = 0.62)

200 m
200 m

30 m
24 m 30 m
24 m
75o
50 m
40 m

Figure 2
(a) By numerically integrating a statement of continuity for the rectangular sectioned dock,
develop an expression for the time it would take for the water surface to drop from one level to
another. Use this expression to determine the time it would take for the dock to empty from the
initial depth of 24 m.
(b) Compare this time to that which would be required for the trapezoidal sectioned dock to empty
from the same water depth of 24 m (limit your analysis to two depth intervals).

6. Water ( = 1000 kg/m3) flows through a horizontally positioned Venturi meter as shown in Figure 3.
The full-bore pipe diameter is 60 mm and the throat diameter of the meter is 20 mm.

Flanges

60mm Q 20mm

(1) (2) (3)

Figure 3

(i) Calculate the flow discharge through the meter if the pressure at Section 1 is 200 kN/m2 and that
at Section 2 is 50k N/m2. The discharge coefficient of the meter can be taken as 0.98.
(ii) Calculate the tension force on the flanged joint connecting the pipe to the upstream end of the
Venturi meter.
7. A horizontal jet of water with a cross-sectional flow area of 2x10-3 m2 flowing at a velocity of 15 m/s
strikes a stationary flat plate orientated at 60o to the axis of the jet, as shown in Figure 4.

V2

V1

60o

V3

Figure 4
Assuming no friction (no shear force) between the fluid jet and the plate, sketch the force diagram and
calculate:
(i) The total force exerted on the plate;
(ii) The force exerted on the plate in the direction of the jet;
(iii) The ratio of the quantity of fluid that is deflected in direction (2) and (3) respectively after the
jet impacts the plate.

8. A steady discharge of 0.5 m3/s is delivered through the tapering pipe bend shown in Figure 5. The pipe
lies in a horizontal plane. The diameter at the bend inlet is 0.7 m and the measured pressure is 200
kN/m2. The diameter at the bend outlet is 0.5 m.

D = 0.7 m
P = 200 kN/m2 D = 0.5 m

Q = 0.5 m3/s 50o

Figure 5

(i) Determine the pressure at the outlet of the bend.

(ii) Calculate the magnitude and direction of the force exerted by the fluid on the bend.