MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY

Practical Report

Index

1. REPORT GENERAL DETAILS

2. AIM AND OBJECTIVES

3. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

4. INTRODUCTION

5. Procedure

6. HUMAN FACOT

7. REFERENCES

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Report general details:

1- Participants:

name picture
Ismail Mohamad muchlis
ismail

ID : 53213114463

2- Venue :

University Of Kuala Lumpur – Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Workshop number A-1-2

3- Duration:

1 week
2 hours

Time: 8.30 – 10.30 Friday

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Aim and objectives:-

(Targets achieved after the lab work)
 To describe the operation of a semiconductor
 To describe the operation of forward and reverse bias in a diode
 To describe the schematic symbol for a diode

Safety requirements

 Students must be aware of the safety symbols.

 Students must be aware of the location and how to use the fire extinguisher
 Students must wear a workshop uniform.
 All personal protective equipment must be provided
 Students are not able to attend the lab without safety shoes
 Keep all the conductive material away from the engine
 Must not turn on the system without the instructor's permission

Safety symbols first Aid

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Introduction :-

A diode is an electric devise allowing current to move through it in one direction

with far greater ease than in the other , the most common kind of diode in
modern circuit design is the semiconductor diode , although other diode
technologies exist , semiconductor diodes are symbolized in diagrams , the term
diode is customarily reserved for small signal devises .

The procedures :-

basically there are two experiments :

 Forward and reverse diode bias for DC power control .

 Diode use for AC power control .

Part 1 :

 The above circuit shows two diodes although only one is used at a time, depending
on the position of the switch A.
 Diode D1 is Forward Biased when Switch A is UP.
 Diode D2 is Reverse Biased when Switch A is DOWN.

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• Diode D2 is a reverse biased diode which prevents Lamp 2 from being

switched on due to no electrons will flow throughout the circuit. This is because the
circuit will act as an open circuit if the reverse biased diode is installed.

• Diode D1 is a forward biased diode which allows Lamp 2 to switch on due to

the electrons will flow throughout the circuit. However, not all the voltage applied
will flow across Lamp 1 because there is a small voltage across the diode which is 0.7
volts.

• For a reverse biased diode, the relative polarity the applied voltage is positive
on the cathode and negative on the anode.

• For a forward biased diode, the relative polarity the applied voltage is positive
on the anode and negative on the cathode.

• Diode D1 is a forward biased diode which allows Lamp 2 to switch on.

• Diode D2 is a reverse biased diode which does not allows Lamp 2 to be

switched on.

• Forward biased diode allows the current to flow throughout the circuit while
reverse biased diode prevents the current flow.

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Part 2 :

• AC circuit without diode will conduct fully the time and the voltage or current
to the lamp, thus resulting to full brightness of the lamp. The 50 volts power
supplied AC circuit without a diode installed has a reading of 7 volts.

• The halving of the current, voltage and the brightness of the lamp in the AC
circuit that a diode was installed is due to the diode only allows the current to pass
in one direction through the lamp if it is in AC circuit. This is because a complete
oscillation for the current flow in AC circuit involves two-ways movement, back and
forth movement and the diode will act as a forward biased diode during the first half
and reverse biased diode during the second half.

• Diode D3 will only conduct half the time and only pass half the voltage or
current to the lamp, thus resulting to half of the brightness of the lamp. The 50 volts
power supplied AC circuit with a diode installed has a reading of 3.5 volts.

• Full current, voltage and the brightness of the lamp in the AC circuit without a
diode being installed is due to the current is allow to pass in both directions through
the lamp if it is in AC circuit. This is because a complete oscillation for the current
flow in AC circuit involves two-ways movement, back and forth movement.

• Diode D3 work as a resistor in AC circuit by halving the time and only pass half
the voltage or current to the lamp and results in the half of the brightness of the
lamp.

• The diode only allows the current to pass in one direction through the the
lamp in AC circuit.

Discussions :-
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 Current flows and almost full voltage applied is across the lamp when the
diode is forward biased although there is a small voltage across the diode .
 The relative polarity of the applied voltages of a diode is positive on the
anode and negative on the cathode when a diode is forward biased .
 During the experiment in AC diode dimmer control when switch B is up the
diode only allows the current to flow in one direction through the lamp .
 During the experiment lamp 2 (L2) light up with approximately 0.2 v across
the forward biased diode .
 Diode in the circuit conducts only half the time and passes half the voltage or
current to the load lamp resulting in half dimmer of the lamp .
 The voltage drop across a silicon diode is closest to 0.7 v

conclusion:-

Part 1

 Diode D1 is a forward biased diode which allows Lamp 2 to switch on.

 Diode D2 is a reverse biased diode which does not allows Lamp 2 to be switched
on.
 Forward biased diode allows the current to flow throughout the circuit while
reverse biased diode prevents the current flow.
Part 2

 Diode D3 work as a resistor in AC circuit by halving the time and only pass half
the voltage or current to the lamp and results in the half of the brightness of the
lamp.
 The diode only allows the current to pass in one direction through the the lamp
in AC circuit.

Human factors

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"Human factors" refers to the study of human capabilities and limitations in the
workplace.
Human factors researchers study system performance. That is, they study the
interaction of maintenance personnel, the equipment they use, the written and
verbal procedures and rules they follow, and the environmental conditions of any
system. The aim of human factors is to optimise the relationship between
maintenance personnel and systems with a view to improving safety, efficiency and
well-being”

- SHEL model

Software

Liveware
SHEL Hardware

Enviroment

SHEL model Describtion

Enviroment This practical took place in workshop, the enviroment was
.safe and clear of impurties
Hardware The tools used in this practical were approved by aviation
stander and borrowed from miat tool store and the
maintenance manual
Software No soft ware was involved in this project
Liveware Students colaburate with each other as a divided teams, and
they conducted with the supervisor as stated

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Physical Environment
Noise

In this project all the sounds were under control and acceptable to human ears , the
sounds level doesn’t exeeded 85 decibles

Illumination

The illumination in the workshop was perfect for all kind of eyes sides
By using both natural light and electrical light,

Climate and Temperature

Climate and temperature can extremely affect workers .as shown in the figure
below :

however this project has boon established in perfectly fine weather wih avarege
tempersture of 15 C and 14.7 psi

References used:

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 Wikipedia
 Workshop guide paper

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