INTRODUCTION

The SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) is basically an electronic switch, which closes when applied
positive voltage on its gate. An SCR is a diode, but with a difference: As a diode is the cathode and
anode, and passes current in only one direction, additionally has an additional terminal called gate.
The gate is used to trigger the SCR into the conducting state or on. Only when the gate receives a
positive voltage leads the SCR. The SCR is, therefore, a device driver only in the first quadrant of the
curve, in which the trigger is caused by:
- Sufficiently high voltage applied between the anode and cathode.
- Intensity at the door. Can be controlled and the required voltage between anode and cathode for the
transition OFF - ON, using the appropriate gate current IG.
Then, although the suspension that voltage on the gate, the SCR continues to conduct. The only way
to stop driving is to remove or change the voltage polarity positive in the anode.

SCR DC Switch

Load control

- There are many way to control current through a load such as a lamp or motor, Basic
switch circuit simply turns the lamp ON or OFF.
 - Alow you to vary the lamp intensity and thus control the brightness of the lamp. If the
load is a motor the variable

resistance will control its speed.

-
Transistor control
- Uses a transistor to allow remote or low power control of the high current collector circuit
load by taking advantage of the transistor’s high current.
The SCR and thyristory
- Silicon controlled rectifier(SCR) another method of controlling a high current
using a low power input. The SCR can provide ON-OFF control or continuous
brightness control depending upon the circuit used.
- The SCR is the solid state version of the Thyratron. A gas filled tube used in the
early days of electronics to control high current loads.
One and two junction devices
All semiconductor devices have their origin from the basic PN junction that forms the diode, the diode
can be defined as a one junction device or as a two layer device.
The bipolar transistor is formed using two junction, the transistor is t hus seen to be a two junction or
three layer device.
Four layer diodes
The four layer diode conducts current in one direction only just as the two layer diode and is classified
as a thyristor.
A forward biased four layer diode and its characteristic curve. For the applied polarity junction 1 and 3
are forward biased but junction 2 is reverse biased. As a result only leakage current flows.
Diode junction avalanche
Diode forward voltage is increasing the leakage current rises and at the voltage VBO junction 2
avalanches. The four layer diode the conducts as if it were a two layer diode.
The breakover voltage VBO may be 4 volts but after switchback occurs the drop across the diode will
be as low as 0.7 volts as in normal two layer silicon device. If the forward voltage is too low the
forward current drops below the holding current IH and the diode stops conducting.

Sus diode
The four layer diode is also called a silicon unilateral switch or SUS.
It is referred to as a diode because it has two terminals. An anode (A) and a cathode (K) and because it
conducts current in one direction only.

Procedure
Experiment
Experiment consists of three parts.
- Will latch an SCR by making the gate and anode positive.
- Will turn the SCR OFF by breaking the A to K circuit.
- Will turn the SCR OFF by making the anode negative.
LATCHING the SCR

- procedure
- The trainer +V1 power on the lamp will be off as the SCR has not been latched. To latch
the SCR the gate must made positive. To make the gate positive grasp each of the two
loose leads by the metal tips so that your body resistance connects the gate to +v1
- Result
- when remove hands immediately the light still on..
Unlatching the SCR

- procedure
- THE LAMP WILL NOT turn off after the positive voltage is removed from the gate as the
SCR has LATCHED. TO UNLATCH THE SCR remove the cathode lead from ground
and reconnect it.
- Result
- the intensity of the lamp anode circuit has not change.

Anode circuit

- procedure
- Turn the SCR ON by holding the connectors of the two loose leads. Disconnect the lamp
from the SCR anode and reconnect it.
- Result
- The lamp behavior off.
Unlatching with negative voltage

- procedure
 - Turn the SCR on by holding the connectors of the two loose leads, connect a lead to –V2.
Toush the loose end of the –V2 lead momentarily to the SCR anode.
- Result
- The effect on the lamp will get brighter then will turn off as SCR unlatched.
Unlatching by voltage reduction

- procedure
- Turn the SCR ON by holding the connection of the two loose leads, When the SCR anode
voltage is reduced the below a minimum level the SCR can no longer remain in a latched
state. To observe this effect gradually reduce the anode voltage by turning the +V1 voltage
control CCW until the anode lamp turn OFF and does not come SCR can not come back
ON as the voltage control IS TURNED BACK UP.
- Result
- Lamp slowly dimmed and does not turn back on.

Discussion

- We ground both the cathode and the gate, and apply a positive voltage to the anode, no
current will flow through this device.
- We connect power such that the anode is positive with respect to the cathode - no current
will flow.
- Once it is turned on it remains on even after removal of the gate signal, as long as a
minimum current, the holding current, Ih, is maintained in the main or rectifier circuit. To
turn off an SCR the anode-cathode current must be reduced to less than the holding
current, Ih.
- To turn an SCR ON it is necessary to make the gate and anode positive at the same
instant.
- Once the SCR is turn on it can be turned off by grounding the anode.
- A four layer diode differs from a conventional diode in that it will be conduct current in
both direction .